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Se presentan los resultados de relevamientos de pequeños roedores en 39 sitios a lo largo de la carretera Iquitos-Nauta (Perú) entre 2002 y 2005. El esfuerzo total de captura fue de 18.081 trampas-noches con trampas Sherman, 19.271 con Tomahawk, 591 con trampas de caída y 287 con Sherman y Tomahawk colocadas en altura. Los muestreos se realizaron en tres tipos de ambientes: bosque primario y secundario y área rural. Los resultados se presentan por especies; indicando su distribución, localidades de registro e historia natural. El mayor éxito de captura se obtuvo en las trampas colocadas en altura (3,83%), seguido por las trampas de caída (2,71%) y en el suelo (1,74%), lo que refleja el grado de actividad de las especies en el dosel en la Amazonía. Se colectaron 685 ejemplares pertenecientes a 25 especies, 13 géneros y tres familias; además se incluye el tratamiento de 14 especies como registros adicionales. Los resultados indican que el área se puede considerar como una zona de alta diversidad de especies, haciéndose fundamental la preservación del ambiente por ser una zona altamente presionada por la agricultura y extracción de madera, afectando en consecuencia la riqueza de especies y la dinámica de sus poblaciones. The results from surveys of small rodent carried out in 39 collecting sites along the Iquitos-Nauta Highway (Perú), between 2002 and 2005, are presented. Total capture effort was of 18,081 night traps using Sherman traps, 19,271 with Tomahawk, 591 with pitfall traps, and 287 with arboreal traps (Sherman and Tomahawk). The surveys were carried out in three types of environments: primary and secondary forest, and rural area. The results are presented by species indicating distribution, collecting localities, and information about natural history. The greatest capture success was obtained in the arboreal traps (3.83%), followed by the pitfall traps (2.71%), and the traps placed on the ground (1.74%), reflecting the degree of activity of the species in the Amazon canopy. Six hundred and eighty-five rodents, belonging to 25 species, 13 genera, and three families were collected; additionally, information from other 14 species are added in additional records. These results indicate that the studied area can be considered as an area with great diversity of species, being important its conservation, because it is very affected by the increase of the population, agriculture, and the use of wood, which has a negative effect on the species richness and the population dynamics. Fil: Díaz, María Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Programa de Investigación de Biodiversidad Argentina; Argentina

Global warming, coupled with habitat destruction and human activity, are accelerating the rates of species extinction worldwide. Species-extinction risk assessment using the IUCN Red List categories, together with the study of the spatial patterns of biodiversity, are fundamental approaches for identifying conservation priorities and targeting government decisions to mitigate impacts on biodiversity. Here, we analyzed the geographic distribution of Argentinean species of Brassicaceae using species point distributional data. In this way, we classified species following the IUCN threat categories at a regional level, and analyzed patterns of richness, endemism, and threat on the different ecoregions and biomes of the country. In addition, we also explored differences in elevation, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and aridity between endemic vs. non-endemic and threatened vs. non-threatened species. The results showed that of the 162 Argentinean taxa, 58 species were here categorized as threatened (VU, EN, or CR) (36%). However, when only endemics are considered, more than half of these (33 spp, 57%) are threatened. Although species inhabit all environments and biogeographic regions of the country, arid to semi-arid areas, which are associated to the Andes and the Patagonian Steppe, contained most of the species. Specifically, the Central Andean Puna and the Patagonian Steppe ecoregions included the greatest number of species, endemics, and threatened species. Furthermore, different hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat were detected along Andean regions and the Patagonian steppe, and endemics were characterized by inhabiting on average drier areas than non-endemic native species. An up-to-date species list, including conservation status, distribution maps for all species, hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat, are also provided. This work seeks to contribute to the knowledge on geographical patterns of the Argentinean flora and its conservation, complementing the information published in the Flora of Argentina.p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; color: #000000; line-height: 115%; text-align: left; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background: transparent }p.western { font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; so-language: en-US }p.cjk { font-family: "Noto Serif CJK SC"; font-size: 12pt; so-language: zh-CN }p.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Devanagari"; font-size: 12pt; so-language: hi-IN }a:visited { color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline }a:link { color: #000080; text-decoration: underline } El calentamiento global junto con la destrucción de hábitats y la actividad humana están acelerando las tasas de extinción de especies en todo el mundo. La evaluación del riesgo de extinción de especies utilizando las categorías de la Lista Roja de la UICN, junto con el estudio de los patrones espaciales de la diversidad biológica, son enfoques fundamentales para determinar las prioridades de conservación y orientar las decisiones gubernamentales para mitigar los impactos en la diversidad biológica. En este trabajo analizamos la distribución geográfica de las especies argentinas pertenecientes a la familia Brassicaceae utilizando datos precisos sobre la distribución de las especies. De esta forma, determinamos su clasificación en las categorías de amenaza de la UICN a nivel regional, y analizamos los patrones de riqueza, endemismo y amenaza en las diferentes ecorregiones y biomas del país. Además, exploramos las diferencias en elevación, temperatura media anual, precipitación anual y aridez entre especies endémicas vs. no endémicas y amenazadas vs. no amenazadas. Los resultados muestran que de los 162 taxones argentinos, 58 especies fueron categorizadas aquí como amenazadas (VU, EN, o CR) (36%). Sin embargo, cuando se consideran sólo los endemismos, más de la mitad de las especies endémicas (33 spp, 57%) están amenazadas. Aunque las especies habitan en todos los ambientes y regiones biogeográficas del país, las zonas áridas y semiáridas asociadas a los Andes y la Estepa Patagónica contuvieron la mayoría de las especies. En particular, las ecorregiones de la Puna Central Andina y la Estepa Patagónica incluyeron el mayor número de especies, especies endémicas y especies amenazadas. A lo largo de las regiones andinas y de la estepa patagónica se detectaron diferentes zonas de elevada riqueza, endemismo y amenaza; las especies endémicas se caracterizaron por habitar zonas en promedio más secas que las especies nativas no endémicas. También se proporciona una lista actualizada de las especies con el estado de conservación, mapas de distribución de todas las especies y puntos de elevada riqueza, endemismo y amenaza. Este trabajo tiene por objeto contribuir al conocimiento de los patrones geográficos de la flora Argentina y a su conservación, complementando la información publicada en la Flora de la Argentina. Fil: Salariato, Diego Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina Fil: Zuloaga, Fernando Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina

The light that emerges from a biological entity is relevant from many aspects. In thefirst place, it allows the construction of the organism?s image and consequently itis responsible for visual perception and communication. Secondly, it can becomean important tool in obtaining both physiological and chemical information fromthe observed entity, in a non-destructive way. When an organism is illuminated,the non-absorbed energy emerges as transmitted or reflected light. Additionally,fluorescence, phosphorescence or bioluminescence may be emitted. In ourresearch group, we have studied and modelled the light released as reflectanceand fluorescence for different biological systems like flowers, fruits, plant leaves,canopies, bird?s plumage and amphibians. In this review, we present the advances we have made in this area. They rangefrom the development of theoretical approaches to the implementation of optical methodologies for practical applications.The analysis of light interaction with biological material, which is the domain of biophotonics, has recently acquired greatimportance in view of the increasing use of optical techniques to the study of living tissues. However, the interpretationof the photophysical and spectroscopic properties of these systems is usually complicated by several factors: elevatedchromophore?s concentration, optical inhomogeneity, multi-scattering of photons and presence of multi-layered structuresin most cases. Because of these, the accurate modelling of the interaction with light helps to avoid artifacts and to betterinterpret the processes that take place. Physical models used in the analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves andcanopies with application in remote sensing, optical methodologies for food control and quantification of fluorescence in vivofor evaluation of its biological relevance are examples of the use of the emission of light and will be presented in this review. Fil: Lagorio, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina Fil: Cordon, Gabriela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina Fil: Iriel, Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentina Fil: Romero, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina Fil: Faivovich, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina Fil: Taboada, Carlos. University of Duke; Estados Unidos

El Guigna Leopardus guigna es un félido endémico de los Bosques Templados Valdivianos, en Argentina y Chile, y de la ecoregión Matorral Chileno en Chile. Este felino de pequeño tamaño (1.6-2.5 kg) es uno de los miembros menos conocidos de la Familia, y categorizado como Vulnerable a la extinción. En este trabajo, presentamos nuevos registros indudables en el Parque Nacional Los Alerces, provincia del Chubut, Argentina, el área Protegida más austral con registros fehacientes de la especie. El primero corresponde a un individuo encontrado muerto el 6 de junio de 2019 en la costa del río Frey, cerca del embalse Amutui Quimei. El segundo fue un individuo capturado casualmente en una trampa para visón Neovison vison el 7 de diciembre de 2019 en el lago Menéndez. Ambos registros ocurrieron en bosques de Nothofagus muy cerca de cursos de agua. Para mantener una población viable de Guigna a largo plazo, se deben establecer corredores entre las áreas protegidas, particularmente en hábitats dominados por la presencia y actividades humanas. Creemos que es necesario un mayor trabajo de campo en las áreas protegidas y entre ellas, para contribuir al conocimiento ecológico de esta especie. The Guigna Leopardus guigna is an endemic felid of the Valdivian Temperate Forests in Argentna and Chile, and of the Chilean Matorral ecoregion. It is a small-sized felid (1.6–2.5 kg), one of the least known wild felids, and categorized as Vulnerable to extncton. Here, we present two new reliable records in Los Alerces Natonal Park, Chubut Province, Argentna, the southernmost protected area, in which the species is present. The frst record is an individual found dead on 6 June 2019 on the bank of Frey River near Amutui Quimei Lake. The second record was an individual casually captured in an American Mink Neovison vison cage on 7 December 2019 near Menéndez Lake. Both records were in forested Nothofagus sites very nearby to watercourses. In order to maintain viable long-term Guigna populatons, corridors between protected areas should be established, partcularly in habitat dominated by human presence and actvites. We strongly recommend further feldwork in protected areas and between them to increase the knowledge about the distributon, habitat use, and ecology of the Guigna. Fil: Guerisoli, Maria de Las Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina Fil: Schiaffini, Mauro Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentina Fil: Bauer, Gabriel. Administración de Parques Nacionales; Argentina

Habitat disturbance, a common consequence of anthropogenic land use practices, creates human–animal interfaces where humans, wildlife, and domestic species can interact. These altered habitats can influence host–microbe dynamics, leading to potential downstream effects on host physiology and health. Here, we explored the effect of ecological overlap with humans and domestic species and infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis on the bacteria of black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), a key sentinel species, in northeastern Argentina. Fecal samples were screened for Giardia duodenalis infection using a nested PCR reaction, and the gut bacterial community was characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Habitat type was correlated with variation in A. caraya gut bacterial community composition but did not affect gut bacterial diversity. Giardia presence did not have a universal effect on A. caraya gut bacteria across habitats, perhaps due to the high infection prevalence across all habitats. However, some bacterial taxa were found to vary with Giardia infection. While A. caraya's behavioral plasticity and dietary flexibility allow them to exploit a range of habitat conditions, habitats are generally becoming more anthropogenically disturbed and, thus, less hospitable. Alterations in gut bacterial community dynamics are one possible indicator of negative health outcomes for A. caraya in these environments, since changes in host–microbe relationships due to stressors from habitat disturbance may lead to negative repercussions for host health. These dynamics are likely relevant for understanding organism responses to environmental change in other mammals.

Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis is a commercially important perciform fish caught as bycatch by trawlers throughout its latitudinal distribution range (from 23° S in Brazil to 47° S in Argentina). It is associated with the catches of Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi and Patagonian red shrimp Pleocticus muelleri in San Matías Gulf (SMG). The main objective of this study was to describe the first data on the growth of this species in SMG and to compare the results with available information for other areas of the Argentine Continental Shelf (ACS). The study was carried out using 294 specimens (196 females, 97 males and one of indeterminate sex) collected over four non-consecutive years from commercial/recreational fishing and during research cruises. The age of individuals was determined by reading and counting opaque-hyaline rings on the sagittae otoliths. The maximum ages observed were 14 years for females and 12 years for males. Growth parameters were estimated using the von Bertalanffy mode. Significant differences in L∞ parameter between sexes were found (L∞ males = 54.58 cm; L∞ females = 78.31 cm, p < 0.05). Growth parameters were different from those determined in previous studies for the ACS. Fil: López, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge; Argentina Fil: Ocampo Reinaldo, Matías. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". - Provincia de Río Negro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina Fil: Rodrigues, Karina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Rico, Maria Rita. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Sáez, Margarita. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: González, Raul Alberto Candido. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". - Provincia de Río Negro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni"; Argentina

Understanding phenotypic plasticity of species at different spatial scales is vital in the current context of an increasing pace of environmental changes. Through this knowledge, it is possible to predict their potential to adapt and/or evolve in face of new environmental conditions such as climate change, and/or to understand their ecological range expansion. In Patagonian rocky salt-marshes, one of the most abundant invertebrate species is the scorched mussel Perumytilus purpuratus. In this system, this mussel can be found inhabiting both vegetated and non-vegetated patches, which differ in critical environmental conditions. We performed a field study evaluating whether mussels growing in vegetated patches differ in shell shape from those growing in adjacent non-vegetated patches. We sampled individuals from both patch types and assessed their shell shape and size using geometric morphometrics. The results showed that mussels from vegetated patches had shells that were more dorsoventrally expanded, anterodorsally restricted and globose in shape than those from non-vegetated patches, which showed the opposite traits resulting in a more elongated shell. The differences found could be driven by the different conditions of temperature, desiccation rate, wave action and population density to which mussels are exposed in each patch type. These results revealed the striking phenotypic plasticity of shell form of this native species at a fine-grained scale, which could be one of the explanations for its success in its ecological range expansion. Poder comprender la plasticidad fenotípica de las especies, a diferentes escalas espaciales, es fundamental en un contexto de crecientes cambios ambientales. A través de este conocimiento, es posible predecir su potencial para adaptarse y/o evolucionar frente a nuevas condiciones ambientales tales como el cambio climático, y/o entender el modo en el que se expanden o expandieron sus rangos ecológicos. En las marismas rocosas patagónicas, una de las especies de invertebrados marinos más abundantes es el mejillín Perumytilus purpuratus. En este sistema, se lo encuentra en parches vegetados y sin vegetación que difieren en condiciones ambientales críticas. Mediante un estudio a campo, evaluamos si los mejillines que crecen en parches vegetados difieren en la forma de la concha de aquéllos que crecen en parches adyacentes sin vegetación. Para ello, se colectaron individuos de ambos tipos de parches y se evaluó la forma y el tamaño de las valvas utilizando morfometría geométrica. Los resultados mostraron que los mejillines de parches con vegetación presentan conchas más expandidas dorsoventralmente, con restricción anterodorsal, generando una forma globosa en comparación con la de los individuos de parches sin vegetación. Las distintas formas encontradas podrían deberse a las diferentes condiciones de temperatura, desecación, acción de las olas y densidad poblacional a las que están expuestos los mejillines en cada tipo de parche. Estos resultados muestran la presencia de plasticidad fenotípica en la forma de las valvas de esta especie nativa a una microescala espacial, lo que explicaría el éxito de esta especie en su expansión hacia nuevos ambientes. Fil: González Giorigis, Yamila. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina Fil: Sueiro, Maria Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Marquez, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentina

Progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms can drive unique phenotypes in luminal breast cancer (BC). Here, we hypothesized that PR-B and PR-A isoforms differentially modify the cross-talk between prolactin and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in BC. We profiled the responsiveness of the FASN gene promoter to prolactin in T47Dco BC cells constitutively expressing PR-A and PR-B, in the PR-null variant T47D-Y cell line, and in PR-null T47D-Y cells engineered to stably re-express PR-A (T47D-YA) or PR-B (T47D-YB). The capacity of prolactin to up-regulate FASN gene promoter activity in T47Dco cells was lost in T47D-Y and TD47-YA cells. Constitutively up-regulated FASN gene expression in T47-YB cells and its further stimulation by prolactin were both suppressed by the prolactin receptor antagonist hPRL-G129R. The ability of the FASN inhibitor C75 to decrease prolactin secretion was more conspicuous in T47-YB cells. In T47D-Y cells, which secreted notably less prolactin and downregulated prolactin receptor expression relative to T47Dco cells, FASN blockade resulted in an augmented secretion of prolactin and up-regulation of prolactin receptor expression. Our data reveal unforeseen PR-B isoform-specific regulatory actions in the cross-talk between prolactin and FASN signaling in BC. These findings might provide new PR-B/FASN-centered predictive and therapeutic modalities in luminal intrinsic BC subtypes Fil: Menendez, Javier A.. Institut Català d'Oncologia; España. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona; España Fil: Peirce, Susan K.. Clemson University. Pearce Center Professional Communication; Estados Unidos Fil: Papadimitropoulou, Adriana. Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens; Grecia Fil: Cuyàs, Elisabet. Institut Català d'Oncologia; España. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona; España Fil: Steen, Travis Vander. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Mayo Clinic; Estados Unidos Fil: Verdura, Sara. Institut Català d'Oncologia; España. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona; España Fil: Vellón, Luciano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Chen, Wen Y.. Clemson University; Estados Unidos Fil: Lupu, Ruth. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Mayo Clinic; Estados Unidos. Clemson University; Estados Unidos. Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Estados Unidos

The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is involved in the photoprotective processes in cyanobacteria via nonphotochemical quenching. Triggered by blue-green light absorption, the carotenoid chromophore undergoes translocation, displacing around 12 Å from the C-terminal domain (CTD) to the N-terminal domain (NTD). The detailed molecular rearrangements that occur within the carotenoid and the protein during this process remain largely elusive. By using a combination of molecular dynamics, well-tempered metadynamics, and hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations, we were able to mimic the translocation of the carotenoid from the inactive OCPO and obtain metastable red-shifted states in the photoactivation mechanism, replicating the λmax values of reference experimental spectra. In addition, our simulations give insight into the structure of the red-shifted form of the inactive state of OCP. Fil: Pigni, Natalia Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; Argentina. University of Connecticut; Estados Unidos Fil: Clark, Kevin L.. University of Connecticut; Estados Unidos Fil: Beck, Warren F.. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Gascón, José A.. University of Connecticut; Estados Unidos

Building trust in science and evidence-based decision-making depends heavily on the credibility of studies and their findings. Researchers employ many different study designs that vary in their risk of bias to evaluate the true effect of interventions or impacts. Here, we empirically quantify, on a large scale, the prevalence of different study designs and the magnitude of bias in their estimates. Randomised designs and controlled observational designs with pre-intervention sampling were used by just 23% of intervention studies in biodiversity conservation, and 36% of intervention studies in social science. We demonstrate, through pairwise within-study comparisons across 49 environmental datasets, that these types of designs usually give less biased estimates than simpler observational designs. We propose a model-based approach to combine study estimates that may suffer from different levels of study design bias, discuss the implications for evidence synthesis, and how to facilitate the use of more credible study designs., Randomised controlled experiments are the gold standard for scientific inference, but environmental and social scientists often rely on different study designs. Here the authors analyse the use of six common study designs in the fields of biodiversity conservation and social intervention, and quantify the biases in their estimates.

The aim of this work was to determine the susceptibility, molecular profile, and clonal relationship in Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) isolated from vaginal-rectal swab samples. We worked with 200 isolates collected from pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation. The macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance phenotypes were determined using the double-disc assay. Susceptibility to erythromycin (ERI) and clindamycin (CLI) was performed with the E-test. Resistance genes ermB and ermTR were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Clonal studies were performed using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Twelve (6%) of the isolates were resistant to ERI and 10 (5%) of them to CLI. Fifty percent of the resistant strains corresponded to serotype III, 25% to serotype V, and the remaining 25% to serotype Ia, II, and nontypeable strains. The cMLSB phenotype was detected in eight strains (66.67%) and the iMLSB phenotype in four (33.33%). The minimum inhibitory concentration values were between 1.5 and 16 μg/mL for ERI, and between 1 and 32 μg/mL for CLI. Out of the 25 strains susceptible to ERI and CLI, the presence of the ermB gene was detected in eight of them and the ermTR gene in one strain. The ermB gene was detected in the 12 strains that initially had some macrolide resistance phenotype. The ermTR gene was detected in three out of the four strains with the iMLSB phenotype. The resistance to macrolides in the province of Misiones is due to multiclonal spread. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of macrolide resistance in GBS strains are crucial to contribute to the correct intrapartum prophylactic antibiotic therapy of allergic pregnant women and the epidemiological surveillance of these strains. Fil: Novosak, Marina Gisel. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Bobadilla, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Delgado, Osvaldo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca; Argentina Fil: Vergara, Marta Ines. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: Laczeski, Margarita Ester. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina

Azospirillum sp. strain Sp245T, originally identified as belonging to Azospirillum brasilense , is recognized as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and to produce plant-beneficial compounds. Azospirillum sp. Sp245T and other related strains were isolated from the root surfaces of different plants in Brazil. Cells are Gram-negative, curved or slightly curved rods, and motile with polar and lateral flagella. Their growth temperature varies between 20 to 38 °C and their carbon source utilization is similar to other Azospirillum species. A preliminary 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that the new species is closely related to A. brasilense Sp7T and A. formosense CC-Nfb-7T. Housekeeping genes revealed that Azospirillum sp. Sp245T, BR 12001 and Vi22 form a separate cluster from strain A. formosense CC-Nfb-7T, and a group of strains closely related to A. brasilense Sp7T. Overall genome relatedness index (OGRI) analyses estimated based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) between Azospirillum sp. Sp245T and its close relatives to other Azospirillum species type strains, such as A. brasilense Sp7T and A. formosense CC-Nfb-7T , revealed values lower than the limit of species circumscription. Moreover, core-proteome phylogeny including 1079 common shared proteins showed the independent clusterization of A. brasilense Sp7T, A. formosense CC-Nfb-7T and Azospirillum sp. Sp245T, a finding that was corroborated by the genome clustering of OGRI values and housekeeping phylogenies. The DNA G+C content of the cluster of Sp245T was 68.4–68.6 %. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypical and physiological analysis, we propose that strain Sp245T together with the strains Vi22 and BR12001 represent a novel species of the genus Azospirillum , for which the name Azospirillum baldaniorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Sp245T (=BR 11005T=IBPPM 219T) (GCF_007827915.1, GCF_000237365.1, and GCF_003119195.2).

Land-surface greening has been reported globally over the past decades. While often seen to represent ecosystem recovery, the impacts on biodiversity and society can also be negative. Greening has been widely reported from rangelands, where drivers and processes are complex due to its high environmental heterogeneity and societal dynamics. Here, we assess the complexity behind greening and assess its links to various drivers in an iconic, heterogeneous rangeland area, the Iberá Wetlands and surroundings, in Argentina. Time-series satellite imagery over the past 19 years showed overall net greening, but also substantial local browning both in protected and unprotected areas, linking to land use, temporal changes in surface water, fire, and weather. We found substantial woody expansion mainly in the unprotected land, with 37% contributed by tree plantations and the remaining 63% by spontaneous woody expansion, along with widespread transitions from terrestrial land to seasonal surface water. Fire occurrences tended to reduce greening with unprotected areas experiencing widespread and frequent fire. However, protected areas had more browning in unburnt areas than burned areas. Temporal variation in annual precipitation and temperature tended to nonlinearly influence fire occurrences with an interplay of human fire management, further shaping the vegetation greening, pointing to high complexity behind the observed rangeland greening involving interactions among local drivers. Our findings highlight that the observed overall greening is an outcome of multiple trends with clear negative impacts on biodiversity and the local livestock-oriented culture (notably expanding tree plantations) and spontaneous vegetation dynamics, partly involving spontaneous woody expansion. The latter has positive potential for biodiversity and ecosystem services in terms of woodland recovery, but can become negative in such a natural savanna region if expansions develop on a too broad scale, highlighting the importance of ensuring recovery of natural fire and herbivory regimes in protected areas along with sustainable rangeland management elsewhere. Fil: Li, Wang. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Buitenwerf, Robert. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Nicora Chequín, Renata. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Florentín, Javier Elias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Salas, Roberto Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Mata, Julia Carolina. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Wang, Li. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Niu, Zheng. University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Svenning, Jens-christian. University Aarhus; Dinamarca

A short list of small mammals is provided, from bones found in pellets of the American barn owl (Tyto furcata) collected in four localities in the Arid Chaco of Córdoba province, central Argentina. We identified seven species and one genus belonging to two orders (Didelphimorphia and Rodentia) and four families (Didelphidae, Cricetidae, Ctenomyidae and Caviidae). We also present the first records of Microcavia jayat Teta, Ojeda, Lucero & D’Elia, 2017 for Córdoba province. Se detalla una breve lista de micromamíferos, a partir de restos óseos encontrados en egagrópilas de Lechuza de campanario (Tyto furcata) en cuatro sitios del chaco árido de la provincia de Córdoba, República Argentina. Se identificaron en total siete especies y un género pertenecientes a dos órdenes (Didelphimorphia y Rodentia) y cuatro familias (Didelphidae, Cricetidae, Ctenomyidae y Caviidae). Además, presentamos los primeros registros de Microcavia jayat Teta, Ojeda, Lucero & D’Elia 2017, para la provincia de Córdoba. Fil: Rossi Rotondi, Enzo Ángel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Tamburini, Daniela Maria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables; Argentina Fil: Torres, Ricardo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Zoología; Argentina

Riparian forests and environments close to watercourses support high biodiversity, which may be modified by human activities. In the Paraná River Delta region, cattle raising is one of the activities with the greatest impact, altering vegetation structure. These changes are reflected in bird communities that inhabit these environments. We hypothesize that the absence of large herbivores (whether cows or native deer) will produce an increase in the vegetation cover of the lower strata of forests, due to the greater height of the herbaceous stratum and greater coverage of the shrub stratum, and that these changes mainly affect the species of birds that use resources associated with these strata. Our objective was to understand the changes in richness and abundance of the bird community among different types of cattle management using a functional aggregation approach of bird species. In the areas with cattle, we found less coverage of the shrub layer, lower height of the herbaceous layer and fewer climbing vines. We found that changes in richness and abundance of bird community were strongly related to species associated with the lower vegetation strata (ground-feeding guild, shrub guild and low canopy guild), and that the responses of the different guilds were not homogeneous. Understanding the direction of changes in bird communities occurring in response to modifications of the environment, allows us to optimize conservation efforts. If these efforts are based on conservation of the environment in its natural state, we should adjust the management of the herbivory to the pristine conditions of the environment. On the other hand, if conservation efforts are based on particular species or groups of species associated with certain resources, the correct management of herbivory by cattle can be essential to obtain successful results. Fil: Frutos, Antonio Esteban. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina Fil: Leiva, Pamela Maria de Lujan. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina Fil: Piña, Carlos Ignacio. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina

Introduction- The importance of an immediate tool to help patients and prevent viral diffusion of new pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) that causes the disease COVID-19 becomes evident. Recent articles have reported on body site-specific SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing very active replication in the throat and upper respiratory tract when symptoms were still mild, and thus being efficient in viral transmission in sputum. Material and Methods- An alternative that may be feasible is to resort to scientific studies that demonstrate the antiviral potential of medicinal plants species through in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to alleviate symptoms and prevent the spread of contagion. A literature search in Scopus and PubMed on herbs and foods with antiviral properties was performed. Results- This resulted in hundreds of publications, showing a diversity of plants with effect on different virus infections. This article focuses on plants which are of common use which could act against COVID-19. Conclusions- Herbs and foods with demonstrated antiviral potential have been identified, which could limit SARS-CoV-2 spreading by interfering on ACE2 protein on infection sites. The analysis of transdisciplinary knowledge allows us to connect previous research on the action of common plants and foods on viruses to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the throat and upper respiratory tract. Fil: Cardoso, María Betina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; Argentina

Fish metamorphosis is an important ontogenetic process with a key role on early stages survival and on successful recruitment to adult populations. The whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is an important commercial resource for the coastal fisheries of Argentina and Uruguay. We studied its metamorphosis, using morphometric and morphological analyses during larval development. Changes in morpho-meristic characters before and after metamorphosis were employed to determine the length interval of this transition by employing Principal Component Analysis. Individuals (n=430) from 4 to 41 mm standard length (SL) were collected in the Río de la Plata estuary (35.45º S, 56.35º W) in March, 2006. Length ranges of individual´s developmental stages were associated with the presence of key morphological characters. During early life stages, M. furnieri changes from a big-headed, larval robust shape, to a slender and more elongated body form. Most of the morphometric variables showed an inflexion point at 15.2 mm SL, with a 95% confidence interval of 14 ? 16.4 mm. The anterior part of the body grows faster during early stages, probably related to an intense feeding activity strategy. The completion of pectoral fin rays and the onset of squamation determine the beginning of metamorphosis, at 11-12 mm SL. Squamation ends at around 18 mm SL, at the same time the first barbels develop and the sagittae otolith primordium is closed. The length-at-metamorphosis for M. furnieri was established between 9 to 18 mm SL, since all developmental characters we studied highly overlapped at that interval. All those processes are indicative of the beginning of the juvenile period, which is associated to settlement and the start of a bottom-oriented life-style. Fil: Braverman, Mara Silvia. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina Fil: Brown, Daniel Roberto. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Acha, Eduardo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina

Larvae of water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea) are adapted to a wide variety of aquatic habitats, butlittle is known about functional and evolutionary aspects of these adaptations. We review the functional morphologyand evolution of feeding strategies of larvae of the families Hydrophilidae and Epimetopidae based on a detailedscanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, analysis of video records of feeding behaviour and observations ofliving larvae. There are two main types of feeding mechanisms: chewing and piercing-sucking. The character mappingusing the latest phylogenetic hypothesis for Hydrophiloidea infers the chewing system as the ancestral condition. Thepiercing-sucking mechanism evolved at least four times independently: once in Epimetopidae (Epimetopus) and threetimes in Hydrophilidae (Berosini: Berosus + Hemiosus; Laccobiini: Laccobius group; Hydrobiusini: Hybogralius). Thepiercing-sucking apparatus allows underwater extra-oral digestion and decreases the dependence of larvae on an aerialenvironment. A detailed study of the tracheal morphology of the piercing-sucking lineages reveals four independentorigins of the apneustic respiratory system, all of them nested within lineages with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Weconclude that piercing-sucking mouthparts represent a key innovation, which allows for the subsequent adaptation ofthe tracheal system, influences the diversification dynamics of the lineages and allows the shift to new adaptive zones. Fil: Rodriguez, Valeria Georgina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Fikácek, Martin. Karlova Univerzita (cuni); República Checa Fil: Minoshima, Yusuke N. Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History; Japón Fil: Archangelsky, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentina Fil: Torres, Patricia Laura Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina

Two domain copper-nitrite reductases (NirK) contain two types of copper centers, one electron transfer (ET) center of type 1 (T1) and a catalytic site of type 2 (T2). NirK activity is pH-dependent, which has been suggested to be produced by structural modifications at high pH of some catalytically relevant residues. To characterize the pH-dependent kinetics of NirK and the relevance of T1 covalency in intraprotein ET, we studied the biochemical, electrochemical, and spectroscopic properties complemented with QM/MM calculations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum NirK (BjNirK) and of its electron donor cytochrome c550 (BjCycA). BjNirK presents absorption spectra determined mainly by a S(Cys)3pπ → Cu2+ ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transition. The enzyme shows low activity likely due to the higher flexibility of a protein loop associated with BjNirK/BjCycA interaction. Nitrite is reduced at high pH in a T1-decoupled way without T1 → T2 ET in which proton delivery for nitrite reduction at T2 is maintained. Our results are analyzed in comparison with previous results found by us in Sinorhizobium meliloti NirK, whose main UV-vis absorption features are determined by S(Cys)3pσ/π → Cu2+ LMCT transitions. Fil: Cristaldi, Julio César. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ferroni, Felix Martín. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Duré, Andrea Belén. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ramirez, Cintia Soledad. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina Fil: Dalosto, Sergio Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina Fil: Rizzi, Alberto Claudio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina Fil: González, Pablo Javier. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Rivas, Maria Gabriela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Brondino, Carlos Dante. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Curcuma longa L. essential oil can be considered a natural product with strong antifungal activity due to the fungicidal and fungistatic effect. It can be used for the aeromycological control of premises where food is prepared. It is important to monitor air quality in food production facilities to achieve safe food. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of C. longa essential oil on potentially pathogenic and biodegradable strains isolated from the indoor of the food industry. A suspension of 106 spores/mL of the strains Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium brevicompactum and Cladosporium cladosporioides was prepared. Two natural biocides (C. longa essential oil and Cuban propolis) and two synthetic ones (antiseptic detergent and Tween 20) at different concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.1 and 1.0% v/v) were evaluated. The superficial growth of the mycelium (cm) and the germination inhibition (%) were the response variables. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EO was determined by radial growth total inhibition (IRG) and partial sporulation inhibition (PIS). A. flavus colony diameter was decrease inversely proportional to the concentrations, and at 1% v/v it reduced more than three times its diameter, being selected as MIC since it caused IRG and PIS. Germination inhibition of the spores of the three strains was observed in relation directly proportional to the concentration of the four biocides. All spores with values similar to antiseptic detergent were inhibited by the essential oil at MIC (1%) between 41 and 55% Fil: Gámez Espinosa, Erasmo Junior. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; Argentina Fil: Anaya, Matilde. Instituto de Investigaciones Para la Industria Alimentaria; Cuba Fil: Borges, Pedro. Instituto de Investigaciones Para la Industria Alimentaria; Cuba Fil: Bosch Crespo, Diana Marelys. Universidad de Salamanca; España

The family Mugilidae consists mainly of diadromous species, whose reproduction occurs in offshore waters. Pre-juveniles shift their diet in the surf zone (zooplanktophagous to iliophagous). Later, during their recruitment into estuaries, huge changes take place in their digestive system. However, digestive and metabolic characteristics and some morphological traits at recruitment are unknown for Mugilidae. We performed comparative studies on early and late pre-juveniles of Mugil liza recruited in Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (37°32′–37°45′S, 57°19′–57°26′W, Argentina). We determined digestive enzyme activities (intestine), energy reserves (liver/muscle), total/standard length, total weight, intestinal coefficient, hepatosomatic index and retroperitoneal fat. Pre-juveniles exhibited amylase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, trypsin and aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities, which were maintained over a wide range of pH and temperature, and exhibited Michaelis–Menten kinetics. In late pre-juveniles, amylase (422 ± 131 μmol maltose min−1 mgprot−1), sucrase (86 ± 14 mg glucose min−1 mgprot−1), trypsin (84 ± 9 μmoles min−1 mgprot−1) and APN (0.58 ± 0.08 μmoles min−1 mgprot−1) activities were higher (42%, 28%, 35% and 28%, respectively) than in the early stage. Also, the intestinal coefficient was higher in late (3.04) compared to early (2.06) pre-juveniles. Moreover, the liver appeared to be a main site of glycogen and triglyceride storage in late pre-juveniles, muscle being the site of storage in early pre-juveniles, exhibiting higher glycogen, free glucose and protein concentrations (92%, 82%, 32%, respectively). The results suggest that pre-juveniles of M. liza exhibit an adequate digestive battery to perform complete hydrolysis of various dietary substrates, availability of energy reserves and morphological characteristics to support their feeding habit and growth after recruitment. Our results represent an important contribution to knowledge of the ecology and digestive physiology of pre-juveniles of Mugilidae in the wild. Fil: Albanesi, Camila Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: González Castro, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Lopez Mañanes, Alejandra Antonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina

Gills represent one of the major sites of gas exchange of fish, consequently they are in continuous close contact with the aquatic environment and its pollutants. In the present study the effects on gills of pejerrey fish, Odontesthes bonariensis, under glyphosate-based herbicide subchronic exposure were analyzed. Adult animals were exposed to sublethal concentrations of a glyphosate-based commercial formulation (1 and 10 PMG mg L−1, PMG: glyphosate active ingredient) for 15 days, while control group was maintained in rearing water. Ultrastructural changes in gills were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of the surface epithelium and specific surface area were determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and N2 (g) adsorption–desorption isotherms, respectively. The herbicide exposure induced severe alterations in gill ultrastructure, as shown in the SEM micrographs. Accordingly, an increase in surface area of the gills of exposed animals was determined. These results support that gills parameters of freshwater fish are sensitive morphological biomarkers for glyphosate exposure. Fil: Menendez Helman, Renata Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina Fil: Miranda, Leandro Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina Fil: Salibián, Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina Fil: Dos Santos Afonso, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina

As part of a biodiversity study on intertidal invertebrates, several sea anemones from the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula were collected in June 2016. The taxonomic features of four specimens agree well with those of the species Anthopleura radians, a recently described sea anemone from northern Chile. This study is the first published report on this species outside the range of distribution documented in the original description, including new images of A. radians’ external and internal features and complete characterization of their cnidae. Differences between A. radians from other species of the genus reported from the eastern Pacific are also discussed. Fil: Vasallo Avalos, Aurora. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Acuña, Fabian Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: González Muñoz, Ricardo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Rivas, Gerardo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México

The aim of this work focused on improving reproductive maturation in two penaeoid species (Artemesia longinaris and Pleoticus muelleri) by using carotenes added in artificial feeds and comparing antioxidant activity and carotenoids profiles. Immature females were kept for 45 days at salinity 33, 18°C, pH 7, 12:12 h photoperiod, ammonium

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains an important public health concern in Western countries. Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is a cluster of pathophysiological disorders with increasing prevalence in the general population that is a risk factor for PCa. Several studies have determined that a crosstalk between white adipose tissue (WAT) and solid tumors favors cancer aggressiveness. In this work, our main goal was to investigate the interaction between WAT and PCa cells through microRNAs (miRNAs), in MeS mice. We developed a MeS-like disease model using C57BL/6J mice chronically fed with high-fat diet (HFD) that were inoculated with TRAMP-C1 PCa cells. A group of five miRNAs (mmu-miR-221-3p, 27a-3p, 34a-5p, 138-5p, and 146a-5p) were increased in gonadal WAT (gWAT), tumors, and plasma of MeS mice compared to control animals. Three of these five miRNAs were detected in the media from gWAT and TRAMP-C1 cell cocultures, and significantly increased in MeS context. More importantly, hsamiR- 221-3p, 146a-5p, and 27a-3p were increased in bloodstream of PCa patients compared to healthy donors. Using miRNA microarrays, we found that 121 miRNAs were differentially released to the coculture media between HFD-gWAT and tumor cells compared to control diet-gWAT and tumor cells. Target genes for the 66 most deregulated miRNAs were involved in common pathways, mainly related to fatty acid metabolism, ER protein processing, amino acid degradation, PI3K AKT signaling, and PCa. Our findings show for the first time a signature of five miRNAs as important players involved in the interaction between WAT and PCa in MeS mice. Further research will be necessary to track these miRNAs in the interaction between these tissues as well as their role in PCa patients with MeS., Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas

Capsicum regale Barboza & Bohs, sp. nov., a new species from the tropical wet forests of the eastern Andean slopes (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to the Andean clade (all species 2n = 26) of Capsicum and is similar to C. longifolium Barboza & S.Leiva in its glabrescence, calyx morphology, and corolla and seed color but differs in its membranous and elliptic leaves, fleshy calyces, deeper stellate corollas, longer filaments, longer and purple fruiting pedicels, purple berries, and larger seeds. Its chromosome number was counted (2n = 26), a preliminary assessment of conservation status is given and discussed, and an updated identification key to the species of the Andean clade is provided. Fil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: García, Carolina Carrizo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Scaldaferro, Marisel Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Bohs, Lynn. University of Utah; Estados Unidos

We present estimates of the seasonal and spatial occupation by pinnipeds of the Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos (WRIL), based on aerial photographic censuses. Twenty aerial photographic censuses were analysed between July 2010 and November 2018. To assess monthly differences in the numbers of pinnipeds in the WRIL we used a Generalized Linear Mixed Model. Spatial analysis was carried out using Kernel density analysis of the pinnipeds on a grid plotted along the WRIL. Subadult male South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) were the most abundant pinniped in the WRIL. Potential females of this species were also recorded during half of the census. The maximum number of pinnipeds observed in the WRIL was 304 in September 2018, including an unexpected individual southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), and a high number of South American fur seal yearlings (Arctocephalus australis). However, there was no statistically significant difference in counts between months. In all months analysed, pinnipeds were most often found concentrated in the northern portion of the island, with the highest abundances reported in September. This study confirms the importance of the WRIL as a haulout site for pinnipeds in Brazil, recommends that land research and recreational activities occur in months when no pinnipeds are present, and encourages a regulated marine mammal-based tourism during winter and spring months. Fil: Procksch, Natália. Universidad de Vale do Rio dos Sinos; Brasil Fil: Grandi, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Ott, Paulo Henrique. Universidade Estadual Do Rio Grande Do Sul; Brasil. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos Do Rio Grande Do Sul (GEMARS); Brasil Fil: Groch, Karina. Instituto Australis de Pesquisa E Monitoramento Ambiental. Projeto Baleia Franca; Brasil Fil: Flores, Paulo A. C.. Centro Mamíferos Aquáticos, Currently at Área de Proteção Ambiental; Brasil Fil: Zagonel, Marcelo. Universidad de Vale do Rio dos Sinos; Brasil Fil: Crespo, Enrique Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Machado, Rodrigo. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos Do Rio Grande Do Sul (GEMARS); Brasil Fil: Pavez, Guido. Universidad de Valparaiso; Chile Fil: Guimarães, Murilo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Veronez, Maurício. Universidad de Vale do Rio dos Sinos; Brasil Fil: de Oliveira, Larissa Rosa. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos Do Rio Grande Do Sul (GEMARS); Brasil. Universidad de Vale do Rio dos Sinos; Brasil

The extraordinary maturation in high‐throughput sequencing technologies has revealed the existence of a complex network of transcripts in eukaryotic organisms, including thousands of long noncoding (lnc) RNAs with little or no protein‐coding capacity. Subsequent discoveries have shown that lncRNAs participate in a wide range of molecular processes, controlling gene expression and protein activity though direct interactions with proteins, DNA, or other RNA molecules. While significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of lncRNA biology in the animal kingdom, the functional characterization of plant lncRNAs is still in its infancy and remains a major challenge. In this review, we report emerging functional and mechanistic paradigms of plant lncRNAs and partner molecules and discuss how cutting‐edge technologies may help to identify and classify yet uncharacterized transcripts into functional groups. Fil: Lucero, Leandro Exequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Ferrero, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Fonouni-farde, Camille Audrey. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Ariel, Federico Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; Argentina

This special issue of the Journal of Mammalian Evolution represents the proceedings from a symposium held in conjunction with the XXXI Jornadas Argentinas de Mastozoología (SAREM, La Rioja, Argentina, October 25, 2018), and entitled “El paradigma de correlación forma-función en mastozoología: un tributo a Leonard Radinsky (1937–1985).” In this introduction to the symposium proceedings, we provide a brief account of Radinsky’s expertise and academic goals, and we remark on the textbook “The Evolution of Vertebrate Design” posthumously published, to introduce the contents of the present volume and highlight Len’s academic (research and teaching) and social sensitivity from the perspective of current times. Fil: Cassini, Guillermo Hernán. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina Fil: Toledo, Néstor. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina

In this work, we evaluated the effects of light on growth, cell physiology and stress response of Azospirillum brasilense Az39, a non-photosynthetic rhizobacteria, under planktonic growth conditions. Methods and results: Exponential cultures of Az39 were exposed to blue (BL), red (RL) and daylight (DL) or maintained in darkness for 24, 48 and 72 h. The biomass production and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis increased by exposition to DL. Conversely, BL decreased IAA concentration through a direct effect on the molecule. The DL increased superoxide dismutase activity, hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, but the last one was also increased by BL. Both DL and BL increased cell aggregation but only BL increased biofilm formation. Conclusions: We demonstrated that both BL and DL are stress effectors for A. brasilense Az39 under planktonic growth conditions. The DL increased biomass production, IAA biosynthesis and bacterial response to stress, whereas BL induced cell aggregation and biofilms formation, but decreased the IAA concentration by photooxidation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Blue light and DL changes growth capacity, cell physiology and plant growth promotion ability of A. brasilense Az39 and these changes could be considered to improve the production and functionality of biofertilizers. Fil: Molina, Romina Micaela. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Lopez, Gaston Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Coniglio, Nayla Anahí. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Furlan, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Mora, Maria Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Rosas, Susana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cassan, Fabricio Dario. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; Argentina

Polymorphid acanthocephalans are parasites of marine mammals, waterfowl and ichthyophagous birds. Among these, the genus Profilicollis is known to use exclusively decapods as intermediate hosts. Here, we report the first record of living cystacanths of Profilicollis parasitizing the body cavity of a fish host, Oligosarcus jenynsii, inhabiting the freshwater section of an estuarial system, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, in south-east Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. In this environment, cystacanths of Profilicollis chasmagnathi have been previously recorded infecting decapod crabs and as transient accidental infections in the gut of some carcinophagous fishes. In the present study, larvae from the crab Neohelice granulata, from the intestine of the estuarine fish Odontesthes argentinensis and from the body cavity of O. jenynsii were morphologically and genetically compared, confirming their identity as P. chasmagnathi, a species characteristic of estuaries and marine coasts along Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. These findings can be interpreted as a possible case of incipient paratenicity for Profilicollis, and a colonization event of freshwater habitats, probably promoted by the highly variable conditions, typical of ecotonal environments. In addition, cystacanths of the genus Polymorphus were also found in O. jenynsii, representing the first record of this genus in Oligosarcus from Argentina. Fil: Levy, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Rossin, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Braicovich, Paola Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Timi, Juan Tomas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina

Background: The overexposure to sun ultraviolet (UV) radiation produce photoaging by effect of free radicals on lipid, protein, and nucleic acid or by direct activation of responsible enzymes of cleavage of extracellular matrix components (EMC). Aims: To develop new anti-photoaging agents, the anti-aging activity of four “jarillas” standardized extracts from Argentina (Zuccagnia punctata Cav., Larrea divaricata Cav., Larrea cuneifolia Cav., and Larrea nitida Cav.) were examined. Methods: The effect on the activity and expression of enzymes related to photoaging (collagenase, hyaluronidase, elastase, tyrosinase) and the antioxidant capacity of four “jarillas” extracts were examined. Results: The results suggest that “jarillas” extracts could protect EMC by inhibition of skin aging-related enzymes and suppression of the expression of metalloproteinases (MMP-1) in human skin fibroblasts from photoinduced damage. Modulation of MMP-1 expression induced by UV radiation in human skin cells could be associated, at least in part, with the ROS scavenging capacity of “jarilla” extracts. The extract of Z punctata was more active than Larrea species extracts in all the trials. The activity of Z punctata and Larrea extracts could be ascribed to chalcones and lignans, major constituents of “jarillas,” respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained would indicate the potential of these adapted species to live in arid zones of Argentina, exposed to high ultraviolet radiation in production of cosmetic products and justify the promotion of their sustainable use and the development of crops. Fil: Orqueda, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina Fil: Moreno, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina Fil: Zampini, Iris Catiana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina Fil: Bravo, Karent. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Osorio, Edison. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Isla, Maria Ines. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina

Mammalian Cysteine-RIch Secretory Protein (CRISP) family includes four members present in sperm and reported to regulate Ca2+ channels and fertilization. Based on our previous observations using single knockouts models and suggesting the existence of functional compensation among CRISP proteins, we investigated their relevance for male fertility by generating multiple Crisp gene mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Whereas targeting of Crisp1 and Crisp3 yielded subfertile males with early embryo developmental defects, the same deletion in zygotes from fertile Crisp2−/−.Crisp4−/− mice led to the generation of both triple and quadruple knockout mice exhibiting a complete or severe disruption of male fertility due to a combination of sperm transport, fertilization, and embryo developmental defects linked to intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. These observations reveal that CRISP proteins are essential for male fertility and organize in functional modules that contribute distinctly to fertility success, bringing insights into the mechanisms underlying functionalredundancy/compensation in protein families and emphasizing the importance of generating multiple and not just single knockout which might be masking the true functional relevance of family genes. Fil: Curci, Ludmila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Brukman, Nicolás Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Weigel Muñoz, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Rojo, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina Fil: Carvajal, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Sulzyk, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez, Soledad Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Rubinstein, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina Fil: Da Ros, Vanina Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Cuasnicu, Patricia Sara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Nitrogen (N) is a central mineral nutrient essential for plant development and growth. It is usually scarcely found in soils, so the knowledge of the overall plant N metabolism deserves substantial attention. Polyamines (PAs) are N-containing low-molecular-weight compounds of polycationic nature involved in essential processes all throughout the life of plants whereas nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical involved in signalling cascades related to many physiological events. PAs and NO share signalling functions and interact with each other in several biological functions, mainly in stress responses. Biosynthesis pathways of PAs and NO are overlapped; PAs induce NO formation, but it is still not completely defined whether PAs act as substrates, cofactors, or signals for promoting NO synthesis and also, which are the mechanisms involved in NO regulation of PAs metabolism. Polyamine levels are of vital importance in the regulation of the network of N-metabolising pathways in plants, as they are components of the core of the overall N metabolism. In light of the importance of improving the efficiency of N uptake and distribution, it is time to elucidate the intricate relationship among N as a nutrient with PAs and NO as emerging signalling molecules. The close cooperation among these players in the whole N metabolism is an interesting target for the development of biotechnological tools for sustainable agriculture. Fil: Recalde, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Gómez Mansur, Nabila María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Cabrera, Andrea Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Matayoshi, Carolina Lucila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Gallego, Susana Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Groppa, María Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Benavides, Maria Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina

Different studies suggest that reproductive characters evolve faster than non-reproductive characters. Males in the order Squamata have paired copulatory organs called hemipenes, with high morphological diversity, including differences in size, shape, and ornamentation. Some studies in the species-rich lizard genus, Anolis suggest that genital traits evolve faster than the rest of the body. However, these studies were made considering only a few traits, across a wide phylogeny, without considering species relatedness, which may inflate differences in evolutionary rates. Here, we study two phylogenetic distantly related lizard groups, which differ in the number of species, but have similar divergence times. We evaluate as follows: (1) evolutionary rate, models of evolution and phylogenetic signal among the different genital and non-genital traits; (2) which kind of traits (genital and non-genital) are divergent across sister species and (3) whether the species-rich group shows a faster rate of trait change. We studied 24 Liolaemus lizard species, belonging to two monophyletic groups that differ in species number: L. elongatus’ clade, which has more species than L. lineomaculatus’ clade. We studied 20 different traits (9 genital and 11 non-genital) and calculated their phylogenetic signal, evolutionary rate of change and models that best explain the evolutionary change. Our results show that: (1) in general, genital traits evolve faster than non-genital ones in both groups, and both phylogenetic signal and best evolutionary model vary depending on the trait. (2) Genital traits diverged more among sister species within the L. lineomaculatus group, but within the L. elongatus group, both sets of traits show similar degrees of divergence. Finally, (3) the species-rich group (L. elongatus), has the highest genital evolutionary rate but also the highest non-genital evolutionary rate. Fil: Quipildor, Angel Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Ruiz Monachesi, Mario Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Hibbard, Thomas Nathaniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Valdecantos, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Anatomia Comparada; Argentina Fil: Lobo Gaviola, Fernando Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Anatomia Comparada; Argentina

El visón americano es un carnívoro semiacuático de América del Norte. Fue introducido en Argentina y Chile (década 1930) en criaderos peleteros, a partir de los cuales se originaron poblaciones silvestres. Actualmente se distribuye en casi toda Patagonia, ocupando todos los biotopos acuáticos. Es un predador generalista que representa una de las mayores amenazas para vertebrados acuáticos. Sus depredadores en el rango invadido se conocen de manera anecdótica. En esta nota documentamos una interacción depredador-presa previamente registrada en el rango natural del visón americano, pero mediada por una subespecie del depredador no mencionada previamente en la literatura. Finalmente, alentamos los estudios de dieta del tucúquere y otras rapaces para determinar la importancia de la depredación como factor de mortalidad para el visón. The American mink is an amphibious carnivore native to North America. It was introduced in Argentina and Chile (1930s) in fur farms where wild populations originated later. It is now widely present in Patagonia and has colonized all types of aquatic habitats. Mink predators have only been reported anecdotally. We confirm the occurrence of a predator-prey interaction previously described for the natural range of the American mink, but mediated by a subspecies of the predator not mentioned in literature to date. Finally, we encourage more studies on raptor diets to determine the importance of predation as a mortality factor for mink in Patagonia. Fil: Fasola, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Administración de Parques Nacionales; Argentina. Asociación Ornitológica del Plata; Argentina Fil: Formoso, Anahí Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Cabanas, Diego. Asociación Argentina de Fotógrafos de Naturaleza; Argentina Fil: Podestá, Darío Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Asociación Argentina de Fotógrafos de Naturaleza; Argentina Fil: Roesler, Carlos Ignacio. Asociación Ornitológica del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Zoological Society of London; Reino Unido

Nerve-derived human Schwann cell (SC) cultures are irreplaceable models for basic and translational research but their use can be limited due to the risk of fibroblast overgrowth. Fibroblasts are an ill-defined population consisting of highly proliferative cells that, contrary to human SCs, do not undergo senescence in culture. We initiated this study by performing an exhaustive immunological and functional characterization of adult nerve-derived human SCs and fibroblasts to reveal their properties and optimize a protocol of magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to separate them effectively both as viable and biologically competent cells. We next used immunofluorescence microscopy imaging, flow cytometry analysis and next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to unambiguously characterize the post-MACS cell products. High resolution transcriptome profiling revealed the identity of key lineage-specific transcripts and the clearly distinct neural crest and mesenchymal origin of human SCs and fibroblasts, respectively. Our analysis underscored a progenitor- or stem cell-like molecular phenotype in SCs and fibroblasts and the heterogeneity of the fibroblast populations. In addition, pathway analysis of RNA-seq data highlighted putative bidirectional networks of fibroblast-to-SC signaling that predict a complementary, yet seemingly independent contribution of SCs and fibroblasts to nerve regeneration. In sum, combining MACS with immunochemical and transcriptomics approaches provides an ideal workflow to exhaustively assess the identity, the stage of differentiation and functional features of highly purified cells from human peripheral nerve tissues. Fil: Peng, Kaiwen. Indiana University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos. Nanfang Hospital; China Fil: Sant, David. University of Utah; Estados Unidos. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Andersen, Natalia Denise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Silvera, Risset. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Camarena, Vladimir. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Piñero, Gonzalo Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Graham, Regina. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Khan, Aisha. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Xu, Xiao Ming. Indiana University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Wang, Gaofeng. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Monje, Paula. Indiana University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos. Miami University. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos

En este trabajo reportamos el hallazgo de restos de basura en heces de puma en el Parque Nacional Los Glaciares (PNLG), provincia de Santa Cruz (República Argentina). Los residuos fueron encontrados en tres heces de puma colectadas en los senderos de trekking dentro del PNLG, e incluyeron los siguientes ítems: hilo, fósforos y dos tipos de polietileno. A partir de estos resultados se recomienda continuar con el análisis de heces de puma e incorporar las de otros carnívoros presentes en el PNLG, para tener más elementos que permitan evaluar si se trata de un consumo accidental o si están cambiando algunos hábitos alimenticios. In this work we report the finding of waste remains in puma feces in Los Glaciares National Park (LGNP), Santa Cruz province (Argentina). The residues were found in three puma feces collected on the trekking trails within the Park, and included the following items: thread, matches and two types of polyethylene. We recommend continuing with the analysis of puma feces, while incorporating samples from other carnivore species present in the park. This information will allow discerning whether animals are changing their feeding habits or if events like these are part of accidental consumption. Fil: Bartolucci, Cristina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud - Sede Esquel; Argentina Fil: Guerisoli, Maria de Las Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina Fil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentina

Since the publication of the Solanaceae treatment in “Flora Argentina” in 2013 exploration in the country and resolution of outstanding nomenclatural and circumscription issues has resulted in a number of changes to the species of the Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) for Argentina. Here we describe three new species: Solanum hunzikeri Chiarini & Cantero, sp. nov., from wet high elevation areas in Argentina (Catamarca, Salta and Tucumán) and Bolivia (Chuquisaca and Tarija), S. marmoratum Barboza & S.Knapp, sp. nov., from central Argentina in Catamarca, La Pampa, La Rioja, San Juan and San Luis, and S. tiinae Barboza & S.Knapp, sp. nov., from the mountains of Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta and Tucumán. We provide descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps for all new taxa. A table of nomenclatural changes and additional taxa now known to occur in Argentina summarizes additions and changes since the “Flora Argentina”. We also provide an updated key, including all new taxa for the country, to facilitate identification and further exploration. Fil: Knapp, Sandra. British Museum (Natural History); Reino Unido Fil: Chiarini, Franco Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Cantero, Juan Jose. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Biología Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

In Trypanosoma brucei and related kinetoplastids, gene expression regulation occurs mostly post-transcriptionally. Consequently, RNA-binding proteins play a critical role in the regulation of mRNA and protein abundance. Yet, the roles of many RNA-binding proteins are not understood. Our previous research identified the RNA-binding protein ZC3H5 as possibly involved in gene repression, but its role in controlling gene expression was unknown. We here show that ZC3H5 is an essential cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein: RNAi targeting ZC3H5 causes accumulation of pre-cytokinetic cells followed by rapid cell death. Affinity purification and pair-wise yeast 2-hybrid analysis suggest that ZC3H5 forms a complex with three other proteins, encoded by genes Tb927.11.4900, Tb927.8.1500 and Tb927.7.3040. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that ZC3H5 is preferentially associated with poorly translated, low-stability mRNAs, the 5´-untranslated regions and coding regions of which are enriched in the motif (U/A)UAG(U/A). As previously found in high-throughput analyses, artificial tethering of ZC3H5 to a reporter mRNA or other complex components repressed reporter expression. However, depletion of ZC3H5 in vivo caused only very minor decreases in a few targets, marked increases in the abundances of very stable mRNAs, an increase in monosomes at the expense of large polysomes, and appearance of "halfmer" disomes containing two 80S subunits and one 40S subunit. We speculate that the ZC3H5 complex might be implicated in quality control during the translation of sub-optimal open reading frames. Fil: Bajak, Kathrin. Universität Heidelberg; Alemania Fil: Leiss, Kevin. Universität Heidelberg; Alemania Fil: Clayton, Christine. Universität Heidelberg; Alemania Fil: Erben, Esteban Daniel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentina

S-layer (glyco)-proteins (SLPs) form a nanostructured envelope that covers the surface of different prokaryotes and show immunomodulatory activity. Previously, we have demonstrated that the S-layer glycoprotein from probiotic Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 8348 (SLP-8348) is recognized by Mincle (macrophage inducible C-type lectin receptor), and its adjuvanticity depends on the integrity of its glycans. However, the glycan's structure has not been described so far. Herein, we analyze the glycosylation pattern of three SLPs, SLP-8348, SLP-8321, and SLP-5818, and explore how these patterns impact their recognition by C-type lectin receptors and the immunomodulatory effect of the L. kefiri SLPs on antigen-presenting cells. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography–pulse amperometric detector performed after β-elimination showed glucose as the major component in the O-glycans of the three SLPs; however, some differences in the length of hexose chains were observed. No N-glycosylation signals were detected in SLP-8348 and SLP-8321, but SLP-5818 was observed to have two sites carrying complex N-glycans based on a site-specific analysis and a glycomic workflow of the permethylated glycans. SLP-8348 was previously shown to enhance LPS-induced activation on both RAW264.7 macrophages and murine bone marrow–derived dendritic cells; we now show that SLP-8321 and SLP-5818 have a similar effect regardless of the differences in their glycosylation patterns. Studies performed with bone marrow–derived dendritic cells from C-type lectin receptor–deficient mice revealed that the immunostimulatory activity of SLP-8321 depends on its recognition by Mincle, whereas SLP-5818's effects are dependent on SignR3 (murine ortholog of human DC-SIGN). These findings encourage further investigation of both the potential application of these SLPs as new adjuvants and the protein glycosylation mechanisms in these bacteria., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

The use of microorganisms in industrial fermentations requires robust strains tolerant to stresses that challenge its performance during the bioprocess. One approach to obtain such a strain, adaptive evolution methodology, is carried out in this work with an emphasis on the biochemistry of stress tolerance. This work evaluated the robustness and cellulosic ethanol efficiency of an evolutionary adapted strain of Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-7124 (HAJ) obtained after successive batch cultures with increasing concentrations of acid hydrolysate lignocellulosic jojoba residue. Strain robustness was associated with its ability to tolerate stresses present along an industrial cellulosic bioethanol production process (i.e., thermal, oxidative or osmotic stress; high concentration of ethanol or phenolic compounds). Under such conditions, HAJ exhibited 4-fold higher viability and 8-fold higher vitality (metabolic performance) values than the parental strain. Whereas all stresses assayed produced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in Y-7124 (up to 15-fold higher than controls), in HÁJ only ethanol induced a significant rise in ROS levels, associated to variations in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activities. The highest increase in SOD activity was associated with ethanol stress, the most oxidative stress assayed, being 3.5-fold higher in HAJ versus Y-7124. Intracellular concentrations of cell protectants trehalose and glycogen increased significantly after stresses related to hydric deficiencies (sorbitol and ethanol), with HAJ showing a higher increase than the parental strain. Ethanol production efficiency on a non-detoxified, nonsupplemented acid-hydrolyzed lignocellulosic medium was 40% higher for HAJ versus Y-7124. Our results propose that stress cross-tolerance of this yeast is associated to its oxidative stress tolerance, and that high levels of molecules like trehalose should be a goal for obtaining a robust strain that can be used industrially. Fil: Novelli Poisson, Guido Fernando. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Juárez, Angela Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Noseda, Diego Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Ríos de Molina, M.C.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina Fil: Galvagno, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentina

Distintos métodos fueron utilizados para la evaluación poblacional e impacto sobre el medioambientedel castor Castor canadensis, Khul 1820. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la potencialidad deluso de fotografías áreas cenitales adquiridas con vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANTs), como unanueva herramienta de aplicación para este tipo de actividades en base a la generación, interpretacióny la aplicación de la información obtenida. Las imágenes obtenidas durante las primeras pruebaspermitieron generar ortofotomosaicos georreferenciados, modelos digitales de elevación (MDE) ymapas topográficos de alta resolución espacial, que fueron utilizados para detectar diferentes signosde actividad del castor, de suma utilidad para el manejo de la especie, reduciendo, además, el tiempode recorrida en zonas de difícil acceso. Different methods were used to evaluate beaver Castor canadensis, Khul 1820 populations, and their impact on the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of cenital aerial photographs taken with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a new application tool for these activities, based on the generation, interpretation and application of the obtained information. The images obtained during the first tests allowed us to generate geo-referenced orthophotomosaics, digital elevation models (DEM), and topographic maps of high spatial resolution to detect different signs of beaver activity, of great use for the management of the species while reducing the time spent covering areas of difficult access. Fil: Deferrari, Guillermo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina Fil: Escobar, Julio Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Ponce, Juan Federico. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Quiroga, Diego Rubén Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina

South American Camelids (SACs) make several material and non-material contributions to people and are a key component of the Andean biocultural heritage. From the perspective of the IPBES’ Conceptual Framework, SACs constitute the “nature” component in the complex system of interactions between human societies and the Andean mountain environment. There are four SAC living species today, two of which are wild, or Salqa, in the indigenous cosmovision: guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). Llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) were domesticated 5000 years ago, and are therefore Uywa, in the indigenous cosmovision. Both wild and domestic camelids were, and in several cases still are, the most highly appreciated resource for Andean livelihoods. Historically, camelids and their contributions have been used by Andean people since the peopling of the Americas over 11,000 years ago. In this paper, we present three case studies (chakus for vicuña management, llama caravans, and llama nanobodies) to bring attention to the essential role of vicuñas and llamas for Andean communities today, their intercultural linkages with the Western world, and telecoupling interactions. Fil: Vila, Bibiana Leonor. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Arzamendia, Yanina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina

El género Spalacopus incluye una sola especie, S. cyanus, endémica de la región central del Chile, siendo una de las especies mejor adaptada a la vida subterránea de la familia Octodontidae. Miembro del linaje que consiste en Octodontomys como hermano de Octodon y el clado representado por Spalacopus y Aconaemys. Si bien la morfología externa y cráneo-dentarias en S. cyanus han sido bien estudiadas, su morfología postcraneal es pobremente conocida. Por las peculiaridades de su estilo de vida y locomoción entre los miembros de la familia, es interesante caracterizar detalles de la morfología del esqueleto postcraneal de esta especie e inferir sus aspectos funcionales de la morfología. Se revisaron 29 ejemplares con material de postcráneo disponibles en dos colecciones sistemáticas: Museo de La Plata (MLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina y Colección de Mamíferos del Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas (UACH), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. Para la descripción detallada de la morfología de los elementos óseos se dividió al esqueleto en las siguientes regiones: esqueleto axial, cintura escapular y miembros anteriores, y cintura pélvica y miembros posteriores. Las estructuras incluidas en el esqueleto axial fueron descriptas principalmente en sentido cráneo-caudal y en los miembros en sentido próximo-distal. La observación de las estructuras se realizó con las lupas estereoscópicas Leica Wild M3Z y Nikon SMZ 745T, incluyendo fotografías para ilustrar las descripciones. En la morfología postcraneal de S. cyanus se observan características que se consideran altamente conservadas entre los miembros de la familia Octodontidae, pero algunos caracteres son exclusivos de la especie. El esqueleto axial está compuesto por siete vértebras cervicales, 12 ó 13 torácicas, seis o siete lumbares, cuatro sacras, entre 16 y 18 caudales, 12 ó 13 pares de costillas y un esternón compuesto por cinco esternebras. Los elementos óseos de las cinturas pectoral y pélvica como de los miembros anterior y posterior se describen en detalle, excepto los carpos y tarsos debido al mal estado de preservación o ausencia de los mismos. El patrón morfológico que presenta el postcráneo de S. cyanus se ajusta a un plan anatómico típico de especies terrestres y en algunos elementos óseos (húmero y ulna principalmente) se observan características típicamente asociadas con la habilidad excavadora. Los datos generados permitirán a futuro una mejor interpretación de los atributos postcraneales funcionalmente relacionados con los diferentes estilos de vida, evaluar sus estrategias locomotoras, así como también comprender la evolución de estos rasgos en un contexto filogenético. The genus Spalacopus includes only one species, S. cyanus, endemic to central Chile and one of the species best adapted to a subterranean lifetyle in the family Octodontidae. It is a member of the lineage consisting in Octodontomys as a sister clade containing Octodon and of a clade represented by Spalacopus and Aconaemys. Although the external and cranio-dental morphology have been well studied, little is known of the postcranial morphology of S. cyanus. Because of the peculiarities of its lifestyle and locomotion among the members of the family, it is interesting to characterize details of the morphology of the postcranial skeleton of this species and to infer their functional aspects of the morphology. Twenty-nine specimens with postcranial material stored in two collections were studied: Museo de La Plata (MLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Colección de Mamíferos del Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas (UACH), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. To describe in detail the morphology of the bone elements, the skeleton was divided in the following regions: axial skeleton, scapular girdle and forelimb, and pelvis girdle and hindlimb. The structures included in the axial skeleton were mainly described in cranial-caudal orientation and the limbs in proximal-distal orientation. All structures were observed with stereoscopic microscopes Leica Wild M3Z and Nikon SMZ 745T including pictures to illustrate the descriptions. Highly conservative characteristics among members of the family Octodontidae were observed in the postcranial morphology of S. cyanus, although some characters are exclusive to this species. The axial skeleton has seven cervical vertebrae, 12 or 13 thoracic, six or seven lumbar, four sacral, 16 to 18 caudal vertebrae, 12 or 13 ribs and a sternum with five sternebrae. The elements of the scapular and pelvic girdles as well as forelimbs and hindlimbs are described in detail, except the carpus and tarsus due to their poor state of conservation, or because they not available. The morphological pattern observed in the postcranial skeleton of S. cyanus conforms to a typical anatomical plan for terrestrial species, and some bones (mainly humerus and ulna) present characteristics associated with digging. The information obtained provided will allow a better interpretation of the postcranial attributes, functionally related with different lifestyle, in a future, as well as the evolution of the traits in a phylogenetic context. Fil: Pérez, María Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Programa de Investigación de Biodiversidad Argentina; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina; Argentina Fil: Díaz, María Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Programa de Investigación de Biodiversidad Argentina; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina

Community structure is strongly influenced by positive interactions between species. Detecting and describing these interactions is essential in the study of communities. Dolichotis patagonum Zimmer-mann, 1780 (CN: mara) is a cavid rodent that builds burrows for breeding. In this study, camera traps were used to identify which species use the burrows built by maras in Sierra de las Quijadas National Park, San Luis, Argentina. All burrows were used by other species. A total of 68.7% of all medium-and small-sized taxa recorded in this study used the burrows. This is a clear indicator of the role of D. patagonum as an ecosystem engineer in this environment. Fil: Gatica, Ailin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina Fil: Ochoa, Ana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina Fil: Denkiewicz, Natalia Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina Fil: Mangione, Antonio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina

With the purpose of broadening knowledge on the evolution of life history strategies and behaviour of fruit flies within the tribe Carpomyini, the natural history and mating behaviour of the poorly known species Rhagoletotrypeta pastranai Aczl, are described for the first time. Larvae of R. pastranai were recovered from infested Celtis tala Gillies ex Planch and Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. during a 2-month fruiting period. Adults emerged from the recovered pupae after an average of 144.9 ± 3.9 days for females and 143.2 ± 3.38 days for males, suggesting that most individuals became dormant. Results of a variable winter length study suggested that environmental factors other than winter length may regulate dormancy/diapause duration in this subtropical species. Under laboratory conditions, R. pastranai adults lived an average of 51.13 ± 3.06 days in case of females and 48.08 ± 3.76 days in case of males, and required 5-15 days to reach sexual maturity. Behavioural observations under confinement revealed scarce sexual activity but sufficed to determine that, as in other members of the tribe Carpomyini, R. pastranai exhibits a male resource defence mating system. We discuss our findings emphasizing the importance of documenting the natural history and behaviour of unknown species of family Tephritidae and additionally, we highlight the necessity of future research to understand factors regulating dormancy/diapause and the evolution of life history strategies and sexual behaviour of subtropical species. Fil: Moyano, Andrea del Huerto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Abraham, Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Ovruski Alderete, Sergio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Van Nieuwenhove, Guido Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Rull Gabayet, Juan Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina

One remarkable reproductive feature in animals with internal fertilization is a reduction in sperm viability over time in females. Whether this reduction is driven by male-male competition and/or cryptic female choice is unclear. From the perspective of cryptic female choice, we postulated that sperm viability is affected by a particular male copulatory behaviour. In this study, we investigated the following aspects: (1) sperm viability in mated females vs. males; (2) whether sperm viability varies temporally after mating; and (3) whether male copulatory behaviour covaries positively with sperm viability within females. We used the spider Holocnemus pluchei, whose males use several copulatory behaviours to court females. We found that females that stored sperm for 4 or 15 days showed no difference in sperm viability but had lower sperm viability compared with males, and males that performed a longer post-insemination behaviour had higher sperm viability inside the female. It is unclear how sperm viability is reduced and how male post-insemination behaviour affects this. It is possible that extending copulation allows males to induce females to keep sperm alive for longer. This result is predicted by theory whereby males induce females to facilitate sperm to reach and fertilize eggs based on male postcopulatory behaviour. Fil: Cargnelutti, Franco Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Calbacho Rosa, Lucía Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Uñates, Diego Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Costa Schmidt, Luiz Ernesto. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasil. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Córdoba-Aguilar, Alex. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ecología; México Fil: Peretti, Alfredo Vicente. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina

The aim of the current study was to investigate the entomopathogenic capacity of the mold Fusarium verticillioides and the effect of its mycotoxins fumonisins, on the grain beetle Sitophilus zeamais. We evaluated the capacity of this fungus to infect live insects, the antifungal activity of constituents of the insect’s epicuticle, and the effect of a fumonisin extract on the fitness of the insects. We found that F. verticillioides could not penetrate the cuticle of S. zeamais and that the fumonisin extract had no negative effects on the fitness of the insects. However, the progeny of the insects increased, and the fumonisin extract had repellent effects. This is the first report about the effects of fumonisins on the relationship between F. verticillioides and S. zeamais, which may provide useful information about interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and insects, especially on stored product pests. Fil: Usseglio, Virginia Lara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Dambolena, José Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Martinez, M. J.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Zunino, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

The Sierras Pampeanas Centrales, one of the most important extra-Andean mountain systems of Argentina, harbour endemic and threatened amphibian species. In the past century, two alien predatory fish species (brook trout and rainbow trout) were introduced into rivers and streams of the area where amphibian species breed. We hypothesized that the presence of trout would adversely affect the distribution of native amphibians in streams of the area. To test this hypothesis, the habitat requirements of trout and native amphibians were compared, and the effect of trout presence on amphibian occurrence was evaluated. Transects (n = 126) were surveyed along rivers and streams in high-altitude grasslands of the area, and the occurrences of trout and amphibians and habitat variables were recorded. The habitat requirements of each species were compared using multivariate methods. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate whether the occurrence of amphibians depends on trout, habitat variables or both. The distribution of each species between streams orders was assessed. The results showed that the presence of trout was the main factor conditioning the distribution of two endemic amphibian species (Boana cordobae and Odontophrynus achalensis) in basins of the study area. This threat needs to be incorporated urgently into action plans to guide conservation efforts towards the management of trout populations. Fil: Miloch, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Bonino, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Leynaud, Gerardo Cristhian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Lescano, Julián Norberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina