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Hyperlipidemia is closely related to renal function damage, and they influence each other. Lipid deposition in the kidney affects the function and structure of glomerulus and renal tubules directly and indirectly, resulting in renal function injury. On the contrary, renal function damage further affects lipid metabolism and aggravates the progress of hyperlipidemia. At present, besides synthetic drugs, there are many non-synthetic drugs which have been well verified in the intervention of kidney injury in hyperlipidemia animal model. In this paper, the research progress in the mechanism of renal function damage and the related intervention using hyperlipidemia animal model at home and abroad in recent years were summarized.

Camptothecin (CPT) is a highly cytotoxic molecule with excellent antitumor activity against various cancers. However, its clinical application is severely limited by poor water solubility, easy inactivation, and severe toxicity. Structural modifications and nanoformulations represent two crucial avenues for camptothecin's development. However, the potential for further structural modifications is limited, and camptothecin nanoparticles fabricated via physical loading have the drawbacks of low drug loading and leakage. Prodrug‐based CPT nanoformulations have shown unique advantages, including increased drug loading, reduced burst release, improved bioavailability, and minimal toxic side effects. Stimulus‐responsive CPT nano‐prodrugs that respond to various endogenous or exogenous stimuli by introducing various activatable linkers to achieve spatiotemporally responsive drug release at the tumor site. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research advances in stimulus‐responsive CPT nano‐prodrugs, including preparation strategies, responsive release mechanisms, and their applications in cancer therapy. Special focus is placed on the release mechanisms and characteristics of various stimulus‐responsive CPT nano‐prodrugs and their application in cancer treatment. Furthermore, clinical applications of CPT prodrugs are discussed. Finally, challenges and future research directions for CPT nano‐prodrugs are discussed. This review to be valuable to readers engaged in prodrug research is expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation‐associated diseases are very common clinically with a high incidence; however, there is still a lack of effective treatments. Cell‐biomimetic nanoplatforms have led to many breakthroughs in the field of biomedicine, significantly improving the efficiency of drug delivery and its therapeutic implications especially for inflammation‐associated diseases. Macrophages are an important component of immune cells and play a critical role in the occurrence and progression of inflammation‐associated diseases while simultaneously maintaining homeostasis and modulating immune responses. Therefore, macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms not only inherit the functions of macrophages including the inflammation tropism effect for targeted delivery of drugs and the neutralization effect of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and toxins via membrane surface receptors or proteins, but also maintain the functions of the inner nanoparticles. Macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms are shown to have remarkable therapeutic efficacy and excellent application potential in inflammation‐associated diseases. In this review, inflammation‐associated diseases, the physiological functions of macrophages, and the classification and construction of macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms are first introduced. Next, the latest applications of different macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms for the treatment of inflammation‐associated diseases are summarized. Finally, challenges and opportunities for future biomedical applications are discussed. It is hoped that the review will provide new ideas for the further development of macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterial photocatalytic therapy (APCT) is one of the most promising non‐antibiotic treatment strategies for biofilm‐infected wounds and inflammation caused by drug‐resistant bacteria. However, it still faces issues such as inadequate single antibacterial capacity and lack of antioxidant capacity. In this study, a Z‐scheme heterojunction (Bi2S3‐X@PDA) is designed using a polydopamine (PDA) shell firmly anchored to the surface of sulfur vacancy‐rich bismuth sulfide nanorods (Bi2S3‐X NRs). Under near‐infrared light and hydrogen peroxide, Bi2S3‐X@PDA significantly improves the photocatalytic efficiency of reactive oxygen species generation and shows a nearly 100% broad‐spectrum antibacterial effect against multiple bacterial strains and bacterial biofilms in vitro. Interestingly, the antioxidant activity of the PDA shell in Bi2S3‐X@PDA remarkably downregulates the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors and promotes macrophage reprogramming toward the proregenerative M2 phenotype. In a mouse wound model of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection, Bi2S3‐X@PDA effectively eliminates drug‐resistant bacterial biofilms through APCT/mild photothermal therapy, while reducing inflammation in normal tissues and regulating the immune microenvironment, thereby promoting rapid wound healing. Overall, this light‐controlled treatment strategy, which provides both antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory functions, is a reliable tool for combating biofilm infection and inflammation caused by drug‐resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a critical global health challenge, with current treatments limited by the complex MI microenvironment, particularly the excessive oxidative stress and intense inflammatory responses that exacerbate cardiac dysfunction and MI progression. Herein, a mannan‐based nanomedicine, Que@MOF/Man, is developed to target the inflammatory infarcted heart and deliver the antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory agent quercetin (Que), thereby facilitating a beneficial myocardial microenvironment for cardiac repair. The presence of mannan on the nanoparticle surface enables selective internalization by macrophages rather than cardiomyocytes. Que@MOF/Man effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species in macrophages to reduce oxidative stress and promote their differentiation into a reparative phenotype, reconciling the inflammatory response and enhancing cardiomyocyte survival through intercellular communication. Owing to the recruitment of macrophages into inflamed myocardium post‐MI, in vivo, administration of Que@MOF/Man in MI rats revealed the specific distribution into the injured myocardium compared to free Que. Furthermore, Que@MOF/Man exhibited favorable results in resolving inflammation and protecting cardiomyocytes, thereby preventing further myocardial remodeling and improving cardiac function in MI rats. These findings collectively validate the rational design of an inflammation‐targeted delivery strategy to mitigate oxidative stress and modulate the inflammation response in the injured heart, presenting a therapeutic avenue for MI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro/nano drug delivery systems can provide ideal controlled drug release. Microfluidic chip technology plays an important role in the preparation of microspheres. Sodium alginate (SA) has been used to prepare microspheres as drug carriers owing to its good biosafety and easy preparation. However, these microspheres lack antimicrobial activity and drug loading efficiency, which prevent their application for infected wound repair. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess broad-spectrum antibiotic activity, liquid mixtures of AgNPs and SA are too unstable to fabricate drug-loaded microspheres using microfluidic chip technology. In this study, AgNPs were coated with silk fibroin (SF) and then dispersed in SA solution to fabricate antibacterial microspheres (denoted SA-SF-Ag) using microfluidic chip technology. SA-SF-Ag effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms and gradually released AgNPs. Moreover, in vivo results showed that SA-SF-Ag promoted infected wound healing and angiogenesis by killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the surface of infected skin wounds of mouse models. This study offers a new method to integrate AgNPs into organic polymeric microspheres for the treatment of infected wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional Chinese herb hawthorn is gaining attention for its potential to lower lipid levels due to its active components that positively influence lipid metabolism. Our meta-analysis of fourteen randomized controlled trials compared traditional Chinese medicine containing hawthorn with conventional lipid-lowering drugs for hyperlipidemia. Hawthorn-based medicine showed promise in reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, albeit less effective than standard drugs in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, caution is needed due to methodological limitations in some trials, emphasizing the importance of further well-designed studies to clarify hawthorn's efficacy in managing hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]