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Laboratory investigations using balloon tests were performed on normally consolidated kaolin samples to investigate their behaviour during and after the balloon expansion. The tests were carried out to simulate a soft soil improvement technique called CPR grouting (acronym for deep radial consolidation). The results allowed estimations of the parameters used in the design method, such as the consolidation potential, and evaluating the generation of pore pressures, injection pressures, post improvement deformation and optimised expanded volume. It was observed that the consolidation potential was extremely dependent on the substitution ratio. The tests satisfactorily reproduced the behaviour of the technique and represent a new device for geotechnical engineers, especially for those concerned with the improvement of soft soils.

Violencia y Estado desde una visión política

This article analyzes the challenges faced for the application of educational strategies for physicians in the Programa Mais Médicos of Brasil (“More Physicians”) and the contributions of these professionals to the work processes of Family Health teams with a focus on achieving comprehensiveness of health care and the expansion of health care. access to hard-to-reach regions. It is a documentary analysis of a descriptive nature, which includes from laws and regulations, norms, opinions, letters, memo, personal diaries, autobiographies, newspapers, magazines, speeches, radio and television program scripts to books, statistics and files schoolchildren. The results indicate that there is a need for dynamic flexibility in educational actions, focusing on the needs of the population and regions that host the program to reduce care inequities and favor the strengthening of bonds between staff and users in order to provide comprehensive care . Among the challenges, we can highlight the program's contribution to the reduction of practices segmented by professional categories, subordinated to the (bio)medical figure and knowledge, with limited interprofessional and team-community interaction in the construction of common care and interconstitutive knowledge. However, it could be concluded that the contribution of the doctors of the “Mais Médicos” Program in Brazil, in addition to reducing inequities and expanding access to healthcare for the population, also contributes to the deconstruction of the hegemonic medical model, taking into account the importance of interdisciplinary knowledge for the success of comprehensive health care. In addition, it reiterates the importance of dynamic actions focusing on local and territorial reality for educational strategies, as territories have peculiar characteristics, developing the critical-reflective process of professionals and capable of solving demands in different regions.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory condition associated with an oral microbiome dysbiosis that results in gingival inflammation and clinical attachment loss. Periodontal therapies are based on scaling and root planing to disturb the bacterial biofilm mechanically and remove calculus and contaminated cementum. Research does not support the use of root modifiers for decontamination and biomodification of periodontally affected root surfaces. Standardized clinical trials in large populations, assessing biological and patient-reported outcome measures, are necessary to evaluate candidate biomaterials for decontamination and biomodification of periodontally affected root surfaces.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) surface has a negative charge that allows the adsorption of calcium ions to initiate the nucleation of different calcium phosphate phases. The aim of this study was to investigate different methods of mineralization on three-dimensional microporous bacterial nanocellulose, to mimetize the composition, structure, and biomechanical properties of natural bone. To generate 3D microporous biomaterial, the porogen particles were incorporated during the BNC fermentation with the strain Komagataeibacter medellinensis. Calcium phosphates (CPs) were deposited on BNC scaffolds by five alternating immersing cycles with calcium and phosphate solutions. Scanning electron microscopy micrograph showed that the scaffolds have different pore sizes, between 70 and 350 µm, but the porous interconnectivity was affected by the biomineralization method and time. The crystals on the BNC surface are shown to be rod-shaped with a calcium phosphate ratio similar to that of immature bone, increasing from 1.13 to 1.6 with cycle numbers. The main mineral phases obtained by X-ray diffraction were Octacalcium Dihydrogen Hexakis (phosphate (V)) Pentahydrate (OCP). In vitro cell studies showed good cellular adhesion and higher cell viability to 95% in all the scaffolds. Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffolds was evaluated by bone expression markers like alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. In conclusion, it is possible to prepare 3D BNC scaffolds with controlled microporosity, which could allow osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.

A novel complex comprising an ion pair of arginine–arginine carbamate is reported herein, which is isolated from an aqueous l-arginine solution after reacting with CO2. Its structure was unambiguou...

RESUMO A partir de referenciais do feminismo negro, da perspectiva interseccional e dos estudos étnicoraciais no Brasil, problematizam-se o racismo e o sexismo na academia brasileira com base na caracterização e análise da presença/ausência de professoras negras em programas de pós-graduação em ciências da saúde de duas universidades federais fluminenses, UFRJ e UFF. Utilizando informações de sites de 31 Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPG), reconstruíram-se quantitativamente os perfis de gênero e étnico-raciais por universidade e área de avaliação. Identificaram-se 23 professoras negras que ocupam 26 vagas docentes nos PPG analisados. Com base em informações da Plataforma Lattes, também se abordou longitudinalmente a dimensão de estudo. Os resultados assinalam que a presença de professoras negras é de 2% na UFRJ e de 6% na UFF; que ela é maior em áreas relativas aos cuidados e ínfima em áreas de maior prestígio científico e socioeconômico, como medicina. Constata-se o racismo como principal sistema de poder, operando no contexto institucional e disciplinar. Neste último, associado ao sexismo que determina as hierarquias de gênero nas áreas de saúde. Observa-se, também, que as desigualdades de raça se sobrepõem às de gênero no contexto desta pesquisa, confirmando as teses que apontam o epistemicídio dos saberes negros. ABSTRACT Based on black feminism, intersectional perspective and Brazilian ethnic-racial studies, the paper problematized racism and sexism in the Brazilian academy. It characterizes and analyses the presence/ absence of black women professors in PhD programs in health sciences of two federal universities, UFRJ and UFF. Using information from the websites of 31 PhD programs, we reconstructed, quantitatively, the gender and ethnic-racial profiles of the PhD programs by university and evaluation area. Twentythree black women professors were identified in 26 teaching positions. Based on information from the Plataforma Lattes, we also addressed the study dimension longitudinally. The results indicate that the presence of black women professors is 2% at UFRJ and 6% at UFF. It is greater in areas related to care, and non-existent in areas of greater scientific and socio-economic prestige, such as Medicine. Racism is seen as the main power system, operating in the institutional and disciplinary context. In the latter, it is associated with sexism that determines gender hierarchies in health fields. It is also observed that race inequalities overlap with gender inequalities in the context of this research, confirming the theses that point to the epistemicide of black knowledge.

The objective of this research was to determine some of the sociodemographic and academic characteristics of the students who entered the Dentistry career in the period 2007 to 2014. Data was collected from 673 student files. The variables considered were sex, admission age, marital status, children, nationality, place of origin, high school of origin, and admission exam score. The data was obtained from the database of the Student Applications System, the physical files, and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica. Descriptive statistics were performed, establishing the absolute and relative frequency of the variables. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine if there were statistically significant differences between the admission exam and the established sociodemographic variables (p

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer amongst men, and one of its treatments in the localized stage is radical prostatectomy (RP). This technique achieves a high success rate regarding oncological results, but one of its main drawbacks are sexual disorders, especially erectile dysfunction, ranging from 14-90% of the cases. Therefore, surgery advancements in the last decade have been focused on minimizing the impact on patient’s functioning. Now is time for a step forward in the recovery of functional outcomes after RP. Bioengineering solutions such as stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering hold great opportunities for the treatment of all tissues and organs dysfunctions, which may help in neuroprotection and neuro-regeneration. Specifically, the use of Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) allografts and chitosan membranes (ChiMe) aims at reconstructing damaged neurovascular plexuses of the urogenital system to support erectile function recovery. Some research is being done on this topic, and promising results are emerging.

This research evaluated the chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum and Syzygium aromaticum and to characterize their complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using physical mixing, kneading, and co-precipitation methods. Gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer showed that methyl-chavicol and eugenol were, respectively, the major compounds from O. basilicum and S. aromaticum. By the use different vibrational spectroscopic methods (ATR-FTIR and FT-Raman) and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA), it was possible to strongly suggest the formation of EO-β-CD complex. The antioxidant activity was evident in S. aromaticum EO due to the presence of the eugenol compound in the complexes. The antioxidant stability was evaluated at different temperatures, in which OE had its antioxidant activity reduced drastically while the complexes had a reduction of 6–13% of its activity. The antimicrobial activity was observed for EO and its complexes of S. aromaticum against yeasts of the genus Candida, in which there was a reduction of the concentration of the MIC and CFM for the complexes formed by the co-precipitation methodology. The antitumor activity against HT-29 and HeLa cells was observed in both EOs, in contrast, the cytotoxicity of EOs was also increased. The complex formed from OE S. aromaticum showed the best antitumor activity against HT-29 cells (IC 50 = 12.5 µg/mL) with a better selectivity index (IS = 12.32). It is concluded that the techniques used were suitable for the confirmation of the complexes with β-CD, and that the complexation contributed with the stability and action of the essential oils evaluated, allowing their use in the various industrial sectors, such as pharmaceutical and food industry.

Neste artigo apresentamos uma experiência formativa na Licenciatura em Pedagogia, que emergiu diante de um cenário de novas adversidades, desafiando-nos a repensar o desenvolvimento do Estágio Supervisionado com mediação tecnológica, no âmbito de um curso presencial, em uma universidade pública. Este redesenho do componente de Estágio Supervisionado incorporou um empreendimento de aperfeiçoamento profissional docente a partir da mobilização de aprendizagens profissionais sobre a docência, de forma articulada e investigativa, integrando professores do Ensino Superior, da Educação Básica e licenciandos de Pedagogia, cuja aliança formativa envolve a formação inicial e a formação continuada de professores para a Educação Básica. Tal experiência formativa docente apresentada neste texto foi delineada pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Interface: Investigação Interdisciplinar sobre a Formação do Educador, apresentada neste estudo, caracterizase pela intencionalidade formativa de encontros de formação intergeracional de professores que expressam a dinâmica da formação inicial e continuada nos arranjos desenvolvidos em práticas de Co-Docência para o Estágio Supervisionado. Neste estudo, a Co-Docência é compreendida como assessoria pedagógica sistemática e transversal dos docentes da Educação Básica e da Universidade aos licenciandos em iniciação profissional, estagiários e estagiárias. Os resultados são valiosos e inéditos, especialmente, em tempos de crise sanitária, com a melhoria da formação docente para atuação qualificada e científica na Educação Básica, reverberando em novos resultados e perspectivas para egressos do curso de Pedagogia, assim como da atualização do que se torna relevante no currículo da formação de professores.

This research assessed the effect of the addition of turmeric (Curcuma longa) hydroalcoholic extract (HET) and polymer concentration on the physicochemical properties of chitosan films at 1.5 and 2% (w/v), as well as on the extension of the shelf life of minimally processed pineapple (MPP) from the variety Golden Sweet (MD-2) stored at 5 ± 1 °C. The solutions were prepared in lactic acid solution 1% (v/v), with further addition of 0.1% (v/v) of Tween 80 and HET at 0.2 and 0.4% (v/v). Fruits were peeled and cut into quarters of 1 cm thick slices and were then divided at random according to the coatings to be applied: PQ, 1.5% (w/v) chitosan coating; PQC, 1.5% (w/v) chitosan coating with 0.4% (w/v) HET; and PC, control treatment. The concentrations of chitosan and HET did not affect the water vapor permeability, water solubility and apparent opacity of the films. The tensile strength increased with the concentration of chitosan and HET, while the elongation at break decreased with the increasing polymer concentration. It increased the brightness of films with the concentration of chitosan and HET. The b* values corresponded to the yellow color of films, and a* were associated with a greenish hue provided by the HET. The shelf life of MPP was increased by 33.33% with the application of chitosan and HET coating due to higher sensory quality, and no visible fungal spoilage after 12 days of storage compared to 8 and 10 days for uncoated and chitosan-coated products, respectively.

This academic paper was developed with the aim of analyzing the management challenges for the effectiveness of professionalization. Managers of companies and educational units must contain all their demands in a unit in the administrative sector, so that there are no gaps or divisions in the separation of problems, such as lack of communication and difficulty in working as a team. Therefore, thinking about the actions of managers is immensely important for a good forwarding of professionalization. This is a bibliographical and documentary research, with a qualitative interpretive nature. With regard to the conditions for the effectiveness of the management process in the Brazilian business and educational fields, it became effective for us to carry out a bibliographic survey of existing studies on the subject since the turn of the 21st century. It is argued, therefore, that it is necessary to adopt a more professional and qualified management for the development and concreteness of the professional subject, as well as all those involved in the administrative system.

The Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade requires the replacement of standard 8.3 T Nb-Ti main dipole magnets with pairs of shorter 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. After the manufacturing and testing of several 2 m-long 11 T models, the full-length 11 T magnet series production is now ongoing. As a result of a degraded quench performance in several short models, attributed to excessive stress in the coils’ midplanes, an upper hard limit for the coils’ pre-stress was set to avoid any conductor degradation. With the aim of further investigating the influence of a lower pre-stress, an additional double-aperture short model was manufactured. The first aperture was assembled with the standard pre-stress target, in line with the series production. The second aperture was assembled with half of the standard pre-stress. Both apertures were then assembled into a 2-in-1 structure, but connected individually in order to power them independently to allow for comparison studies. Contrary to previously built 11 T magnets, the conductor type is also different as Powder-in-tube (PIT) cable was used, instead of standard Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) cable. Additionally, the quench heaters for magnet protection were not impregnated as previously done, but placed on the outer radial surface of the coils, in agreement with the final decision for the 11 T series production. This paper describes the manufacturing and testing campaign results of this last 11 T short model.

The present paper delimited as a general objective to analyze the theme of women in relation to discrimination, violence and struggles in contemporary Brazil. This is a qualitative work, with a bibliographic nature, in which we revisit studies that deal with women and their struggles for insertion in the labor market, as well as the current conditions for the insertion of women in the commercial field. The relevance of our study lies in the current condition of women, who, according to the Brazilian Federal Constitution (1988), have the same rights as men, and it is necessary to discuss the subject. Given the degree of vulnerability of women in the context of domestic and family violence, it is of paramount importance that studies be developed that focus on ways to protect women against all forms of violence, bringing in their scope a range of possibilities for reflection. Our results pointed to a great scarcity that still exists in work opportunities for women, but despite the great discrimination, violence and struggles, in the twelfth century they have been gaining insertion and representation.

This study was to evaluate the biological activity of the extract of Botryosphaeria fabicerciana isolated from leaves of Morus nigra. The volatile compounds from the crude extract were analysed by GC-MS which demonstrate that mellein and β-orcinaldehyde were are the major compounds. The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract was observed against Gram-positive bacteria, with a MIC of 15.6 μg/mL towards B. cereus and MIC of 62.5 μg/mL towards S. aureus and B. subtilis. MBC values of 31.25 μg/mL, 62.5 μg/mL, and 250 μg/mL were observed towards B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus, respectively. The cytotoxicity analyses showed CC50 of 115 μg/mL. The crude extract showed antioxidant activity by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Therefore, the extract of the endophytic fungus presented biotechnological potential as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.

A situação do saneamento básico brasileiro tem um contexto marcado por precariedades. Sanear essa realidade, primariamente, requer um bom planejamento estratégico. Seguindo as diretrizes nacionais, os municípios brasileiros são os responsáveis por formular suas respectivas políticas públicas de saneamento básico, ficando obrigados a elaborar seus Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico (PMSBs). No Estado de Rondônia, atualmente dezenove municípios estão realizando a construção de seus PMSBs, contando com assessoramento técnico do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia (IFRO), por meio do “Projeto Saber Viver” (Portaria nº 1876/REIT-CGAB/IFRO), uma cooperação entre a Fundação Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA) e o IFRO, por meio do Termo de Execução Descentralizada (TED) 08/2017. A participação e o controle social no processo de construção de políticas públicas é um fator determinante e um instrumento eficiente de transformação da realidade local. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo explicita a elaboração e aplicação das Estratégias Participativas referentes à Mobilização, Participação Social e Comunicação para a construção do PMSB nos municípios atendidos pelo Projeto, delineando as etapas e contextualização destas estratégias, bem como sua eficácia.

This review article examines the main aspects of drinking water demand management from a technological and cultural perspective as a strategy for the efficient use of urban aqueducts. It is necessary to know the factors that affect the consumption of water in homes in order to generate management processes to solve the misuse of this resource. In the first room, a description of the demand is presented and some investigations are presented. Then some low water consumption devices are described, finally social mechanisms are mentioned to achieve a more efficient use of water.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as conformidades das águas minerais naturais comercializadas no munícipio de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Quantificou-se os teores de sódio, potássio, e propriedades físico-químicas em amostras com gás e sem gás comparando os valores obtidos com os descritos nos rótulos fornecidos pelas empresas responsáveis. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análise Físico-Química de Água da Universidade Federal do Maranhão utilizando a metodologia normas do Instituto Adolf Lutz (2008). Cada amostra foi submetida a análise de sódio, potássio, pH, condutividade, turbidez, nitrato, amônia, cor, ferro, e sólidos totais. De acordo com as portarias vigentes as amostras encontram dentro dos limites estabelecidos, com exceção ao ferro apresentando valores acima do estabelecido. Quando comparados os valores de sódio e potássio com os rótulos de cada embalagens nenhumas das amostras extrapolam os limites de acordo com a legislação, mas algumas amostras merecem atenção quando se pensarmos no consumo de dois litros necessários ao dia.

O Governo Brasileiro vem elaborando documentos oficiais sobre a política pública de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação – CT&I no País. Para o período de 2016 a 2022, foi publicado o documento intitulado Estratégia Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação – ENCTI, contendo várias previsões, dentre elas, cinco desafios. O presente artigo, fundado na teoria do federalismo, analisa estes desafios por intermédio de dados contidos num relatório oficial do Senado Federal e entrevistas realizadas com dois Diretores do Governo Federal. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza descritiva e qualitativa. Mediante a análise de conteúdo, os cinco desafios foram categorizados e, a partir das informações do documento do Senado Federal e das percepções das autoridades entrevistadas, foi realizada a descrição e análise dos desafios dentro do atual cenário brasileiro. Este artigo contextualiza e aprofunda os estudos sobre federalismo e políticas públicas de CT&I no Brasil para pesquisadores, acadêmicos, empresários e agentes públicos.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by

Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-10T13:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-08-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2022-10-10T15:40:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572022000100400.pdf: 329487 bytes, checksum: b9abe8aa40b58717583c986937336e73 (MD5) Botulism is a disease usually fatal, caused by the ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. In dogs, intoxication is caused by the ingestion of botulinum toxin type C, and animals often recover spontaneously. The present study describes the occurrence of type C botulism in two dogs domiciled on neighboring rural properties in the municipality of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, probably associated with ingestion of decomposing bovine carcass. Upon clinical evaluation, the dogs were alert in the lateral decubitus position with ascending flaccid paralysis, absence of eyelid reflexes, and reduced muscle tone. Due to their worsening clinical symptoms, the animals died within 12 h and 3 days after supportive treatment. Botulinum toxin type C was identified, in the serum and feces of both dogs, by seroneutralization in mice with homologous monovalent antitoxin. The results of the high-throughput gene sequencing showed that the abundance of C. botulinum in the fecal microbiota of one of the affected dogs was low (0.53%). In this way, the present study highlights the need of sanitary practices related to the appropriate collection and disposal of bovine carcasses in rural areas since they represent a risk factor for the occurrence of botulism in dogs domiciled on rural properties. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia Clínica Veterinária Clinipet Tassara Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária

Some studies that analyze the risk of dam failures estimate that between 2016 and 2025 about 30 major tragedies should be expected. Failure records between 1900 and 2014 indicate that there is an average of three ruptures every two years, considering only the failures that were officially registered and investigated. It can be said that the potential for dam failures will be driven by the economy, since cost has been the main variable considered in the design, construction, operation, monitoring and closing plan of these structures. As companies reduce investments in maintenance, risk management and failure prevention, there is an incentive for economic recovery, competitiveness of product value and debt reduction, required by investors. The result has been a decrease in specialized labor, to the point that companies no longer have sufficient knowledge about the engineering and operational skills that apply to tailings and water management. Learning from the dams’ tragedies is practically non-existent, in Brazil and worldwide, leading to catastrophic environmental and social consequences. Failures will occur as long as they are viewed and treated as unpredictable, thereby lacking risk management. The proposed risk management method, presented in this paper, considers the information of inspection and instrumentation, identifying risks from event trees, separately, intolerable, tolerable and acceptable risks. The intolerable risks are conducted for FMEA-type failure analysis, where severe, intermediate and mild failures are assessed. The objective is to enable the development of an assertive and effective action plan for dam safety management.

The persistent shortage of optimal kidney donors and the progressive increase in patients on the waiting list have led to an expansion of the acceptance criteria, such as donors after controlled cardiac death (cDCD) and donors after brain death with expanded criteria (DBD-EC). Some concerns and doubts about survival outcomes achieved with these allografts are still present. Our aim was to compare transplant outcomes from cDCD vs DBD-EC.A retrospective single-center observational study including all kidney transplant (KT) donors from all cDCD and DBD-EC (60 years) from January 2015 to January 2022 was performed. We analyzed clinical characteristics, early clinical outcomes, and patient and graft survival rates.129 cDCD and 166 DBD-EC KT recipients were included. The median follow-up was 30,2 months. DBD-EC were older and had more comorbidities than cDCD. KTs from cDCD and DBD-EC showed similar rates of delayed graft function and primary nonfunction. Patient survival at 1 year was similar (85% DBD-EC vs 90% cDCD, P = .32). Death-censored graft survival at 1 year was similar among young cDCD (18-59 years) and elderly DBD (60-69 years; 97% vs 92.3%, P = .2). Recipient age and expanded criteria in KT from cDCD were related to worse early graft outcomes. The outcomes achieved with KT from cDCD were similar to those observed in older and more comorbid DBD donors. This assumption is worth consideration when choosing the most suitable donor for each recipient.

Alcohol intoxication in pediatrics is a growing problem in our environment. The objectives of this study are to define the prevalence of acute alcohol intoxication in the pediatric emergency department (PED) and to describe the associated symptoms and their relationship with potential risk factors.This cross-sectional study includes patients younger than 16 years with a diagnosis of acute alcohol intoxication between March 2010 and October 2018 in the PED of a tertiary hospital. Patients with concomitant intoxication by other substances were excluded. The association between qualitative variables was determined using the χ 2 or Fisher exact test and quantitative with the Student t , Mann-Whitney U test, and simple linear regression.There were 136 episodes of alcohol intoxication, which represents a prevalence of 24.1/100,000 emergencies. After excluding 10 patients because of positive screening for other drugs, 126 patients with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD, 1.2 years) were included, 57.9% of whom were women. A total of 25.4% of the patients were younger than 14 years. Ethanolemia was determined in 88.9%, and its mean concentration was 195.7 mg/dL (SD, 56.5 mg/dL), with potentially serious levels (300 mg/dL) being found in 3.6% of the patients. A relationship was found between the Glasgow Coma Scale score and ethanolemia ( B = -12.7; 95% confidence interval, -8.1 to -17.4; P0.001), as well as with potassium ( B = -31, 9; 95% confidence interval, -6.6 to -57.3; P = 0.014). No patient had seizures or hypoglycemia. A total of 10.3% of the patients required admission.Alcohol intoxication is a rare consultation reason in the PED. They usually present with mild and self-limited symptoms, being the decrease in the level of consciousness and hypokalemia the most frequent symptom and analytical alteration.

Purpose We present a cross-sectional study comparing hypometabolism and atrophy patterns in Niemann–Pick disease type C (NP-C). We also present a longitudinal analysis of NP-C [18F]FDG-PET data. Methods 22 patients NP-C patients underwent MRI and [18F]FDG-PET imaging at baseline, and a subset of 12 patients were able to complete at least one follow-up PET imaging acquisition. Visual assessment and group-level voxel- and region-based analyses of the baseline MRI and PET images were performed by comparing our NP-C cohort to PET and MRI healthy volunteer cohorts. Per cent changes in metabolism (%/year/region) were calculated for longitudinal analysis. Results Significant atrophy was present in the cerebellum (p 18F]FDG PET provided stronger effect sizes and was able to show significant hypometabolism even in areas without atrophy. [18F]FDG uptake annual changes (p 18F]FDG PET as a tool for the assessment of cross-sectional and longitudinal neurodegeneration in NP-C.

Resumen En este artículo de reflexión se discute la pertinencia de establecer una metodología integral para la enseñanza de la lengua indígena en el contexto de la educación ¡ntercultural bilingüe en México. Partimos del planteamiento de que, si bien existen lineamientos para guiar el funcionamiento dela educación intercultural bilingüe, estos no se han concretado en metodologías para la enseñanza de la oralidad, lectura y la escritura de las lenguas originarias. Por lo mismo, a partir de una teoría fundamentada en los nuevos estudios de la literacidad? la pedagogía de/género discursivo, proponemosabordarla enseñanza de laslenguasindígenas desde un enfoque sociosemíótico e intercultural basado en el género discursivo, pues, además de facilitar la adquisición de la lengua, permite a los estudiantes reconocerse como miembros activos en sus entornos inmediatos al reafirmar las prácticas de literacidad propias de su comunidad e integrarlas a las prácticas escolares. Concluimos que solo a través de un bilingüismo aditivo, guiado por metodologías V planes de intervención pedagógica fundamentados en una mirada social del lenguaje, se logrará que los niños y niñas indígenas ejerzan su derecho a participar de la lectura y escritura en sus propias lenguas y, simultáneamente, se involucren en prácticas sociales que les ayuden a construirconocimiento para acceder a mejores oportunidades de vida dentro y fuera de sus comunidades. Abstract This reflection paper discusses the relevance of generating a comprehensive methodology for the teaching of indigenous languages in the context of intercultural bilingual education in Mexico. We start from the proposition that, although there are guidelines to conduct the operation of intercultural bilingual education to guarantee quality in education with cultural relevance for indigenous people, these have not been materialized ineffective methodologies for the teaching of orality, reading, and writing in the original languages. For this reason, based on a theoretical foundation from the New Literacy Studies and Genre-Based Pedagogy, we show the relevance of approaching the teaching of indigenous languages from an intercultural perspective which, in addition to facilitating the acquisition of the code, allows students to recognize themselves as active members in their immediate surroundings by learning the literacy practices of their community and integrating them into the school practices. We conclude that only through additive bilingualism, guided by methodologies and pedagogical intervention plans based on a social view of language, it will be possible for indigenous boys and girls to exercise their right to participate in reading and writing in their languages while getting involved in social practices that would help them build knowledge to access better life opportunities inside and outside their communities. Resumo Neste artigo de reflexão discute-se a relevância de estabelecer uma metodologia integral para o ensino da língua indígena no contexto da educação intercultural bilingue no México. Consideramos que, mesmo havendo diretrizes para o funcionamento da educação intercultural bilíngüe, estas não se concretizam em metodologias eficazes para o ensino da oralidade, leitura e escrita das línguas originárias. Poristo, partindo de uma teoria fundamentada nos novos Estudos do Letramentoe na pedagogia baseada no gênero discursivo, mostramos a relevância do ensino das línguas indígenas a partir de uma perspectiva sociosemiótica e intercultural baseada no gênero discursivo, pois, além de facilitar a aquisição da língua, permite que os estudantes se reconheçam como membros ativos nos contextos imediatos reafirmando as práticas de letramento da própria comunidade, integrando-as às práticas escolares. Concluímos que só através de um bilingüismo aditivo, guiado por metodologias e planos de intervenção pedagógica fundamentados em uma visão social da linguagem, conseguirá-se que os meninos e as meninas indígenas exerçam o direito que lhes é constitutivo para participarem da leitura e da escrita em suas próprias línguas e, simultaneamente, envolverem-se em práticas sociais que lhes ajudem a construir conhecimento para alcançar melhores oportunidades de vida dentro e fora das suas próprias comunidades.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing an acute respiratory disease that can eventually lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). An exacerbated inflammatory response is characteristic of SARS-CoV2 infection, which leads to a cytokine release syndrome also known as cytokine storm associated with the severity of the disease. Considering the importance of this event in the immunopathology of COVID-19, this study analyses cytokine levels of hospitalized patients to identify cytokine profiles associated with severity and mortality. Using a machine learning approach, 3 clusters of COVID-19 hospitalized patients were created based on their cytokine profile. Significant differences in the mortality rate were found among the clusters, associated to different CXCL10/IL-38 ratio. The balance of a CXCL10 induced inflammation with an appropriate immune regulation mediated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-38 appears to generate the adequate immune context to overrule SARS-CoV2 infection without creating a harmful inflammatory reaction. This study supports the concept that analyzing a single cytokine is insufficient to determine the outcome of a complex disease such as COVID-19, and different strategies incorporating bioinformatic analyses considering a broader immune profile represent a more robust alternative to predict the outcome of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Universidad de Costa Rica/[807-C1-357]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer (CICICA)

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical profile of Litsea cubeba essential oil, carry out an in vitro evaluation of its antioxidant potential and its cytotoxicity, as well as its an...

Humpback whales perform long migrations from their breeding and nursing areas at low latitudes to feeding grounds at high latitudes. Nonetheless, this strictly dichotomous paradigm of migration is challenged by accumulating examples of occasional or regular feeding at low latitudes for several stocks worldwide. Here, we report multiple evidences of “Stock G” humpback whales feeding in coastal waters, at low latitudes of the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Lunge feeding behavior and defecation were observed in Ecuador, while both lunge- and trap feeding in pursuit of Peruvian anchovy was documented in northern Chile. A photographically re-sighted individual feeding at different latitudes of Chile suggested potential site fidelity to two foraging areas. Whether these feeding behaviours are novel due to changes in prey distribution, intensifying competition from a growing humpback whale population, or simply reflect vastly increased research effort remains unknown. Further research into the feeding ecology of Stock G should help reveal historic and potentially new feeding grounds, prey composition and precise migration paths. Competition from anchovy fisheries, vessel collision and net entanglement are suspected threats.

The pathophysiology of Covid-19 has a cytokine storm, causing exacerbation of inflammatory lesions, mainly of the lungs and vascular endothelium. The mechanism of entry into the human cell uses the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as a cell surface receptor. Among the most at-risk groups are pregnant women, due to the physiological, anatomical and immunological changes of the gestational cycle, causing susceptibility to infections. In addition, there are uncertainties about safe breastfeeding and possible vertical transmission. This group, which has a continuous obstetric follow-up, within pandemic circumstances, needed to minimize the risk of exposure in medical settings, using care through telehealth, as a helper. It was possible to replace some face-to-face visits to the clinic, when possible, by virtual ones, minimizing risks to exposure and providing a vehicle for direct communication with the doctor, which, in a way, offers pregnant women more peace of mind, essential to avoid possible complications by psychological stress that can generate inflammatory responses for mother and fetus, causing possible neuropsychiatric consequences. The objective of this narrative review study was to present an update of the data on the disease, as well as a change in management of the pregnant population. Despite being of great importance, virtual assistance does not replace face-to-face, and to get the most out of this new approach, there is a set of guidelines that can help health professionals. It is also important to warn of: changes in hospital management; reconciling ultrasound consultations with medical appointments, reducing the number of pregnant women leavings; telephone tracking of patients' symptoms before face-to-face attendance; and testing recommendations for covid-19, before entering hospitals.

Southeastern Pacific humpback whales (Breeding Stock G) breed along the northwestern coast of South America and farther north up to CostaRica. Photo-identification surveys conducted aboard whalewatching vessels during the migration/breeding season from June to September between1991 and 2006 off the coast of Ecuador (2°S, 81°W) have produced a database of 1,511 individual whales. Comparisons of photographs produced190 between-year re-sightings of 155 individual whales. Closed and open capture-recapture models were used to estimate abundance and survival.The best estimate of abundance in 2006 with the Chapman modified-Petersen was 6,504 (95% CI: 4,270–9,907; CV = 0.21). Abundance estimatesfrom open population models were considerably lower due to heterogeneity in capture probability which produced a ‘transient’ effect. Our bestestimate of true survival was 0.919 (95% CI: 0.850–0.958). Heterogeneity most likely occurred from inter-annual variation in sampling and unknownstructure and variation in the migration timing and corridor. A more extensive collaborative effort including other wintering areas further north aswell as integrating breeding-feeding data will help to reduce heterogeneity and increase precision in abundance and survival estimates.

Urban gardening is growing as an increasingly therapeutic, social, mental, environmental, and economical alternative to improve the quality of life. One of the options to enhance this activity is the use of mulches. There are several reports on the use of cellulose-based mulches in rural areas. This work is the first successful study on the use of nanocellulose mulches for small-scale urban food production based on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) pellicules constituted by nanoribbons. In this case, the pellicules were produced by bacteria isolated from the Colombian species Komagataeibacter medellinensis (previously referred to as Gluconacetobacter medellinensis sp. Nov., a new acid-resistant strain that can grow at a pH as low as 3.5) under simple static conditions. A cheap substrate, such as ripened fruit not suitable for human consumption, was used to produce the BNC mulches. The obtained BNC mulches are cheap and environmentally friendly than plastic mulch based on polyethylene. The effectiveness of BNC pellicule mulches was evaluated during the growth of one type of onion plant under urban garden conditions and was compared with an uncovered system and a commercial polyethylene mulch. Progressive degradation of BNC mulches took place during plant growth, indicating the biodegradability of BNC mulches, and thus, the onion plants exhibited healthy physiological development. The results suggest that BNC mulches are environmentally friendly and easy to use for the protection of small-scale food production in urban areas during short plant-growing periods.

The broad range of applications of cellulose (CNFs) nanofibers derived from plant sources has promoted different strategies for their production and commercialization. Nevertheless, issues concerning its transportation have prompted different projects to achieve a redispersible and dehydrated product in order to allow a cost-effective and safe transport and processing of this material. In this work, different strategies to avoid hornification such as oven drying, freeze-drying, spray-drying and supercritical drying were reviewed in terms of the nanostructural properties and redispersion capability of the obtained product, analyzing the existent literature involving chemical modification of cellulose or additives. Oven drying was reported to have the highest agglomeration rate during dehydration and some of the redispersible products can be used in food and pharmaceutical products, while the structure of freeze-dried CNFs evidenced several morphologies depending on CNF concentration and the presence of charges or steric hindrances. Spray-drying and supercritical drying were the only methods that could not fulfil the aimed industrial requirements due to its agglomeration and cost-efficiency respectively. When considering strategies to keep nanostructural properties upon dehydration it is important to account for the final application of CNFs as some additives or chemical modifications are targeted to specific applications. Further research is still required to clarify if spray drying and supercritical drying are suitable for this nanomaterial, as different additives and drying parameters must be considered to adapt these techniques to industrial requirements

There is an increasing demand for fungi control in grains, especially toxigenic. Also, there is growing concern on the use of synthetic fungicides; thus alternatives are needed. The aim of this stu...

This work evaluated the effect of chitosan and zeolite microparticle concentrations on the water vapor permeability of composite films. In addition, others chemical, thermal, and physical properties of selected films were determined. Chitosan/zeolite composite films were prepared via the solution casting method using chitosans from chitin from common lobster (Panulirus argus) (77 and 275 kDa and ~ 75% of deacetylation degree) and natural zeolite (O = 35–45 µm). Chitosan concentration (1.5–2.0% w/v), zeolite microparticle concentration (0.0–7.0% w/w of chitosan), and molecular weight (MW) of chitosan were selected as factors through an IV optimal response surface design for the best variant of film based on the water vapor permeability (WVP). The WVP increased with an increase in the chitosan and zeolite concentration as well as the MW, being the film obtained from 1.5% (w/v) of chitosan (77 kDa) and 3.5% (w/w of chitosan) of zeolite, the film with the lower WVP. The increase in the chitosan concentration and zeolite addition at 3.5% (w/w of chitosan) decreased the elongation at break, while increased the tensile strength of the films. Water solubility increased with the polymer concentration, while that it was lower (p ≤ 0.05) for composite films with 3.5% (w/w of chitosan) zeolite. The brightness and b* value of the films decreased with the addition of zeolite at 3.5% (w/w of chitosan) for a same polymer concentration. The opacity did not change significantly (p > 0.05), although there was a tendency to decrease with the increase in the chitosan concentration.

Compilation studies related to toxicological aspects and also biological monitoring and analysis methods for specific fungicides and, mainly, those that belong to the class of the dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have not been carried out at least in the last ten years. DTCs - dimethyldithiocarbamates, ethylenebisditiocarbamates, propylenebisditiocarbamates - are organosulfur compounds that form complexes due to the presence of different chemical elements, which bind strongly and inhibit enzymes that are essential to the functioning of the organism, causing a serious proven adverse effect on biological systems, such as alteration of thyroid hormones, teratogenesis and neurotoxicity. It is still evident, as shown by world data, that the growing consumption of fungicides has increasingly exposed the population in general and, in particular, workers who deal with these substances. There is a scarcity of studies in the literature discussing the toxicological and analytical aspects that are important for understanding the real effects of DTCs and monitoring human exposure to them. Therefore, the aim of this work was to expose, in a comprehensive way and through a narrative review, gaps in research related to the fungicides of the DTCs class, their metabolites, as well as the toxicological and analytical aspects involved. The review is divided into two parts: (1) Toxicological aspects, including toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and toxidromes; and (2) Analytical Toxicology, which comprises biomarkers, sample preparation and identification/quantification methods.