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Orientation: Access to and use of formal finance can be an epitome for poverty reduction in developing and transitional economies. Most of these economies experienced great growth in gross domestic product (GDP) compounded with exploding inequality, including racial wealth gaps, increasing starvation, exorbitant health and housing costs. Research purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between financial intermediation and poverty within the context of financial dimensions of financial access, financial efficiency and financial stability. Motivation for the study: Previous literature focuses mainly on the role of financial development in poverty reduction, with a dearth of literature on the other financial dimensions of financial access, financial efficiency and financial stability in reducing poverty. Research approach/design and method: A quantitative approach was used in this study through econometric analysis of the data. A panel data analysis was used for a panel of 35 developing countries, mainly in Africa. The panel heterogeneous estimation method of pooled mean group was employed in a panel autoregressive distributed lags setting for this article Main findings: Financial intermediation, including the other financial dimensions, reduces poverty. The effect of the financial dimensions depended on how poverty is measured. Practical/managerial implications: Policymakers and development agencies should take note of poverty measurement in addressing poverty challenges. Distorted understanding of poverty will result in distorted policies, which yield little or no results for the effective use of formal finance to reduce poverty. Contribution/value-add: Other financial dimensions of the formal financial sector can be considered for the use in poverty reduction strategies.

This paper examines the impact of financial access on the accumulation of domestic savings in emerging markets (EMs) covering countries from Latin America, Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA), and Asia as classified by the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) index. We use the System Generalized Method of Moments panel estimation methodology on annual data spanning the period 1980-2018. Principal component analysis allows us to create a financial access index as a linear combination of two variables measured per 100,000 adults: number of bank branches per and number of ATMs.The results of the paper reveal a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between the improvement in financial access measures and the accumulation of domestic savings with a definite threshold level. More specifically, our results for the full sample indicate that improvement in financial access may initially increase the savings rateleading to an increase in savings. Nevertheless, once the financial access index reaches its threshold level further improvement in financial access tends decrease households' precautionary savings and to give rise to a decline in savings. Thus, the duality of the pattern highlights the non-linearity of financial access and domestic savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dwindling growth of small businesses and their rate of failure in South Africa has been traced to poor financing. Thus, the factors affecting the financial sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa are examined in this study. Using purposive sampling, data were collected from 310 respondents, however six were incorrectly completed. The analysis was based on data collected from 304 respondents which cut across owners and/or managers from small and medium construction, manufacturing, retail, and agricultural enterprises. A quantitative research design that falls under the positivist paradigm was used. Specifically, through a descriptive and multivariate regression analysis, it was found that financial awareness, budgeting, accounting skills, and access to finance have positive and significant effects on the financial sustainability of SMEs with all the variables, having 0.005 probability values, respectively. Out of all the variables examined, budgeting and access to finance have the largest absolute values of 0.425 and 0.373, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that workshops, training, and seminars to improve the financial literacy of small and medium enterprises should be organised. This will improve owner's ability to deploy the accounting and budgeting skills and they will be exposed to meeting loan criteria and conditions from financial institutions. Also, adequate funds should be allocated to cater for the regular training and development of small business owners using the services of financial experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to answer to the question of whether immigrants’ inflow might influence financial markets. The qualitative analyses of descriptive statistics and immigrants’ nationality allowed us to ascertain which the most preferred immigrants’ destinations are across the European countries, but also to get a picture of the countries from which most immigrants come from. Then, using annual data ranging from 1998 to 2014 for 20 European countries, a three-fold analysis was performed as to unveil complementary statistical links between immigrants’ inflow and several financial sector specific indicators. The analysis comprehensively considered the main components of the financial sector, namely the banking sector, the insurance one, the capital market and private pensions. First we relied on the correlation and causality approach, complemented by the use of a panel regression with fixed effects. According to the country by country investigation, the information provided by the descriptive statistics, by the causality test and by the size of the fixed effects estimated through panel regressions shows that Germany clearly detaches itself among the other European countries considered. This most wanted destination among European countries and the second most preferred in the world, records the most pronounced and persistent influence of the number of immigrants on several financial sector features. From the standpoint of the financial sector, the most influenced by immigrants’ inflow, it has been found that bank specific variables are on the top. This result confirms both economic intuition and practice, because immigrants are more prone to use basic banking services rather than invest on the capital market or sign life and non-life insurance contracts.

This article provides evidence of horizontal inequity in the distribution of the burden and benefits of healthcare in north‐western Ghana. A qualitative approach was used to collect and analyse the data on variation in perceptions of affordability of health services to rural and urban populations in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana. The article argues that costs of transportation, food and lodging associated with seeking healthcare at the municipal referral hospital are disproportionately higher for rural residents. This leads to delayed medical treatment, self‐medication or reliance on traditional medicines, all of which can come with harmful consequences. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's main aim is to figure out what function financial goods and services play in mediating the link between financial access and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)' growth in developing markets. Consequently, this article aims to see whether the usage of monetary goods and services in a developing nation like India mediates the connection between financial access and MSMEs' growth. The data were collected from 392 MSMEs in the Jammu region using a cross-sectional research method. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to see whether the use of financial goods and services in developing nations had a mediating consequence on the link between financial access and MSMEs' growth. The study exclusively collected data from MSMEs in India's Jammu region. There is still the possibility of confirming this result in other emerging economies. MSMEs may participate in financial access initiatives provided by organisations to use financial services better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examined the relationship of household financial behaviors and accesses. Using the 2015 National Financial Capability Study, the current study conducted latent class analysis of financial behaviors to identify latent classes (N = 27,564). The distribution of access was investigated among latent classes, which were regressed on the financial behaviors of financial planning and financial spending factors and other covariates using multinomial logistic regression. After controlling for other variables, the odds of being in Thinly Banked, Limited Access, and Working Families classes instead of being in Investors class decreased by 90%, 88%, and 66% for every point higher in financial planning behavior, respectively. Results suggest that desirable financial behaviors such as planning are important for consumers with the least financial access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the implementation of the Kawasan Mandiri Pangan (KMP) program, a microfinance program for farmer groups, assessing whether the program affects farmers’ decisions concerning production, marketing, and consumption or not, and its impacts on household food security along three dimensions: food availability, food access, and food utilization. Based on a qualitative and theory of change mixed-methods analysis, which uses interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), this research sheds light on the program’s success among two groups of farmers. Both groups experienced improved productivity and increased food availability, but only one group sustained the program. The results indicate that the program has not affected the commercialization of any particular crop, where the crop’s best selling price, relationships, and commitments are factors that affect the farmers’ marketing decisions. Other findings show how food access at the household level increased when the crop’s selling price was reasonable, while food utilization was influenced predominantly by local wisdom. Taken together, the research findings highlight the importance of the capability of the management, the commitment of the members, and the supervision of the agricultural extension agents. There is a need for a locally owned enterprise to absorb agricultural products and maintain the selling price of crops, which is the primary driver of food accessibility and utilization at the household level.

This paper empirically investigates the effects of remittances on access to financial services in 26 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2004–2015. We find that remittances have a significantly positive impact on financial access in Sub-Saharan Africa. This finding remains true in least squares regressions and with Arellano-Bond Dynamic Panel Estimation that accounts for the endogenous relationship between remittances and financial access and that controls for any bias arising from the lagged dependent variables, as well as using an alternative measure of financial access.

The dynamic causal relationship between bank competition, financial access, and economic growth has been widely studied in many countries both developed and developing countries. However, the results of a lot of studies demonstrate a controversial point of view and diverse conclusions. This study aims, firstly to investigate the short-run dynamic causal relationship between bank competition, access to finance and economic growth. Secondly, to examine the long-run effect and causality relationship between bank competition, financial access, and economic growth. This study applied the quantitative method approach by employing PVECM, FMOLS, and DOLS. All data was collected from the Asia Development Bank (ADB) and World Development Indicators (World Bank) in the panel data set of 25 selected Asian countries during the period 1995-2018. This empirical study found strong evidence of the long-run effect that supports the market power hypothesis, which predicts that low competition adversely affects access to finance which consequently reduces economic growth. In addition, this study revealed that there was a long-run feedback causal relationship between access to finance and economic growth. Hence the financial access is one of the long-run engines of growth, in turn, economic growth also has a long-term significant effect and positively related to financial access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 41.6% of Nigerians have no access to formal financial services. Studies have shown that apart from factors such as distance to banks, financial illiteracy, irregular income, unemployment and complexity of account opening; lack of proof of identity documentation debars a significant number of persons from accessing finance. This work seeks to address the issue of proof of identity as a significant factor of financial exclusion in order to help citizens more easily fulfil mandatory Know-Your-Customer (KYC) checks as well as facilitate access to financial services including payments, savings, loans, pension and insurance. Significantly, the goal of citizens' identification was entrenched as far back as 1984 in the International Declaration of Human Rights. Similarly, goal 16.9 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) which envisions a legal identity for all by the year 2030 also mirrors this call. However, though the National Identification Management Commission (NIMC) was established in 2007 to oversee all matters of citizens' registration, only about 30 million Nigerians have been registered out of the total national population of approximately 198 million. Using a doctrinal method of research, this work examines the reasons for the slow pace of registration by the commission and also attempts to offer solutions. This method of research is ideal as mostly legal literature and regulatory guidelines and policies are utilised in the analyses. Furthermore, the work draws examples from the regulatory landscape of jurisdictions such as Pakistan, Peru and India where positive strides have been achieved in the sphere of citizens' registration. In Pakistan for instance, 98 per cent of the target population have been captured by the national identification program including socially disadvantaged groups with the help of mobile registration agents comprising of hikers, van drivers, mountaineers, bikers, and skiers to locate citizens even in the most remote locations. The author proposes a self-sustaining universal national identification system that provides Nigerians with the needed foundational identity to access financial services with a view to achieving financial inclusion as well as other social services. The paper also proposes an efficient national identification system that is cost-effective, inclusive and recognises the limitations of some Nigerians especially persons without documentation and those residing at a distance from banks. In addition, the shortcomings of the existing identification system such as funding strategies, mode of registration and logistics management are highlighted. Finally, a more effective means to reach excluded populations founded on emerging technology particularly digital identification using biometrics and associated technologies such as blockchains is suggested. The paper is expected to contribute to the growing body of literature on improving national identification and to add some thoughts to the global conversation on financial inclusion bolstered on an effective national identification system. Furthermore, the recommendations are intended to foster socially inclusive gains in several other sectors beyond the financial sector including agriculture, health, and social security. Finally, even though this work is specifically focused on Nigeria, the findings offer veritable lessons for other nations grappling with financial exclusion by reason of inadequate or unsuitable identification systems. This work is divided into 3 parts. Part I provides an overview of the national identification and financial inclusion efforts in Nigeria. Part II provides some insights into national identification in Nigeria while Part III highlights the value in developing a system based on biometrics and the positive link with financial inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial management behavior and financial access are important to overall financial well-being, yet have not been well studied. This study contributes to the literature of financial access and financial management behavior by empirically exploring relevant factors for each and the relationship between them. The data are derived from the 2012 and 2015 National Financial Capacity Study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to derive the factors relevant for consumer financial access and consumer financial management behaviors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to establish reliability and construct validity of the identified factors. The structural equation modeling and linear regression were jointly used to examine the relationship between them. Results suggest that consumer financial access consists of a nine-element structure: savings accounts, checking accounts, retirement accounts, retirement plans, emergency funds, homeownership, investments, credit, and health insurance. Financial management behavior consists of a five-element structure: consumption, cash management, emergency savings, small-dollar consumer loans, and credit management. Financial management behavior is significantly associated with financial access. Better consumer financial management behavior is associated with better financial access. Policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines financial capability among low-income older Asian immigrants, using data from in-depth interviews with 13 participants in a subsidized employment program in Los Angeles. Overall, respondents present a portrait of economic insecurity. Qualitative analyses indicate that respondents perceived little need to improve their financial knowledge and management skills because they had "no money to manage. " Most respondents lacked either financial knowledge or financial management skills, which resulted in substantial financial losses among some respondents. Mistrust of financial institutions ("Banks are always vampires") and other financial barriers (for example, lack of credit history) blocked respondents' access to formal financial services. In some cases, ethnic financial resources (for example, ethnic banks) reduced the effects of such barriers. There is evidence that respondent financial knowledge and management skills may improve after opening a bank account, suggesting a potential role for financial access in expanding financial capability. Findings demonstrate the importance of financial capability–building interventions for low-income older Asian immigrants. Social workers should be equipped with financial literacy and in-depth understanding of financial needs, perceptions, values, behaviors, and resources of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses survey data of over 22 000 respondents in Nigeria, to provide evidence for the impact of two key drivers of financial inclusion: financial literacy and income levels. The study shows that financial literacy significantly determines savings patterns with formal and informal financial institutions; however, income only drives the frequency of informal savings. The results also highlight the demographic groups suitable for financial literacy and other interventions aimed at improving financial access. The findings will support the market segmentation capabilities of financial services providers and also guide regulators in formulating policies that will improve and deepen financial access. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The recent increase in user-generated content and social media adoption in developing countries offers an unprecedented opportunity to better understand the accessibility and spatial distribution of financial services in sub-Saharan Africa. Financial inclusion has been identified as a priority by multiple agencies in the region and on-the-ground efforts are currently underway to identify previously unknown financial access points in numerous developing African countries. Existing techniques for estimating the location of these access points rely on spatial analysis of often outdated or unsuitable publicly available datasets such as population density, road networks, etc., as well as expensive and time consuming surveys of locals in the region. In this work we propose an approach to augment existing spatial data analysis techniques through the inclusion of user-generated geo-content and geo-social media data. Through a comparison of standard regression models and machine learning techniques, this work proposes the use of alternative data sources to build prediction models for identifying financial access locations in countries where current estimation models are insufficient. With a better understanding of geospatial distribution patterns this work aims at reducing data acquisition costs and providing decision makers with critical data more quickly and efficiently. Finally, we present a mobile application built on the outcomes of this analysis that is currently being used to better inform on-the-ground data collection efforts. Highlights • Addressing concerns over financial inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa is important. • Information on accessibility and spatial distribution of mobile money agents is limited. • User-generated content & geo-social media usage is growing in sub-Saharan Africa. • We augment existing spatial analysis techniques through inclusion of these data. • A prediction layer was developed for inclusion in our mobile data collection application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quiet Life Hypothesis (QLH) is the pursuit of less efficiency by firms. In this study, we assess if powerful banks in the African banking industry are increasing financial access. The QLH is therefore consistent with the pursuit of financial intermediation inefficiency by large banks. To investigate the hypothesis, we first estimate the Lerner index. Then, using Two Stage Least Squares, we assess the effect of the Lerner index on financial access proxied by loan price and loan quantity. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks from 42 countries for the period 2001-2011. The findings support the QLH, although quiet life is driven by the below-median Lerner index sub-sample. Policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the role of information sharing offices (public credit registries and private credit bureaus) in reducing market power for financial access in the African banking industry. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks from 42 countries for the period 2001-2011. Three simultaneity-robust empirical strategies are employed, namely (1) Two Stage Least Squares with Fixed Effects in order to account for simultaneity and the unobserved heterogeneity, (2) Generalised Method of Moments to control for simultaneity and time-invariant omitted variables and (3) Instrumental Variable Quantile regressions to account for simultaneity and initial levels of financial access. In order to ensure that information sharing offices influence market power for loan price (quantity) to decrease (increase), public credit registries should have between 3.156% and 3.3% coverage, while private credit bureaus should have between 1.443 and 18.4% coverage. The established thresholds are cut-off points at which information sharing offices completely neutralise the negative effect of market power on financial access. The thresholds are contingent on the dimension (loan price versus loan quantity) and distribution (conditional mean versus conditional distribution) of financial access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically investigates the effects of remittances on access to financial services in 26 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2004–2015. We find that remittances have a significantly positive impact on financial access in Sub-Saharan Africa. This finding remains true in least squares regressions and with Arellano-Bond Dynamic Panel Estimation that accounts for the endogenous relationship between remittances and financial access and that controls for any bias arising from the lagged dependent variables, as well as using an alternative measure of financial access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a database of 23,000 firms in 45 economies, we test the quantitative importance of access to finance and access to public and private credit for the determination of misallocation. We first derive measures of factor market and size distortions, and then use these measures within a regression framework to test the significance of self-declared access-to-finance obstacles as well as the effect of access to a credit line issued by either a government-owned or private bank. We find that access-to-finance obstacles and private credit increase the dispersion of distortions. Public credit has a very small effect. For firms that do not face financial obstacles, public credit increases the dispersion of distortions; for firms that face financial obstacles, it slightly decreases dispersion. Public credit does not appear to compensate for the distortions that exist in private credit markets. Quantitatively, however, financial variables explain a very small part of the dispersion of factor market and size distortions.

Access to basic financial services is one possible path leading to a better life for the poor. This is endorsed by SADC governments, and various strategies were in the past decade implemented to advance financial access. South Africa was particularly successful in enhancing access via its government-incentivised Mzansi entry-level bank account. This study researches what happened in the other SADC countries and specifically the role governments played in lifting the barriers to access to and use of formal banking services. It is concluded that no other SADC country was as successful as South Africa.

This paper examines finance - inequality relations by focusing on whether financial access mitigates income inequality at different levels of inequality. Applying quantile regressions to a cross-country data set of 73 countries, we find evidence that financial access serves as an inequalitymitigating factor only when income inequality of a country is low. In other words, for countries experiencing high inequality, emphasizing financial access in the development of finance may not reduce income inequality. From the analysis, we also find the significant role of trade openness and infrastructure in equalizing income distribution respectively at low and high inequality levels. The implications of these results are clear: there is no single policy that would fit all. In countries with low income inequality, the policy emphasis should be on widening financial access. Meanwhile, infrastructure development should be given priority in countries with high income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial access, or the household use of formal financial services, includes the ability to access transaction, credit, and investment products and services from formal financial institutions. In contrast, households that use Alternative Financial Services (AFS), or products and services from non-bank sources, lack full financial access and are considered financially excluded. Financial access is a necessary component of strong household financial well-being. Some researchers discuss the two as opposite sides of the same construct, or “two sides of the same coin” because they are closely related features of one idea. Using national data from the 2015 Financial Capability Study (n = 27,564), this study sought to explore the nature of the relationship between financial access and AFS use using confirmatory factor analysis. Results suggest that the two concepts are weakly and positively related, which suggests that they are not “two sides of the same coin”. The determinates of AFS use are complex, and may include social factors. A holistic approach to expanding financial access may be most effective. Policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper investigates the effect of access to finance on the productivity of manufacturing firms in Sub-Saharan Africa. With the aid of the Semi-parametric approach by Levinsohn and Petrin, findings reveal that access to a cost-effective line of credit/loan or an overdraft facility has a positive effect on firm productivity. The study, therefore, concludes that it is of outmost benefit for firms to acquire credit facilities for more productive projects and that the credit constraints firms in Africa face should be significantly relaxed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses how market power in the African banking industry is affected by the complementarity between information sharing offices and information and communication technology (ICT). The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks consisting of 42 countries for the period 2001–2011. Three estimation techniques are employed, namely: (i) instrumental variable Fixed effects to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) Tobit regressions to control for the limited range in the dependent variable; and (iii) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of market power. Whereas results from Fixed effects and Tobit regressions are not significant, with QR: (i) the interaction between internet penetration and public credit registries reduces market power in the 75th quartile and (ii) the interaction between mobile phone penetration and private credit bureaus increases market power in the top quantiles. Fortunately, the positive net effects are associated with negative marginal effects from the interaction between private credit bureaus and mobile phone penetration. This implies that mobile phones could complement private credit bureaus to decrease market power when certain thresholds of mobile phone penetration are attained. These thresholds are computed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unorganised sector is no more considered as a residual one in the developing and in the underdeveloped countries; rather it is considered as a common component of such economies. This sector is playing an important role in those countries both in terms of its contribution to the national income and employment generation. However, despite its importance, the enterprises in this sector are facing various problems. A large segment of enterprises state non-accessibility to credit is the most important problem faced by them. Moreover, existing reports and literature states that the formal financial institutions are not interested to deal with the unorganised enterprises. As a result, they have to depend on the informal sources of credit. This present paper based on secondary data analyses the various characteristics of unorganised manufacturing enterprises in Assam and their accessibility to credit. Results indicate that the average amount of outstanding loan per unorganised manufacturing enterprise in Assam is smaller than that of all-India average. Again, the enterprises in the rural areas are more dependent on the non-institutional sources of credit when compared to those in the urban areas. Similarly, the smaller enterprises have limited access to credit from the formal financial institutions as compared to the larger enterprises.

Las remesas enviadas por los migrantes en Estados Unidos a sus familiares en América Latina están situadas fuera de las categorías ‘tradicionales’ de espacio. No sólo atraviesan diferentes espacios geográficos más allá de los Estados nación, sino que también se mueven en gran parte fuera de los espacios formales de las instituciones bancarias. Tomando el ejemplo de los mercados financieros en México y en base a estudios recientes sobre el impacto de las remesas en el sector financiero, este artículo explora en qué forma las remesas tienen el potencial de transformar espacios locales y de reducir algunas de las fallas de mercado que prevalecen ante todo en los mercados financieros rurales. Abstract Remittances, the money sent by migrants to their families back home, are situated outside ‘traditional’ categories of space in several ways. Not only do these smallscale financial transactions span the transnational space beyond the nation-state; they also move largely outside the institutional spaces of the formal banking sector. Taking the case of financial markets in Mexico and building on recent empirical findings on the impact of migrants’ remittances on the financial sector of the receiving countries, this article explores how remittances may lead to a transformation of local spaces by reducing some of the market failures that prevail, especially in rural financial markets.

For a common small- to medium-sized fish farm in an agricultural-based economy, monitoring costs is very important, since financial constraints are always a problem for these farmers. This will be thus easier if the farmers can get access to external funds. This paper used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the technical efficiency, cost efficiency and allocative efficiency of 639 fish farms in the Red River Delta (RRD) in Vietnam in 2018 to see how fish farmers control their costs and if financial access can really help in this matter. We found that these fish farms were very inefficient, meaning that they did not succeed in monitoring and allocating their costs and resources. Among the factors that could improve their efficiency, we found that developing the rural banking system to provide more financial access for RRD fish farms is an important solution.

Financial literacy refers to level of competence in making information based decisions about selection of financial instruments in daily life, is basically a skill about financial products and their applications. The component parts of financial literacy can be discussed in the framework of financial knowledge, financial attitude and financial behavior. Youth who can be viewed as the future of the society are important to have a relatively high level of financial literacy. In this context, the main goal of this study is to examine the financial literacy which plays an important role for high school in a theoretical way and determine their financial literacy level with get information from financial access, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the students of high scholls where is in Trabzon, Ortahisar. From the result of the analysis show that students haven't enough knowladge about bacis financial concepts and students's interests are low on financial developments. Also, students show favorable behaviors and attitudes but can say that their financial knowladges have a low effect on their behaviors and attidudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to assess how information sharing offices affect loan price and quantity in the African banking industry. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 162 banks in 42 countries for the period 2001–2011. From the Generalised Method of Moments, public credit registries decrease loan price. With instrumental Quantile Regressions, two main findings are established. Public credit registries consistently decrease the price of loans whereas private credit bureaus consistently have the opposite effect. Public credit registries increase loan quantity in bottom quintiles (or banks associated with lower loan quantities) while private credit bureaus increase loan quantity in top quintiles (or banks associated with higher loan quantities). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]