Search

This plan can be used for sustainability of education. We don’t need uncertain time to start adapting this model, rather, initiate and keep this backup plan for future use. Throughout phases proposed by Dr. Munir, interconnectedness, continuous reflection, risk management, quality participation, socio-emotional learning, mental hygiene, capacity building through self-empowerment skills, ethical leadership, humanism rather than economic development, continuous learning, and amalgamation of pedagogies and heutagogies must be taken into consideration. This model is recognized during UNESCO's World Higher Education Conference.

Bilingualism is a significant topic to be discussed in the context of multiculturalism in Germany. This paper examines the transformations that underwent through assimilation policies faced by the Turk migrants who migrated to and started to live in Germany. The most important one of these transformations is the degree of using the native language. So, using Turkish as native language in this multicultural country demands a further research. This research is descriptive-explanatory research based on content analysis. This paper aims to critically analyze how Turks as migrants in Germany use their mother tongue while living in a multicultural country. In this study, many policies of Germany towards immigrant Turks, i.e., educational policies, language learning processes, and the transformations of their native languages, are discussed. This paper finds that while learning the language of the culture in which they are integrated, Turks damage their mother tongue. As a result, a hybrid language emerges because they cannot fully comprehend the foreign language they learn as a second language since Turks in Germany could not use their mother tongue both in the family and in their social environment. © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved.

Ante la crisis producida por el coronavirus se ha puesto en evidencia la fragilidad de la sanidad pública y el deterioro sufrido en los últimos años. De la misma manera ha ocurrido con la educación. En todos los niveles educativos, docentes, familias, estudiantes y responsables académicos han tenido que responder de manera urgente a una situación nueva: la imposible presencialidad. Este hecho inevitable ha puesto en evidencia también profundas carencias del sistema educativo y diferentes alternativas para afrontarlos. En este breve escrito comentaremos los aspectos que nos parecen esenciales para afrontar la escuela y la universidad que vienen, entre ellos el hecho de que los recursos tecnológicos por sí mismos no producen un cambio docente, aunque pueden ayudar a promoverlo., Faced with the crisis caused by the coronavirus, the fragility of public health and the deterioration suffered in recent years has become evident. The same has happened with education. At all educational levels, teachers, families, students and academic leaders have had to respond urgently to a new situation: the impossible attendance. This inevitable fact has also exposed deep deficiencies in the educational system and different alternatives to face them. In this brief writing we will comment on the aspects that seem essential to us to face the coming school and university, among which the technological resources, although they are not the change, but can help to promote it. Without forgetting that the changes are in the people and not in the resources.

This study aims to find out how the model of religious cultural education to create human character. This study uses a qualitative method. The research subjects were students at the Darut Tauhid Islamic boarding school in Bandung. The results of the study show that there are 8 (eight) religious cultures implemented in education and become a spirit to form human values, namely TSP (Resistant to littering, storing garbage in its place, picking up garbage insha Allah blessing); Bebaskomiba (Messing, Wet-Drying, Dirty-Cleaning, Leaning, Dangerous)); three M, five K, profit concept, five S, five don't, seven B. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana model pendidikan budaya berbasis agama untuk membentuk nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah mahasiswa di pesantren Darut Tauhid Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 8 (delapan) budaya agama yang diimplementasikan dalam pendidikan dan menjadi semangat untuk membentuk nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yaitu TSP (Tahan dari buang sampah sembarangan, Simpan sampah pada tempatnya,Pungut sampah insya Allah berkah); Bebaskomiba (Berantakan-rapikan, Basah-keringkan, Kotor-bersihkan, Miring-luruskan, Bahaya-amankan); tiga M, lima K, konsep untung, lima S, lima jangan, tujuh B. Kata Kunci: Model Pendidikan; Budaya Agama; Nilai Kemanusiaan Islam; Program Pesantren Mahasiswa; Daarut Tauhiid

The fourth industrial revolution has evolved at an exponential pace that has raised the level of virtual reality (VR) technology industry development. The VR-based contents industry has significantly grown in convergence with other areas, however, its production suffers from lack of skilled human resources. In this regard, this paper provides a study on educational courses dealing with VR contents production. The study identifies the current status of VR contents industry and evaluates the training contents currently being used at relevant training institutions. As a result, an industrial demand-customized educational model and its operations based on cooperative relationship between training institutions and industrial companies by means of cooperative projects and mentoring was designed. The outcome of the evaluation on the results of training courses operation served as a basis for the design of the proposed educational model and indicates the effectiveness of the training.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, many countries faced a critical situation in terms of the global economy and human social activities, including education. In China, the coronavirus is better controlled. Chinese university students have returned to school to study. Despite previous research on online education and learning, the readiness of students for the online and offline learning models implemented at this particular time is not well understood. This paper discusses a hybrid education model for undergraduate students in the safety engineering major. Questionnaires are administered to faculty and students from different colleges and universities in the same major to statistically summarize the influencing factors of mixed or hybrid education. The system dynamics (SD) model is constructed and simulated to determine that using online in the tenth to fifteenth, twenty-fifth to thirtieth, and fortieth to forty-fifth min of classroom teaching (50 min in total) can effectively increase students’ interest and engagement in learning. More hands-on activities should also be considered to enhance students’ motivation to acquire knowledge, and consideration could be given to encourage interaction among students. This study will be continuously improved by a follow-up study of undergraduate student performance. This study has important implications for educators implementing online and offline blended instruction.

Terrorists in Indonesia arise due to the degree of subjectivity of the interpretation of Islam in religious groups. To this is added the problem of interaction with foreign cultures that have other viewpoints on the teachings of Islam. This study aims to describe the role of the Foundation Education of “Peace Circle” in conducting moderation education for former terrorists. This research uses a social definition paradigm, a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological type of research. With phenomenological analysis, the results are as follows: The presence of Peace Circle Foundation (PCF) is interpreted and felt by former convicts as a place of refuge and hope for spiritual and non-spiritual support for the future life. The insight and understanding of Islam provided are overly broad and thorough, and the skills and training are very real and functional. As a result, the subject is no longer radical and angry with the government. All subjects were happy with PCF’s presence to handle the healing and help of ex-terrorist convicts who had carried out disengagement.&nbsp, Los terroristas en Indonesia surgen debido al grado de subjetividad de la interpretación del islam en los grupos religiosos. A esto se añade el problema de la interacción con culturas extranjeras que tienen otros puntos de vista sobre las enseñanzas del islam. Este estudio pretende describir el papel de la Fundación de Educación del “Círculo de la Paz” en la conducción de la educación para la moderación de los antiguos terroristas. Esta investigación utiliza un paradigma de definición social, un enfoque cualitativo, con una investigación de tipo fenomenológico. Con el análisis fenomenológico, los resultados son los siguientes: La presencia de la Fundación Círculo de Paz (PCF) es interpretada y sentida por los ex convictos como un lugar de refugio y esperanza de apoyo espiritual y no espiritual para la vida futura. La visión y la comprensión del islam que se ofrece son muy amplias y profundas, y las habilidades y la formación son muy reales y funcionales. Como resultado, el sujeto ya no es radical ni está enfadado con el gobierno. Todos los sujetos estaban contentos con la presencia del PCF para gestionar la curación y la ayuda de los ex convictos terroristas que habían llevado a cabo la desvinculación., Os terroristas na Indonésia surgem devido ao grau de subjetividade da interpretação do Islã em grupos religiosos. A isto se soma o problema da interação com culturas estrangeiras que têm outros pontos de vista sobre os ensinamentos do islamismo. Este estudo visa descrever o papel da Fundação Educação do "Círculo de Paz" na condução de uma educação moderada para ex-terroristas. Esta pesquisa utiliza um paradigma de definição social, uma abordagem qualitativa, com um tipo fenomenológico de pesquisa. Com a análise fenomenológica, os resultados são os seguintes: A presença da Peace Circle Foundation (PCF) é interpretada e sentida pelos ex-presidiários como um lugar de refúgio e esperança de apoio espiritual e não-espiritual para a vida futura. A visão e a compreensão do Islã fornecidas são excessivamente amplas e completas, e as habilidades e o treinamento são muito reais e funcionais. Como resultado, o assunto não é mais radical e furioso com o governo. Todos os sujeitos ficaram contentes com a presença da PCF para lidar com a cura e ajuda de ex-condenados terroristas que haviam realizado a desobrigação. &nbsp

The article analyzes the opinion of parents on the assessment of secondary education models for children with disabilities. The author gives an analysis of a survey of parents raising “special children”. Identified problems in the socialization of children, the preferences of parents when choosing a model of education for the child. В статье приведено мнение родителей, дающих оценку моделям среднего образования для детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Автор проводит анализ опроса родителей, воспитывающих «особенных детей». Выявлены проблемы в социализации детей, предпочтения родителей при выборе модели образования для ребенка.

Text in Turkish ; Abstract: Turkish and English Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-156) ix, 157 leaves Sanat, insanın yaratıcılık ve dışavurumuyla kendi dünyasını yansıttığı yegane alandır. Bu sebepten ötürü sanat, hem var olan psikolojik problemlerin saptanmasına hem de tedavi edilmesine yardımcı olabilmektedir. Tasarlanan eğitim modeli, yaratıcılık ve dışavurum üzerine şekillenmektedir. Tezin başında yaratıcılık kuramsal olarak açıklanmakta, yaratıcılık ölçütleri, yaratıcı kişilik özellikleri, yaratıcılığın ölçülmesi ile yaratıcılıkla kişilik, zeka, yetenek ve hayal gücü arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir. Bilim adamları ve sanatçıların gözünden yaratıcılıkla devam etmektedir. Dışavurum ise tarihin başlangıcından itibaren insanın kendini yansıttığı alan olarak ele alınmakta ve modern sanatta nasıl şekillendiği incelenmektedir. Sonrasında sanat terapisinin kavramı, amacı ve önemi açıklanmakta, bir terapi yöntemi olarak ortaya çıkışına ve günümüzde nasıl yer bulduğuna değinilmektedir. Sanat terapisine farklı yaklaşımlar ve sanat terapisinden örnek çalışmalar yer bulmaktadır. Sanat terapisinin son kısmını ise sanat eğitimindeki yeri oluşturmaktadır. Modelde gözlemlenebilecek rahatsızlıklar başlığı altında kaygı ve depresyonun karakteristik özellikleri açıklanmış, psikolojik rahatsızlıkların sanatta yansımaları seçilen sanatçılar, sanatla ilgilenen hastalar ve çocukların çalışmaları üzerinden gösterilmiştir. Bu modelin ortaöğretim çağındaki öğrencilere uygulanacağı göz önüne alınarak bebeklikten ergenliğe kadar geçen süreçte sanat, yaratıcılık ve dışavurum ele alınmaktadır. Takip eden bölümde sanat eğitiminin gelişimi ile eğitim sistemindeki yerine ve amacına değinilmektedir. Model tasarlanmadan önce, sanat eğitimde geleneksel olarak kullanılan malzemelerden bahsedilmiş, ayrıca yaratıcı tekniklere de yer verilmiştir. Son bölümde ise oluşturulan model için metod ve yönelimler açıklanmış ve modelin içeriği 16 çalışmadan oluşacak şekilde detaylı olarak açıklanmıştır. Art is a unique area that people express their own inner world through creativity and self-expression. Therefore, art can help to indicate psychological disorders and cure them at the same time. This designed educational model is shaped by creativity and self-expression methods. In the beginning of this thesis, creativity is theoretically explained, creativity criteria, characteristics of creative people, measurement of creativity and the correlation between personality, intelligence, talent and imagination are examined, followed by creativity through the eyes of scientists and artists. Expressionism is defined from the beginning of history as an area that people express themselves and how it took form in modern art is explained. Later on, art therapy is conceptually explained with its goals and methodology, how art therapy evolved as a therapy method and how it takes place today is mentioned. Different approaches to art therapy are addressed and examples from art therapy are included. The last part of art therapy consists of its place in art education. Under the title of disorders that can be observed in the model, characteristics of anxiety and depression are explained, the reflections of psychological disorders on art is shown through famous artists, patients that are involved in art and children’s works. Considering that this method is going to be applied on secondary education level students, the process of art, creativity and expressionism from infancy through adolescence is covered. In the following part, development of art education and its place and purpose in education system are mentioned. Before the model is designed, traditional materials used in art education as well as creative techniques are mentioned. In the last chapter, methods and approaches for the designed model are explained and the context of the model is explained as 16 parts in detail. GİRİŞ YARATICILIK Yaratıcılık Kavramı Yaratıcılık Kuramları Psikoanalitik Yaratıcı Düşünce Kuramı Gestalt Kuramları Çağrışım Kuramları Algısal Kuram İnsancıl Kuramlar Bilişsel Gelişimsel Kuram Karmaşık Kuramlar Yaratıcılığın Ölçütleri ve Süreçleri Yaratıcı Kişilik Özellikleri Yaratıcılık Ölçme Araç ve Yöntemleri Yaratıcılık ile Kişilik, Zeka, Yetenek ve Hayal Gücü Arasındaki İlişkiler Bilim İnsanlarının ve Sanatçıların Gözünden Yaratıcılık DIŞAVURUM Dışavurum Kavramı Dışavurumun İlk Örnekleri Modern Sanat Akımı Olarak Dışavurum BİR DIŞAVURUM METODU:SANAT TERAPİSİ Sanat Terapisi Kavramı, Amacı ve Önemi Sanat Terapisinin Doğuşu ve Gelişimi Sanat Terapisine Farklı Yaklaşımlar Sanat Terapisinden Örnek Çalışmalar Sanat Terapisi ve Sanat Eğitimi PSİKOLOJİK RAHATSIZLIKLAR Modelde Gözlemlenebilecek Psikolojik Rahatsızlıklar Kaygı Depresyon Psikolojik Rahatsızlıklar ve Sanatta Yansımaları Psikolojik Rahatsızlıklara Sahip Sanatçılardan Örnekler Psikolojik Tedavi Gören Danışanlardan Örnekler Çocukların Çalışmalarından Örnekler BEBEKLİKTEN ERGENLİK DÖNEMİNE SANAT, YARATICILIK VE DIŞAVURUM Çocuk Gelişim Dönemleri Çocuklarda çizim gelişimi ve yaratıcılık aşamaları Karalama evresi (2-4 yaş) Şematik öncesi dönem (4-7 yaş) Şematik Dönem (7-9 yaş) Gerçekçilik Dönemi (9-12 yaş) Görünürde doğalcılık dönemi (12-14 yaş) Ergenlik döneminde Sanatta Yaratıcılık SANAT EĞİTİMİ VE PSİKOLOJİK DEĞERLENDİRMELER Sanat Eğitiminin Gelişimi Sanatın ve Yaratıcılığın Eğitim Sistemindeki Yeri ve Amacı SANAT EĞİTİMİNDE KULLANILAN MALZEMELER VE YARATICI TEKNİKLER Sanat Malzemeleri Yaratıcı Teknikler TASARLANAN MODEL Metod ve Yönelimler Önerilen Modelin İçeriği SONUÇ

Los cambios existentes en la familia, unidos a un proceso de transformación social, han posibilitado que exista un fenómeno relativamente poco conocido como es el de la violencia ascendente, que se erige como una de las modalidades de violencia que más se vienen dando en dicho ámbito. En base al estudio de este fenómeno, en esta investigación hemos utilizado la técnica cualitativa de la historia de vida, apoyándonos en un diario de campo donde hemos tomado notas sobre nuestro quehacer diario a nivel terapéutico, en aras de mitigar los efectos de dicho proceso. En esta investigación se establecieron los siguientes objetivos: establecer la conexión que existe entre estilo educativo familiar y el uso de la violencia por parte del menor y evaluar en qué medida la terapia familiar mitiga el uso de la violencia por parte del menor. El modelo educativo familiar, junto a otras dimensiones1, determina que las situaciones de violencia se den de manera reiterada entre padres e hijos, existiendo refuerzos negativos continuos de ambas partes para mantener un ciclo recurrente de conductas, del que difícilmente se puede «salir» si no es a través de un proceso de terapia psicológica continuado. A process of social transformation allied with ongoing changes to the family has made possible the existence of a relatively little-known phenomenon: that of child-parent violence, which is raised as one of the most commonly experienced forms of violence in the family environment. Based on the study of this phenomenon, in our research we have used the qualitative technique of a life story, making use of a field diary in which we have taken notes on our daily work in the therapeutic context, for the purposes of mitigating the effects of such a process. The following research objectives were set: establishing the connection existing between family education style and the use of violence by the minor; and evaluating the extent to which family therapy mitigates the use of violence by the minor. The family education model, together with other dimensions, results in situations of child-parent violence occurring repeatedly, with continuing negative reinforcement from both parties in order to maintain a recurrent cycle of conduct, from which it is difficult to «escape» other than through a process of ongoing psychological therapy.

This paper proposes a new diagram for a specific matching problem: the stable marriage problem. The diagram allows us to elicit not only the structure of with a blocking relation among the nodes representing pairs, but also asymmetry in the actions of the DA algorithm (Gale-Shapley algorithm). Symmetry and asymmetry of the stable marriage problems permit us to deduce strategies of whether or not and when proposals should be made. Some implications to the asymmetry in rewarding and penalty in the game theoretic model are also discussed.

A process of social transformation allied with ongoing changes to the family has made possible the existence of a relatively little-known phenomenon: that of child-parent violence, which is raised as one of the most commonly experienced forms of violence in the family environment. Based on the study of this phenomenon, in our research we have used the qualitative technique of a life story, making use of a field diary in which we have taken notes on our daily work in the therapeutic context, for the purposes of mitigating the effects of such a process. The following research objectives were set: establishing the connection existing between family education style and the use of violence by the minor; and evaluating the extent to which family therapy mitigates the use of violence by the minor. The family education model, together with other dimensions, results in situations of child-parent violence occurring repeatedly, with continuing negative reinforcement from both parties in order to maintain a recurrent cycle of conduct, from which it is difficult to «escape» other than through a process of ongoing psychological therapy. Los cambios existentes en la familia, unidos a un proceso de transformación social, han posibilitado que exista un fenómeno relativamente poco conocido como es el de la violencia ascendente, que se erige como una de las modalidades de violencia que más se vienen dando en dicho ámbito. En base al estudio de este fenómeno, en esta investigación hemos utilizado la técnica cualitativa de la historia de vida, apoyándonos en un diario de campo donde hemos tomado notas sobre nuestro quehacer diario a nivel terapéutico, en aras de mitigar los efectos de dicho proceso. En esta investigación se establecieron los siguientes objetivos: establecer la conexión que existe entre estilo educativo familiar y el uso de la violencia por parte del menor y evaluar en qué medida la terapia familiar mitiga el uso de la violencia por parte del menor. El modelo educativo familiar, junto a otras dimensiones1, determina que las situaciones de violencia se den de manera reiterada entre padres e hijos, existiendo refuerzos negativos continuos de ambas partes para mantener un ciclo recurrente de conductas, del que difícilmente se puede «salir» si no es a través de un proceso de terapia psicológica continuado.

In this paper, the proper education model of management of technology (MoT) for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) was proposed. Considering the regional industrial structure in Chungcheongnam-do and global trend change, it is concluded that ‘Technology commercialization’, ‘Management of converging technologies’, and ‘Globalization of technologies’ are key curriculums for training people who would play a pivotal role in promoting SMEs to global hidden champion.

The traditional symbolic order of the Upper Silesian family, connected with the concept of a working man and a head of the family, and the concept of a woman – housewife acting only as a wife and mother, has transformed dynamically in the new socio-cultural conditions caused by economic restructuring and the deindustrialsation process related to it. The family model, considered to be the preferred one on the threshold of the transformation, turned out to be anachronistic and dysfunctional, giving way to the changing aspirations of women and the needs and opportunities generated in the labor market. Adaptation to the new reality has forced far-reaching modifications to the existing pattern of family life, education model and gender socialization. Basically, the attitude towards the education of the younger generation has changed. Thanks to that it has become fully appreciated in Silesian families as a way of social advancement and a dignified life. Education is a relatively new value in the axiological and normative system of Silesian workers’ circles. By acquiring an instrumental character, it has begun to be seen as a valued cultural capital on the labor market and therefore considered as an important family purpose.

This paper reviews literature on the skills required of graduates by the dynamic industry of the 21st Century with a view to making recommendations on the strategies and methods Kenyan universities should employ in education in order to equip learners with the skills and thus produce an effective workforce that is capable of confronting the economic and social challenges of an industrialized nation. The paper will mainly focus on the strategies and methods that universities employ in curriculum development and implementation including support services provided to learners outside formal classroom instruction (such as mentorship, academic advisory, guidance and counselling, internship, clubs and societies, sports and games and financial services such as bursary, loans and work-study). Employing the right strategies and methods to deliver education is crucial because solid holistic quality and relevant education is key to economic development of a country. It is on this premise that the Kenyan government mandated the education sector to develop learners with knowledge, skills and competences that make them productive citizens that will contribute to economic development of an industrialized nation envisioned by 2030. The sector is also expected to develop learners socially by ensuring that they are aware of fundamental human rights and obligations, national values and aspirations, and that they have the capacity to play a full part in the nation’s social and cultural development locally, nationally and internationally. Further, the education sector is required to develop learners who have the capacity to play a political role at local, national and international levels responsibly, upholding the rule of law and respect for others. It is also expected to expand democratic space and foster political participation. This mandate is well aligned with the current global trend in education that is packaged by the 21st Century skills which include communication, critical thinking, innovation, problem solving and citizenship among others. It is however paradoxical that learning institutions across the world have to-date continued offering education in the traditional knowledge based education model, despite its ineffectiveness. This paper recommends a shift to a skill and values-based model of education with ICT support, to ensure that education in Kenya produces relevant graduates for the modern dynamic industry. This could be one way of enhancing acceleration of sustainable development.&nbsp

Conference: ERPA International Congress on Education (ERPA) -- Location: Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY -- Date: JUN 06-08, 2014 In Turkey, when department of Interior Architecture in the universities are analyzed, departments have been observed to act independently from their "Academic Programs" and have developed different educational systems / models. In this context, this article intends to examine the curricula of 46 Departments of interior Architecture in Turkey, analyze of them and reveal the differences. As a result of this analysis; an example of "Curriculum" that will serve as a model for Interior Architecture is targeted. ERPA

A study on the impact of a pilot program where, as part of their school nurse training course, students visit the school from which they have graduated. The objectives of this program are : Firstly, students get a clear indication of the work and practical aspects of being a yogo teacher. Secondly, students change their ideas about what it means to be a yogo teacher. This is an opportunity to change studentsʼ ideas about what they think a yogo teacher does ; that is the yogo teacher as a teacher rather than as a nurse. Based on the questionnaire, I can conclude that most of the students who participated in this program appreciated it. Furthermore, upon analyzing the free descriptions provided by the students, it was clear to me that the students understood that what is demanded of a yogo teacher is based on an educational framework as opposed to a nursing framework. From the results of this study, I conclude that this program for students is an opportunity to change perceptions of the yogo teacher ; specifically that the work of a yogo teacher is based on an educational framework as opposed to a nursing framework.

In the 19th century, new discoveries permitted to pass from the Cartesian mechanism to a holistic view of life. In the educational field movements as Constructivist Learning and Holistic Education ...

Purpose of the paper: Building upon the advancements in knowledge proposed by the research stream about the “T-shaped professional”, the paper aims to investigate the opportunities and key factors of rethinking traditional education models and programs by exploring the contribution of service research in the field of education through the interpretative lens of systems thinking. Methodology: The paper traces a wide conceptual framework rooted in systems thinking and service research with the intent of highlighting the contribution of a T-shaped view in higher education programs. The proposed conceptual arguments are then tested through the analysis of the Master’s Degree program in Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME) of the Masaryk University in Brno (Czech Republic). Results: The paper proposes basic arguments for the development of a T-shaped model in higher education programs and empirical evidence concerning the possibility of implementing an effective T-shaped approach based on systems thinking in order to revise/rethink higher education programs. Practical implications: The paper provides a path to combine traditional hyper-specialized knowledge with more dynamic and cross-sectional capabilities in higher education programs. Originality of the paper: A wide perspective about the “T-shaped professionals” as a possible reference model in which vertical expertise is combined with horizontal capabilities and cross-sectional knowledge is proposed in the light of Systems Thinking and Service Research.

The article provides an overview of developments related to education in public relations. We consider the evolution of the concept of PR education and those developments that have been made in this direction over the last thirty years. The first part of the article is devoted to historiographical review of research education in public relations that took place in the western countries, including the US, UK, France and Germany. In the second part, the author makes an overview of the developments that were made towards the study of the phenomenon PR-education in the CIS. The third part of the study draws attention to the domestic segment of PR education and those studies that the Ukrainian scientists performed in the field of education in public relations. At the end of the article the author analyzes the stages of professional PR education inUkraine. The article focuses on the study of the technical and methodological aspects that contributed to the evolution and improvement in preparing of specialists in public relations. The study also describes the basic fundamental differences in the approach to the provision of educational services in the field of PR. These important studies have provided the driving force for the progress of PR education. The author focuses on the study of international experience in education in the field of public relations. The conclusions logically author summarizes the main provisions of the research and outlines the prospects for enhancing and improving in preparing of professionals in public relations., Статья посвящена обзору наработок, связанных с образованием в области связей с общественностью. Рассматривается эволюция понятия «PR-образование» и работ, осуществляемых в этом направлении последние тридцать лет. Первая часть статьи посвящена историографическому обзору исследований образования в области связей с общественностью, которые происходили в западных странах, в том числе США, Великобритании, Франции и Германии. Во второй части автор делает обзор наработок, осуществляемых в направлении исследования феномена PR-образования в странах СНГ. Третья часть обращает внимание на исследование национального сегмента PR-образования, а также исследований, проведенных украинскими учеными в области образования по связям с общественностью. В конце автор анализирует этапы становления профессионального PR-образования в Украине. В статье делается акцент на исследовании тех методических и методологических аспектов, которые давали толчок к эволюции и совершенствованию системы подготовки специалистов в сфере связей с общественностью., Статтю присвячено огляду напрацювань, пов’язаних із освітою у галузі зв’язків з громадськістю. Розглянуто еволюцію поняття «PR-освіта» та праць, які було представлено у цьому напрямку за останні тридцять років. Першу частину статті присвячено історіографічному огляду досліджень освіти в галузі зв’язків з громадськістю, які відбувалися у західних країнах, зокрема у США, Великій Британії, Франції та Німеччині. У другій частині автор розглядає напрацювання у напрямку дослідження феномену PR-освіти в країнах СНД. Третя частина звертає увагу на дослідження національного сегменту PR-освіти та тих досліджень, які проводили українські науковці у галузі освіти зі зв’язків з громадськістю. У кінці автор аналізує етапи становлення професійної PR-освіти в Україні. У статті робиться акцент на дослідженні тих методичних та методологічних аспектів, які надавали поштовх до еволюції та удосконалення системи підготовки фахівців галузі зв’язків з громадськістю.

O presente trabalho traz discussões sobre o ensino das Ligações Químicas no Ensino Médio e algumas implicações deste enfoque no aprendizado da Química pelos estudantes. De maneira geral, a compreensão de como os elementos químicos combinam-se formando as substâncias e compostos, é um ponto fundamental para o entendimento das propriedades das substâncias e de sua estrutura. Nesse sentido, as Ligações Químicas representam um assunto extremamente relevante, e seu conhecimento é essencial para um melhor entendimento das transformações que ocorrem em nosso mundo. Apesar dessas constatações, observa-se que a forma com que esse conceito é abordado nas aulas de química tem contribuído, contraditoriamente, para o surgimento de várias concepções alternativas, dificultando a compreensão do tema por parte dos estudantes. Acredita-se que uma das justificativas para essas observações está no uso exclusivo da “regra do octeto” como modelo explicativo para as Ligações Químicas. O uso de tal modelo ao longo dos tempos acabou por substituir os princípios químicos que lhe deram origem, transformando o conhecimento em uma série de rituais desinteressantes e até confusos para os estudantes. Com base nestas constatações, julga-se necessária uma reformulação na maneira de abordar este conteúdo em sala de aula, levando em consideração principalmente o fato de que as explicações sobre a formação das substâncias devem basear-se no conceito de energia, que é fundamental para o entendimento de como os átomos se combinam. Dessa maneira, a questão principal da pesquisa realizada e descrita aqui parte da seguinte indagação: é possível a elaboração de um modelo explicativo para as Ligações Químicas no Ensino Médio com base no conceito de energia e sem a necessidade do uso da “regra do octeto”? Baseando-se nos conceitos e metodologias da atividade de modelagem, buscou-se a elaboração de um modelo de ensino foi feito através de Unidades Didáticas destinadas a dar subsídios aos professores do Ensino Médio para abordar as ligações químicas por meio do conceito de energia. Através desse trabalho pretende-se fazer com que o processo de ensinoaprendizado do conteúdo de Ligações Químicas se torne mais significativo para os estudantes, desenvolvendo modelos que contribuam para o aprendizado desse e, consequentemente, de outros fundamentos básicos da química. This work presents discussions on the teaching of Chemical Bonds in high school and some implications of this approach in learning chemistry by students. In general, understanding how the chemicals combine to form substances and compounds, it is a key point for understanding the properties of substances and their structure. In this sense, the chemical bonds represent an extremely important issue, and their knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the changes occurring in our world. Despite these findings, it is observed that the way in which this concept is discussed in chemistry class has contributed, paradoxically, to the emergence of several alternative designs, making the understanding of the subject by students. It is believed that one of the explanations for these observations is the exclusive use of the "octet rule" as an explanatory model for the Chemical Bonds. The use of such a model over time eventually replace chemical principles that gave rise to it, transforming knowledge into a series of uninteresting rituals and even confusing for students. Based on these findings, it is deemed necessary a reformulation in the way to approach this content in the classroom, taking into account especially the fact that the explanations of the formation of substances should be based on the energy concept, which is fundamental to understanding how atoms combine. Thus, the main question of the survey and described here of the following question: Can the development of an explanatory model for the Chemical Bonds in high school based on the concept of energy and without the need to use the "octet rule"? Based on the concepts and methodologies of modeling activity, we sought the development of a teaching model was made through Teaching Units designed to give subsidies to high school teachers to address the chemical bonds through the concept of energy. Through this work it is intended to make the process of teaching and learning of Chemical Bonds content becomes more meaningful to students, developing models that contribute to the learning of this and hence other basic fundamentals of chemistry. Dissertação (Mestrado)

Higher education in China faces great challenges and opportunities in nowadays. One remarkable issue is the high unemployment rates of graduates because of their skills not matching the requirements of real world. A new development- driven e-leaning model, which combines modern educational thoughts and advanced educational technologies, is proposed for dealing with this issue. One case of development-driven e-learning model application in teaching fundamental information technology is introduced and some key issues are discussed. The result shows that the new development-driven e-Leaning model can improve learning interests and efficiency for college students and increase student's suitability to global workforce market.