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Focuses on the dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain. Opposition of industrial workers and the Catholic bishops to his regime; Efforts in improving Spain's economy; Limitations that he imposed on the rights of workers.

Provides information on the Benedictine brotherhood. Motto of the brotherhood; Foundation of the brotherhood by Saint Benedict of Nursia; Number of Benedictine monasteries in the U.S. as of May 1962.

Focuses on the Finnish government's struggle to adhere independence. Threats posed by the well-entrenched Communist Party of Russia to Finland's government; Golden rule of the Finnish foreign policy; Support extended by the U.S. government to the Finnish government.

Focuses on the growing affluence of countries in Europe. Prosperity of citizens; Increase in national wealth; Annual rate of growth of France, Italy, and Western Germany; Demand for employment in the Netherlands; Modernization of businesses.

This article focuses on the provision of aid to Yugoslavia by the U.S. George Frost Kennan, an ambassador was sent to Josip Broz Tito, a nonfriend, nonenemy of the United States, with a mission to take a new look at the thirteen-year-old Yugoslav adventure. U.S. aided Yugoslavia to the tune of $ 2,130,000,000, including some $ 5,700,000,000 in military aid. Kennan has no intention of threatening to cut off aid every time the Yugoslavs act up. The twofold purpose of keeping Yugoslavia independent and opening her gradually to the West, is so far got money's worth.

Features Sotheby & Co., the world's leading auction house for works of art. background/history of Sotheby and their business operation; Analysis of figures representing the firm's sales records from preceding auctions; List of famous art works sold at Sotheby's auctions.

Presents information on the socio-political condition of Berlin, Germany, when it was facing increasing shrill of Soviet Union's threat. Report that new money poured into new installations at the rate of $40,000,000 a month; Fact that the number of unemployed had dropped below the 20,000 mark; Information on the city planning of East Berlin.

The article presents information on the social life of Brittany, France. There are few factories in Brittany. The Paris-Brest air service started only last year. Television is just coming in, the latest novelty. No one is in a hurry. Life moves with the slow, peaceful rhythm of the age of our grandparents. And while the Bretons may consider their poor and backward province the stepchild of the French Republic, the visitor from more advanced parts of the globe delights in its unworldliness.

Focuses on the efforts of Hungarians to fight against Communist for their freedom. Revolution of the nation against its Russian masters; Psychological effect of war on Hungarians; Aftermath of the war across the nation.

Focuses on the works of Franciscans, the followers of Saint Francis of Assisi and one of the religious orders of the Roman Catholic Church. Fascination for non-Catholics Number of Franciscan friars who work as missionaries, largely in Latin American and Asia; Love gained by Franciscans from those who have known them for their soul; Conduct of life of Franciscan friars.

Comments on the effects of Belgium colonization on the economic and social condition in Congo. Investment ranging from docks and railroads, schools and government buildings; Quality of the colonial administration; Abolition of all race discrimination in the Congo and Belgium's resolution.

Discusses the construction of the longest underground highway from Rome to London in Europe. Value of the underground highway; Materials used for the construction; Features of the underground highway.

This article reports that the town of Bab-el-Oued in Algiers, Algeria has become a symbol of the European settler's will to keep Algeria French at any cost. It was the men of Bab-el-Oued who, during the riots in downtown Algiers in January 1959, provided roughly half the force of some 3500 European die-hards who manned the barricades in a pathetic gesture of defiance against French President Charles de Gaulle's Algerian policy. Of Algiers' 300,000 Europeans, some 75,000 live in Bab-el-Oued, together with some 20,000 Moslems.

The article focuses on the status of education for the American students in Paris, France. The end of American isolation, the urge to know what made our friends and allies tick and the rapidly increasing interest in foreign languages were acknowledged by the G.I. Bill of Rights under which the American veterans could study at foreign universities. Paris, France is full of American boys and girls spending their junior year abroad under a plan adopted by an evergrowing number of American colleges.

Features the 700-year-old Gothic cathedral in Chartres, France. Interior and exterior design of the cathedral; Historical backgrounds of the church; Number of men constructed the cathedral.

Discusses the interests of other countries on the petroleum resources of Libya. Development budget offered by a American company group for oil research; Opportunities for Libya on accepting foreign investments for petroleum trade; Impact of oil revenue on the economic development of the country.

Focuses on the preparations made for the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, Italy. Role of Italian football in the preparations for the Olympics; Historical background of the Olympics; Details of the venues and the facilities to be used in the Olympic Games; Description of the design and construction of the various sports facilities.

Focuses on the changes in Wales from being the darkest spot in depression-ridden Europe. Actions made by the British Government in reforming Wales; City planning made for the development of infrastructures; Education system in Wales after the Government reforms.

This article focuses on the victory of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan at the national elections last October as a conservative candidate. The Labor Party's third defeat in less than a decade proved that the party of the working man, which had presented Great Britain with the welfare state, was losing its appeal. In gaining virtually all its socialist objectives in the years after World War II, Labor had spent itself as a dynamic force, it would need a thorough overhauling before it could recapture its old function in British politics. Today the rivalry between the Conservative and the Labor Party has lost its meaning.

Reports that the newly elevated Angelo Giuseppe Cardinal Roncalli and called Pope John XXIII has brought changes in the temper and tradition of the ancient governing body of the Catholic Church. Factors influencing the Pope to change church customs; Observation of his informality among people and thus rejecting privacy policies for popes; Arguments of traditionalists on the efforts of the Pope to restore the bureaucracy of the Vatican.

This article focuses on the relation between the U.S. and Morocco. Tunisia and Morocco, recently have emerged from France's tutelage and now are independent nations, war-torn Algeria, in the middle, remains for the time being French. The bitter fight for independence has left a heavy mortgage on North Africa. The U.S. maintain a string of air bases in Morocco that make this recently freed country, willy-nilly, a pawn in the cold war. Laid out eight years ago at a cost of some $500,000,000, these bases have of late become the subject of a controversy whose outcome may affect the U.S. dealings with the entire Arab world. Of the five major installations the U.S. operate, one is a naval air base on the coast, another is an inactive air base; the three others are operative bases whose lodgers are the long-range bombers of the U.S. Strategic Air Command.

The article features General Charles de Gaulle, the president of the Fifth Republic of France and the man responsible to save the country. His passionate devotion to the cause of France, bordering on obsession, is too well known to be debated. De Gaulle's immense authority enabled him to take some measures that would have wrecked any previous government. What seems far more important to the Frenchman in the street is that he is being squeezed between high prices and low wages. Not only has the average French worker lost about one tenth of his purchasing power since De Gaulle came in, but some of the reform decrees seem needlessly severe and irritating.

This article focuses on the return of fashion designer Mlle Chanel after three decades. Though better known as the dispenser of the world's most famous perfume No. 5, Mlle Chanel considers ladies' suits and dresses her principal concern, and the new look of youth, simplicity and ease that dominates the female silhouette is traceable to her scissors. In 1954, she suddenly emerges from fifteen years' oblivion, acting as if she had merely been out to lunch, and presently reoccupies the throne of fashion! If such a comeback would be something to write home about in any business, it is unique in the rough little world of dress designing, where lives and memories are short.

Discusses the advantages of visiting the Greek isles in the Aegean Sea. Estimated number of tourists from the U.S. who visited the Greek isles in the summer of 1959; Advantages of visiting the islands; Description of Mykonos, Delos, Santorin and other Greek islands in the Aegean.

Focuses on the construction of a superdike aimed at protecting the Netherlands from the Sea. Challenges facing the construction process; Methods used to keep the sandy ground from shifting; Strategies adopted by the engineers to avoid risks during the construction.

The article discusses how the Jesuits have had to contend with enemies inside the Roman Catholic Church as well as outside. Jesuits, by far the largest and, in many ways, most influential of the religious orders of the Catholic Church, is also the most feared, the most suspected and the most maligned. A body of religious men devoted to the spiritual perfection of themselves and others, the Jesuits may exercise their apostolate in a variety of ways, including teaching, preaching, missionary work, and social action. There is, at first sight, something baffling about Jesuits. Although they form an order, they are neither monks nor friars, but clerks regular. They do not live in monasteries but in houses.

Profiles Achille Lauro, leader of the Popular Monarchist splinter party in Naples, Italy. Background on the city of Naples; Information on the gift of Lauro for survival; Overview of the charges against Lauro and his men by the Italian government due to financial issues.

Focuses on the appointment of André Malraux, chief adviser of French General Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle. Career background of Malraux; Implications of the appointment of Malraux; Reason of Malraux for not joining the Communist party.

Focuses on antiques at the Old Curiosity Shop, owned by George Peter Boswell, in London, England. Elements that make an object antique; Reasons for buying or collecting antiques; Selection of furnitures and Chinese porcelains available at the shop.

The article discusses the possible threat facing the U.S. if it tries to help France in drilling the oil reserve in the Sahara desert in Algeria. The pipelines and railroads in the area are so vulnerable to rebel attack due to the Algerian war. The estimated area of Hassi Messaoud oil reserve is estimated to be equal with that of the city of Paris. There have been seven wells completed in the area and three on progress.

Focuses on the increasing value of art works painted by French impressionists and postimpressionists sold in the art market in Paris, France. Cost of the "Still Life With Apples," by Paul Gaugin sold at the art auction at Charpentier's art gallery in 1957; Impact of owning an impressionist painting on one's reputation or prestige; Factors that influence the rise in value of art works.

Highlights the participation of the U.S. in the 5th Brussels Universal and International Exposition in Belgium. Expected number of people who will attend the event; Location of the pavilion of the U.S. across the way from the pavilion of the Soviet Union; Information on the bicycle-wheel roof to be featured by the pavilion of the U.S.

Features Irish fashion designer Sybil Connolly. Use of Irish fabric by Connolly; Role of her small production in turning down requests from U.S. department stores to handle her creations; Preference of the fashion designer for making her own gown duplicates in standard sizes.

The article profiles Stavros Spyros Niarchos, Greek owner of the biggest fleet of privately owned oil tankers. He became a partner at a flour mill owned by his uncles when one of his uncle died and eventually owned seven ships that included two tankers. In World War II, he turned his fleet into the Allies and joined in the Greek Navy where he became a lieutenant. He built his first 18,072-ton supertanker called World Peace out of a loan amounted to $3,000,000.

The article offers insights on the relations of the Swedish government with the Western countries and Russia. The Russian military has a keen interest on the Scandinavian region due to its strategic location which would be vital for the Russian troops as they advanced westward across Europe. In 1948, the Swedish government made a proposal to its Danish and Norwegian neighbors to establish a Scandinavian defense alliance. The Conservative Party in Sweden strongly urges for the removal of neutrality and participation of the government with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The article provides information on several U.S. ambassadors. It is said that financial contribution in politics has led some ambassadors to their position. Salaries being paid to the ambassadors were low compared with other European countries. There has been changes in ambassadorship in the U.S. since 1914.

The article comments on the Louvre art museum in Paris, France. It describes the layout and arrangement of art works in the museum. It discusses the role of the French government in the failure of the museum to acquire the masterpieces of French impressionists. It discusses the effect of the presentation of the Venus de Milo statue at the museum.

Profiles King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden. Focus of the king on the neutrality of Sweden in the cold war; Interest of the king in horseriding; Marital backgrounds; Maintenance of the royal collection of Oriental art objects by the king; Amount of the annual salary of King Gustaf.

The article discusses the threat that communism might penetrate in France after the war with Russia. It states that despite the losses of the French communists in the June 1951 elections, the country is still under the threat of violent internal conflict. It cites the implications on the appointment of comrade Léon Mauvais as the secretary of the Gas and Electricity Worker's Union, an affiliate of the General Confederation of Labor (GCT) which was run by communists. It emphasizes the role of GCT in the penetration of communism.

Profiles Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie, a communist and Commissioner for Atomic Energy in France in 1950. Career of Joliot-Curie as a nuclear physicists; Interest of Joliot-Curie in socialism; Awards received by Joliet-Curie in the field of nuclear chemistry.

Focuses on the revolt of deputies Aldo Cucchi and Valdo Magnani against the leader of Italian Reds party Palmiro Togliatti. Criticism made by Magnani against the communist party during its provincial congress on January 19, 1951; Factors that influenced Cucchi to resign from the party; Reaction of the party to the deputies' resignation.

The article focuses on Corporal Vittorio Proietti of the 5th Company, 88th Infantry Regiment, Friuli Division of the Army of the Republic of Italy. Proietti's company consists of only eighty instead of 130 prescribed men. The backbone of Proietti's regiment consists of farm hands, greengrocers, cabinetmakers and charcoal burners. Proietti spends most of his evenings at the enlisted men's dayroom, where there are writing tables reminding him that it is time to write the weekly letter for home.

The article discusses the trade of high-grade firearms and war weapons in Great Britain. In the first half of 1950, Great Britain was exporting armaments and weapons to Russia four times over than it did in the first half of 1949. The Wherry amendment of the U.S. Senate aims to cut off economic aid to countries that deliver shipping war potential to the Soviet Union. Despite its prevention, the patience of the U.S. government with Great Britain's tolerance with the Soviet Union was already drained.

The article presents information on J. A. Henckels, a cutlery business based in Solingen, Germany. It says that after the U.S. had bombed 45% of the Henckles plant, it shipped almost a quarter of a million dollars' worth of its products to the country. J A. Henckels has been known for its line of knives and tableware and its plant is the largest in Solingen which employs 1,500 workers.

The article focuses on the failure of King Leopold III to recapture the Belgian throne. He was accused of wartime desertion from the Allied cause when he refused to accompany his government into exile and fight on from there after the defeat of the Belgian campaign. He proposed a temporary delegation of his prerogatives to the crown prince, reserving for himself the right to resume full power. He made an effort to negotiate with the Socialists who launched an attack against him.

The article focuses on the implications of the increased delivery of guns and ammunitions in Cherbourg, France as part of the U.S. Mutual Defense Assistance Program (MDAP) in April 1950. The types of equipment delivered in the port include howitzers, rifles and machine guns. It cites the reasons of the French government for establishing its MDAP base in Cherbourg. The main purpose of the base is to receive MDAP cargoes and forward them to their destinations by train or truck.

This article emphasizes that the communists among the ranks of dock workers in London, England could threaten the U.S. supply line to Great Britain in the event of an all-out war against the Soviet Union. It explains that these dock workers were patriotic and served well the Allied cause in World War II but a war with the Soviet could prove otherwise. It reports on several strikes by dock workers that were orchestrated by the communists. These strikes were enough to threaten the peacetime economy of Great Britain.

This article discusses the assistance given by the U.S. government to Greece since the end of World War II. The assistance was very important to the country and its citizens. The agricultural system has improved due to the aid. Further, the U.S. public was concerned about the condition of Greeks. The guerrillas are making a great impact on the stability of politics and economy of Greece.

The article assesses the relationship of Iran with the Soviet Union and the U.S. in 1950. There is a possibility that Iran will be invaded by the Soviets. The manifestations of this observation are indicated. In addition, this article explores the instability of politics in Iran. The concerns of the U.S. government over politics in the kingdom are stated.

Provides tips to American tourists wanting to visit Europe. Economic impact of tourism in most Western European countries; Sights and attractions in Europe; Condition of Europe's hotel business after World War II.