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Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KADER is the property of Kelam Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oryantalistlerin nazarında Kur’an-ı Kerim’in mevcut mushaf tertibi, O’nun kompozisyon bütünlüğünden yoksun olmasına ve anlaşılmamasına neden olan başat unsurdur. Bu durum aynı zamanda Kur’an metninin anlaşılmasının önündeki en büyük engel olarak da değerlendirilmiştir. Oryantalizmin Batı’da üniversitelerin çatısı altında pozitivist, seküler bir yaklaşımla ve bilimsel bir formatla inşa edildiği On Dokuzuncu yüzyılda, önce Yahudi ve Hristiyanların akabinde de Müslümanların kutsal kitapları tarihsel krtik, hermönötik ve semantik gibi bazı yeni yöntemler ışığında yeniden incelenmeye başlanmıştır. Bu girişimde temel gaye, ilahi kelamın muhatap aldığı insanla ilk karşılaştığı zamanı ve şartları tespit ederek hitabın ilk anlamına nüfuz edebilmektir. Bu çerçevede oryantalistler, Müslümanların kutsal kitabı Kur’an’ı Kerim’in âyetlerinin hangi zaman dilimi ve tarihsel şartlarda nazil olduğunu tespit etmek amacıyla önemli araştırmalar kaleme almışlardır. Bu çalışma, Kur’an tarihi ve kronolojisinin tespiti konuları hakkında oryantalist gelenek tarafından ittifakla en yetkin isimlerden biri olarak kabul edilen Theodor Nöldeke’nin Kur’an vahyini tarihlendirmede başvurduğu yöntemleri Geschichte des Qorans adlı eserini referans alarak bazı örnekler üserinden tanıtmayı ve tahlil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Penalized least squares are widely used in signal and image processing. Yet, it suffers from a major limitation since it requires fine-tuning of the regularization parameters. Under assumptions on the noise probability distribution, Stein-based approaches provide unbiased estimator of the quadratic risk. The Generalized Stein Unbiased Risk Estimator is revisited to handle correlated Gaussian noise without requiring to invert the covariance matrix. Then, in order to avoid expansive grid search, it is necessary to design algorithmic scheme minimizing the quadratic risk with respect to regularization parameters. This work extends the Stein's Unbiased GrAdient estimator of the Risk of Deledalle et al. (SIAM J Imaging Sci 7(4):2448–2487, 2014) to the case of correlated Gaussian noise, deriving a general automatic tuning of regularization parameters. First, the theoretical asymptotic unbiasedness of the gradient estimator is demonstrated in the case of general correlated Gaussian noise. Then, the proposed parameter selection strategy is particularized to fractal texture segmentation, where problem formulation naturally entails inter-scale and spatially correlated noise. Numerical assessment is provided, as well as discussion of the practical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

با توجه به اینکه مهم‌ترین اصل در روند تولید و فراوری محصول، سلامت آن است، یکی از کارآمدترین روش‌ها برای تضمین سلامت و کنترل ایمنی غذا، به کارگیری سیستم HACCP در بخش تغذیه و مراکز تهیه و توزیع غذاست. به همین دلیل، شناسایی عوامل انگیزشی مؤثر بر پذیرش این سیستم اهمیت خاصی دارد. لذا در این مقاله عوامل مؤثر بر نظام‌های انگیزشی بازاری، انگیزه‌های مقرراتی و مسئولیتی با استفاده از داده‏های 80 واحد تولیدی صنایع غذایی استان خراسان رضوی (شهرهای منتخب مشهد و چناران) در چارچوب الگوی سیستم معادلات به ظاهر نامرتبط بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد سن و تحصیلات مدیر، شاخص بازاریابی و کارایی بر شاخص انگیزه‌های بازاری تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار دارند. همچنین تحصیلات مدیر و شاخص بازاریابی دارای تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر شاخص انگیزه‌های مقرراتی اند. سن مدیر، شاخص بازاریابی و کارایی نیز بر شاخص انگیزه مسئولیتی تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار دارند. با توجه به یافته‌ها، کاهش اندک مالیات بنگاه‏های دارای سیستم HACCP و برگزاری کلاس‌های ترویجی و آموزش رایگان کارکنان پیشنهاد شده است.

This paper appraised cocoa marketing performance in Osun State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the costs and returns associated with cocoa marketing, and determined factors affecting cocoa marketing performance in the area. Primary data were used and collected through a well structured questionnaire and focus group discussion session. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to randomly select 120 respondents for the study. The analytical tools used were: descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and Seeming Unrelated Regression Equation (SURE).The results of costs and returns using budgetary analysis showed that cocoa marketing is a profitable enterprise with a Return on Investment (ROI) of 1.36 which implies that cocoa marketer will realize 36Kobo on each naira expended. Again, percentage profit of over 35% further confirmed that cocoa marketing is a highly profitable venture in the study area. The SURE results showed that age of the cocoa marketers, marital status, household size, years of education, years of marketing experience, marketer institution group, depreciation cost on fixed inputs, number of stores, cost of labour, cost of transportation, season of sales, cocoa bean quality and incidence of theft were statistically significant factors affecting performance of cocoa marketing in the study area.

To support the recovery of the economies of the Member States of the European Union (EU), after the crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic, and in turn, increase their resilience and promote ecological and digital transitions, the EU has approved an unprecedented stimulus package, the «Recovery Plan for Europe». This paper analyzes to what extent the programs that make up the aforementioned Plan (especially the Recovery and Resilience Mechanism) constitute new financial support systems, of a nature and implications -- at the level of indebtedness -- different from those introduced in the sovereign debt crisis of 2010 and represent a real advance in solidarity between EU Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable MRI is crucial for accurate interpretation in therapeutic and diagnostic tasks. However, undersampling during MRI acquisition as well as the overparameterized and non-transparent nature of deep learning (DL) leaves substantial uncertainty about the accuracy of DL reconstruction. With this in mind, this study aims to quantify the uncertainty in image recovery with DL models. To this end, we first leverage variational autoencoders (VAEs) to develop a probabilistic reconstruction scheme that maps out (low-quality) short scans with aliasing artifacts to the diagnostic-quality ones. The VAE encodes the acquisition uncertainty in a latent code and naturally offers a posterior of the image from which one can generate pixel variance maps using Monte-Carlo sampling. Accurately predicting risk requires knowledge of the bias as well, for which we leverage Stein’s Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE) as a proxy for mean-squared-error (MSE). A range of empirical experiments is performed for Knee MRI reconstruction under different training losses (adversarial and pixel-wise) and unrolled recurrent network architectures. Our key observations indicate that: 1) adversarial losses introduce more uncertainty; and 2) recurrent unrolled nets reduce the prediction uncertainty and risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Following the pioneering works of Rudin, Osher and Fatemi on total variation (TV) and of Buades, Coll and Morel on non-local means (NL-means), the last decade has seen a large number of denoising methods mixing these two approaches, starting with the nonlocal total variation (NLTV) model. The present article proposes an analysis of the NLTV model for image denoising as well as a number of improvements, the most important of which being to apply the denoising both in the space domain and in the Fourier domain, in order to exploit the complementarity of the representation of image data. A local version obtained by a regionwise implementation followed by an aggregation process, called Local Spatial-Frequency NLTV (L-SFNLTV) model, is finally proposed as a new reference algorithm for image denoising among the family of approaches mixing TV and NL operators. The experiments show the great performance of L-SFNLTV in terms of image quality and of computational speed, comparing with other recently proposed NLTV-related methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different storage media, temperature and period on the viability of quinoa seeds. Mature seeds (Q-52 cv) have been collected from quinoa field in Izmir, Turkey in October 2017. Germination and emergence tests were conducted in factorial randomized complete block design using five storage media (cotton bag, paper bag, nylon bag, airtight plastic tube and vacuum), four storage temperature (ambient, 16⁰C, 4⁰C, -24⁰C) and six storage period (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 months) as treatments. After conducting initial germination and emergence test (1 week after harvest), sample seeds were taken randomly from each storage media under different temperature and tested for germination at each four months interval since the time of seed collection. Emergence test was also conducted by sowing seeds in sand bed. Germination and emergence percentage data were recorded. There was statistical significant difference on the germination and emergence rate of quinoa seeds due to storage media, storage temperature, period and their interactions. Germination and emergence rates were lower in seeds stored at ambient temperature than seeds stored at other temperatures. In addition, the increasing storage period caused a gradual decrease in germination and emergence percentage of the seeds. After 24 months, the germination and emergence rate of the seeds was found to be below 70%. Highest germination and emergence percentage were observed for seeds stored in plastic tubes under -24⁰C followed by nylon bags and vacuum bags the same temperature, and, the minimum values were recorded for seeds stored in cotton bags in ambient temperature. It was concluded that storing quinoa seeds for not more than 24 months in airtight (hermetic) plastic tubes under -24⁰C is better in maintaining the viability of the seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it is known, when an important message is wanted to be given to the interlocutor, it is accepted as one of the literary arts to start with a phrase that will interest her. From this point of view, it will be seen that the Qur'an used this method at the beginning of the chapter. In the Qur'an, Allah almighty started with different expressions in surah and ensured that the message he wanted to give to his interlocutors was carefully listened to. This situation was accepted as one of the miraculous aspects of the Qur'an, the tafsir procedure, and the books on the knowledge of the Quran have been handled and analyzed under a separate title. In this study, the subject of the beginning of surahs will be discussed and the surahs beginning with the sentence "alhamdulillah" will be emphasized. Opinions about the order of the surah will be explained and information will be given on the different expression patterns used at the beginning of the surah. The common subject of the study, "suras that start with the sentence of alhamdulillah", will be discussed one by one and the common and different aspects will be revealed. In this way, the fact that there are endless wisdom charges in the expression patterns of the "eternal word" coming from the scientific neighborhood will be tried to be shown with the beginning of the surah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BEÜ Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bulent Ecevit University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Judgments by the Court of Jurisdictional Disputes / Uyusmazlik Mahkemesi Dergisi is the property of Court of Jurisdictional Disputes of the Republic of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maritime transport has been a crucial input for the growth of the Greek economy given that the Greek fleet is one of largest merchant fleets in the world. However, the impact of the local and international business cycle on Greek maritime transport is inadequately researched, so far, in the literature. In this context, the present paper investigates the key determinants of maritime transport fluctuations in the three major ports of the Greek hinterland, taking into account a number of variables for the 1998–2015 time-span, capturing, at least partly, the global financial crisis and the local crisis, as well. To this end, various relevant quantitative techniques have been used, such as Granger causality, Dufour and Renault multistep causality and SURE system estimation. Our main finding is that Greek maritime transport traffic, as expressed through the cargo volumes of the three major ports of Piraeus, Volos and Thessaloniki, has not been influenced by the Greek business cycle, implying that the country's maritime sector is practically independent of the macroeconomic conditions of the total economy. Clearly, future and more extended research would be relevant in the direction of applying the aforementioned approach to other EU countries of the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a method for estimating a covariance matrix that can be represented as a sum of a low-rank matrix and a diagonal matrix. The proposed method compresses high-dimensional data, computes the sample covariance in the compressed space, and lifts it back to the ambient space via a decompression operation. A salient feature of our approach relative to existing literature on combining sparsity and low-rank structures in covariance matrix estimation is that we do not require the low-rank component to be sparse. A principled framework for estimating the compressed dimension using Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimation theory is demonstrated. Experimental simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and scalability of our proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Theology / Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nearly all estimators in statistical prediction come with an associated tuning parameter, in one way or another. Common practice, given data, is to choose the tuning parameter value that minimizes a constructed estimate of the prediction error of the estimator; we focus on Stein's unbiased risk estimator, or SURE, which forms an unbiased estimate of the prediction error by augmenting the observed training error with an estimate of the degrees of freedom of the estimator. Parameter tuning via SURE minimization has been advocated by many authors, in a wide variety of problem settings, and in general, it is natural to ask: what is the prediction error of the SURE-tuned estimator? An obvious strategy would be simply use the apparent error estimate as reported by SURE, that is, the value of the SURE criterion at its minimum, to estimate the prediction error of the SURE-tuned estimator. But this is no longer unbiased; in fact, we would expect that the minimum of the SURE criterion is systematically biased downwards for the true prediction error. In this work, we define the excess optimism of the SURE-tuned estimator to be the amount of this downward bias in the SURE minimum. We argue that the following two properties motivate the study of excess optimism: (i) an unbiased estimate of excess optimism, added to the SURE criterion at its minimum, gives an unbiased estimate of the prediction error of the SURE-tuned estimator; (ii) excess optimism serves as an upper bound on the excess risk, that is, the difference between the risk of the SURE-tuned estimator and the oracle risk (where the oracle uses the best fixed tuning parameter choice). We study excess optimism in two common settings: shrinkage estimators and subset regression estimators. Our main results include a James–Stein-like property of the SURE-tuned shrinkage estimator, which is shown to dominate the MLE; and both upper and lower bounds on excess optimism for SURE-tuned subset regression. In the latter setting, when the collection of subsets is nested, our bounds are particularly tight, and reveal that in the case of no signal, the excess optimism is always in between 0 and 10 degrees of freedom, regardless of how many models are being selected from. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mutefekkir, Faculty of Islamic Sciences is the property of Aksaray University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of budget designers in forecasting government revenues in the Iranian economy. For this purpose, three methods, including analysis with statistical indicators, equation of error component separation, and macroeconomic regression model have been used in order to analyze the prediction errors in tax, oil and gas revenues, and income from property and sale of public goods and services during 1973-2011. The results show that forecasts of all government revenues by budget designers were optimistic (over-estimated), on average, and the highest forecasting errors belonged to revenues from government ownership. The results of the second method show that the forecasting errors in four kinds of government revenues have been mainly nonsystematic and influenced by exogenous shocks and factors. Furthermore, the results of the third method, in which the factors affecting prediction of government revenue were evaluated using the seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE), show that the non-oil GDP and the exchange rate had significant effects on the forecast of all government revenues. However, inflation and unemployment rates were effective only in predicting tax revenue and income from the sale of goods and services.

el-Müddessir sûresi nüzul sırasına göre Kur’an’ın ilk sûrelerindendir. Bu sûrenin 11-26. âyetlerinde Mekkeli müşriklerin Kur’an’a karşı sert muhalefeti Velîd b. Muğîre üzerinden anlatılır. Biz bu âyetleri sosyal psikoloji disiplini tarafından geliştirilen sosyal kimlik, gerçekçi çatışma ve stereotip (kalıp yargı) kavramları çerçevesinde anlamaya çalıştık. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız disiplinler arası yardımlaşmayı içermekte olup beşerî disiplinlere müracaat etmenin Kur’an’ı anlamada faydalı olacağını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmamız iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Birinci kısımda sosyal psikolojinin ilgili kavramlarıyla alakalı teorik bilgi verdik. İkinci kısımda âyetleri bu kavramlar vasıtasıyla açıklamaya çalıştık.Sosyal Psikoloji disiplini tarafından geliştirilen sosyal kimlik teorisine göre, her insanın bireysel/şahsi ve sosyal olmak üzere iki tür kimliği vardır. Şahsi kimlik bireyin psikolojik özellikleri, bedensel ve zihinsel kapasiteleri gibi özel vasıflarına işaret etmektedir. Sosyal kimlik ise kişinin ırkî, dinî, siyasî vb. gruplardaki üyelikleriyle alakalı olarak ortaya çıkar. Bu anlamda birey sosyal kimliğini tarif ederken sosyal özdeşleşmelerine bağlı olarak grup aidiyetlerine vurgu yapar. Bireyin hangi kimliği ile davranışta bulunacağı konusu onun içinde bulunduğu ruhsal ve sosyal duruma bağlı olarak şekillenmektedir. Sosyal psikolojideki gerçekçi çatışma teorisine göre gruplar, ilişkilerinde karşılıklı menfaatlerine zıt düşen hedefler edindiğinde ortaya rekabet çıkar. Aynı hedefi elde etmek için girilen rekabet, gruplar arasında gerçek bir çatışmaya ve gruplar arası düşmanlığa sebep olur. Gruplar arasında ortaya çıkan rekabet, kendi grubuna tarafgir algı ve tutumlara yol açarken diğer gruba karşı algı ve tutumları olumsuzlaşır. Bu esnada, dış gruba karşı olumsuz tutum ve stereotipler (kalıp yargılar) üretilir. Sosyal psikoloji literatüründe stereotip, önceden var olan kültürel temsillerden süzülerek meydana gelen, yarısı sosyal çevre, diğer yarısı ise kişinin kendisi tarafından oluşturulmuş zihindeki resimlerdir. Onlar, beklentilerimizi ve davranışlarımızı belirleyen, böylece muayyen olayları, kişileri ve grupları nasıl ve ne biçimde gözlemleyeceğimize ve anlamlandıracağımıza kılavuzluk eden zihnimizdeki resimler olup dış dünyadaki objektif gerçekliği filtre etmemize imkân vermektedir. Dış gruplara karşı oluşmuş kalıp yargılar, birkaç çılgın ya da nevrotik kişinin yaptıklarından ibaret değildir. Bilakis iki grup arasında savaş gibi bir çatışma durumunda bunu, genelde grupta en sorumlu kişi olarak tanınan bireyler yapar. el-Müddessir 74/11-26. âyetlerini bu kavramlar vasıtasıyla değerlendirelim. 11-17. âyetlerde isim verilmeden Velîd b. Muğîre’ye Allah’ın verdiği dünyalık nimetlerden bahsedilir. Buna rağmen kendisinin tamâhkar kesildiği ve ayetleri inkârda direttiği bildirilir. Ardından da kendisinin sarp bir yokuşa sardırılacağı; nimet içindeki halinin dünyada kötü bir duruma, ahirette de elim bir azaba dönüşeceği ifade edilir. Burada şunu ifade edelim ki, sosyal psikolojinin ilgili teorileri çerçevesinde düşünürsek burada kastedilen Velîd b. Muğîre olmakla birlikte asıl kastedilen onun başını çektiği kâfir/müşrik gruptur. Zira o tek başına değildi. Ayetlerden kolayca anlaşılmaktadır ki, artık Mekkeli müşrikler bir grup oluşturmuşlar ve muhalefete girişmişlerdir. Böylece yeni bir sosyal kimliğe sahip olmuşlardır. Bundan sonra ilerde Kur’an âyetlerine yansıyacak kâfir/inkârcı ve mümin/inanan şeklinde iki grup vardır. Kısacası iki tane sosyal kimlik vardır. Artık Mekkeli müşrikler, meselelere bakışlarında bireysel kimliklerinin yanında sosyal kimliklerini kullanacaklardır. İşte bu âyetler bunları yansıtmaktadır kanaatindeyiz. Yukarıda zikrettiğimiz ayetlerin sebeb-i nüzulü olarak rivayet edilen her iki haberden de bunlar anlaşılmaktadır. 18-26 âyetlerde, kavminin Velîd b. Muğîre’den Kur’an hakkında söylemesini istedikleri söz ele alınmaktadır. Her şeyden önce Kur’an onun bu sözünü “Bu (Kur’an) sadece öğretilegelen bir sihirdir, yalnızca bir insan sözüdür” dedi şeklinde yalın olarak zikretmez. Bilakis sözü söylerken ortaya koyduğu negatif tavır; düşünüşü, bakışı, suratını ekşitmesi, kaşlarını çatması, arkasını dönmesi…vs. vurucu bir tarzda zikredilir. Velîd b. Muğîre’nin Kur’an’la ilgili söylediği “Bu (Kur’an) sadece öğretilegelen bir sihirdir, yalnızca bir insan sözüdür” sözleri, sosyal psikolojide stereotip (kalıp yargı) olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu, ilk inen ayetlerde geçmesi nedeniyle Kur’an hakkında ortaya konan ilk kalıp yargıdır ve konumuz açısından önemlidir. O bu sözü sahip olduğu sosyal kimlik bağlamında söylemiş olmalıdır. Yani kâfir/inkârcı grubun bir çatışma ortamında karşı grubun (müminlerin) inandığı Kur’an’ın Allah sözü olduğuna karşı ürettikleri bir kalıp yargıdır.Konumuzla ilgili olarak Velîd b. Muğîre’nin Kur’an karşısındaki tavrı kadar Hz. Ömer’in tavrı da önemlidir. Her ikisi de Kur’an’ın cazibesi karşısında derinden etkilenmişlerdir. Ancak birincisi iman ikincisi ise inkârla sonuçlanmıştır. Bunların farklı tavır alışları sahip oldukları bireysel ve sosyal kimlikle ilgilidir kanaatindeyiz. Hz. Ömer’in durumunu bireysel kimliğin sosyal kimliği bastırması ile, Muğîre’nin durumunu da hem sosyal kimliğin bireysel kimliği bastırması hem de kalıp yargıların Muğîre üzerinde daha etkili olması ile açıklayabiliriz. Yani Hz. Ömer, içinde bulunduğu kâfir sosyal kimliği değil, kişisel kimliği ile hareket etmiştir diyebiliriz. Onun şahsi yapısı buna müsaittir. O, aklı başında, taraf olduğu görüşe ağırlık kazandıran, dengelerde ağırlıklı bir yeri bulunan, aklıyla hareket edip iradesiyle tercih eden biriydi. Sosyal olarak da müsait olduğu anlaşılıyor. Zira ilk olarak, o güçlü bir kabileye sahip değildi. İkinci olarak, kendisi Mekke’de bir liderlik konumunda değildi. Velîd b. Muğîre’ye gelince, o şair, zengin ve Mekke’nin güçlü liderlerinden biri idi. Hatta o, Mekke müşriklerinin, Kur’an inse inse şunlara inerdi dediği kişilerden birisidir. Dolayısıyla Velîd b. Muğîre’nin Hz. Ömer’in aksine içinde bulunduğu sosyal konumu bakımından sosyal kimliği ile hareket etmesi daha uygundur. Yani bu kimliğe olan aidiyetleri daha baskın ve güçlüdür.

Bu makalede özellikle son dönemde Kur’ân surelerini dönemlere göre tasnif edendört araştırmacı ve ilgili çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda Mekkî sureler; nüzulrivayetleri, surelerin üslup ve içerikleri dikkate alınarak dönemlere ayrılmış, aynızamanda sureler, bu dönemlerde cereyan eden olaylarla da ilişkilendirilmiştir. Yine bumakalede, ilgili çalışmalarda kullanılan yöntemler ve elde edilen sonuçlar üzerinde durulmuş,ictihada dayalı bu türden tasnifl erde ortak sonuçlara ulaşılmasının imkânı sorgulanmıştır.Ancak bu çalışma, herkes tarafından kabul edilebilecek bir sure tertibininmümkün olmayışı yanında, belki de bu imkânsızlığın bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkandönemsel tasnif çalışmalarında da ortak bir sonuca ulaşılamayacağını göstermektedir.

Copyright of IUG Journal of Sharia & Law Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For two groups of post-communist countries (CEE and CIS) we estimated the parameters of convergence equations on the basis of annual data. We depart from standard econometric theory, which involves panel regression techniques. We test cross-country heterogeneity of parameters within a system of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE). We show empirical evidence in favour of the variability of parameters describing the convergence effect and productivity growth rates across countries. Our approach seems a convincing alternative to the panel regression approach where random effects can be estimated, imposing an assumption about the constancy of structural parameters within the group of countries under analysis. We discuss the role of the global financial crisis in the heterogeneity of convergence processes and productivity at the country level. The aforementioned SURE model was estimated based on two datasets, one containing observations prior to the crisis and the second containing the whole sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, implementation and outcomes of an undergraduate research course are presented. The associated gains and learning outcomes of the course are evaluated and benchmarked with other international undergraduate research experiences. The course was offered to undergraduate students at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). The research group structure adopts Georgia Tech model. The paper summarizes the course structure, content, and best practices. In addition, the results of undergraduate research experience survey are presented and analyzed. The students reported significant gains in understanding of the research process and significant improvements in writing and oral presentation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mutefekkir, Faculty of Islamic Sciences is the property of Aksaray University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Garibü’l-Kur’ân’ın anlamını öğrenme çalışmaları, saadet asrından itibaren başlamış, Arap olmayanların Müslüman olmalarıyla bu çalışmalar zamanla çoğalmış ve çeşitlenmiştir. 16. Yüzyılda yazılan Şemseddin Karahisârî’nin Arapça Türkçe lügati de ismen değilse bile, muhteva bakımından Kur’ânî lafızların anlaşılmasına hizmet eden sözlüklerden birisi olmuştur. Sözlüğün en önemli zenginliği, eş anlamlı ve eş sesli kelimeleri anlaşılır bir üslupla bol miktarda kullanması ve yeri geldikçe lafızların manalarına ayetlerden delil getirmesidir. Ahterî; fıkıh, lügat ve tarih olmak üzere üç alandaki önemli eserlerinde de Kur’ân lafızlarını ve kavramlarını yeterince ve maharetle kullanmaktadır. Müellif, kelimâtü’l-Kur’ân açısından incelenen on bir kısa surede bulunan -anlamı herkesçe bilinen birkaç kelime hariç- bütün lafızların manalarını sözlüğünde açıklamıştır. Bu makalede, açıklamalar esnasında zikrettiği alternatif anlamlar, ayetin anlaşılmasına farklı boyutlar katacak güzellikte ve zenginlikte bulunmaktadır. Lügatte yer alan Kur’ânî lafızların karşılıklarının zenginliği, maksat bakımından aynı, ancak ifade biçimi açısından farklı cümle oluşturacak özellikte bulunduğundan, meal-tefsir yapacak çoklukta bir malzeme sağlamaktadır. Bu birikimle bir meal elde edilebilme hususunda fikir vermesini temin etmek üzere kelime karşılıkları meale dönüştürülerek ayetlerin altına konulmuştur. Lügatin on altıncı asrın bazı mahalli ifade özelliklerini taşımakla birlikte, günümüzde kullanılan ve manaları kolaylıkla anlaşılan Türkçe ifadelerle hazırlanmış olması, çağdaş Müslümanlara hitap edebilecek bir meal oluşturabilmeye uygun görünmektedir.