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Copyright of Journal of Society & Social Work is the property of Journal of Society and Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new reproductive technologies (artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogate motherhood, the birth of children from a woman with sperm donation, posthumous insemination, 'three parent' baby technique) have re-defined the concept of family by refuting in this aspect the exclusive principle of natural child conception. Posthumous reproduction is a technology that enables a child not only to be born but also to be conceived postmortem, after the death of one parent or both parents as in the case of embryo cryopreservation. In this text the author gives detailed explanations for posthumous reproduction; information about medical indications for establishment of parenthood by using frozen genetic material; the motives and the reasons why this radical method of reproduction is used; the legal, moral and ethical dilemmas regarding the technology of artificial conception; the legal status of cryopreserved reproductive cells as well as the reproductive freedom of a person enabling him/her to become a parent even after death. The text also points out the legal contradictions between the Law on Inheritance, the Family Law and the Law on biomedical assisted fertilization. The author also emphasizes the importance of the best interest of the child born after the death of the parent/parents in terms of regulating the legal status of the children conceived through this artificial means; the right to the acknowledgment/repudiation of paternity/maternity; inheritance rights of the child; the right of the child to live with both parents, which in this case is denied from the moment of conception. In addition to the analysis of domestic legislation, the text also provides a comparative framework on the legal regulation of posthumous reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ebola virus is known as one of the deadliest pathogens to infect humans. Children represent a minority of Ebola Virus Disease cases globally. Yet, the different Ebola outbreaks in Africa had a wide impact on children's lives and children' rights. Review the published literature to date on Children's rights during Ebola outbreaks. Outcomes shall contribute to get a better understanding of the main limitations or violations of children's rights, identify potential gaps in the literature and support the promotion and protection of children's rights for current and future health crisis. A scoping review from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was performed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles, reports and editorial, published on Ebola Outbreaks between 1976 and 2020 were retrieved. The UNCRC clusters of rights and treaty specific guidelines were used as a framework. Documents were found through a targeted search of websites from international or regional organisations involved in Ebola crises and children's protection. 48 articles and reports were reviewed. Few documents focused solely on children's rights. Several articles covered the topic of children and Ebola outbreaks. Most of the data are linked to basic health, education, discrimination of orphans and survivors. 31% of the reviewed articles underline the violence against the children (rape, abuse, Female genital mutilations), while 21% focus on the right to education. 23% cover the topic of orphans. Impact on mental health and SRH were amongst the other covered topics. A lack of data on children's rights and their violations during epidemics is observed. Regional and international collaboration is needed to document the situation of children in health emergencies. Health measures and strategies based on children's opinions and raising awareness of their crucial role in society is key. Child-centred guidelines should be developed based on these elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teoría de la Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anali Pravnog Fakulteta u Beogradu is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociedad e Infancias is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the medical field, the principle of autonomy means that the values, criteria and preferences of the patient are given priority in decisionmaking by virtue of their dignity as a subject. One of the most significant aspects in the development of the doctrine of informed consent has been the promotion of the autonomy of children and adolescents (NNA, in Spanish) through their inclusion in decision-making processes, both in the field of care, as in the field of research. Objective: to carry out a bioethical assessment of the principle of autonomy of the hospitalized adolescent from the perspective of the Health Personnel (PS, in Spanish) in the Ruiz y Páez University Hospital Complex (CHURR, in Spanish) in the period March to May 2021. Methods: descriptive transectional, with sampling intentional and implementation of an instrument for a population of 66 members of the PS and its subsequent descriptive analysis. Results: the PS showed a low level of knowledge regarding the basic definitions and rights related to the autonomy of the hospitalized adolescent; the CHURR also showed weakness with the absence of promotion, training and protocols to guarantee the rights and exercise of the autonomy of the adolescent, in addition to agencies of the National Governing System for the Integral Protection of NNA (SRNPINNA, in Spanish) that do not play an active role in the defense of their rights and guarantees within the hospital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to research how mass media in the Republic of North Macedonia report about the issues related to children. Under Macedonian law, a child is a person under the age of 18. The paper will examine whether the media observe the rights of the child and professional and ethical standards of the journalist profession. The subject of this research is reporting of the daily newspapers about child-related issues in the year 2018. The research is based on a target sample. The research units are daily newspapers. We will analyze four daily newspapers printed in Macedonian language: "Nova Makedonija" (New Macedonia), "Vecer" (Evening), "Sloboden pecat" (Free Press), and "Nezavisen" (Independent). The research is based on the content analysis method. The research period is November 2018. This month is chosen because the Convention on Rights of the Child was adopted on 20 November 1989. On the basis of former research on mass media, this research starts from the following hypothesis: the mass media in the Republic of Macedonia report insufficiently, stereotypically and sensationally about the issues related to children. The paper presents the author's conclusions on media reporting on child-related issues in the Republic of Macedonia and observance of the rights of the child in journalists' texts in the year 2018.

Adoption rates in Chile, in relation to the number of children placed in alternative care systems, are considerably low. Although there are a multiplicity of factors that motivate the previous situation, one that we consider of particular relevance, is linked to a mistaken interpretation of the principle of subsidiarity of adoption; according to which, the right of the parents is privileged, over the right of the children to live and be raised in the bosom of a family, which we consider to be in contravention of their superior interest. The objective of this article is to analyze the child’s right to live in a family and the principle of subsidiarity of adoption, in the light of the best interests of the child.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 285-295 | European Forum Insight of 15 April 2019 | (Table of Contents) I. Preliminary remarks. - II. The facts of the case and the preliminary ruling. - III. The impact of the rights of the child on jurisdiction rules under the Regulation (EC) 2201/2003. - III.1. Habitual residence of the child as key concept in the Regulation. - III.2. The notion of habitual residence of the child. - IV. At the crossroads between legal certainty and fundamental rights. | (Abstract) The impact of the protection of fundamental rights is a factor of increasing importance for the interpretation of EU private international law. In matters of parental responsibility, the application of the rules on jurisdictional competence contained in the Regulation (EC) 2201/2003 can have a significant bearing on the rights of the child protected by Art. 24 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The judgment of the Court of Justice in UD (judgment of 17 October 2018, case C-393/18 PPU) dealt with a case concerning the notion of habitual residence of the child, that plays a central role under the mentioned Regulation and that is related to the principle of the best interests of the child, as often remarked by the Court itself. The Court refused to provide a broad interpretation of the notion, even in a situation where the protection of fundamental rights was at stake, while highlighting the fact that the existing methods and techniques of private international law may already serve that purpose.

Participation is a right that children should have the opportunity to put into practice. Schools are an ideal setting for students to make their voices heard by expressing ideas, making decisions and formulating proposals. With the aim of exploring the options of the students to participate in the school and to point out ways to maximize these options, we conducted a study by means of an ad-hoc questionnaire addressed to all school principals in Catalonia. Specifically, 684 participated and the results indicate that not only do boys and girls give their opinion in class, but also make decisions when they work in groups, in relation to classroom coexistence or by voting their own proposals. In addition, they can influence the school by claiming and defending their interests. In conclusion, the different degrees of student participation reveal an evolution from symbolic or apparent participation towards giving opinions and making decisions, an also having an influence. However, participation in areas traditionally governed by adults and the possibility of establishing participatory mechanisms are rare. It would therefore be appropriate to strengthen the different levels of participation and to promote those types that have hardly been detected in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The child's right to play is specifically addressed in the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The international recognition of this right is the central theme of this study. Through a documentary analysis of the reports of the States Parties to the Convention and the Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the study assesses the recognition of this right. The entry into force of General Comment 17 on the right of the child to rest, recreation, play, recreational activities, cultural life and the arts (art. 31) in 2013 should have marked a turning point in policies on children in the States Parties, but this did not occur. Policies cannot be developed in favour of children where play is ignored. Identifying the difficulties in exercising this right is also a challenge. Play should be part of the objectives, goals and strategies of action plans for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, there is no law prohibiting children from working in the entertainment industry. Malaysia only provides general law on the employment of children and young persons in the entertainment industry. There are possibilities that children in the entertainment business will endure neglect and exploitation. Their working environment may expose them to possible harms, physically as well as psychologically. Like other children, child performers must have adequate access to education. However, their right to education is affected since the nature of their work impedes them from attending school at times. This study discussed the effects of working in the entertainment industry towards children, especially on hard access to education. The relevant laws in the Malaysian legal framework was be construed. The recent amendment to The Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966; known as The Children and Young Persons (Employment) (Amendment) Act 2019 which came into force on 1st February 2019 would be discussed. Under Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC), which emphasises the protection of the best interest of children all over the world; this study recommends a proper guideline to be implied upon the players in the entertainment industry. This guideline will be a part of the child protection policy, drafted specifically for children working in the entertainment industry. This study shows that law, policy, and legal enforcement are needed to fully protect children from risks and harm, including their right to education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the attitudes, behaviors, and views about the rights of the child of early childhood education (ECE) teachers in Turkey. A mixed-method sequential transformative design was used, and 205 ECE teachers' attitudes towards children's rights were analyzed using a quantitative questionnaire. Ten of these ECE teachers were then observed, and their views in terms of the rights of children were elicited through interviews. According to the findings, teachers' attitudes toward the rights of the child were positive; however, their behaviors and views were not compatible with most of these rights. While teachers were sensitive to the right to protection, they did not meet the requirements of the rights to development, growth, and participation or the principles of best interest and non-discrimination. Educating teachers about the rights of the child plays an important role in enhancing children's learning and the application of these rights. To support these rights, teachers need to properly understand the rights of the child, how to protect them, and how to reflect these rights in their practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional Privado is the property of Iprolex SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In early 2018, Austria amended its family benefits law by introducing 'indexation' according to the average living costs of the country where the child actually resides. What seems to be, at first sight, a flagrant breach of EU law (in particular of Article 7 of Regulation [EC] 883/2004) is, when looking deeper, much more complicated and might very well be only a symptom of deeply rooted differences in the interpretation of current, post-Lisbon Union law, (i) in particular with regard to the relationship between the traditional prohibition of "discrimination on grounds of nationality" (Article 18 TFEU, Article 21(2) CFR; the 'Leitmotiv' of the Treaties) and the "citizenship of the Union" (Article 9 second sentence TEU, Article 20(1), first and second sentence) on the one hand and the further role of the "nationality of a Member State" on the other, which shall, pursuant to Article 9 TEU, third sentence, as well as Article 20(1) TFEU, third sentence, not be replaced by the "citizenship of the Union", (ii) but also with regard to Article 352 TFEU, the scope of which is, most probably, much smaller than that of its predecessor, Article 308 TEC, (iii) and last but not least, with regard to a proper understanding of the principle of equal treatment, requiring not to treat alike factually different situations. Giving a full picture not only in abstract terms but demonstrating the relevance of the said differences on the concrete example of the interpretation of the above mentioned secondary legislation, the author aims at contributing to bridging gaps and, thus, fostering a better mutual understanding as a vital precondition for the future legal cohesion of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maetagused is the property of Estonian Literary Museum, Department of Folkloristics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the problem of significance the termination of pregnancy in the context of criminal responsibility. In the first step, the legal analysis is focused on establishing the change of legal status connected with abortion and all the consequences for criminal responsibility. The second section refers to the current act, trying to find the answer how to recognized the termination of pregnancy. The third part refers to legal situation in Czech Republic at this area. Finally, some reflections on the criminal liability for the place of the offence have been presented. The possibility of conviction for abortion in a country where it is legal should be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The promotion and protection of the rights of the child has always been one of the main objectives of the European Union, but it is also a result of international commitments. All Member States of the European Union have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the rules and principles of this Convention guide the policies and the actions of the Union that impact on the rights of the child. The Lisbon Treaty has conferred greater importance to the objectives of the European Union, and by Article 3 (3) of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child it was explicitly established the imperative obligation to promote the protection of the rights of the child. In addition, the rights of the children are enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which by Article 24 recognizes children as independent and autonomous holders of rights, also considering the best interest of the child as paramount in relations with the public authorities and the private institutions. The transposition of the European and international objectives, as well as of the fundamental principles referring to the protection of the rights of the child took place naturally through the adoption of new national regulations reflecting the acquiescence of Romania to the European objectives and its constant concern for the protection of the rights of the child. However, in many cases there are encountered in practice situations where, although there are both the legal basis and the mechanisms necessary for its implementation, the rights of the children are not respected and/or are not given due importance. This paper aims to draw attention once again to the essential rights of children and to emphasize the fundamental principles referring to the promotion and protection of rights of the children, with particular regard to the principle of the best interest of the child, as regulated at European level. The full understanding of this fundamental principle and its correct application have major implications in making any decisions and taking any measures regarding minors. The results of the analysis carried out can subsequently be used to thoroughly analyse this topic so vast and important, as well as to conduct comparative studies or researches on how the principle of the best interest of the child finds its effective application in concrete situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminal prosecution for the abduction of a minor should additionally protect the child's right to live with his parents, or other authorized caregivers, and also to maintain contact with parents or other relatives and close people. The paper is designed to explain the reasons justifying the existence of this incrimination. Some general considerations are given in the introductory part, with a review of the relevant international documents. The central part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of positive law in the Republic of Serbia, with particular emphasis on the mutual relationship between the criminal offense of abduction of the minor and the criminal offense of kidnapping, and to the analysis of controversial issues that arise in the judicial practice. The aim of the paper is to point out the real possibilities of criminal law protection in this sphere, as well as to emphasize the need to respect the letter of the law without loose and extensive interpretation in the judicial practice.

In recent years in Serbia - but also in recent decades in many other countries in the world - an intensive campaign of various social (most often Internet) groups against compulsory vaccination of children has taken place. Except for the pseudo-scientific study of Andrew Wakefield (1998), which has since been contested several times in serious scientific researches, as well as a few medical doctors in Serbia who referred to it, the whole of expert stakeholders, and epidemiologists in particular, has fiercely opposed the dangerous trend of parents renouncing compulsory vaccination of their children. This article aims to show that the consent to compulsory vaccination of children is not a matter of the right to autonomy in the field of medicine - which implies the freedom of every human being to decide on one's own life and body - but instead a matter of public health, which inevitably means of public interest as well, a matter which should be decided by competent professionals.

The purpose of this contribution is to explore the educationist thinking of children's writer Gianni Rodari and assess its relevance to today, approaching the centenary of his birth (1920), and with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989) now in its thirtieth year. The question is whether, and how, the ideas of Rodari the educationist and his vision of what a good educationist might be — as clearly stated and analyzed by Franco Cambi in Rodari pedagogista (1990) — have been embraced and promoted.

This essay examines possible coincidences in times of change in the economic development models observed in the last century and a half in Chile and the predominant conceptions present in social policies regarding the special protection of children and adolescents in vulnerable conditions, considering the same period of time. Sequential matching between the replacement of the models of both series of patterns is observed, providing that the succession of models -economic and concerning the child conception-does not occur on precise dates, but rather suggests periods of transition, including overlapping or coexistence of abandoned and emerging models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to elaborate on the practical implications of an understanding of human dignity both as an element intrinsic to the concept of person and as a foundation of human rights. These implications are projected on decisions pertaining to the refusal of medical treatment and surrogacy agreements in order to assess their alignment with or contradiction of the proposed notion of human dignity. Firstly, a definition is provided on the basis of international legal instruments on human rights as well as European and Argentine bills of rights. This is followed by a historical review of a classic philosophy approach to the fundamentals of human rights and human dignity. From the conclusions drawn, cases of refusal of medical treatment and self-determination over one's own body under conscientious objection and both altruistic and commercial surrogacy agreements are addressed. The former seems coherent with a founding sense of dignity; the latter is understood as contrary to the affirmation of dignity. Surrogate maternity practices are envisioned as a gender stereotype that reduces the woman and child to objects of third parties' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)