Search

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mixture of oligogalacturonides (Ogal) allows the formation of bonds with heavy metals and modifies the distribution of Cu, Cd and Fe metal cations in the soil, as well as attenuating the toxic effects on tomato seedlings, due to its high proportion of ionizable acid functional groups. Oligogalacturonides are constituted by a linear chain of galacturonic acid molecules linked by a-1-4 bonds. They are considered to be plant biostimulants. In the present work, the effect of an Ogal mixture on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants was determined, which confirmed that they can be used to grow this and probably other species in soils with elevated levels of these metal cations. The application of the Ogal mixture in different forms and combinations modified the bioavailability of these cations in a contaminated soil, favoring the phytoextraction process by tomato plants. Additionally, biomass production was stimulated without the plants showing visual symptoms of phytotoxicity. The results of this work offer an alternative for the use of the Ogal mixture in other hyperaccumulator crops to phytoremediate soils contaminated with heavy metal cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato is one of the agricultural products with the highest economic value in the world, for its production agrochemicals are generally used, however, their excessive use has caused environmental problems. A commercial sargassum extract was evaluated as a fertilizer for tomato cultivation, it was applied at 2 (N2), 5 (N5) and 8% (N8), with and without inoculation (400 spores) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; mineral fertilization (C+) and no fertilization (C-) were used as controls. With C+ the highest number and weight of tomatoes were obtained, but the fruits were mostly small in diameter; with organic fertilization, medium-sized fruits were obtained, and they surpassed those of C- in all the parameters evaluated. The highest content of carotenoids was found in the tomatoes from N2, N5, N8 and NM8, the highest amount of sugar in the fruits from N5, N8 and NM8, the highest maturity and flavor indices in all organically fertilized with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi except NM5. The use of sargassum as a fertilizer is a good alternative to avoid the problems caused by its excessive arrival on the coasts, and it is given added value since a biofertilizer is obtained that helps production and improves the quality of tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Donde corresponda el clima y las condiciones del suelo, el cultivo de tomates, de cultivo seco puede ser una buena opción para los productores de cultivos especializados. La agricultura en seco genera un cultivo de sabor intenso muy apresiado por los consumidores y los minoristas. Esta guía describe los pasos envolucrados en el cultivo orgánico de tomates de cultivo seco en la costa central de California, con un enfoque en la preparación adecuada del suelo, la siembra y el control de malezas.

Copyright of Revista Estudiantil AGRO - VET is the property of Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ironie du sort : la recherche sur le lynchage à la tomate est encore aujourd’hui dominée par un texte parodique de Georges Perec. L’article Cantatrix sopranica L. s’intéresse au contrecoup lyrique du lancer de tomate sur la chanteuse. Sous prétexte de thématiser l’effet d’un bide musical, Perec met en scène les conditions de possibilité d’une foirade scientifique. Pour parodique qu’elle se donne, cette étude n’en reste pas moins typique des codes de scientificité d’une époque. Si nous ne nous développons pas tous les facteurs discriminants – plus ou moins nonparodiés – de la supposée recherche, nous nous concentrons principalement sur le réductionnisme essentialiste qui porte Perec, face à « la » cantatrice, à évoquer « la » tomate, sans cure pour le pluralisme de ses états culinaires (crue, cuite, mijotée, condensée, farcie, gratinée…), la variété de ses espèces, les modes de culture, les couleurs, etc. La musicologie d’aujourd’hui ne peut-elle se saisir de ce hors-jeu pour repenser ses pratiques épistémologiques, ses manières de hurler ses échecs, relancer et mettre en vocalise ses propres impasses ?

O feijão e o tomate são culturas de grande relevância no Brasil, e particularmente no estado do Paraná. A mancha angular do feijão e a septoriose do tomate são doenças importantes nestas culturas. Os cultivos de base agroecológica estão ganhando relevância em diferentes partes do mundo, e vêm sendo estimulados no estado do Paraná. A ciência homeopática tem sido divulgada como uma ferramenta para este tipo de agricultura. Os bioterápicos são produzidos segundo a farmacotécnica homeopática, mas não seguem os mesmos princípios de cura da homeopatia. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o controle da mancha angular do feijão e da septoriose do tomate através de dois bioterápicos, denominados Pse02 (Pseudocercospora griseola 02) e Sep01 (Septoria lycopersici 01), produzidos respectivamente com o patógeno do feijão e com folhas doentes de tomate. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com cada bioterápico em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa de vegetação. As dinamizações 0DH, 12DH, 19DH, 20DH, 21DH, 24DH, 30DH do bioterápico Pse02 e as dinamizações 0CH, 9CH, 12CH, 15CH, 17CH, 19CH do bioterápico Sep01 foram pulverizadas na parte aérea e irrigadas no solo em quatro datas diferentes. Em apenas um experimento de cada bioterápico houve efeito significativo de uma dinamização em relação ao controle. Os bioterápicos Pse02 na dinamização 19DH, e Sep01 na dinamização 15CH promoveram redução significativa no tamanho da lesão de mancha angular bem como na severidade e número de lesões de septoriose do tomate em relação ao controle, respectivamente.

A comparative study was perfomed with conventional and ultrasound assisted extraction on tomato processing waste. Ultrasound extraction exhibited slightly higher phenolic and flavonoids content, as well as higher ABTS + radical scavenging capacity (4.63 mg GAE.g-1, 0.96 mg RUE.g-1 and 27.90 µmol TE.g-1 respectively). On both extracts, a high percentage of flavonoids was lost during simulated digestion, resulting on a bioacessibility of approximately 13 %. Extracts presented good stability during storage conditions, which indicates a possible technological application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the phytonutrient composition, antioxidant activity and nutraceutical potential of peels and seeds of two tomato cultivars. Levels of phytonutrients such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, chlorophyll, salicylic acid and vitamin C were assessed. Potential in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. Tomato has quite interesting levels of phenolic compounds such as total phenols and flavonoids, whose contents varied from 78.41 ± 1.52 to 272.17 ± 53 mg GAE/100 g DM and 13.35 to 139.89 mg QE/100 g DM, respectively. They also contained chlorophyll, which was concentrated in the peels (39 to 78 mg/100 g DM). β-carotene and lycopene contents ranged from 4.63 to 105 mg/100 g DM and 7.51 to 32.45 mg/100 g DM, respectively. Vitamin C level was high in peels with an average content of 27.82 mg/100 g DM. Tomato by-products showed high antioxidant activity with 61% DPPH inhibition and 108.55 to 120.86 µg EAA/g with FRAP method. With this richness in phytonutrients and their strong antioxidant power, tomato by-products have important nutraceutical potentials to be valorized with in vivo experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme accessions from Mexico were evaluated for total phenolics (TP) and flavonoids (TF), phenolic profiles (UPLC-DAD-MS), antioxidant capacity (AC) (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP), and expression of transcription factors (MYB12 and MYB14) and target genes (PAL, CHS and CHI) by RT-qPCR. The AC (mmol TE/kg fw; TE, Trolox Equivalents) by ABTS (5.27–11.81), DPPH (1.43–3.67), and FRAP (4.41–9.22) correlated with TP (0.53–1.20 g GAE/kg fw; GAE, Gallic Acid Equivalents), TF (1.03–2.10 g QE/kg; QE, Quercetin Equivalents), and the levels of chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids and rutin. The expression of MYB12 and MYB14 correlated with that of PAL and CHS, while CHI was only associated with MYB12. The accessions Tumbisca and Kilim showed the highest gene expression, phenolics content, and AC, suggesting they can be used in breeding programs to produce tomatoes with better AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of water treated with a static magnetic field (SMF) between 20 and 200 mTon the photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates of Solanum lycopersicum L. var. HA-574. A completely randomized design was used in GREMAG irrigation technology. One group of plants was irrigated with water treated with SMF (20-80 mT), another group with SMF (100-200 mT), and the control with tap water. Photosynthetic pigments were determined in leaves and carbohydrate content in fruits. Statistical analysis was performed with the Tuckey test. Plants grown with water treated with SMF (100-200 mT) had the highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls and carbohydrates. High photosynthetic activity and better adaptation to cultivation conditions were achieved under the benefits of SMF treatment in irrigation water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the endophytic and stimulant effect of selected strains of T. asperellum in tomato under semi controlled conditions. Conidial suspensions of the fungal strains at two concentrations were independently applied to the soil at two times (at sowing or seven days prior to sowing). The number of roots and leaves, plant height, root length and fresh and dry weights of the aerial part and root of each plant (treated and control) and the endophytic capacity in roots were determined. Treatment evaluations were performed 15 or 30 days after plant sprouting. The plants treated with the strains Ta. 13 and Ta. 90 showed increases of the growth indicators when the soil was inoculated with the fungus seven days prior to sowing. All the fungal strains showed en+dophytic growth in the tomato roots, standing out the strains Ta. 13 and Ta. 90 with the highest percentage of endophytism. Once again, the results showed the variability of the studied strains and the need for studies that allow the selection of candidates for being applied in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the effect of storage temperatures of 7 and 22 °C for 168 h on tomatoes (Charleston cv.) inoculated with 107 CFU mL-1 of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pathogroup (ETEC) strain on color indexes (hue angle, h°, and chroma, C*), firmness, titratable acidity (% citric acid), ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose). ETEC survived with populations of 7 and 9.2 Log CFU g-1 at 7 and 22 °C, respectively until 120 h. Bacterial adherence and colonization under both storage conditions were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The index C* and ascorbic acid had higher values at 22 °C, while the parameters h°, firmness, and citric acid had lower values at the same storage temperature. At 7 °C, the concentration of total soluble sugars was affected; glucose and fructose showed lower values (0.054 and 0.057 g 100 g-1, respectively). Finally, the inoculated fruits exhibited significant differences in the parameters of consumer preference of fresh tomatoes such as color, firmness, sugars, and organic acids, which were affected depending on the storage temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer, a nivel de cuenca, el volumen de agua utilizado por las industrias de elaboración de conservas de tomate y de durazno de Mendoza. Para ello se estima la materia prima utilizada en la elaboración de estas conservas a partir de datos de superficie cultivada para tal destino y de rendimientos por superficie obtenidos en el Registro Permanente de Uso de la Tierra de Mendoza y el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Se emplearon coeficientes de volumen de agua utilizada por unidad de materia prima procesada, que varían entre 5 y 25 L kg-1 de producto procesado, sin incluir el uso de agua para riego en fincas. Los resultados se analizaron para diferentes valores de coeficientes asociados a la eficiencia del uso del agua, en escenarios optimista y pesimista. Se concluye que las industrias elaboradoras de conservas de tomate y de durazno de Mendoza utilizan entre 0,66 y 6,15 hm3/año. El mayor consumo de agua de las conserveras de tomate ocurre en la cuenca Norte, alcanzando el 64,9% del total demandado por tales industrias. Para las conserveras de durazno, el mayor consumo se produce en la cuenca Sur con un 46% de total demandado.

Introducción. Diversas plagas y enfermedades disminuyen el rendimiento de cultivos en México (Cristóbal-Alejo et al., 2018). Los plaguicidas químicos se emplean cada vez menos debido a sus efectos en el ambiente (Tanaka y Kahmann, 2021), por lo que en los últimos años aumentó el uso de hongos biocontroladores como Trichoderma, esto debido a su éxito en el control de fitopatógenos, como hongos y nematodos (Li et al., 2019). Objetivo. Comparar el efecto biocontrolador de cepas de Trichoderma contra fitopatógenos en Solanum lycopersicum. Métodos. Se determinó el antagonismo de especies de Trichoderma contra los hongos Fusarium oxysporum y Corynespora cassiicola. También se identificaron los genes Sm1 y Epl1, que intervienen en la resistencia sistémica. Se evaluó la capacidad antagónica de las cepas T. erinaceum 10-15 y T. virens 32-09 frente al nematodo Meloidogyne incognita determinando las variables de estimación en el control de este fitopatógeno bajo condiciones controladas. Resultados y discusión. T. erinaceum 10-15 inhibió el crecimiento micelial de F. oxysporum en 90.5%, mientras que T. virens 32-09 inhibió el crecimiento del micelio en C. cassiicola en 75.1%. Se identificó el gen Epl1 en la cepa T. erinaceum 10-15 y el gen Sm1 en la cepa T. virens 32-09. La cepa T. erinaceum 10-15 tuvo mejor desempeño en la inhibición del número de huevos y de hembras de M. incognita. Conclusión. Las especies de Trichoderma, T. erinaceum 10-15 y T. virens 32-09 podrían ser una alternativa eficaz en la agricultura como agente de control de fitopatógenos.

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Sociedade de Ciencias Agrarias de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Tunisia, the tomato supply chain plays a major role in the local socio-economic development of certain territories. The plain of Haouaria, a region historically specialized in the tomato processing, has known since the 2010s a process of deterritorialization resulting in a greater vulnerability of farmers. The objective of this article is to present the explanatory variables of this process. In order to do that, we mobilized the conceptual framework of the supply chain approach. Our methodology was based on documentary research, field surveys with farmers and consumers, interviews with institutional stakeholders and manufacturers and finally focus groups with various stakeholders in the sector. The article analyzes the structure, the regulatory mechanisms of the sector, and estimates the weight of the territory in its development. Our results show that the structure of this sector is dominated by the industrial form, with a production consisting mainly in tomato paste, the basic product of the Tunisian food consumption model. This structure is characterized by a strong asymmetry of power as well as an unequal distribution of value between stakeholders. Regulatory mechanisms have been developed by stakeholders and the government in order to adapt to various constraints such as decrease in water availability and market saturation. This reconfiguration results in a strong dependence of this supply chain on other regions for its development. Finally, it appears that the deterritorialization of the tomato-processing sector in the study region is mainly the result of internal and external regulation methods, while territorialization actions such as product diversification or recognition through labeling mechanisms, remain weak and not yet structured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to define the action of lycopene under CT, HDL, LDL and TG and to analyze which sufficient dosages have a positive effect on metabolic markers. Methodology: The investigation was based on the effect of products containing lycopene and its effect on serum metabolic markers of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. For analysis of in vivo studies, studies that met intervention criteria with controlled design, diet or manipulated controlled by crossed or parallel placebo, randomized clinical trial with standardized dosage of lycopene in the treatment and control group and intervention 2= weeks that included total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were included.. Results: It was seen that lycopene plays an important role on metabolic markers, due to its ability to reduce the mechanism of HMG-Coa reductase, decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol and its antioxidant capacity under LDL. Lycopene also modulated the activity of PPAR and LXR, modulating the action of ABCA1, Apoa1 and caveolins, improving HDL synthesis and cholesterol efflux. Dosages with a positive cholesterol effect vary, but are around 26.5 mg of lycopene per day, reported in in vivo studies with cholesterol supplementation. Conclusion: The review suggests the efficacy of lycopene in reducing metabolic markers, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High perchlorate findings were reported in fruits and vegetables from different countries in 2013. It was speculated that mineral fertilizers were responsible for the contamination because perchlorate was detected in substantial amounts in some fertilizers and is generally available for plant uptake. In principle, other source such as the growth medium, washing water, contamination during packaging or treatment of products to increase shelf-life of fruits and vegetables are potential contamination sources as well. A greenhouse trial was conducted with different vegetables to investigate the perchlorate uptake and transfer between different plant organs. For this purpose, spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) were grown as leafy vegetables, radish (Raphanus sativus) and May turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) as root vegetables and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a fruit-bearing crop. Perchlorate was added to the substrate in concentrations of 0 - 5 - 10 - 100 - 500 µg ClO4-/pot to the young plants (two to six leaf stage). The investigated species took up almost the applied perchlorate and the highest proportion of 70-100% was detected in leaves. In the bulbs of radish and May turnip only at the higher level of 100 or 500 µg ClO4-/pot low concentrations of perchlorate could be detected. In tomato fruits no perchlorate was detected indicating that no transfer from leaves to fruits occurred, when perchlorate was applied in one dose at the beginning of the experiment. It can be concluded that the majority of perchlorate contained in fertilizers will be taken up by plants and will be stored mainly in leaves. Therefore, leafy vegetables have a high risk to be contaminated by perchlorate while the edible parts of bulb vegetables and fruits show a lower risk to be contaminated when perchlorate was applied at the beginning of vegetative growth. No conclusions are possible if perchlorate-containing fertilizers are applied regularly over the whole vegetation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of different nitrogen and potassium ratios on mineral nutrition and resistance of tomato plants to leafminer fly attack was evaluated. Tomato variety Alambra F1 was grown to conduct the experiment in a randomized block design, with 4 repetitions, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, being 5 doses of nitrogen and 5 doses of potassium at levels 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% for each nutrient and in a 5 × 5 factorial design, being 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 for each ratio between nitrogen and potassium (N/K) in the analyses on the leafminer fly. For infestation, the 3rd or 4th leaf was selected and covered with a Voile-type cloth bag with 10 leaf fly adults for 24 hours. The confinement test took place on the 3rd or 4th leaf, where nitrogen and potassium contents, larval and pupal duration and viability, longevity and sex ratio of the adults were also analyzed. The tomato plants showed increasing levels of nitrogen and potassium as their respective levels increased in the combinations studied. The N/K 1/1 ratio showed unfavorable averages for the insect as egg viability and/or larval development of Liriomyza sativae, indicating a possible induced resistance of the tomato plants to the leafminer fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El neotrópico es sitio de origen de gran variedad de plantas que actualmente son cultivadas con éxito en diferentes regiones del mundo. Sin embargo, condiciones climáticas adversas, que se pueden ver acrecentadas por efectos del cambio climático antropogénico, pueden afectar su rendimiento y productividad debido a las situaciones de estrés abiótico que se pueden generar. Como alternativa para contrarrestar estos efectos, se ha experimentado con modificaciones genéticas, particularmente en genes relacionados con la producción de osmolitos y factores de transcripción que han llevado a que estas plantas, a nivel experimental, tengan mayor tolerancia a estrés oxidativo, altas y bajas temperaturas y fotoinhibición, sequía y salinidad, mediante la acumulación de osmoprotectores, la regulación en la expresión de genes y cambios en el fenotipo. En este trabajo se presentan y describen las estrategias metodológicas planteadas con estos fines y se complementan con ejemplos de trabajos realizados en cultivos de origen neotropical de importancia económica, como maíz, algodón, papa y tomate. Además, y debido a la novedad y potencial que ofrece la edición génica por medio del sistema CRISPR/Cas9, también se mencionan trabajos realizados en plantas con origen neotropical, enfocados en comprender e implementar mecanismos de tolerancia a sequía. Las metodologías aquí descritas podrían constituirse en opciones prácticas para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria con miras a contrarrestar las consecuencias negativas del cambio climático antropogénico.

Las matemáticas han seguido elevando su presencia en las ciencias y en los sectores económicos, en general. Junto a las tecnologías de la información se procesan enormes volúmenes de datos que facilitan el análisis y sirven para la toma de decisiones de manera objetiva. La evasión de los riesgos agrícolas resulta una tarea de primer orden para la salvaguarda de la seguridad alimentaria y es así que la reducción de los períodos vegetativos en los cultivos, resulta una estrategia eficaz para lograrlo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las fechas en que se producen las máximas de temperatura del aire para obtener los períodos probables en que se manifiestan los valores más altos y acelerar el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo del tomate en el cantón Babahoyo, provincia Los Ríos, Ecuador. Las fechas de máxima temperatura en el aire se ubicó alrededor de la decena 7, entre el 13 y el 17 de marzo, resultados de la suma de probabilidades para un 75%. Las sumas de temperaturas obtenidas fluctúan en el rango 2170 – 2266 Grados Celsius que garantizan la aceleración del período vegetativo, pues cuentan con el 100% de la suma de probabilidades de ser alcanzadas. Observar un manejo dirigido a la selección del período de mayor temperatura reducirá los riesgos de y eventos extremos, además de disminuir los insumos en la producción agrícola, lo que aumentará la sostenibilidad del sistema.

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present work, aspects of the duration of the embryonic and larval development of the granulated cutworm Feltia subterranea Fabricius are described. The first generation of larvae was found feeding on tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at the "Las Piedras" farm in Guanabacoa, Havana, Cuba, in October 2017. For the insect rearing, larvae were transferred to the Entomology-Acarology laboratory of the National Center of Animal and Plant Health (CENSA). They were kept independently in mesh cages, and tomato seedlings of the angean variety were used for their feeding until the end of that phase. In the adult phase, females and males were independently mated and observed daily to determine the time that oviposition occurred and duration of this phase. Eggs deposited on the same day were used to determine the time taken by embryonic development, duration of the larval stage, and the number of larval stages. Embryonic development took 4 days. The eggs were always deposited in clusters on young plant leaves. The insect presented six larval stages and the larval period lasted 15 days. A gregarious behavior, more marked during the first instars, was observed during the larval phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Na safra de 2004/05 foram observados danos de Agathomerus sellatus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) na cultura do tomateiro na Região do Planalto Norte Catarinense. Neste trabalho é apresentada a descrição e os danos do inseto, com algumas indicações para o seu manejo. As larvas de A. sellatus broqueiam as hastes do tomateiro e de outras solanáceas, enquanto os adultos alimentam-se das partes verdes das plantas. A postura é endofítica e resulta em um dano característico, formado por pequenos orifícios em espiral ao redor da haste. No local da postura a haste pode quebrar com o vento, na manipulação ou devido ao peso da planta. Rotação de culturas, controle dos insetos adultos e a eliminação das plantas atacadas podem contribuir para reduzir o nível populacional da praga.

Introducción: Los brasinoesteroides (BR) y sus análogos son compuestos que han sido utilizados satisfactoriamente, a nivel internacional, en la inducción de tolerancia a estreses abióticos en las plantas. El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto que la aplicación exógena de los brasinoesteroides y sus análogos ejercían en la tolerancia de plántulas de tomate al estrés por temperaturas altas y el papel de la homeostasis de brasinoesteroides y del estrés oxidativo en dicha tolerancia. Además, determinar los efectos que los brasinoesteroides y sus análogos ejercen en el crecimiento de plantas de arroz sometidas a estrés salino, así como los principales mecanismos fisiológicos y bioquímicos asociados a esta respuesta. Métodos: Se ejecutó un experimento donde se utilizaron diferentes genotipos caracterizados por cambios genéticos que originan niveles endógenos diferentes de la castasterona. Para combinar el interés teórico con el práctico se ejecutaron experimentos con el genotipo Amalia, cultivo extendido en Cuba Para determinar la influencia que ejercía el tratamiento a las semillas con BR y sus análogos en el crecimiento de plántulas de arroz en medio salino, se ejecutaron varios experimentos en condiciones semicontroladas. Resultados: Los experimentos ejecutados demostraron que, la termotolerancia de plántulas de tomate depende de la actividad del dominio quinasa del receptor tBRI1 de los BR, así como la participación del estrés oxidativo en la termotolerancia inducida por estos compuestos. Se informó, también, que el análogo MH-5 fue más efectivo que el BB-6, en proteger a las plántulas de tomate cultivar Amalia del choque térmico. En cuanto a la protección de las plantas de arroz ante el estrés salino, se informan, por primera vez, de manera integral, las respuestas fisiológicas y bioquímicas asociadas a la protección inducida por la 24-epibrasinólida (EBL) y el Biobras-16; lo que permitió proponer un modelo de acción de la EBL en plantas de arroz sometidas a estas condiciones. Se demostró, que, aunque ambos compuestos protegieron a las plantas, las respuestas fisiológicas y bioquímicas asociadas a dicha protección son diferentes.

The study of pests of the bio destructive Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) under greenhouse tomato in the region of Hassi Ben Abdallah (31 ° 59 'N, 5 ° 26' E.) in Ouargla by pheromone traps showed that the global dynamics of populations T. absoluta 5 shows the difference in successive generations of six months is the growth cycle of tomato. There were a maximum of 765 individuals, 912 and 245 respectively in the three greenhouses studied in I .T.D.A.S. The life cycle of T. absoluta in tomato plants (T: 34 ° C H%: 50 - 60%) lasts 23.85 days: egg (6 d), L1 (3.25 d), L2 (2.7 d), L3 (2.15 d), L4 (1d) and 8.75 days the chrysalis. This pest has caused losses of up to 100% in leaves and fruits of two varieties of tomato Zahra and Nedjma in February. The infestation in Nedjma is more important than Zahra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salinity is an abiotic factor that produces a decrease in crop yields, plants respond by modifying their gene expression and inducing changes in protein synthesis. The objective was to determine the effect of Rhizophagus irregularis and NaCl on the electrophoretic pattern of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae). Tomato plants were inoculated with R. irregularis (0, 1.5 and 3 g of inoculum) and treated with 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl, for 30 days. Then, the total soluble protein content is quantified by the Bradford method and its electrophoretic pattern is evaluated by SDSPAGE on leaves and roots. The total soluble protein content in the compliant leaves increases the amount of inoculum of R. irregularis, while in the adjusted conforming roots the concentration of NaCl increases; as for its electrophoretic pattern, in leaves, a 111 kDa protein appears due to the effect of NaCl and R. irregularis; in roots a protein of 73 kDa appears; In addition, changes in the intensity of some bands in leaves and roots were observed. Possibly these changes are consequences of the alteration of protein synthesis due to the ionic and osmotic imbalance generated by NaCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restrictions about the use of chemicals have limited the availability of control measures against plant-parasitic nematodes. The search for more sustainable approaches has focused the attention on biological control agents, such as Trichoderma species. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of biopolymers for a wide range of applications. These polysaccharide-based compounds may be 20 good carriers of microbial agents or act as barriers against pathogens or pests for their ability to form coating films. In this study, we evaluated the combination of a biopolymer obtained from the leguminous plant Ceratonia siliqua and T. harzianum M10, T. atroviride P1 or T. longibrachiatum MK1, as root protector or adjuvant agents, for the management of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Coating tomato roots with the carob galactomannan biopolymer followed by soil application of selected Trichoderma strains reduced the root galling index caused by M. incognita and soil nematode population in comparison to untreated control under greenhouse conditions. 25 Scanning electron microscopy revealed that coated tomato roots were embedded within a polymeric material. The sedimentation test showed that the addition of this biopolymer retarded the tendency of Trichoderma spores to settle in the bottom of aqueous suspension. In conclusion, beneficial fungi combined or formulated with a biopolymer could represent a promising strategy to increase their activity in plant protection and enhance their proliferation or distribution into rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ein zunehmendes Problem im ökologischen, aber durch die Reduktion anwendbarer Pflanzenschutzmittel auch vermehrt im konventionellen sowie integrierten, Tomatenanbau ist die Samtfleckenkrankheit, verursacht durch den pilzlichen Erreger Fulvia fulva (syn. Passalora fulva, Cladosporium fulvum). Zur Vermeidung von Schäden durch den Erreger mit zum Teil erheblichen Ertragsausfällen wird der Anbau resistenter Sorten empfohlen. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden die monogen bedingten Resistenzen durch die Anpassung und die Bildung offensichtlich neuer Pathotypen des Erregers immer häufiger durchbrochen. Bislang liegen zum Vorkommen von Patho­typen in Deutschland keine Kenntnisse vor. Das Wissen darüber ist essentiell für eine effektive Züchtungsarbeit an neuen Tomatensorten. Das Julius Kühn-Institut hat zusammen mit dem gemein­nützigen Züchterverein Kultursaat e. V. ein im Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft (BÖLN) gefördertes Projekt konzipiert mit dem Ziel, im Pathosystem Tomate-Fulvia fulva eine neue Züchtungsstrategie zu erproben und neue Resistenzquellen zu erschließen. Ein Teil­bereich der Arbeiten befasste sich mit dem aktuellen Auftreten der Pathotypen von F. fulva in Deutschland. Es wurden diverse Isolate aus Einsendungen in eine Pathogenbank aufgenommen und die Pathotypen mit Hilfe eines Differentialsortimentes Tomate (MATREF) in Klima­kammerversuchen identifiziert. Daraus wurde eine Übersicht über das momentane räumliche Vorkommen der Pathotypen in Deutschland erstellt, die für die Züchtungsarbeit im Projekt richtungsweisend ist sowie für den Anbau in der Praxis wichtige Hinweise gibt.

Tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva (syn. Passalora fulva, Cladosporium fulvum) is an increasing problem in organically grown plants as well as in conventional and integrated cultivation, due to the reduction of applicable plant protection products. To counter the impacts on yield it is recommended to grow resistant varieties. In recent years, however, the frequency of breakdown of the monogenic resistance of these varieties has increased. To date, there is no knowledge of the occurrence of pathotypes in Germany. Nevertheless, knowledge about pathotypes is essential to conduct effective breeding work on new tomato varieties. Together with the non-profit breeders' association Kultursaat e. V., the Julius Kühn-Institute has designed a project supported by the Federal Programme "Organic Farming and Other Forms of Sustainable Agriculture". The aim of the project was to test a new breeding strategy and to select new sources of resistance. An aspect of the project concerned with the current appearance of patho types of Fulvia fulva in Germany. Various isolates from submissions were entered into a pathogen bank and to a large degree identified in climatic chamber tests using a tomato differential set (MATREF). From these results, an overwiew was created which depicts the spatial occurence of different pathotypes in Germany and contains relevant information for breeding work during the project and growing in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the development of a sorting table for agricultural products for the selection of tomatoes, potatoes or other products with approximately spherical shape, a mechanical-mathematical model and software were developed that make it possible to determine and adjust the design parameters of that sorting table. The model interrelates a set of parameters such as the coordinates of the drop point of the fruits or tubers on the conveyor belt and the angle of transverse inclination of the conveyor belt. In addition, it interrelates the rolling friction angle of the product with respect to the conveyor surface, the components of the falling speed and the linear speed of the conveyor belt, among others. The modeling was carried out applying the laws of Newtonian mechanics. The development of the software was carried out on the basis of the Mathcad 2000 Professional software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A enxertia em tomateiro é uma prática que cresce em importância para contornar problemas com fitopatógenos, salinização do solo, excessos e deficiências hídricas, plantio em épocas mais frias, entre outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e o crescimento do tomateiro ‘Paron’ quando enxertado em porta-enxertos com diferentes especificidades agronômicas, cultivados em solos sem os referidos problemas, para averiguar o efeito do enxerto e do porta-enxerto nas características avaliadas. O experimento foi conduzido de setembro de 2006 a março de 2007 em abrigo de cultivo no município de São Manuel, SP. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com nove tratamentos (pé-franco e enxerto em oito porta-enxertos) e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se o número e peso de frutos totais, peso da produção comercial, número de frutos com diâmetro maior que 70mm, perda da produção e comprimento de entrenós das plantas. A enxertia não interferiu na produção e qualidade dos frutos, mas provocou o encurtamento de entrenós da cultivar copa.

Em trabalho na Epagri/Estação Experimental de Caçador, Santa Catarina, anos agrícolas 1997/98, 1998/99 e 2001/02, se estudaram em campo quatro espaçamentos de plantio de tomate sobre o rendimento e a qualidade dos frutos: T1) 35cm entre plantas, uma planta por cova e uma haste por planta; T2) 50cm entre plantas, uma planta por cova e uma haste por planta; T3) 70cm entre plantas, uma planta por cova e duas hastes por planta; T4) 70cm entre plantas, duas plantas por cova e uma haste por planta. Para todos os tratamentos o espaçamento entre fileiras foi de 1m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. O tratamento 1 (T1) apresentou produtividade superior aos demais, seguido dos tratamentos 3 e 4 (T3 e T4). O tratamento 2 (T2) apresentou a menor produtividade, porém a maior massa média dos frutos comerciais.

Introducción: Bactericera cockerelli es un insecto que daña cultivos de solanáceas, principalmente papa (Solanum tuberosum L) y tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L). El manejo de B. cockerelli ha sido el control químico; sin embargo, se han tratado de implementar otras estrategias de control con insecticidas menos tóxicos para el medio ambiente, la salud humana e insectos no blanco. Esta implementación consiste en incluir organismos de control biológico como depredadores, parasitoides, insecticidas de origen natural y botánicos, hongos entomopatógenos e insecticidas químicos con menor impacto en fauna benéfica. Con el fin de profundizar en estas interacciones, el presente trabajo determinó la concentración letal media (CL50) de insecticidas sobre las poblaciones de B. cockerelli y su parasitoide Tamarixia triozae. Con estos datos se calculó el porcentaje de selectividad (PS) de los diferentes insecticidas con el parasitoide T. triozae. Método: Se realizaron bioensayos mediante el método de inmersión tratando de simular las aplicaciones de cobertura completa que se realizan en campo; se evaluaron seis insecticidas; Profenofos y Cipermetrina de origen organosintético; Azadiractina y AEC (Aceites esenciales de cítricos con canela y jabón de aceites vegetales) de origen botánicos; una cepa de Beauveria bassiana y otra de Metarhizium anisopliae. Con los datos obtenidos se determinó la selectividad utilizando la Proporción de Selectividad (PS), dividiendo la CL50 del producto sobre el enemigo natural entre la CL50 del producto sobre el insecto plaga, donde valores iguales o mayores a uno nos indica selectividad. Resultados: Los productos insecticidas evaluados mostraron mortalidad en B. cockerelli y su parasitoide T. triozae. La menor proporción de selectividad fue para Cipermetrina (PS = 0.01) y solo M. anisopliae mostró selectividad con T. triozae al obtener un valor de PS = 3.58. Los demás insecticidas mostraron valores de PS menores a uno por lo que se consideraron no selectivos para el parasitoide. Conclusión: Con base en los índices de selectividad, la letalidad hacia T. triozae fue mayor que a B. cockerelli. La mayor toxicidad fue en los insecticidas de origen organosintéticos, botánico y biológico en ese orden. La excepción fue la cepa de la especie Metarhizium anisopliae, que mostró selectividad (PS=3.58) hacia el parasitoide.