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Certain abnormal products of human tissues are resistant to degradation. The fibrillary ultrastructure of some of these are seen integrated with normal tissue components. The accumulations seen in colloid milium, lichen, and macular amyloidosis are of this type. Apoptosis of keratinocytes and filamentous degeneration of some proteins can be important in the pathogenesis. A similar pathogenetic mechanism is possible in ligneous mucosal disease, which is a rare disorder of plasminogen deficiency characterized by amyloid-like amorphous accumulations. Gingival and conjunctival mucosal pseudomembraneous masses are typical and concomitant involvement of other sites are not unusual. The accumulated substance is thought to be an abnormal fibrin degradation product. In this study, we have examined 6 representative samples from 5 gingival and 1 conjunctival lesions displaying characteristic features. Immunohistochemically, fibrinogen was detected as an early change. TUNEL staining revealed numerous apoptotic keratinocytes in this phase as well. These cells also expressed nuclear factor kappa beta. Apoptotic cells showed loss of epithelial cadherin immunostaining. In the later phase, the subepithelial accumulations failed to stain with antifibrinogen, wide spectrum, and high molecular keratins, type 4 collagen and nuclear factor kappa beta. Our findings suggest that the accumulations in ligneous mucosal disorder result from an abnormal healing process and they probably form as a combination of organised fibrinogen, epithelial fragments, and connective tissue matrix.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia or Heck’s disease, is a rare viral infection of the oral mucosa caused by human papillomavirus. The frequency of this disease varies widely from one geographic region to another. In Caucasians there have been only few cases reported. This paper reports a case of focal epithelial hyperplasia and demonstrates the association with HPV subtype 32 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of PCR products. A 7-year-old Caucasian girl was admitted to our clinic for investigation of multiple oral mucosal lesions in the mouth. Lesion was excised under local anesthesia without any complication. The lesion was diagnosed as focal epithelial hyperplasia according to both clinical and histopathological features. Dental staff should be aware of these kind of lesions and histopathological examination together with a careful clinical observation should be carried out for a definitive diagnosis. © 2011, Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India.

Osteomas are benign, slow-growing osteogenic tumors commonly occurring in the craniofacial bones. Osteomas are characterized by the proliferation of compact and/or cancellous bone. It can be of a central, peripheral, or extraskeletal type. The peripheral type arises from the periosteum and is rarely seen in the mandible. The lingual surface and lower border of the body are the most common locations of these lesions. They are usually asymptomatic and can be discovered in routine clinical and radiographic examination. In this paper, we presented a large solitary peripheral osteoma located in the buccal surface of the left posterior mandible and causing facial deformity in a 37-year-old woman. Radiographic examination by computed tomography revealed radiopacity with a well-circumscribed, pedunculated mass approximately 3 cm in size. The osteoma was removed surgically, and no recurrence has been observed.

Purpose This study investigated whether shortening of osteotomized jaws is possible. Materials and Methods Nine sheep were used (2 as controls and 7 as experimental subjects). Distraction devices that had previously been activated to 10 mm were fixed to the mandibles of all animals bilaterally and used in reverse as a contraction device. Control and experimental animals were sacrificed at 1 month and 3 months. Bone in the area of contraction was evaluated using radiodensitometry and microscopy. Results The mandibles were shortened an average of 5.5 mm. Exaggerated bone formation was seen around the osteotomized cortical bone. When histologic slices from experimental animals were examined 1 month after the contraction period, fibrous pseudoarthrosis formation was seen centrally, with hyaline cartilage around it, whereas normal bone formation was seen in the outer part. The hyaline cartilage had turned into normal bone 3 months after the end of contraction. Conclusions It is possible to shorten bones using contraction osteogenesis.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell neoplasm, and it is extremely uncommon in the testicles. We report a 73-year-old man with multiple myeloma presented with testicular plasmacytoma. He complained of left leg pain and scrotal swelling. Ultrasonography revealed testicular masses. Pathologic examination of the orchiectomy specimen showed plasmocytoma with kappa expression. Multiple lytic bone lesions were seen in bone survey scans, serum immunoelectrophoresis and bone marrow aspiration aided to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. He received chemotherapy, melphalan and prednisolone, and palliative radiotherapy. He succumbed to disease after 8 months.

Myoepithelial cells are an important component of salivary gland tumors and are partly responsible from the diverse histology of them. In this study, we focus on the myoepithelial cell differentiation by using cytological morphology in a various types of salivary gland tumors especially with regard to their contribution to the diagnosis. The relation of myoepithelial cells with stromal matrix and the associated epithelial cells were evaluated. Cytologic slides of one hundred and forty one benign and twenty malignant salivary gland tumors were examined for identification of morphologically different myoepithelial cells such as; spindle-stellate, polygonal-epitheloid, plasmacytoid, basal and clear types. The best examples of myoepithelial cells were detected in pleomorphic adenomas, in some monomorphic adenomas and in the adenoid cystic carcinoma cases. Most of the pleomorphic adenomas were composed more than one type of myoepithelial cells and epitheloid-spindle cell combination was frequent. Basal and clear cell types of myoepithelial cells closely resembled the epithelial cells and their identification was relatively difficult. Identification of myoepithelial cell types was easier when they were associated with stromal matrix material and stood as a secondary layer around tubule-forming epithelial cells. Myoepithelial cell components of various salivary gland tumors may be quite different and identification of myoepithelial cell types may pose difficulties. A confident cytologic identification of myoepithelial cells may be critical part of diagnosing salivary gland tumors.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of latency period on the bone formation after periosteal distraction. For this purpose, a rabbit model was developed and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were conducted. Study design Periosteal distractors were custom designed and built from stainless steel. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 18 each according to the duration of latency period. In group 1, the latency period was 7 days, and in group 2 it was 1 day. Distraction was performed by activating the distractor 0.25 mm twice per day. A periosteal distraction of 7.0 mm was achieved after a distraction period of 10 days. Both groups were divided to 3 subgroups according to the rabbits being killed on the 15th, 30th, or 60th day of the consolidation period. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the bone formation. Results In the histologic evaluation, new bone formation was observed on the lateral side of the mandible of all the rabbits. Histomorphometric measurements revealed that the mean area of newly formed bone formation was 2.62 cm 2 in group 1 and 3.26 cm 2 in group 2. Conclusions Periosteal distraction osteogenesis is a viable method in acquired and congenital alveolar ridge defects, resulting in new bone formation. Newly formed bone can be obtained by periosteal distraction osteogenesis applying different latency periods.

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of direct electrical current stimulation (DECS) on bone regeneration in response to an expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in the rat. Methods: Sixteen 50 - 60 days old Wistar male rats were separated into two equal groups (control and experimental). Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30-gram of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical-spring. In the experimental group, two metallic-screws were placed at lateral parts of the maxillary segments. Electrodes were connected to the screws. The device was activated with current adjustment to measure 10μA continuously and the current was monitored daily during the expansion and early-retention phase. Bone regeneration in the sutural area was histomorphometrically evaluated including new-bone area (μm 2 ), bone perimeter (μm), feret’s diameter (μm) and newly formed bone (%) parameters. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p ＜ 0.05 level. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups for all investigated histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p = 0.002), bone perimeter (p = 0.004), feret’s diameter (p = 0.002) and newly formed bone percentage (p = 0.002) measurements were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Bone histomorphometric measurements revealed that bone architecture in the DECS group was improved. Conclusions: The application of DECS to an orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture area during the early retention phase stimulated the formation of new bone. (Korean J Orthod 2010;40(2):106-114)

Objectives: The majority of the pathologic structures which are seen in the oral and maxillofacial region are either cystic or tend to show cystic changes. They may have not specific clinical and radiographic findings. Therefore, it is difficult to differentiate these lesions preoperatively. For this purpose, in this research, the value of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in preoperative diagnosis was investigated by comparing with the postoperative histopathologic diagnosis.Methods: One hundred aspirates from cystic lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region were included in this study. All of the samples except one were examined histopathologically and the results were compared.Results: The results of the FNAC specimens obtained from 100 lesions were compared with histopathologic diagnosis of these lesions. According to these results, 12 insufficient (12%), 7 positive (7%), 81 negative (81%) specimens were obtained. Among these 88 lesions, 69 of them were diagnosed specifically by cytological examination (78.4%). 62 of the 69 specific diagnoses achieved by cytological examination were confirmed histopathologically (89.85%). The histological types of the seven lesions were missed by cytological examination. There were not any complications related with the fineneedle aspiration procedure in the research.Conclusions: According to these results, the value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in cystic lesions of the maxillofacial region is found as successful as in the solid lesions. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:1-5)

The aim of this study was to histologically evaluate and compare the effects of the systemic administration of L-thyroxine (TX) and doxycycline (DX) on orthodontically induced root resorption, Twenty-eight male 50- to 60-day-old Wistar rats were used. Seven rats served as the baseline control. Seven animals received TX (20 μg/kg bodyweight/day) and seven DX (1.2 mg/kg bodyweight/day), by means of a mini-osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously. Seven rats were separated as a sham, in order to evaluate the pure effect of the surgical procedure on the animals' health. Tooth movement (TM) was achieved with a continuous force of 50 g by placing Elgiloy coil springs between the right maxillary first molar and incisors for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed and specimens containing the appliance and maxillary tooth-bearing segments were processed for light microscopy. The surface area of root resorption lacunae was measured histomorphometrically using digital photomicrographs. To evaluate the resorptive changes on the molar root surface of each group, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were also carried out. Statistical evaluation of root resorption percentages was performed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance test. Multiple comparisons were determined by the Student-Newman-Keuls method. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Histomorphometric analysis of root resorption, expressed as a percentage, showed that the average relative root resorption affecting the maxillary molars on the TM side was 0.32 ± 0.25 in the TX and 0.26 ± 0.06 in the DX groups and 2.19 ± 0.86 in the control. Statistically significant inhibition of root resorption was determined both in the TX and DX groups (P < 0.001) on the TM side. There was no statistically significant difference in relative root resorption between the TX and DX groups. Systemic administration of TX and DX demonstrated similar effects on root resorption in rats and may have inhibitory effects on orthodontically induced resorptive activity.

The purpose of this study was to report an extrafollicular adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in the mandibular anterior region in a patient. A 15 year-old female with a painless swelling in the mandibular anterior region was referred to our clinic. Fine needle aspiration yielded no fluid. Periapical, panoramic and computer tomography scans showed circumscribed radiolucent area with fine calcifications. The lesion was totally enucleated and the teeth 31, 32 were removed. The rarity of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor may be associated with its slowly growing pattern and symptomless behavior. Therefore, it should be distinguished from more common lesions of odontogenic origin in routine dental examinations. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:71-74)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), the key enzyme that catalyzes the first steps in the biosynthesis of the prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, appears to play a role in the regulation of progression, invasiveness and angiogenesis of various neoplasms. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of Cox-2 and angiogenic parameters (microvessel density (MVD) and vascular patterns) in 54 glioblastomas. We also examined their relation with prognosis. Cox-2 immunohistochemical expression was observed in 48 tumors (89%). There was no staining in six tumors (11%). On univariate analysis, MVD was correlated with a poor outcome (MVD > 70; hazard ratio, 0.441; 95% confidence interval, 0.200-0.975, P = 0.041). But MVD showed no prognostic impact on multivariate analysis. Neither Cox-2 expression nor vascular pattern showed prognostic value. The difference in Cox-2 expression between the classical and bizarre vascular pattern in glioblastomas was statistically significant (P = 0.047). However, no correlation was found between Cox-2 expression and MVD. These findings suggest that Cox-2 is heterogeneously expressed in glioblastomas without a significant association with MVD. However, Cox-2 expression may be related to vascular pattern in glioblastomas.

This report discusses the management of an internal resorption seen after a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy in a primary molar tooth and presents the histological evaluation. Internal resorption was detected in the distal root of the primary molar tooth at the coronal third, 3 months after an MTA pulpotomy. The resorption was not expanding and was repaired with apposition. At 36 months follow-up, the tooth was extracted, and histological evaluation showed that new mature bone tissue had formed in the resorption area. In addition, a hard tissue bridge was determined at the apical region of the resorption area and pulp vitality was also maintained. The evidence from this case study suggests that internal root resorption can be self-limiting, stable, and healable.

Reports on the incidence of odontogenic tumours are infrequent with only a limited number of series having appeared in the literature. In this paper, the results of a multicentre retrospective study on the histologic types and relative frequencies of odontogenic tumours in Turkey are presented. The results indicated that the most frequent histologic type was ameloblastoma (36.5 per cent) and the area at greatest risk for the development of odontogenic tumours was the mandibular molar region. A Table showing the most likely type of tumour by location is also presented.

We evaluated new attachment following treatment of experimental periodontitis in a canine model. Periodontal destruction was induced over an 8-month period using silk ligatures and a soft diet, and this remained stable for 170 days before surgery. After surgical scaling and root planing of eight bicuspid teeth, the apical end of the pockets was estimated using an occlusal stent and a periodontal probe, then marked with a blade. The root surfaces of three bicuspids were treated with citric acid for 3 min, and tetracycline salt was applied to the root surfaces of two teeth. The remaining three bicuspids served as controls. Postoperatively, no attempts were made to improve oral hygiene, and on day 48 light microscopic examination of biopsy materials revealed new attachment in all treated teeth. However, in some sections new cementum and new collagen formation was much more extensive and complete in both groups of experimental teeth than in the control teeth.

YÖK Tez ID: 176997 Enerji, genel olarak is yapabilme yetenegi veya potansiyeli olarak tanımlanmakla birlikte, degisikliklere yol açan etken olarak da tanımlanabilir. Bilim ve teknoloji alanındaki gelismelerle birlikte; yasam standartları ve tarzlarında büyük bir degisim gözlenmekte, mal ve hizmet, üretim ve tüketim kalıpları, fiyatları, talep yapıları, pazar kosulları, çalısma sartları, verimlilik vb. konularda önemli degisiklikler meydana gelmekte, küresel ürün ve pazarlar, dünya çapında dev organizasyonlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu gelisme ve degisimin sürati ve yönü büyük ölçüde enerji arzı konusundaki gelismelere baglı bulunmakta, enerji konusu bilim ve teknoloji alanındaki çalısmaların odak noktalarından birini olusturmaktadır. Gelisen sanayi, nüfus artısı, sınırlı olan dogal kaynakların ziyan edilmeden ve zarar verilmeden en iyi sekilde kullanılmaları artık insanoglunun gündeminde en üst sıraları isgal etmektedir. Özellikle medeniyetlerin ortaya çıkmasında vazgeçilmez unsurlar olan su ve enerji, dogal ve sınırlı kaynakların en önemlilerini teskil ederler. Suların ve canlıların hayatlarını sürdürdükleri atmosfer, biyosfer, litosfer ve hidrosfer katmanlarının temiz tutulması ancak yüksek verimli ve temiz enerjiyle mümkün olacaktır. Temiz enerji dendiginde ilk akla gelen hidroelektrik santrallerdir. Ancak hızla ilerleyen teknolojik aletleri kullanan sanayide buna alternatif olabilecek enerji kaynaklarının da bulunması sarttır. Bu durumda rüzgar enerjisinden yararlanılabilir. Son yıllarda birçok arastırmacı simülasyon veya uygulamalarla farklı kontrol yöntemleri denemektedir. Bu yöntemlerden üzerine ilgi toplayanlardan biri de bulanık mantık kontrol yöntemidir. Bu yöntemin daha gelistirilmis hali ise kazancı bulanık mantık kuralları ile ayarlanan yeni nesil PI kontrolörlerdir. Bu tez çalısmasında 9 MW'lık bir rüzgar türbini ve buna baglı asenkron generatörü kontrol etmek amacıyla bulanık mantık-PI kontrolör ve PI kontrolörler karsılastırılmıstır. Simülasyon sonuçları, bulanık mantık-PI kontrolörün tüm isletme sartları altında, sisteme verdigi hızlı cevaplarla PI kontrolöre göre daha iyi bir performansa sahip oldugunu göstermistir. Ayrıca bu çalısmada bir rüzgar düzenegi tasarımı hayata geçirilmis, deneysel sonuçları gözlemlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Enerji, Elektrik Enerjisi, Yenilebilir Enerji Kaynakları, Rüzgar Enerjisi, Rüzgar Türbini, Asenkron Generatör, Generatör Modelleme, PI Kontrolör,Bulanık Mantık-PI Kontrolör Although energy, in general, is defined as the working ability or potential, it can also be defined as the factor that causes changes. Along with the developments in science and technology; drastic changes are observed in living standards and styles; significant changes take place in production and consumption methods, costs, demand structures, market and working conditions and efficiency etc.; global products and markets, and global giant organizations emerge. The speed and the direction of this development and change depend mainly on the energy supplies, and therefore the energy issue constitutes one of the focal points in science and technology. Developing industry, population growth, optimal use of limited natural resources take a priority in the lives human race. Water and energy, which are the key factors in the emergence of civilizations, are the most important entities among natural and limited sources. Keeping the layers of atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere clean, will only be possible with highly efficient and clean energy. Hydroelectric power plants come to mind first in clean energy. However, alternate energy resources should be found in the industry that make use of high tech instruments. In that case, wind energy can be used. In recent years, several researchers experiment different control methods with simulations and applications. One of these methods, which draw significant attention, is fuzzy logic control methods. The advanced stage of this method is the new generation PI controllers, for which the gain is adjusted with fuzzy logic rules. In this thesis, fuzzy gain scheduled PI (fuzzy PI) controller is compared with PI controller in order to control a 9 MW wind turbine and an asynchronous generator attached to it. for controlling the power and enthalpy output of a thermal electrical power plant. Simulation results show that fuzzy PI controller?s performance is better than the other controllers under all the considered operating conditions with fast response to the system. Moreover, a wind mechanism design was realized, and experimental results are observed. Key Words : Energy, Electrical Energy, Renewable Energy Sources, Wind Energy, Wind Turbine, Asynchronous Generator, Generator Modeling, PI Controller, Fuzzy Logic - PI Controller.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm of the larynx. There are three variants of SCC. Each variant presents distinctive biologic behaviors and clinical courses. Therefore reaching the exact diagnosis and distinguishing the variants is fateful. We describe a case of spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx with a verrucous carcinoma component. To our knowledge, this entity has never been documented before.

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovarian endometriotic cysts and assess their relation with angiogenesis. Design Experimental clinical study. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) Fifty patients with ovarian endometriotic cysts. Intervention(s) Surgical excision of 50 ovarian endometriotic cysts. Main Outcome Measure(s) Microvessel density and the expression of Cox-2 and VEGF were analyzed immunohistochemically. Result(s) Cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity was mainly cytoplasmic in glandular epithelial cells in all of the ovarian endometriotic cysts, with low expression in 12 cases (24%), moderate expression in 21 (42%), and high expression in 17 (34%). Vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was mainly cytoplasmic in stromal cells in 46 (92%) of the ovarian endometriotic cysts, with low expression in 12 cases (24%), moderate expression in 18 (36%), and high expression in 16 (32%). No immunoreactivity was present in 4 cases (8%). Both Cox-2 ( r = 0.728) and VEGF ( r = 0.670) were closely, statistically significantly related with microvessel density in ovarian endometriotic cysts. Cyclooxygenase-2 and VEGF also were highly statistically significantly correlated ( r = 0.777) with each other. Conclusion(s) We observed Cox-2 expression mostly in glandular epithelial cells of ovarian endometriotic cysts, whereas VEGF expression was observed mainly in stromal cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 and VEGF were closely correlated with each other, and both of them appear to play a role in the angiogenesis of ovarian endometriosis.

Ciftci, Ergin/0000-0002-4955-160X; Klebe, Sonja/0000-0002-8976-4714; Hugle, Boris/0000-0003-1145-6719; Klammt, Jurgen/0000-0003-2293-9193 WOS: 000241586100028 PubMed: 16849641 Severe type I plasminogen (PLG) deficiency has been causally linked to a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes that may be life threatening. Here we report clinical manifestations, PLG plasma levels, and molecular genetic status of the PLG gene of 50 patients. The most common clinical manifestations among these patients were ligneous conjunctivitis (80%) and ligneous gingivitis (34%), followed by less common manifestations such as ligneous vaginitis (8%), and involvement of the respiratory tract (116%), the ears (14%), or the gastrointestinal tract (2%). Four patients showed congenital occlusive hydrocephalus, 2 with Dandy-Walker malformation of cerebellum. Venous thrombosis was not observed. In all patients, plasma PLG levels were markedly reduced. In 38 patients, distinct mutations in the PLG gene were identified. The most common genetic alteration was a K19E mutation found in 34% of patients. Transient in vitro expression of PLG mutants R134K, delK212, R216H, P285T P285A, T319_N320insN, and R776H in transfected COS-7 cells revealed significantly impaired secretion and increased degradation of PLG. These results demonstrate impaired secretion of mutant PLG proteins as a common molecular pathomechanism in type I PLG deficiency.

Two cases of ameloblastic fibrodentinoma localized in the posterior mandibular area are presented. The clinical and histological findings are discussed.

One endpoint of periodontal therapy is to regenerate the structure lost due to periodontal disease. In the periodontium, gingival epithelium is regenerated by oral epithelium. Underlying connective tissue, periodontal ligament, bone, and cementum are derived from connective tissue. Primitive connective tissue cells may develop into osteoblasts and cementoblasts, which form bone and cementum. Several procedural advances may support these regenerations; however, the regeneration of alveolar bone does not always occur. Therefore, bone stimulating factors are a main topic for periodontal reconstructive research. The present study was designed to examine histopathologically whether the application of an electrical field could demonstrate enhanced alveolar and cementum regeneration and modify tissue factors.Seven beagle dogs were used for this experiment. Mandibular left and right sides served as control and experimental sides, respectively, and 4-walled intrabony defects were created bilaterally between the third and fourth premolars. The experimental side was treated with a capacitively coupled electrical field (CCEF) (sinusoidal wave, 60 kHz, and 5 V peak-to-peak), applied for 14 hours per day. The following measurements were performed on the microphotographs: 1) the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the apical notch (CEJ-AN) and from the crest of newly formed bone (alveolar ridge) to the apical notch (AR-AN); 2) the thickness of new cementum in the apical notch region; and 3) the length of junctional epithelium. The following histopathologic parameters were assessed by a semiquantitative subjective method: 1) inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI); 2) cellular activity of the periodontal ligament; 3) number and morphology of osteoclasts; 4) resorption lacunae; and 5) osteoblastic activity.The results showed that the quantity of new bone fill and the mean value of the thickness of the cementum were significantly higher for the experimental side (P0.01). The location of the base of the pocket was positioned more coronally with respect to the apical point of the coronal notch in the experimental side (statistically significant P0.01). The length of the junctional epithelium and the number of osteoclasts were higher in the stimulated side than the coronal side; these findings were also statistically significant (P0.01). The comparison of the electrically stimulated versus non-stimulated mandibles with the semiquantitative subjective method demonstrated statistically significant differences in defined histopathologic parameters, except for osteoclast morphologies (P0.05).This study demonstrated that the CCEF method has the potential to produce reconstructive effects and bone deposits. Further investigations with respect to the theoretical determination of local field parameters of the periodontal tissue complex, such as permittivity, conductivity, strength of the field electrical stimulation applied to the periodontal field current density, wavelength, and signal frequency appropriate for this field, should be undertaken. Using different electromotive forces alone or in combination with bone graft materials, guided tissue regeneration techniques, and dental implants may achieve a new dimension in periodontal therapy in the near future.

The aim of this study was to compare histomorphometrically the new bone tissue obtained using two different distraction methods, and evaluate these two methods in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. In 36 New Zealand adult male rabbits, divided into two groups, a gradual distraction was performed using a device placed on the lateral surface of the mandibular corpus. In one group osteotomy was not performed and osteogenesis by periosteal distraction (OPD) only was used. In the other group, conventional distraction osteogenesis (DO) was performed. After a 7-day latent phase, the same distraction protocol was applied to both groups. Each group of rabbits was further divided into three sub-groups killed on the 15th, 30th and 60th days of the consolidation period, and histological analysis was performed. The mean extent of newly formed bone tissue was 14.4 mm2 in the OPD groups and 25.4 mm2 in the DO groups. When compared statistically, there were significant differences between all the DO and OPD sub-groups. The newly formed bone tissue obtained by OPD was rich in interstitial fatty tissue. These results indicate that bone tissue newly formed by OPD is not suitable for occlusal forces.

Background and Aim: Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is an autosomal recessive disease that presents with multiple subcutaneous nodular tumours, gingival fibromatosis, flexion contractures of the joint and hyaline material accumulation in extracellular area. Recently, the causative gene for JHF, capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2) was identified. In this case report, periodontal status, treatment and follow-up together with histopathologic evaluation of gingival tissue specimens and mutation screening of two JHF cases are presented. Case Reports: A 10-year-old female (case 1) and her 3-year-old brother (case 2) were first examined in our department with a complaint of gingival hyperplasia in 1991. Symptoms of the disease were detected in two of four siblings in the family. Several gingivectomy operations were carried out over 11 years with hygiene motivation and initial phase therapy. After the last gingivectomy operation in 2002, the patients were reviewed frequently. Results and Conclusions: Although there was linear marginal gingival inflammation, no remarkable enlargement was noted at last appointment. Histopathological findings showed increased amounts of subepithelial nodular connective tissue, thinned epithelial mucosa, separated inter-cellular bridges and decreased numbers of connective tissue cells in gingival tissue samples. Electron microscopic examinations supported the histopathological findings. Mutation screening of CMG2 demonstrated that the siblings were homozygous for a pathogenic missense mutation, V386F. Our clinical findings demonstrate that gingivectomy is useful and frequent periodontal visits are important for maintaining oral hygiene and decreasing growth rate of gingiva in JHF.

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus species. Cystic form of this infection mostly involves liver and lung. Hydatid disease of the parotid gland is a very rare entity that may be easily overlooked in daily practice. On the other hand, rupture of the cyst during surgery may give rise to serious complications. We present a case of hydatid cyst of the parotid and discuss the differential diagnosis of this rare condition.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the regenerative potential of autogenous periodontal ligament (PDL) grafts in the treatment of Class II furcation defects.Twenty mandibular Class II furcation defects from 10 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were selected. In experimental defects, flaps were coronally positioned following placing autogenous PDL grafts that were obtained from third molars; in controls, coronally advanced flap procedure without graft was applied. Clinical measurements including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), vertical and horizontal clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (GR) were obtained at baseline and after 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Vertical and horizontal defect fill was evaluated with open clinical measurements at initial surgery and reentry after 6 months. Gingival biopsies from the experimental and control defects were obtained at reentry and evaluated histopathologically in order to examine the soft tissue response towards PDL grafts.Sites treated with PDL grafts demonstrated significant improvement in vertical and horizontal defect fill, PD, and CAL at 3 and 6 months compared to presurgical values. The difference determined for the PD values of both groups at a statistically significant degree in favor of grafted sites was maintained at all observation periods. No foreign body reaction was observed in PDL grafts.These short-term results point to the potential of PDL grafts in promoting healing of furcation lesions. This preliminary study suggests that the use of PDL grafts may have beneficial effects in the treatment of furcation defects.

Objective To determine the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) on the preoperative presumptive diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Study Design Sixty-three patients, diagnosed preoperatively and postoperatively with ameloblastoma, were evaluated between 1990 and 2003. The patients were classified according to whether they were diagnosed with ameloblastoma preoperatively or postoperatively, on histologic examination. Results The accuracy rate for ameloblastoma was 0.95% for all biopsy methods, while the incisional biopsy rate was 75.00%. Concerning clinical diagnosis, ameloblastoma was mistaken mostly (56.41%) for odontogenic cysts (22 of 39). Conclusion FNAC should be utilized more commonly on intraosseous and soft tissue lesions in the oral and maxillofacial regions, to obtain sufficient material. It is convenient, inexpensive and noninvasive as compared with other biopsy methods.

WOS: 000226451900015 PubMed: 15660093 Tuberous sclerosis is a rare congenital disorder with an incidence of 1 in 6000 births. The classic triad is seizure, mental deficiency, and angiofibromas. Orofacial manifestations include fibrous hyperplasia, hemangioma, bifid uvula, cleft lip and palate, macroglossia, high arched palate, and enamel defects. Benign tumors of the jaws including desmoplastic fibroma, calcifying odontogenic tumor, and odontogenic myxoma have been recently reported in tuberous sclerosis. This case report adds fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the mandible to this list.

The decalcification process removes the mineralized part of the dental hard tissues, making the histologic examination of enamel-associated tissues less than optimal. The cutting-grinding technique allows preparation of histologic slides with well preserved dental hard tissues together with their surrounding soft tissue components. In this paper, the histologic appearances of undecalcified teeth and their associated periodontal tissues prepared using the cutting-grinding technique are described.

BACKGROUND : Utilization of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of odontogenic tumors seems to have attracted little attention. CASES : Ten cytologically diagnosed and histologically confirmed ameloblastoma cases were reviewed in order to establish whether it is possible to obtain a reliable cytologic diagnosis of ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION : Attention to the palisading arrangement of ameloblastlike epithelial cells and digitated, stellate reticulum-like cells may lead to the diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Ameloblastomas can be aspirated easily, and the cytologic features may be sufficiently distinctive.

PubMed: 15141726 Ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw containing varying amounts of calcified deposits such as bone, cementum or both. This type of lesion is referred to as dysplastic or neoplastic in nature. In 2000, a 52-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic complaining of a giant swelling in the mandibular premolar-molar region. A histopathological diagnosis of ossifying fibroma was made. Three months later, his daughter was admitted with a swelling on her mandible. Following biopsy, this patient was also diagnosed as having ossifying fibroma. The present report describes these two cases of familial and multiple ossifying fibromas.

Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma (VPA) of cervix is rare but a well recognized variant of cervical adenocarcinoma with favorable prognosis occurring in younger age group. A 28-year-old white woman, gravida 3, para 2 was admitted for abnormal vaginal bleeding, when she was pregnant at 8th weeks of gestation. Physical examination revealed about 2.5 cm polipoid lesion of the cervix protruding into vagina. Histopathological findings were consistent with cervical VPA. After termination of pregnancy, radical hysterectomy type III was performed. The patient underwent second, third and fourth laparotomies because of recurrent pelvic masses. At the end of five years follow-up period, she died because of the complication of recurrent tumor. VPA is not an innocent tumor, and can be complicated by recurrence and metastasis. More radical surgical and medical attempts should be planned.

Botyroid odontogenic cyst (BOC) is considered a rare multilocular variant of the lateral periodontal cyst. In this report; clinical and histopathological features of a case of BOC found in mandibular mental region of a 32-year-old woman is presented. There was a multilocular radiolucency extending from the roots of the right premolar to the left premolar, involving almost the whole height of the mandible. Histologically, there was extensive intraluminal epithelial proliferation in the lining and MIB-1 positive cells were noted in the basal layer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of nitrogen mustard on skin. Methods: Nitrogen mustard was applied on ventral skin of 30 rats. Sequential biopsies were taken during the ostexposure period. Slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and keratin PAN and high molecular weight cytokeratin and keratin 5. Results: The earliest findings are minimal polymorphonuclear leukocytes extravasation and edema. Heavy inflammation with formation of vesicles and bulla were present at 24 hours. At 6 hours, the upper epidermal cells showed weak staining with high molecular weight cytokeratin and keratin PAN. At 24 and 48 hours, only patchy areas of staining with high molecular weight cytokeratin and keratin 5 were present. Conclusion: One of the major mechanisms of injury by nitrogen mustard may be the disruption of cytoskeletal filament network.

Extracortical location of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is rare. We present a case of DNT localized in the left lateral ventricle of a 21-year-old female patient. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a round mass lesion in the floor of the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle. The lesion was hypointense on T (1)-weighted images and slightly hyperintense on T (2)-weighted images without contrast enhancement. Total removal of the yellowish-white colored soft tumor was performed through a transcallosal approach. Histologically, the tumor was of simple type of DNT that was composed of small oligodendrogliocytes clustered tightly about perivascular spaces with neurons floating in mucoid pools showing an eosinophilic fibrillary matrix in the background. The recognition of DNT with an unusual location in lateral ventricle has therapeutic and prognostic significance since DNT is curable by surgical excision and radiation therapy is of no obvious benefit.

The present study was designed to assess histopathologically whether the systemic administration of aminobisphosphonate (alendronate), 0.5 mg/kg body weight, is effective in preventing alveolar bone resorption following mucoperiosteal flap surgery, and whether alendronate modulates tissue factors.The effect of alendronate on bone resorption was evaluated in mucoperiosteal flaps used as a resorptive model. The animals were given subcutaneous injections of either saline (control group) or 0.5 mg/kg of alendronate (experimental group). The alendronate or saline was administered subcutaneously 1 week prior to surgery, immediately prior to surgery, and 1 week after surgery. The parameters determined with a semiquantitative subjective method for histopathological evaluation were as follows: inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI) of adjacent periodontal tissue, degree of fibrosis and collagen bundle formation, number and morphology of osteoclasts of the alveolar bone and interdental septum, resorption lacunae (osteoclast surfaces), and osteoblastic activity (forming surfaces).There were no statistically significant differences between the saline and alendronate groups with regard to inflammatory cell infiltration, number of osteoclasts, and osteoblastic activity. Fibrosis and collagen bundle formation, osteoclast morphologies, and resorption lacunae formation were significantly different between the two groups, in favor of the alendronate group.The systemic administration of 0.5 mg/kg alendronate was effective in preventing alveolar bone loss and in modulating tissue factors. These findings indicate that alendronate would be a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium available for the treatment of periodontal diseases, either alone or in combination with regenerative components such as anti-inflammatory drugs, bone graft materials, and guided tissue regeneration techniques, and even with dental implants.

The nitrogen mustard (HN2), which contains chloroethyl groups, is a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis and cell growth. It also has vesicant properties. Due to these damaging effects of HN2 on the skin, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and desferrioxamine were used in the form of ointment for treatment and prevention of the histopathological destruction of skin of guinea pigs. According to results of the histopathological study, both ZnCl2 and desferrioxamine had therapeutic and protective effects for HN2-induced skin damage at moderate levels. Taking into consideration the alkylating effect of HN2 on the skin, our results suggest that ZnCl2 and desferrioxamine may be used in the prevention of nuclear damage and for handling the burns caused by the HN2.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva. The mechanism that leads to the accumulation of abnormal amounts of gingival tissue in HGF is still unknown. The aim of this report was to present the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a patient with gingival fibromatosis and to evaluate the proliferation of HGF fibroblasts.We examined the proliferation rate of fibroblasts in this case by using Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining and compared the rate to fibroblasts of non-fibromatosis gingival tissues from 5 healthy patients serving as controls.There were no Ki-67-positive cells in the lesional tissue, and the control gingiva revealed no immunostaining. The number of Ki-67 antigen-positive epithelial cell nuclei was observed to be low in the basal cell layers of hyperplastic gingival epithelia, similar to the control group.In the present case, there was no increase in the proliferation rate of lesional fibroblasts observed by Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining as a proliferation marker; only the epithelium was stained. It seems likely that the underlying mechanism of HGF may be an increase in the biosynthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans rather than cell proliferation.

Background . Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare neoplasm that usually arises in the testis or ovary. We report a case of extragonadal yolk sac tumor located in the pelvic area. Case . A 33-year-old woman was admitted with a history of abdominal pain and distension. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a 63 × 63-mm hyperechoic mass and pelvic computerized scanning reported a pelvic mass mimicking a subserous myoma. Exploration findings revealed an extragonadal mass and she was treated with left pelvic mass extirpation, bilateral ovarian wedge resection, and reconstruction. Pelvic, paraaortic lymph node dissection and total omentectomy were also added to the operation. Histological evaluation of the specimen exhibited typical patterns of endodermal sinus tumor and stained for a-fetoprotein and cytokeratin. Four courses of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin combination chemotherapy repeated every 3 weeks were added to therapy and she has remained free of disease for 6 months after completion of the therapy.

Purpose: Structural changes in muscles may affect the process during and after distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the mandible. However, the response of the masticatory muscles is still not well defined after gradual lengthening of the mandible. In this experimental study, short-term structural changes in masseter muscles of the rabbits are evaluated after mandibular DO. Materials and Methods: Left mandibles of 10 New Zealand rabbits were lengthened by DO for 7 days in the rate of 1 mm/day. Mandibles of all animals were removed at the end of the consolidation period. Muscle biopsy samples of distracted and contralateral sides were histopathologically investigated, and histomorphometric results were statistically analyzed. Results: Atrophy, hypertrophy, regeneration, and concomitant mild interstitial edema and fibrosis were found more evident in experimental side biopsy samples 30 days after distraction. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the mean regions of masseter muscle fibers of the distracted sides compared with the control sides ( P Conclusion: This experimental study showed that the structure of masseter muscle is influenced during and shortly after mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Atrophic changes of the ipsilateral masseter muscles may be regarded as regenerative response that occurs during and shortly after distraction period. © 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:615-620, 2003

A solitary fibrous tumour is a pleural tumour which may rarely be detected at non-pleural sites. In this report, the case of a solitary fibrous tumour arising from the sublingual salivary gland is described.

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor, is an aggressive, destructive benign odontogenic neoplasm with a high recurrence incidence. While known as odontogenic keratocyst, because of having similar histopathologic characteristics with benign tumors, the parakeratotic type of this lesion was reclassified as a benign neoplasm by the World Health Organisation in 2005. A 37-year-old male patient attended our clinic with the chief complaint of swelling at the right mandibular molar region. Radiographic examination revealed a scalloped bordered radiolucency with well-defined, corticated borders. The result of the histopathological examination was reported as keratocystic odontogenic tumor, Keratokistik odontojenik tümör lokal agresif, destrüktif ve infiltratif özellikte ve rekürrens oranı yüksek olan benign bir odontojenik neoplazidir. Odontojenik keratokist olarak bilinirken, bu lezyonun parakeratotik tipi odontojenik tümörlere benzer histopatolojik özellikleri nedeniyle 2005 yılında Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından odontojenik neoplazi sınıflamasına dahil edilmiştir. Otuz yedi yaşında erkek hasta sağ alt çenesinde azı dişlerinin bulunduğu bölgede şişlik şikayetiyle kliniğimize başvurdu. Radyografik incelemede sağ mandibular ramus bölgesinde düzgün kortikal kemikle çevrili radyolüsent bir lezyon tespit edildi. Yapılan histopatolojik incelemenin sonucu, keratokistik odontojenik tümör olarak rapor edildi