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The present study conducted in the period December 2020 to January 2021 in the Iraq province of Baghdad on backyard flocks affected by external parasites scaly leg mites (Knemidocoptes mutans) the affected birds treated with the aqueous extracts(100, 75 and 50%) of Nerium oleander, which founded in the gardens and the public parks. And this plant has toxic effects on bacterial and external parasites. The leaves and flowers of the plant extracted in two ways to compare with each other’s and applied on the affected legs of the (37) chickens purchased from local markets for 21 days The lesions score evaluated depends on the cutaneous appearance of the legs of the chickens and examined under a microscope to identify the infestation that resulted in 16 chickens positively infested among 37 tested chickens. Divided into 4 groups treated with 50, 75, 100 % extract concentration and one group as the control without any treatment the 75% showed good results to minimize the coetaneous lesion if compared with others frequently and showed high effects on the Scaly Leg Mites (Knemidocoptes mutans) with reducing the symptoms and Parasiticide activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To define the impact of stress factors on physiological concentration of interleukin 10 in Iraqi local calves. Methods: A 5ml of blood was collected from 34 healthy Iraqi local calves, one to six months of age for assessment of IL10.Complete investigation about demographic and environmental was recorded. Results: Considerable variation was recorded among age groups according to IL10 concentration (p value =0.000). No considerable correlation was recorded among the age groups, gender and IL10 at the same time considerable variation in IL10 concentration between males and females was recorded (p value =0.013). Type of drinking water and type of feeding have no considerable correlation with normal concentration of IL10. Concentration of IL10 vary considerably among calves consuming grains and milk (p value =0.003). Considerable variation was recorded among calves under poor, middle and good health status of breeding environment. IL10 concentration correlated with breeding of calves in poor unhealthy environment (p value =0.018). Although considerable inconstancy for IL10 concentration over the year, no considerable association among season and IL10 except for winter season (p value =0.042). Conclusions: physiological level of IL10 in calves not affected by calves age groups; gender and water source. IL10 level positively correlated with milk feeding, poor health status of breeding environment and inversely correlated winter season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious pathogens appear as significant health troubles and the major causes of diseases and death worldwide, maybe a reason for the indiscriminate utilization of drugs and multiple drug resistance in human diseases. Due to the increasing drug resistance in human diseases, it is required to search for factors leading to treat diseases especially in developing countries and without side effects. Therefore, this article presents the utilization of natural products from gum Arabic as a source of antimicrobial and anticancer compounds. Gum Arabic probiotics catalyze the growth of beneficial bacteria that live in the large intestine of the human being since birth and are useful to the digestive system, immunity system and also, protect the body against pathogens, cancer, diabetes, and overweight. Due to its rich fiber content, increasing probiotic bacteria in the gut, promoting satiety following meals, slowing down gastric emptying, and regulating hormone secretion, it protects the human health. Cancer is one of the most important reasons for death worldwide and it is of vital importance to promoting new approaches against the pathogens. Basic cancer therapy is traditional chemotherapy but it is associated with normal cell toxicities. Thus, traditional cancer therapy usually gives rise to acute side effects and toxicities. Commonly, natural factors are significantly safe. Meanwhile, some plants such as gum Arabic are anticancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the effect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae as probiotic in drinking water on vaccination status against new castle disease virus, Infectious bronchitis virus and egg drop syndrome virus using Volvac® ND+ IB+ EDS KV by evaluation of total antibody titer before and after vaccination, albumin concentration, total protein concentration, CRP (c reactive protein) and egg weight for layer hens. Forty adult layer hens (Isa Brown) of age (18) weeks were divided into two equal groups:- Group1, received ad libitum water daily for 30 days, group2, received S. cerevisiae as solution 10 -20 ml/ 100 litter ad libitum water daily for 30 days. Both groups were vaccinated by Volvac® ND+ IB+ EDS KV 0.5ml/hen. Blood was collected every 15 days during 30 days to evaluate the effect of S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae cause significant difference in total protein, albumin, CRP, WBCs, RBCs, platelets and Hb between treated I and control group. Probiotics, caused higher weight for egg and body in treated group compared with control. Significant difference in HI titer for layers vaccinated with Volvac® ND + IB+ EDS KV 0.5ml/hen with and without addition of S. cerevisiae (10ml /100 ml of drinking water) for 30 successive days. The usage of inactivated S. cerevisiae (10ml /100 ml of drinking water) for 30 successive days improve Blood indices, blood proteins; as well as antibody titer against ND + IB+ EDS viruses; improved performance and increased egg production and quality of layer hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current objectives to evaluate the influences of drinking water quality on blood parameters and performance of ISA brown laying hens. Total of 6000 ISA brown layers of 200 day-old weighing 1.4 to 1.7 kg from three different farms in average of 2000 ISA brown hens per farm that utilize Agricultural drainage water, river water and tap water for drinking were put under investigation. Three samples of drinking water were collected from each source in hens house (agricultural drainage water; river water and tap water) at 15 days interval. Each time samples analyzed directly to determine turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit, NTU) (NTU), PH and electric conductivity. Three samples of blood were collected from wing vein at 15 days interval using EDTA free tubes for collection of serum to determine Serum Chloride, Sodium, Phosphor, Calcium and potassium . Productive Performance evaluated by determination of.egg weight, Hen day Mortality, body weight and food consumption were determined at 15 days interval. Significant difference, p value (0.001624) between three types of waters regarding turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit, NTU) (NTU); PH, p value (0.030139) and electric conductivity, p value (0.0000808). There was no significant difference in the serum level of Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, Phosphor, potassium, BUN and Creatinine of ISA brown drinks river water, agricultural drainage water and tap water. ISA brown drinks tap water have no mortality for the entire time of the study, higher hen day, higher food consumption, higher body weight and egg weight compared with other types of water with significant difference between them, p value = (<0.0001). Quality of drinking water has accumulative effects on blood parameters and direct effect on performance of ISA brown laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the protective role of ascorbic acid compared with d-l-á-tocopheryl acetate -sodium selenite combination on toxicity induced by sodium nitrate. Forty two healthy adult male mice divided equally into 6 groups and administered the following daily for 2 weeks : T1, received d-l-α-tocopheryl acetate(20 IU)-sodium selenite (260 mcg) solution 0.5 ml /L (DW) daily. T2, received ascorbic acid solution 0.5 gm/L (DW) daily. T3, received NaNO3 solution 0.5gm/L (DW). T4, received NaNo3 solution orally in dose 170 mg/kg and d-l-α-tocopheryl acetate (20 IU)-sodium selenite (260 mcg) solution; 0.5 ml/L (DW) daily. T5 received NaNO3 solution orally in dose 170 mg/kg and ascorbic acid solution 0.5 gm/L (DW) daily. T6 (Control) received DW daily. Considerable distinction in total WBCs and monocytes counts reported between all groups compared with control. Considerable distinction in total WBCs count reported between T2, T5 and T3 (p<.0001). Considerable distinction in total lymphocytes count between T6 and T2 (p<0.007), T6 and T5 (p<0.044). Considerable distinction in total monocytes count between T3 and T1 (p<0.008); T3 and T2 (p<0.007). Considerable distinction in CRP level between T6 and T1 (p value = 0.006), T3 (p value = 2.54E-06). Considerable distinction in CRP level between T2; T4; T5 and T3 (p<0.0001). Considerable distinction in serum globulin level between T6 and T1, T2, T4, T5. Considerable distinction in serum globulin level between T3 and T1, T2, T4, T5. Considerable distinction in serum cortisol level between T3 and T2, T5 (p = <.0001). NBT reduction was high among T2 (28.8%) and T1 (26.2%). The ability of monocyte–macrophage for NBT reduction was seriously affected in T3 (18.25%). Considerable distinction in intensity of NBT reduction, moderate (p value = 0.053181) as well as marked intensity (p value = 0.003338) among treated groups. D-l-α-tocopheryl acetate-sodium selenite and ascorbic acid have physiological protective effects, immunomodulatory activities and meliorate the hematological and immunotoxic effects of sodium nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Silica nanostructures were fabricated from Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) seed husk by acid-pretreatment and calcination. The fabricated silica nanostructure (SN) functional groups, crystalline nature, surface morphology, and particle size were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Additionally, the cytocompatibility of SNs was analyzed on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in an MTT assay, propidium iodine (PI) staining, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. We observed peaks at 1090 and 800 cm−1, which were assigned to symmetric, asymmetric, and bending vibrations of O-Si-O. The SNs showed an amorphous nature with a spherical shape and were 20-60 nm in diameter. The MTT assay results indicated that SNs exhibited cytocompatibility in hMSCs. The PI staining and AO/EB staining results suggested that SNs do not affect nuclear morphology at up to 400 μg/mL. Furthermore, SNs effect on osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs was studied. These results indicate that SNs induced osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs by upregulation of ALP, BSP, ON and RUNX2 genes. Our process could valorize the Pennisetum glaucum agricultural residues to high value products for bone tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objective: Most of the COVID-19 patients suffered from moderate to severe respiratory symptoms. Many of them needed oxygen supplementation or even mechanical ventilation. There is little data available about the use of either end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) or integrated pulmonary index (IPI) in these patients. The aim of this study to investigate the difference in IPI values for subjects requiring mechanical ventilation compared to those managed without ventilation and the correlation between EtCO2 and SpO2. Methods: This prospective observational study involved adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms. All patients were connected to a portable respiratory monitor with the IPI algorithm (Medtronic Capnostream 35) and treated according to a standardized protocol. Oxygen flow was adjusted to maintain oxygen saturation (92–96%). If the respiratory rate did not fall below 30 breaths per minute and/or the SpO2 did not reach the target, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was initiated. Patients with NIV failure was eligible for invasive mechanical ventilation. Results: SpO2 was significantly lower, while RR was significantly higher in intubated group compared to nonintubated group (P < 0.001 and 0.018, respectively). However, IPI, EtCO2, and HR did not differ among both groups. There was a significant positive correlation between EtCO2 and SpO2 at baseline before oxygen therapy (r = 0.419; P = 0.007). There was a significant negative correlation between CT score and SpO2 (r = -0.408; P = 0.01); however, there was no correlation between CT score and both IPI and end tidal CO2 at baseline (r = 0.017; P = 0.9). Conclusion: The integrated pulmonary index cannot be used as a single parameter for assessing respiratory severity in COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expired drug Metoclopramide was investigated as an antibacterial corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5M H3PO4 solution using the electrochemical method at 30oC and 60oC. The results showed that this drug is an efficient inhibitor for carbon steel and the efficiency reached to 82.244 % for 175 ppm at 30oC and 76.146% for 225 ppm at 60oC. The adsorption of drug on carbon steel surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm with small values of adsorption-desorption constant. The polarization plots revealed that Metoclopramide acts as mixed-type inhibitor. Some parameters of inhibition process were calculated and discussed. The surface morphology of the carbon steel specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Antibacterial activity of inhibitor was also tested. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the inhibitive role of Metoclopramide drug.

This study compared the outcomes of tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) and trochleoplasty for the treatment of patellar instability associated with trochlear dysplasia. This was a systematic review of the literature including published articles that describe either trochleoplasty or TTO in addition to medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for the surgical treatment of patellar instability associated with trochleoplasty. Main outcomes assessed were Kujala and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, in addition to recurrent instability and complications. Outcome measures reported were provided in a table format and a subjective analysis was performed. Ten studies were included with a total of 362 knees including 132 in the trochleoplasty group and 230 in the TTO group. Mean follow-up ranged from 27.6 to 61.3 months. At the final follow-up, both Kujala and IKDC scores improved significantly in all studies that reported both preoperative and postoperative scores in both groups. There was a total of three instability events in the trochleoplasty group as opposed to 21 in the TTO group. Both procedures, trochleoplasty and TTO, may provide satisfactory functional improvement in patients with patellar instability associated with trochlear dysplasia. However, trochleoplasty may be a better option to minimize the risk of recurrent instability. Level of evidence: level IV, systematic review of level III and level IV studies., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are among the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions affecting aging populations globally, presenting significant challenges in early diagnosis and management. This narrative review explores the pivotal role of advanced neuroimaging techniques in detecting and managing these diseases at early stages, potentially slowing their progression through timely interventions. Recent advancements in MRI, such as ultra-high-field systems and functional MRI, have enhanced the sensitivity for detecting subtle structural and functional changes. Additionally, the development of novel amyloid-beta tracers and other emerging modalities like optical imaging and transcranial ultrasonography have improved the diagnostic accuracy and capability of existing methods. This review highlights the clinical applications of these technologies in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, where they have shown improved diagnostic performance, enabling earlier intervention and better prognostic outcomes. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and longitudinal research is emerging as a promising enhancement to refine early detection strategies further. However, this review also addresses the technical, ethical, and accessibility challenges in the field, advocating for the more extensive use of advanced imaging technologies to overcome these barriers. Finally, we emphasize the need for a holistic approach that incorporates both neurological and psychiatric perspectives, which is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes in the management of neurodegenerative diseases., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Akram et al.)