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Introductory Note Who do we see as mad, and why? How do people decide that some person (possibly themselves) suffers from a mental disorder? History and anthropology tell us that in all human societies, people readily identify some forms of behavior as evidence for some dysfunction. In modern societies, we delegate final decisions about such matters to medical specialists. But that is of course a recent phenomenon (Porter, 2004). And, even in places with psychiatric experts, an individual mus...

For a maximal ideal $\mathfrak m$ of some anemic Hecke algebra $\mathbb{T}^S$, associated to an irreducible Galois $\overline{\mathbb F}_l$-representation ofdimension $d$, on can also define a Galois $\mathbb{F}_{\mathfrak m}^S$-representation$\rho_{\mathfrak m}$. The length of $\rho_{\mathfrak m} \otimes_{\overline{\mathbb Z}_l} \overline{\mathbb F}_l$ is equal to the number of prime ideals$\widetilde{\mathfrak m} \subset \mathfrak m$ and we try to translatesome of the properties of $\bigl \{ \widetilde{\mathfrak m} \subset \mathfrak m \bigr \}$into those of $\rho_{\mathfrak m} \otimes_{\overline{\mathbb Z}_l} \overline{\math bb F}_l$.For example the level raising (or lowering) property is encoded by the non semi-simplicity of$\rho_{\mathfrak m} \otimes_{\overline{\mathbb Z}_l} \overline{\mathbb F}_l$.

We exhibit cases of a level fixing phenomenon for galoisian automorphic representations of a CM field $F$, with dimension $d \geq 2$. The proof rests on the freeness of the localized cohomology groups of KHT Shimura varieties and the strictness of itsfiltration induced by the spectral sequence associated to the filtration ofstratification of the nearby cycles perverse sheaf at some fixed place $v$ of $F$. The main point is the observation that the action of the unipotentmonodromy operator at $v$ is then given by thoseon the nearby cycles where its order of nilpotency modulo $l$ equals those incharacteristic zero. Finally we infer some consequences concerning level raisingand Ihara's lemma.

Given a KHT Shimura variety provided with an action of its unramified Hecke algebra $\mathbb T$, we proved in a previous work, see also the work of Caraiani-Scholze for other PEL Shimura varieties, that its localized cohomology groups at a generic maximal ideal $\mathfrak m$ of $\mathbb T$, appear to be free. In this work, we obtain the same result for $\mathfrak m$ such that its associated Galois $\overline{\mathbb F}_l$-representation $\overline{��_{\mathfrak m}}$ is irreducible, under the hypothesis that $[F(\exp(2i��/l):F]>d$ where $F$ is the reflex field, $d$ the dimension of the KHT Shimura variety and $l$ the residual characteristic.

National audience; In nearly every documented society, people believe that some misfortunes are caused by malicious group mates using magic or supernatural powers. Here I report cross-cultural patterns in these beliefs and propose a theory to explain them. Using the newly created Mystical Harm Survey, I show that several conceptions of malicious mystical practitioners, including sorcerers (who use learned spells), possessors of the evil eye (who transmit injury through their stares and words), and witches (who possess superpowers, pose existential threats, and engage in morally abhorrent acts), recur around the world. I argue that these beliefs develop from three cultural selective processes: a selection for intuitive magic, a selection for plausible explanations of impactful misfortune, and a selection for demonizing myths that justify mistreatment. Separately, these selective schemes produce traditions as diverse as shamanism, conspiracy theories, and campaigns against heretics—but around the world, they jointly give rise to the odious and feared witch. I use the tripartite theory to explain the forms of beliefs in mystical harm and outline 10 predictions for how shifting conditions should affect those conceptions. Societally corrosive beliefs can persist when they are intuitively appealing or they serve some believers’ agendas.

A particular case of Bergeron-Venkatesh's conjecture predicts that torsion classes in the cohomology of Shimura varieties are rather rare. According to this and for Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor type of Shimura varieties, we first associate to each such torsion class an infinity of irreducible automorphic representations in characteristic zero, which are pairwise non isomorphic and weakly congruent. Then, using completed cohomology, we construct torsion classes in regular weight and then deduce explicit examples of such automorphic congruences., Comment: compared to arXiv:1610.10020, to construct torsion we simply use completed cohomology

Insufficient volume of the future liver remnant (FLR) is a major cause of non-resectable disease in patients presenting with primary or metastatic liver tumours. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combined preoperative portal and hepatic vein embolization (biembolization) before extended right liver resections. This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary centre between 2014 and 2015. Combined right portal and hepatic vein embolization (biembolization) was proposed, as an alternative to ALPPS procedure, for all patients with primary or metastatic liver tumour, before right extended hepatectomy. CT scan liver volumetry was assessed before biembolization, three weeks after biembolization and one week after surgery. Seven patients underwent biembolization. All patients had right portal vein embolization (PVE) combined with right hepatic vein embolization (HVE, n = 4), median HVE (n = 2) and right + median HVE (n = 1). Three patients had preoperative liver disease and two received preoperative chemotherapy. No biembolization procedure-related complications occurred. The mean FLR regeneration rate was 52.6% (range: 18.2–187.9) after the biembolization. One patient with gallbladder carcinoma was not operated because of peritoneal carcinomatosis diagnosed after the biembolization. The remnant six patients did not develop postoperative liver failure. Biembolization seems to induce safe, reproducible and effective FLR growth before extended right hepatectomy, in patients with primary or metastatic liver tumour.

We tackle three related problems. The first deals with freeness of localized cohomology groups of Harris-Taylor perverse sheaves, defined on the special fiber of some Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor Shimura variety. We then study the nilpotent monodromy operator acting both on the global cohomology of KHT Shimura variety and on the perverse sheaf of vanishing cycles. We then exhibe cases of level fixing phenomenon in the sense where the level at some fixed place of any rise in characteristic zero of an irreducible automorphic representation, is fixed equals to the one modulo l.

International audience; The Mazur principle give simple conditions for an irreducible unramified F l-representation coming from a modular form of level Γ 0 (N p) to come for some modular form of level Γ 0 (N). The aim of this work is to give a generalization of this principle in higher dimension for some particular extended inner forms non quasi split of a unitary group studying the torsion cohomology classes of Shimura varieties of Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor type within its link with the local monodromy degeneracy.; Le principe de Mazur fournit des conditions simples pour qu'une F l-représentation irréductible non ramifiée provenant d'une forme modulaire de niveau Γ 0 (N p) provienne aussi d'une forme de niveau Γ 0 (N). L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une généralisation de ce principe en dimension supérieure pour certaine formes intérieures étendues non quasi-déployée d'un groupe unitaire en étudiant la torsion dans la cohomologie des variétés de Shimura dites de Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor en lien avec la dégénérescence de la monodromie locale.

International audience; The Mazur principle give simple conditions for an irreducible unramified F l-representation coming from a modular form of level Γ 0 (N p) to come for some modular form of level Γ 0 (N). The aim of this work is to give a generalization of this principle in higher dimension for some particular extended inner forms non quasi split of a unitary group studying the torsion cohomology classes of Shimura varieties of Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor type within its link with the local monodromy degeneracy.; Le principe de Mazur fournit des conditions simples pour qu'une F l-représentation irréductible non ramifiée provenant d'une forme modulaire de niveau Γ 0 (N p) provienne aussi d'une forme de niveau Γ 0 (N). L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une généralisation de ce principe en dimension supérieure pour certaine formes intérieures étendues non quasi-déployée d'un groupe unitaire en étudiant la torsion dans la cohomologie des variétés de Shimura dites de Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor en lien avec la dégénérescence de la monodromie locale.

Persitence of non degeneracy is a phenomenon which appears in the theory of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_l$-representations of the linear group: every irreducible submodule of the restriction to the mirabolic subgroup of an non degenerate irreducible representation is non degenerate. This is no more true in general, if we look at the modulo l reduction of some stable lattice. As in the Clozel-Harris-Taylor generalization of global Ihara's lemma, we show that this property, called non degeneracy persitence, remains true for lattices given by the cohomology of Lubin-Tate spaces.