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Among traditional fishing families in coastal village areas in Indonesia, women play a strategic role in improving the business they are engaged in and their families' welfare. This study aimed to examine the role and involvement of women in the empowerment and improvement of the welfare of poor, traditional fishing families in coastal areas. This study employed a quantitative research method with a descriptive research type. In addition to collecting data from the results of a survey of 500 respondents, this study also collected qualitative data from the results of in-depth interviews with 25 informants. Women in traditional fishing families play a significant role in supporting the family's financial stability by doing side jobs within or outside the fisheries sector. They have become more empowered, seeking various types of work to support the family's economy. Unfortunately, they do not have long-term goals for the work in which they are involved. Most women in traditional fishing families face obstacles such as capital acquisition, marketing issues, and a strong patriarchal culture that has hampered their work opportunities and developing businesses. Keywords: Fisherwomen, Traditional fishing, Coastal communities, Family welfare, Indonesia, Women's economic empowerment, Introduction Among traditional fishing families in coastal village areas of Indonesia, women play a strategic role in increasing the welfare of the business they are engaged in, even though the [...]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of women in Terengganu's copra industry between 1900 and 1941. Coconut is one of the major crops traditionally farmed in Terengganu, and during this time period, excess coconuts were dried, smoked, and grated to become copra. In Terengganu, the copra sector was intimately linked to women, who were innovators creating a variety of coconut-based food and non-food products, including soap, cooking oil, traditional desserts, and more. Nevertheless, prior studies have mostly disregarded the creative role that women played in Terengganu's copra sector during this time. Studies on women from Terengganu have instead concentrated on handicrafts, rice farming, commerce, and fishing. This historical study highlights women's creative innovation and also examines the importance of copra as a crucial export commodity of the state. In addition to secondary sources, primary sources for this project included archival files from the State Secretary of Terengganu, CO 840/1 (Terengganu Administrative Reports, 1910-1930), CO. 840/2 (Terengganu Administrative Reports, 1931-1940), the National Archives of Malaysia, and the National Archives of Kew Garden in London. The results show that in the early 20th century, Malay women made noteworthy contributions to Terengganu's copra sector. As a result, the Terengganu government acknowledged the production of copra as a vital export during this period. Keywords: Malay women, Terengganu, Copra industry, Early-20th-century Malaya, Working women, Agriculture, Cottage Industries, Introduction This paper discusses the historical roles of women in the early-20th-century economy of the Malay Peninsula. It highlights the traditional division of tasks between men and women while emphasizing [...]

In Hong Kong, Indonesian migrant domestic workers (IMDWs) are forced to leave behind young children in their home country. Often spending the majority of their time in their employer's households, they must manage their limited personal time to maintain connections with their families back home. Many women IMDWs try to overcome distance limitations by performing transnational mothering using any available media to reach their children and to manage and witness their development. By using communication tools such as Internet-mediated calls for distance nurturing, they are able to keep up with their children's lives and monitor day-to-day developments. This research examines the role of communication technologies with an emphasis on the use of social media by women IMDWs in maintaining connections with their families back home. It examines the role social media plays in caregiving for women IMDWs, for whom the family and children's wellbeing back home are one of their most important concerns. This research incorporates netnography, which aims to understand online social interactions. The research was conducted from 2013 to 2019 physically in Hong Kong and through virtual channels. The findings indicate how social media is used as an emotional outlet by women IMDWs in Hong Kong, and how emotional care can be maintained to empower the migrant mothers. Social media and information and communication technology (ICT) have greatly improved channels of communication for IMDWs and created a new space of intimacy. Yet social media also has the possibility of creating tensions and anxiety for IMDWs. Keywords: Migrant, Mothers, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Netnography, Social Media, Introduction Migrant laborers and their activities in their host country cannot be separated from issues of gender. Migration is heavily gendered and most Indonesian migrant domestic workers (IMDWs) in Hong [...]

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology affects many aspects of women's lives. One aspect is social media which provides freedom of expression. However, women are vulnerable to becoming victims of online crime. This study sought to reveal the forms of gender-based cyber violence experienced by Indonesian women, its impact on victims, and strategies for protecting victims of gender-based cyber violence (GBCV). This study employed qualitative research methods. Informants in this study were 98 women students who experienced gender-based cyber violence. This study found various forms of GBCV experienced by victims, including being sent pornographic videos or links, invited to chat or video chat sex, invited to engage in online prostitution (Open Booking Online), forced to engage in pornographic content, asked to post a picture of the body, and threatened that a personal video will be shared to the public. Gender-based cyber violence is often accompanied by violence that victims directly experience in the real world, since most of the perpetrators are ex-boyfriends or current boyfriends. This study found that, in addition to experiencing GBCV, victims also experienced physical and/or verbal sexual violence or harassment including whistling, groping, teasing, non-consensual caressing or hugging, rape and forced sex, hearing comments about their appearance, being sent photos of sexual body parts via social media, being told jokes with sexual overtones, engaging in video chat sex, being abused while sleeping, threatened with death, cursed at, videotaped having sex, and forced to drink alcohol. Gender-based cyber violence has a negative impact with varying degrees of severity. For this reason, efforts involving various parties are needed to eliminate GBCV and all forms of gender-based violence. The handling and prevention efforts carried out by various state institutions in Indonesia also need to be supported by other parties, for example, NGOs, schools, communities, and families. The study concludes by discussing various models of protection strategies for victims of GBCV. Keywords: Gender-based cyber violence, Violence against women, Protection of victims of violence, Gender equality, Introduction The rapid advancement of information and communication technology affects many aspects of women's lives. One aspect is social media which allows women to express themselves freely. However, women are [...]

This study explains a Javanese cultural practice called ngenger--when girls volunteer to be domestic servants in exchange for educational benefits--as a form of exploitation of labor. The purpose of this study is to understand this Javanese tradition from the perspective of Gender Anthropology. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative method. The location of the study was in Surabaya and the city of Malang, East Java, and was conducted by collecting data in the form of observations and in-depth interviews. The informants for this study were girls who are domestic workers, parents of the child domestic workers, and the recipient parents of these child domestic workers. This study shows that ngenger girls employed as domestic workers are exploited since they lose almost all of their rights. The ways in which ngenger girls are exploited include having low wages, lacking bargaining power, being forced to be obedient, lacking the courage to claim their rights, not daring to complain to anyone, and continuing to serve the recipients. The condition where the ngenger girls do not have bargaining position over the recipients of their labor is precisely what makes this practice a form of exploitation. The relationship between girls and the recipient families is a patron-client relationship. The patron-client relation should be a reciprocal relationship that is mutually beneficial. A recipient patron of a ngenger girl has the responsibility to fulfill the needs of the girl as a client, and, in return, the client must give her loyalty to her patron. Patron-client relations are economic relations where profits must be achieved, which makes exploitation possible. In fact, ngenger girls do not get the fulfillment of basic needs, protection, and good education, but they still continue to be loyal to the recipient parents. This circumstance is what makes the relationship in ngenger culture an unfair and exploitative relationship. Keywords: Ngenger, Girl child domestic workers (GCDWs), Patron-client relationship, Labor exploitation, Indonesia, Introduction In Java, Indonesia, prospective girl child domestic workers (GCDWs) GCDWs are known as ngenger (Prawiroatmodjo, 1996; Sulistyo, 2006), nyuwita (Murtono, 1985), budak, abdi, rewang or emban, batur, and babu [...]

The plastic woven bag has become a symbolic representation of Indonesian women's identity since the trend increased in 2021. The plastic woven bag represents femininity and the image of women as a result of socio-cultural construction. The activity of weaving paradoxically puts women in both a central and a marginal role. The weaving industry is characterized by an increasing number of platforms for women to generate income and improve their economic welfare. Nevertheless, women are still faced with patriarchal domination, because the demands of their domestic role limit their ability to move freely in public space. Therefore, their status as homeworkers has subordinated women to the status of marginal breadwinners in the economic system. This research aims to reveal the marginalization of women in plastic woven bag SMEs (small and medium enterprises). This research also aims to analyze the environmental risks that are faced by women, families, and society due to the use of synthetic chemicals in the production of woven plastic bags. This research used the perspective of eco-feminism, Bourdieu's (1977) concept of habitus, and Ulrich Beck's concept of a risk society (2012) as analytical tools. This research used qualitative research methods, and it was conducted at SMEs (small and medium enterprises) that produce plastic woven bags in Sambirejo Village, Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The subjects in this research were women who run SMEs. This research found that the marginalization experienced by plastic woven bag craftswomen was divided into two domains--the public (Woven House) and the domestic (household). Women still perceive the practice of marginalization as normal because of their pessimistic attitude and the Javanese philosophy of 'nerimo ing pandum (accepting one's lot in life as a gift of God). This study also concludes that environmental risks include the absence of waste management and the emergence of respiratory diseases suffered by some craftswomen. Therefore, it is necessary to have government policies and environmentalists' input to overcome the health problems experienced by craftswomen of these plastic woven bags. Keywords: Marginalization of women, Homeworkers, Environmental risks, Plastic woven bags, SMEs, Indonesian women workers, Introduction Community participation in the SMEs (small and medium enterprises) sector and the role of SMEs in national economic growth is increasing (Eriza & Saragih, 2019; Halim, 2020; Huda & [...]

This special issue of the Journal of International Women's Studies gathers its articles from presentations delivered at the 2022 8th International Conference on Contemporary Social and Political Affairs on Society [...]

Efforts for empowering women have been a priority agenda in development because women make crucial contributions to society. One of the significant issues that women are well positioned to address is the stunting or impaired development of children due to poor nutrition. As this issue is a threat for national development in Indonesia, the central government has initiatives to tackle stunting, and one of these is the Sustainable Food Garden, or Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L). The innovative program is designed to prevent stunting by empowering women, which also contributes to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research is focused on the implementation of the P2L initiative in Jombang Regency in East Java, Indonesia. More specifically, it explores how the program capacity, especially at the organizational level, plays a significant role in the implementation of P2L through women's involvement in Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) or the Women Farmers' Group. The fieldwork research was performed in four KWTs villages in Kesamben District, one of the focal locations for addressing stunting and food insecurity in Jombang. By using qualitative research methods involving interviews, observation, and analysis of relevant documents, this study finds that within the implementation of the P2L program in Jombang Regency, the program capacity, especially at the organizational level has been fulfilled well. Such program capacity, which includes political capacity, analytical capacity, and operational capacity, has led stakeholders' commitment to fulfill the program's goals and objective, and above all to empower women. In this, Women Farmers' Groups (KWTs) have also contributed to improving nutrition, decreasing the prevalence of stunting in Jombang Regency, and supporting economic growth for women and families, and thus the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Keywords: Policy capacity, Program capacity, Women's empowerment, Women farmers, Sustainable food garden programs, SDGs, Stunting, Introduction Indonesia is a country where patriarchal culture remains dominant in many parts of its society. This patriarchal culture affects various areas of women's lives, including economics, education, politics, and [...]

Recent research exploring aging women's realities in rural areas has revealed how gender norms, ageism, and isolation intertwine, impacting women's lives, health, and access to services. As disadvantages and exclusion increase with age, women encounter shrinking opportunities, reinforced stereotypes, and marginalization. Especially in remote Indonesian villages, aging women lack access to healthcare, income support, and basic services compared to urban counterparts. Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 35 aging rural women in Blitar Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, this phenomenological study provides insights into the marginalization and deficient public services these women face, including worsening isolation, health issues, and instability. We found that elderly women's immersion in domestic duties makes them unaware of and unable to access important public services, such as healthcare and transportation, that could improve their situation. Though they are resilient in continuing unpaid work as their health worsens, the lack of personal time and energy due to these demanding home duties prevents access to services, including proper healthcare facilities and transportation to hospitals. Limited rural transportation and public transit further isolate immobile elderly women, constraining their access to urban health facilities and forcing reliance on family and neighbors to navigate the difficulties of getting healthcare. Though facing challenges accessing services, the women are still able to find empowerment through social groups and small-scale work that gives them pleasure. They prioritize wellness and contentment over formal employment, exhibiting resilience in self-empowering ways that enable them to address challenges. While their gender and age may reduce their dignity and agency, aging rural women can find self-empowerment by relying on each other and doing small acts of self-determination in their work. This essay explores diversities at the intersection of race, class, sexuality, and ability, thus providing nuance to inform those working in the realm of rural public services. Keywords: Intersectionality, Ageism, Aging women, Inequality, Public services, Rural communities, Healthcare access, Introduction Amid rapid economic development and urbanization, the plight of marginalized aging women in Indonesia's remote rural villages warrants urgent attention. Though integral to the social fabric as caregivers and [...]

This study describes the vulnerability of poor women when confronted with the shock of a social disaster in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite increasing vulnerabilities, poor women managed the uncertain situation by utilizing their survival skills. This study was conducted in the middle of 2020 in 22 districts of East Java Province with 457 married women from low-income families serving as respondents. Data were descriptively analyzed and presented in the form of diagrams and narratives. According to the findings of this study, women's vulnerability in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a decrease in family income and an imbalance in the domestic roles of men and women at home. Using resilience theory, this study explores how women's adaptability can help them survive in an uncertain situation. However, it was inappropriate for the government to leave these women in a subsistence economic situation; the government did not adequately support poor women through targeted and equitable social assistance programs. Following this social disaster, the role of well-targeted social assistance needs to be addressed to promote gender equality and contribute to the 2030 goals of the MDGs, which include poverty alleviation and the eradication of inequality. Keywords: Vulnerability, Poor women, Poverty, Resilience, Adaptation, Social disaster, COVID-19, Indonesia, Introduction Several studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic era revealed that women were quite capable of carrying out their roles in both the domestic and public sectors (Kusumawati, 2012; Ismanto [...]

Domestic violence is a serious social problem, and the number of domestic violence cases are increasing each year in Indonesia. This study aims to explore marital discord and types and triggers of domestic violence experienced by career women who worked from home during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). In this qualitative research, the researchers interviewed professional working women who experienced domestic violence perpetrated by their husbands in East Java. This study shows that marital discord escalated into domestic violence due to complications experienced when they were staying at home because of the lockdown. Daily engagement between husbands and wives had an impact on the rise in frequency and intensity of violence. Economic problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the occurrence of violence. In a family with an unemployed husband, the nature and forms of violence varied, including physical, economic, verbal, and psychological violence, all of which add to women's suffering. Therefore, social support mechanisms from families and communities as well as policy strategies are necessary to address domestic violence. Keywords: Career women, Domestic violence, COVID-19, Marital discord, Family, Indonesia, Introduction Domestic violence is a serious problem continuing in the 21st century. In Indonesia, the number of domestic violence cases is increasing each year. The data from the National Commission [...]

Adolescence is a time when an individual enters a new chapter of life, marked by physical and emotional changes, new lifestyle, and consumption needs. For instance, adolescent girls begin to take care of their facial skin, resulting in teenagers becoming consumers of skincare products. Easy access to many over-the-counter (OTC) skincare products, available without a doctor's prescription, makes many teenage girls less wise in determining which skincare products they truly need. The present study examines consumptive behavior and the formation of a lifestyle for adolescent girls in Jakarta, Indonesia in consuming facial care products. Using qualitative research methods, researchers conducted in-depth interviews with high school girls who use facial skin care products. The study found that adolescent girls' satisfaction with skin care products varies depending on their background. Girls tended to buy facial skin care products because they were influenced by what people in their surroundings say, rather than because they needed to. The use of these products could enhance prestige, indicating certain social values such as status or class. Jean Baudrillard's (1991) theories about the hyperreal and postmodern consumer society were used to analyze the results. The research concluded that: 1) The number of new skin care products made adolescent girls increasingly likely to consume these products, and their desires were recast as 'needs' due to their expectations; 2) Information technology and social media, mass media, ease of access to products, and the influence of the adolescent community in the city of Jakarta made adolescent girls consume skin care products excessively in pursuit of being beautiful; and 3) Adolescent girls who used skin care products were categorized into three groups regarding their choices, namely irrational teenagers, potentially rational teenagers, and rational teenagers. Keywords: Consumer behavior, Adolescents, Young women, Lifestyle, Skincare, Beauty industry, Indonesia, Consumer capitalism, Introduction The changes that teenagers experience in their physical appearance at the onset of adolescence often move teen girls to try to improve and beautify their appearances with their style [...]

This study investigates the impact of the current situation of violence against women in Turkiye on women's daily lives and women's perceptions and evaluations of the current situation. The study was conducted through interviews with semi-structured questions with 15 female university students aged between 20-25. Firstly, it was concluded that the current situation of violence against women affects the participants' feelings, behaviors, family, and dating relationships in their daily lives. Secondly, their perceptions of violence against women, their evaluations of policies and sanctions, and their suggestions for combating violence against women were shed light. Keywords: violence against women, Turkiye, daily life, fear, insecurity. Bu calismada, Turkiye'de kadina yonelik siddetin mevcut durumunun kadinlarin gunluk yasamlarina etkisini ve kadinlarin mevcut duruma iliskin algi ve degerlendirmeleri incelenmektedir. Arastirma, yaslari 20-25 arasinda degisen 15 universiteli kadin ogrenciyle yari yapilandirilmis sorularla yapilan gorusmeler yoluyla gerceklestirilmistir. oncelikle, kadina yonelik siddetin mevcut durumunun katilimcilarin gunluk yasamlarindaki duygu, davranis, aile ve flort iliskilerini etkiledigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Ikinci olarak, katilimcilarin kadina yonelik siddete iliskin algilarina, politika ve yaptirimlara iliskin degerlendirmelerine, kadina yonelik siddetle mucadeleye yonelik onerilerine isik tutulmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: kadina yonelik siddet, Turkiye, gundelik yasam, korku, guvensizlik., Introduction Violence against women is an essential social problem in Turkiye. According to a recent study, 72 percent of the participants stated that one of the biggest problems experienced in [...]

(Online) Sex work is a hot topic in feminist literature which is mainly studied with respect to two perspectives towards sex work: oppression and empowerment. This study aims to understand 'How online sex work of women on OnlyFans can be interpreted and try to understand if OnlyFans can be explained through the perspectives of victimization and empowerment. For this purpose, this paper will provide a theoretical discussion about two main debates (oppression and empowerment) in the literature; be analyzed by taking OnlyFans as a case. Study results show that women's online sex work experience cannot be explained purely by oppression or empowerment paradigms, instead coexistence of oppression or empowerment should be taken into account. Secondly, emphasizing only the oppression or empowerment paradigm underestimates women's differences that directly affect women's online sex work experiences. Thus, intersectional analyses that are taken into women's age, race, and gender considerations are necessary in order to understand women's OnlyFans experiences. Last but not least, women's experiences of online sex work can change according to the motivation behind being a sex worker in OnlyFans. Keywords: OnlyFans, online sex work, women, empowerment, oppression, descriptive literature analysis. (cevrimici) Seks isi, feminist literaturde genellikle iki perspektife dayali olarak incelenen bir konudur: baski ve guclenme. Bu calisma, 'OnlyFans uzerindeki kadinlarin cevrimici seks isi nasil yorumlanabilir ve OnlyFans'in magduriyet ve guclenme perspektifleri araciligiyla aciklanip aciklanamayacagini anlamaya yoneliktir. Bu amacla, bu makale, literaturdeki iki ana tartisma (baski ve guclenme) hakkinda teorik bir tartisma sunacak ve bunu bir vaka olarak ele alarak analiz edecektir. calisma sonuclari, kadinlarin cevrimici seks isi deneyiminin sadece baski veya guclenme paradigmalariyla aciklanamayacagini, bunun yerine baski veya guclenmenin bir arada var oldugunun goz onune alinmasi gerektigini gostermektedir. Ikinci olarak, sadece baski veya guclenme paradigmasina vurgu yapmak, kadinlarin cevrimici seks isi deneyimlerini dogrudan etkileyen kadinlarin farkliliklarini kucumsemektedir. Bu nedenle, kadinlarin OnlyFans deneyimlerini anlamak icin kadinlarin yas, irk ve cinsiyet gibi demografik degiskenleri iceren kesisimsel analizlere ihtiyac vardir. Son olarak, kadinlarin cevrimici seks isi deneyimleri kadinlarin bu isi hangi motivasyonun ile yaptiklarina bagli olarak degiskenlik gostermektedir. Anahtar Kelimelers: OnlyFans, cevrimici seks isi, baski, guclenme, betimleyici literatur analizi., Introduction OnlyFans is relatively a new online space and studies concerning this platform are mushrooming. Launched in 2016, OnlyFans is a subscription-based social media platform where users can sell and/or [...]

Bu calisma, Marmaris'e turizm sektorunde calismak icin gelen yerli ve yabanci gocmen kadinlarin basta calisma kosullari olmak uzere sektorde yasadiklari deneyimleri ortaya koymak icin tasarlanmistir. Gocun kadinlasmasi ve kesisimsel feminizm yaklasimlarindan yola cikilan bu calismada saha verileri icin nitel arastirma imk nlarindan faydalanilmis ve yedisi yabanci uyruklu on biri yerli on sekiz gocmen kadinla derinlemesine gorusmeler gerceklestirilmistir. Elde edilen veriler, tematik analiz teknigi ile analiz edilmis ve 'sektorde yerli veya yabanci gocmen kadin olmak', 'emek yogun is yasami ve deneyimler', 'farkli cografyalardan bir araya gelen kadinlar' olmak uzere uc alt tema altinda yorumlanmistir. Arastirmanin sonucunda, gocmen kadinlarin deneyimlerinin kimi noktada esitlendigi; kimi noktada yerli ve yabanci olmanin sektordeki deneyimlerin farklilasmasini beraberinde getirdigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gocun Kadinlasmasi, Kadin Emegi, Turizm Sektoru, Kesisimsel Feminizm, Marmaris. This study is designed to reveal the experiences of migrant women, both local and foreign, who come to Marmaris to work in the tourism sector, focusing primarily on their working conditions. Using the frameworks of feminization of migration and intersectional feminism, the study utilized qualitative research methods for field data. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of eighteen migrant women, including seven foreign nationals and eleven locals. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques and interpreted under three sub-themes: 'being a local or foreign migrant woman in the sector,' 'labor-intensive work life and experiences,' and 'women coming from different geographies.' The results of the research indicate that the experiences of migrant women are similar in some aspects, while being local or foreign brings about differences in experiences within the sector. Keywords: Feminisation of Migration, Women's Labour, Sector of Tourism, Intersectional Feminism, Marmaris., Giris Dunya nufusunun yarisini olusturan kadinlarin formel sektor soz konusu oldugunda hem emeklerinin karsiligini alamadiklari hem de toplumsal cinsiyet ayrimciligi nedeniyle coklu ezilme bicimlerini deneyimledikleri bilinmektedir. ustelik bu dinamiklere kuresel [...]

Asli Kotaman (2023). Sanatin Erkeksiz Tarihi. Istanbul: Karakarga Yayinlari ss. 269. ISBN: 978-625-8360-49-3 'Tanri seni olaganustu yetenekli bir ressam olarak yaratti ve tanri seni bir kadin olarak yaratti. Bu cok [...]

Genesis 34, an obscure narrative in the Torah, tells the story of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah. The biblical story unfolds as Dinah goes out to see the local girls, a seemingly innocent act, and her life is thrown into darkness when Shechem, the prince of the land, harasses her. The following chain of events involves Dinah's brothers, Simeon and Levi, and their cunning deception of Shechem and his clan, revenge, and confrontation with their father, Jacob. This study examines the complex layers of Genesis 34, exploring its disconnection from the broader Genesis narrative and the absence of moral clarity or divine presence in the text. The narrative raises unanswered questions about Dinah's fate, the consequences of vengeance on Shechem, and God's silence throughout the events. Including this story in Bible has puzzled early commentators, prompting them to reflect on the moral lesson and overall message intended to be drawn from it. The article has two parts. The first part analyses the sources from the period between 1000 and 1300 CE that mentions the story of Dinah and gives an idea about the interpretations and reflections of this episode in the Bible at that time. In the second part, the study analyses the illustrations of Dinah in the Middle Byzantine Octateuch manuscripts, shedding light on the visual interpretations and representations of the story in the context of medieval art. As the study progresses, it attempts to unravel the mystery surrounding Dinah's story, exploring its significance, moral implications and potential cultural or historical implications. The juxtaposition of textual and visual analyses adds depth to the exploration of this biblical narrative and invites readers to reflect on the ongoing enigma of Genesis 34 and its complex lessons. Keywords: Byzantine art, Byzantine manuscripts, Octateuchs, Old Testamanet women. Lea'nin Kizi Dinah: Oktateukhos El Yazmalarinda Yaratilis 34'un Bilinmeyen Varyasyonlari Tevrat'ta anlasilmasi guc bir anlati olan Yaratilis 34, Yakup ve Lea'nm kizi Dinah'in hik yesini anlatir. Kutsal Kitap'ta gecen hik ye Dinah'in gorunuste masum bir hareket gibi gorunen yerel kizlari gormek icin disari cikmasi ve devaminda ulkenin prensi Shechem'in onu taciz etmesiyle hayatinin karanliga donusmesiyle gelisir. Bunu izleyen olaylar zinciri, Dinah'i kardesleri Simeon ve Levi'nin Shechem ve halkini kurnazca aldatmalarini, intikamlarini ve babalari Yakup'la yuzlesmelerini icerir. Bu calisma, Yaratilis 34'un karmasik katmanlarini inceleyerek, daha genis Yaratilis anlatisindan kopuklugunu ve metinde ahlaki netlik veya ilahi varligin yoklugunu arastirmaktadir. Anlati, Dinah'in kaderi, Sekem'den alinan intikamin sonuclan ve olaylar boyunca Tanri'nin sessizligi hakkinda cevaplanmamis sorular ortaya cikarmaktadir. Bu hik yenin Kutsal Yazilar'da yer almasi eski yorumcularin kafasini karistirmis, onlari bu hik yeden cikarilmasi amaclanan ahlaki ders ve genel mesaj uzerinde dusunmeye itmistir. Makale iki bolumden olusmaktadir. Ilk bolumde, MS 1000 ve 1300 yillari arasinda Dinah'in oykusunden bahseden donem kaynaklari incelenerek, o donemde Kutsal Kitap'taki bu bolumun yorumlari ve yansimalari hakkinda fikir verilmektedir. Ikinci bolumde ise calisma, Orta Bizans Oktateukhos el yazmalarindaki Dinah resimleri analiz ederek, Orta cag sanati baglaminda hik yenin gorsel yorumlarina ve temsillerine isik tutmaktadir. calisma ilerledikce, Dinah'in hikayesini cevreleyen gizemi cozmeye calismakta, onemini, ahlaki cikarimlarini ve potansiyel kulturel veya tarihsel etkilerini arastirmaktadir. Metinsel ve gorsel analizlerin yan yana getirilmesi, bu Kutsal Kitap anlatisinin arastirilmasina derinlik katmakta ve okuyuculari Yaratilis 34'un suregelen muammasi ve icerdigi zor dersler uzerinde dusunmeye davet etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bizans Sanati, Bizans el yazmalari, Oktateukhos El Yazmalari, Tevrat kadinlari., Introduction Although much has been written about it, Genesis 34, like many stories in the Torah, is an undecipherable text. There is no explicit reference to Genesis 34 in the [...]

19. yuzyildan gunumuze kadar uzanan feminist hareket, kadinlara yonelik her turlu esitsizligi ortadan kaldirmayi, boylece kadinlarin siyasi esitlik, egitime adil erisim ve esit ucret gibi bircok alanda haklarini elde etme mucadelesini amaclar. Bu talepler feminist hareketin kokenindeki temel gucleri olusturmaktadir. 21. yuzyilin onemli postkolonyal teorisyenlerinden olan Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi Bhabha ve Edward Said ise feminizm hareketinin yalnizca Batili beyaz kadinlarin hak ve ozgurlukleri icin mucadele ettigini, Afrikali siyahi kadinlarin irkcilik, otekilestirme, cinsiyet ayrimciligi, izolasyon ve egitimde esitsizlik gibi konularda yasadigi sikintilari ele almada ve bunlarla mucadele etmede yetersiz kaldigina vurgu yaparlar. Sozu edilen kuramcilar, Bati feminizm hareketinin evrensel oldugu fikrini reddederek asil meselenin ucuncu dunya ulkelerinde yasayan kadinlarin yasadigi dramlari duyurmak oldugunu belirtirler. cagdas Fransiz postkolonyal feminist edebiyatinin onde gelen isimlerinden Calixthe Beyala da eserlerinde Afrikali kadinin sesini duyurmasi acisindan dikkat ceker. Yazar pek cok romaninda ask, kimlik arayisi, goc, kadin bedeni, cinsellik ve ataerkil sistem gibi kadin sorunlarini isler. Bu calismanin amaci, literatur taramasi yontemiyle postkolonyal feminizm baglaminda Beyala'nin Femme nue femme noire adli romaninda ataerkil annelik, kadin gucu ve kadin bedeni temalarini analiz etmektir. calismada, ozellikle siyahi kadinlarin kendi deneyimlerini ortaya cikarma cesaretini gostermeleri gerektigi, ikincil konumundan kurtularak ozgun ve bagimsizliklari icin mucadele etmeleri gerektigi sonucuna varilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Literatur taramasi, feminist hareket, postkolonyal feminizm, postkolonyal teorisyenler, Calixthe Beyala. The feminist movement, which has spanned from the 19th century to the present day, aims to eliminate all forms of inequality against women and thus fight for women's rights in many areas such as political equality, fair access to education and equal pay. These demands form the fundamental driving forces behind the feminist movement. 21st century post-colonial theorists such as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi Bhabha and Edward Said emphasize that the feminist movement has only fought for the rights and freedoms of white Western women and has failed to address and combat the problems of black African women including racism, marginalization, gender discrimination, isolation, and educational inequality. These theorists reject the notion of Western feminism as universal and emphasize the need to highlight the struggles of women living in third world countries. Calixthe Beyala, a leading figure in contemporary French postcolonial feminist literature, is notable for giving voice to African women in her works. In many of her novels, the author deals with women's issues such aslove, thesearchfor identity, migration, the female body, sexuality and the patriarchal system. The aim of this study is to analyze the themes of patriarchal motherhood, female power, and the female body in Beyala's novel Femme nue femme noire within the context of postcolonial feminism, using a literature review method. The study concludes that Black women, in particular, need to have the courage to reveal their own experiences, to break free from their secondary position, and to fight for their individuality and independence. Keywords: Literature review, feminist movement, postcolonial feminism, postcolonial theorists, Calixthe Beyala., Giris 19. yuzyildan gunumuze kadar uzanan donemde kadinlar, feminist harekette yer alarak siyasette, egitimde ve calisma hayatinda erkeklerle esit haklara sahip olabilmek icin cesitli mucadeleler vermislerdir. ornegin; 19. yuzyilin sonu [...]

Dunyada insan nufusunun, sanayilesmenin ve kentlesmenin hizla artmasina bagli olarak, ortaya cikan dogal kaynaklarin duzensiz kullanildigi sinirsiz uretim ve tuketim faaliyetleri, bircok cevre sorunlarina yol acmistir. Doganin tahrip edilmesi, ekolojik krizler gibi insanligin karsi karsiya kaldigi, gelecek nesilleri tehdit eden cevre sorunlarinin onlenebilmesi icin surdurulebilir kalkinmanin tamamlayici konumunda degerlendirilen yesil ekonomi modelinde yesil yakali isler karakterize edilerek yeni girisimcilik faaliyetleri ortaya cikmistir. Bu noktada ozellikle dunya nufusunun yarisini olusturan ve cevre bilincinin gelismesinin ilk asamasi olan cevre farkindaliginin olusmasindaki onemli rollerinden dolayi kadinlarin, bir ulkenin kalkinmasinda itici guc kabul edilen girisimcilik faaliyetlerinde yer almasi ve desteklenmesi ayri bir onem teskil etmektedir. Bu calisma, surdurulebilir kalkinma surecinde yesil ekonomide kadin girisimcilerin rollerini aciklamaya yonelik literatur incelemesi sunmayi amaclamaktadir. Bu amac dogrultusunda, nitel bir arastirma olarak tasarlanan calismada ilgili konu uzerine tanimlayici uluslararasi ve ulusal literatur arastirmasi yapilmistir. Veri toplama yontemi olarak dokuman analiz teknigi kullanilmistir. calisma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular isiginda, genel olarak kadinlarin, surdurulebilir kalkinma surecinde yesil ekonomide girisimcilik faaliyetlerinde yer alabilmesi icin karar alicilar ve uygulayicilar tarafindan yuksek teknolojiye erisime izin veren yesil buyume politikalarin olusturulmasi, egitim almasi ve becerilerinin gelistirmesi uzerine yatirimlarin yapilmasi, surdurulebilir kalkinmanin gerceklestirilmesinde yesil ekonomik buyumede onemli bir rol oynamaktadir. Keywords: Surdurulebilir kalkinma, yesil ekonomi, girisimcilik, kadin girisimciligi, yesil buyume politikalari. Due to the rapid increase in human population, industrialization, and urbanization in the world, unlimited production and consumption activities, in which natural resources are used irregularly, have led to many environmental problems. New entrepreneurial activities have emerged by characterizing green-collar jobs in the green economy model, which is considered to be complementary to sustainable development to prevent environmental problems that threaten future generations, such as the destruction of nature and ecological crises that humanity faces. At this point, it is of particular importance that women, who make up half of the world's population and play an important role in the formation of environmental awareness, which is the first stage in the development of environmental awareness, take part in and support entrepreneurship activities, which are considered a driving force in the development of a country. This study aims to provide a literature review to explain the role of women entrepreneurs in the green economy in the process of sustainable development. In line with this purpose, this qualitative study was conducted descriptive international and national literature research on the relevant subject. Document analysis technique was used as the data collection method. In light of the findings obtained as a result of the study, in general, for women to take part in entrepreneurial activities in the green economy in the process of sustainable development, decision-makers and practitioners should establish green growth policies that allow access to high technology, make investments in education and vocational development, and play an proactive role in green economic growth in realizing sustainable development. Keywords: Sustainable development, green economy, entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurship, green growth policies., Giris Yesil ekonomi, kuresel ekonomi icin surdurulebilir kalkinmanin mevcut yonelimi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Son on yilda iklim degisikliginin etkileri ile ekonomik ve ekolojik sorunlarin bas gostermesi neticesinde, yesil ekonomiye gecisi [...]

Giris Doga en genel tanimiyla; insanin direkt etkisinden bagimsiz olarak kendini surekli yenileyebilen canli ve cansiz varliklar butunudur. Doganin varolusu her ne kadar insan etkisinden bagimsiz olsa da insan ve [...]

Being a girl in a media-saturated world is one of the hardest situations. Young girls coming of age are bombarded by media feeds that urge them to follow behavioral patterns set by patriarchal culture. Offered as a manual on how to behave like a 'good girl,' these patterns direct young girls' energies towards unattainable ideals they try to live up to throughout their lives. They also offer girls a narrow perspective through which to view life and their identities. This distorted lens foregrounds some aspects of a woman's life while downplaying others. It gradually naturalizes some patterns as the dominant socio-cultural norms that define a woman. Meanwhile, it punishes those resisting these current patterns and makes an 'other' out of them. As a costly charge, young girls join the game and conform to the norms. Such adjustment puts such undue pressure on the girls that they eventually feel worn out. For those who refuse to conform, the situation is by far worse. Labeled unwomanly, these girls are excluded not only by society but also by their fellow women. Since they look different, these girls are treated as traitors and otherized as infidels, despite all the social and educational success they may have achieved. Keywords: Otherization, Stereotypes, Patriarchy, Body Image, The Infidel 'I' I could make days night, standing Before a mirror doing my hair up, Dressing up like a doll and then Happily arranging a date or two. I [...]

Racism and the Making of Gay Rights: A Sexologist, His Student, and the Empire of Queer Love. By Laurie Marhoefer. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2022. Pp. 334. $34.95 (paper); [...]

Queer Career: Sexuality and Work in Modern America. By Margot Canaday. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2023. Pp. 312. $39.95 (cloth); $35.00 (e-book). Margot Canaday's first book, The Straight State [...]

Queer Natures, Queer Mythologies. By Sam See. Edited by Christopher Looby and Michael North. New York: Fordham University Press, 2020. Pp. 336. $115.00 (cloth); $33.00 (paper); $32.99 (e-book). This book [...]

Queer Encounters with Communist Power: Non-heterosexual Lives and the State in Czechoslovakia, 1948-1989. By Vera Sokolova. Prague: Karolinum Press, 2021. Pp. 250. $20.00 (paper); $11.00 (e-book). The scholarship on sexuality [...]

Bad Gays: A Homosexual History. By Huw Lemmey and Ben Miller. London: Verso, 2022. Pp. 357. $39.95 (cloth); $25.95 (paper); $13.99 (e-book). In order for the 'history of sexuality' to [...]