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A simulation method was utilized to study the electromigration reliability of two daisy chain structures which were subjected to electric current of 0.05 A at environment temperature of 22°C. The current density and temperature distribution of the two daisy chain structures were compared and the electromigration reliability of two types of daisy chain structures were analyzed. The results show that the current crowding effect of typical bump in parallel daisy chain structure was more prominent than that of typical bump in series daisy chain structure. The current density followed eight-order polynomial distribution. The hot spots of both structures coincided with the current crowding regions and the maximum temperature in typical bump in parallel daisy chain structure was obviously higher than that in typical bump in series daisy chain structure. The electromigration reliability of parallel chain structure was lower than that of series chain structure due to higher temperature and higher current density in hot spots of parallel chain structure. These findings will offer fundamental insights into electromigration and reliability theory.

Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKA, TRKB, TRKC) are transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, which are respectively encoded by NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 genes. Herein, we reported the design, synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) investigation of a series of macrocyclic derivatives as new TRK inhibitors. Among these compounds, compound 9e exhibited strong kinase inhibitory activity (TRKG595R IC50 = 13.1 nM) and significant antiproliferative activity in the Ba/F3-LMNA-NTRK1 cell line (IC50 = 0.080 μM) and compound 9e has shown a better inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.646 μM) than control drug LOXO-101 in Ba/F3-LMNA-NTRK1-G595R cell line. These results indicate that compound 9e is a potential TRK inhibitor for further investigation.

We design and implement a satellite optical switching hardware platform based on optical burst switching (OBS) technology. The hardware platform runs stably and realizes 20*20 channels of Microseconds level optical switching, which meets the requirements of quality of service (QoS) in the current optical network.

Engineering microwave absorption materials with absorption in multiple bands and strong absorption performance in the C-band remains challenging to date. Herein, coaxial stacking VS2 nanosheets (CSVNs) were customized via a facile one-step hydrothermal route for the first time and their microwave absorption (MA) properties were systematically investigated. The complex permittivity and conductivity of CSVNs could be tuned by regulating the hydrothermal reduction temperature. When the reaction temperature was 190 °C, the VS2 nanosheets exhibited unique dual-band absorption characteristics in the C-band and Ku-band. A minimum reflection loss value of −57 dB and an average absorption intensity exceeding 15 dB in both the C (4–8 GHz) and Ku (12–18 GHz) bands were obtained. For the optimized CSVNs, the qualified bandwidth with reflection loss less than −10 dB reached up to 7 GHz, which almost covered the whole measured range of the C- and Ku-bands. Notably, this desirable microwave absorption performance, which probably results from the good conductivity of the 1T-phase CSVNs in the 2H phase, the well-matched impedance and the multiple reflections induced by their distinctive stacking structure, demonstrates that CSVNs are potential outstanding absorbers. More importantly, this study provides an effective strategy to tune the microwave performance of CSVNs by tailoring their structures.

The BET bromodomain containing protein (BRD4) plays a key role in transcription regulation. Therefore, efforts to generate BRD4 inhibitors with excellent potency and DMPK properties are of clinical value. As a continuing work to improve the stability in in vitro metabolic experiments of liver microsomes of our previously reported 7-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one, our optimization of this poor pharmacokinetics focusing on the phenyl substituent is performed. Fortunately, compound 17 displayed subnanomolar potency (IC50 = 30 nM) against BRD4(1), and its liver microsome stability in human, rat, and mouse are more favorable than previously reported inhibitor 28. Compound 17 exhibited antitumor efficacy with no significant toxicity in xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. In addition, fluorescent probe and nuclei-specific dye were utilized to verify apoptosis-inducing of compound 17 via intranuclear potency in BXPC-3 cell line.

Herein, we report a special pulse potential method to increase methanol production and keep the CuxO/TiO2 nanotube array (TNT) catalyst active during photoelectrocatalysis reduction of CO2. The CuO/TNT catalyst was prepared via electrodeposition of copper on anodized titanium oxide followed by heat treatment. The variation of valence of copper in the photoelectrocatalytic reduction process was studied intensively by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, XPS, and AES characterizations. Results show that the photocatalytically active CuO is apt to be reduced to elementary Cu during photoelectrocatalysis process, leading to rapid decay of photocatalytic activity. While for the case of pulse potential regime, another photocatalytically active oxide, Cu2O, will be produced on the surface during anodic pulse, which can effectively maintain the photocatalytic activity of catalyst. CV study indicates that the oxidation of Cu is prior to the oxidation of methanol, so the methanol oxidation hardly ever happens during anodic pulse stage. The catalyst applied in pulse potential regime provided a much larger photocurrent than that in constant potential regime over an extended period of time. As a result, the yield of methanol produced in optimized pulse potential condition is greatly increased, nearly twice that in constant potential regime.

Poisoning devitalization of Pt catalyst caused by the absorption of carbon monoxide is an important issue in direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). To solve this problem, this work introduced a novel nano-structured Pt catalytic electrode, in which RuO2 modified TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2-NTs) was used as a carrier for the load of Pt nanocatalysts. Specifically, RuCl3 sol was filled into the voids of TiO2-NTs under vacuum condition, followed by thermal decomposition to form RuO2/TiO2-NTs support, and then Pt particles were loaded on the RuO2/TiO2-NTs support by pulse potential electrodeposition from H2PtCl6 aqueous solution. The electrochemical results show that the methanol oxidation current on Pt/RuO2/TiO2-NTs is much higher than that on Pt/TiO2-NTs. In addition, the current attenuation on Pt/RuO2/TiO2-NTs with the increased scan cycle is also decreased. The Pt/RuO2/TiO2-NTs electrode with 8 g m−2 RuO2 exhibits the most stable performance, indicating a strong effects of anti CO poisoning endowed by RuO2. In Nyquist diagrams, one capacitance arc representing the action of deprivation of H atom appears in the first quadrant and one inductance arc representing the action of deprivation of CO appears in the fourth quadrant. From the fitting results, both the reaction resistance Rct and the inductance L decrease with the argument of RuO2 content under bias potential of 600 mV, and in this case CO oxidation is the rate controlling step.

Based on Y-00 protocol, the Quantum Noise Stream Cipher (QNSC) directly encrypts the data by employing inherent quantum noise, and thus can provide physical layer security in optical fiber communication systems. With increase of bit position of ciphertext, the effect of noise on the higher bit positions of ciphertext decreases. In order to improve the effect of noise on the higher bit positions of ciphertext to protect the plaintext, XOR operation has to be used in QNSC. However, in multi-bit data QNSC system, multi-bit data has to perform XOR operation with additional seed key to protect the multi-bit data. With increase of bit number of plaintext, many additional seed keys have to be used to perform XOR operation. Thus, it is necessary to design a new mapping method without the additional seed key to protect the multi-bit data. In this paper, we propose a multi-bit data mapping method based on constellation rotation (CR) to expand the impact of noise on the higher bit positions of ciphertext to protect data. Without using additional seed key, CR-based QNSC fully expands the random impacts of noise on the multi-bit plaintext and further enhances the security of multi-bit plaintext in QNSC scheme. The CR-based multi-bit mapping method rotates the constellation diagram of plaintext by an angle to code the plaintext alternatively in constellation diagram. Based on IM/DD-OFDM, we conduct QAM/QNSC and PSK/QNSC simulation to test the performance of CR-based multi-bit mapping in optical back-to-back with ASE noise. At the same time, we compare the XOR-based BPSK/QNSC with CR-based BPSK/QNSC in different intensity noises. Results show that the bit error rate of multi-bit plaintext in different bit positions is close to 0.5 for multi-bit plaintext of PSK/QNSC and QAM/QNSC by using CR-based mapping. Thus, the effect of noise on the higher bit positions of plaintext is improved. Eve cannot obtain any information about plaintext. By comparing XOR-based BPSK/QNSC and CR-based BPSK/QNSC in one-bit system, we find that the bit error rate is close to 0.5 in both schemes. The advantage of CR-based QNSC is able to encrypt multi-bit plaintext without extra seed key and hardly affect the transmission performance of the legitimate receiver Bob.

B2-structured Fe-20.5Al-18Cr (wt.%) intermetallic filter material developed for high-temperature coal-gas purification was fabricated by reactive synthesis using blended Fe/Al/Cr powders. This method addresses the problems presented in the manufacture of porous Fe-Al-Cr materials with high content of Al, making the production more convenient, flexible and controllable. The exothermic effect, volume swelling, pore formation and diffusion reactions during the reactive synthesis of porous Fe-20.5Al-18Cr were investigated systematically. A comparative study with porous Fe20Cr7Al material produced from prealloyed powders was carried out synchronously. The results show that during sintering the Fe-20.5Al-18Cr compact presents limited exothermic behavior and obvious volume expansion, and that the abundant pores and compositional homogenization can be obtained through the interactions of Fe/Al/Cr powders after final sintering. As compared with sintered Fe20Cr7Al porous material, porous Fe-20.5Al-18Cr possesses bigger permeability constants and lower oxidation and sulfidation rates. Pilot-scale filtration tests reveal that Fe-20.5Al-18Cr filter material can robustly serve in the corrosive H2S-contained and alkali-metals-oxides-loaded high-temperature coal gas during a period of 1000 h.

Quantum Noise Stream Cipher (QNSC) is a physical layer encryption scheme to increase the security of fiber optics transmission. With the same launch power, the higher encryption constellation adopted, the higher security achieved. However, higher constellation modulations are limited by the bit resolution of DAC at transmitters, especially for the commercial transmission system adopting QPSK or 16QAM only. In the paper, we investigate the effect of bit-resolution limited DAC in QNSC system. We conduct simulation analysis in two scenarios. First, in an optical back-to-back condition with high OSNR, a QNSC system is influenced by quantization noise of DAC. Second, in an optical back-to-back condition with low OSNR, a QNSC system is affected by quantized noise of DAC and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of amplifier. Simulation results show that, the same as ASE noise, quantized noise can also mask the signal to ensure the security of QNSC system. Eve can eavesdrop just after transmitter to avoid interference of ASE noise, but cannot avoid the impact of quantization noise of DAC. The quantization noise introduced by low resolution DAC can still increase the difficulty of eavesdropping. Moreover, as long as the total noise remains unchanged, the transmission performance for Bob will not be affected

A mechanism study on MoO2 electrodeposition from ammonium molybdate solution was presented via linear sweep voltammetry, species distribution diagram, Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffractometry. The results show that there exist two reducible species in ammonium molybdate aqueous solution, i.e. M o 7 O 24 6 - and molybdenum ammonium complex. In weak acid medium without NH 4 + , an obvious reduction peak denoting the reduction of M o 7 O 24 6 - to molybdenum(IV) oxides emerges at around −0.7 V (vs SCE). While in neutral and basic solutions without NH 4 + , the dominant species changes to MoO 4 2 - , and accordingly, no reduction peak appears except hydrogen evolution. NH 4 + plays an important role in MoO2 electrodeposition. A new current peak appears at −1.25 V (vs SCE) in both acid and basic solutions, which is attributed to the reduction of molybdenum complex. The effects of solution composition and the electrodeposition conditions on the current efficiency were discussed systematically. By optimizing the electrodeposition conditions, the current efficiency can reach up to 51.9%.

Palladium (Pd) has been acknowledged to be a rare inner transition metal, which plays a pivotal role in many fields. This article focuses on developing a safe and effective near-infrared fluorescent probe, MW-PD, which would make a great contribution to the detection of palladium residue in drugs, especially trace residues. The fluorescent probe was rationally designed by combining the dicyanoisophorone fluorophore with an allyloxycarbonyl group. Based on the Tsuji-Trost reaction, the probe exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward Pd (0) over other common metal ions with a low detection limit (8.0 nM). Moreover, MW-PD showed biocompatibility and was successfully applied to imaging Pd (0) in Hela cells.

Excessive phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a major role in the dysregulation of mRNA translation and the activation of tumor cell signaling. eIF4E is exclusively phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1/2) on Ser209. So, MNK1/2 inhibitors could decrease the level of p-eIF4E and regulate tumor-associated signaling pathways. A series of pyridone–aminal derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as MNK1/2 inhibitors. Several compounds exhibited great inhibitory activity against MNK1/2 and selected compounds showed moderate to excellent anti-proliferative potency against hematologic cancer cell lines. In particular, compound 42i (MNK1 IC50 = 7.0 nM; MNK2 IC50 = 6.1 nM) proved to be the most potent compound against TMD-8 cell line with IC50 value of 0.91 μM. Furthermore, 42i could block the phosphorylation level of eIF4E in CT-26 cell line, and 42i inhibited the tumor growth of CT-26 allograft model significantly. These results indicated that compound 42i was a promising MNK1/2 inhibitor for the potent treatment of colon cancer.

The submicro-sized crystalline antimonic acids (C-SbA) with a transitional pyrochlore-type structure were synthesized through a facile thermolysis method and used as a precipitator for efficient removal of bismuth (Bi) ions from strong acid aqueous solution. The compositions, phases, morphologies and dissolution behaviors of C-SbA materials after thermolysis at different temperatures were analyzed and the effects of temperature, initial concentration, and competing ions on the interaction behaviors between C-SbA and Bi(III) were also investigated. The results show that the water-insoluble C-SbA become considerably dissolvable after heating at ∼350 °C due to the introduction of the mixed valence-state (III, V) and plenty of atomic vacancies. The Bi(III) removal capacity is as large as 250 mg g−1 by the C-SbA powders heated at 350 °C in a 2.0 g L−1 of Bi(III) and 2.0 mol L−1 of H2SO4 solution at 60 °C and the removal efficiency of Bi(III) is over 99%. The removal kinetics can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It is found that Bi(III) ions are removed via the co-precipitation reaction between Bi(III) and Sb(V) and the formed bismuth antimonate (Bi3SbO7) nanocrystals are readily recovered together with C-SbA powders because they are inclined to nucleate on the surface of C-SbA particles. This study shows the promising prospect for the application of modified C-SbA in eliminating the group V elements in the copper electrolytes.

With the rise of immuno-oncology, small-molecule modulators targeting immune system and inflammatory processes are becoming a research hotspot. This work mainly focuses on key kinases acting as central nodes in immune signaling pathways. Although over thirty small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved by FDA for the treatment of various cancers, only a few are associated with immuno-oncology. With the going deep of the research work, more and more immunity protein kinase inhibitors are approved for clinical trials to treat solid tumors and hematologic malignancies by FDA, which remain good prospects. Meanwhile, in-depth understanding of biological function of immunity protein kinases in immune system is pushing the field forward. This article focuses on the development of safe and effective small-molecule immunity protein kinase inhibitors and further work needs to keep the promises of these inhibitors for patients' welfare.

Inhibition of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction by small-molecule inhibitors is emerging cancer immunotherapy. A series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their activities in vitro and vivo to find potent inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Among them, compound Ⅱ-14 exhibited outstanding biochemical activity, with an IC50 of 0.0380 μM. Importantly, compound II-14, with a TGI value of 35.74 %, had more potent efficacy in a mouse tumor model compared to that in the control group. Surprisingly, when compound II-14 combined with 5-FU in a mouse tumor model having a TGI value of 64.59 %, which showed potential anti-tumor synergistic effects. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that compound II-14 activated the immune microenvironment by promoting the infiltration of CD4+ T cells into tumor tissues. These results indicate that compound II-14 is a promising lead compound for further development of small-molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Internal tandem duplications of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) occur in approximately 25% of all acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and confer a poor prognosis. Optimization of the screening hit 1 from our in-house compound library led to the discovery of a series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective FLT3-ITD inhibitors. Compounds 17 and 19 displayed potent FLT3-ITD activities both with IC50 values of 0.4 nM and excellent antiproliferative activities against AML cell lines. Especially, compounds 17 and 19 inhibited the quizartinib resistance- conferring mutations, FLT3D835Y, both with IC50 values of 0.3 nM. Moreover, western blot analysis indicated that compounds 17 and 19 potently inhibited the phosphorylation of FLT3 and attenuated downstream signaling in AML cells. These results indicated that pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives could be promising FLT3-ITD inhibitors for the treatment AML.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are located at the meeting-point of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which can phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) at the conserved serine 209 exclusively. MNKs modulate the translation of mRNA involved in tumor-associated signaling pathways. Consequently, selective inhibitors of MNK1/2 could reduce the level of phosphorylated eIF4E. Series of imidazopyrazines, imidazopyridazines and imidazopyridines derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as MNK1/2 inhibitors. Several compounds exhibited great inhibitory activity against MNK1/2 and selected compounds showed moderate to excellent anti-proliferative potency against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines. In particular, compound II-5 (MNK1 IC50 = 2.3 nM; MNK2 IC50 = 3.4 nM) exhibited excellent enzymatic inhibitory potency and proved to be the most potent compound against TMD-8 and DOHH-2 cell lines with IC50 value of 0.3896 μM and 0.4092 μM respectively. These results demonstrated that compound II-5 could be considered as a potential MNK1/2 inhibitor for further investigation.

Arsenic-bearing wastes from copper smelting system are usually disposed by trapping them in slag tailing. However, arsenic in slag tailing is not that stable, which can infiltrate into the groundwater, threatening the environment and human health. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) of arsenic is the only way to deal with arsenic contamination. The flash smelting method shows relatively high S/S ability of arsenic, but the process and mechanism remain unclear. In this paper, we aim at revealing the effect of atmosphere on the S/S process of arsenic owing to the different content of oxygen in reaction shaft and sedimentation tank in copper smelting system. Calcium arsenate, SiO2, Fe2O3 and iron powders were sintered at different temperature in air and argon to simulate the S/S reaction. The results show that the sintering product is Fe-Si oxide in air and fayalite in argon, and the fayalite possesses better capacity to solidify arsenic than that of Fe-Si oxide. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) results reveal that the leached concentration of arsenic from fayalite fabricated at 1200 ℃ is only 2.916 mg L-1, which satisfies the identification standard for hazardous substances in China. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation reveals that AsO4 and SiO4 tetrahedrons can be connected by O atoms when sintered in argon, and the Si-O-As covalent bond can evidently inhibit the release of As atom from fayalite. This work can not only clarify the S/S mechanism of arsenic in flash smelting process, but also provide theoretical guidances to dispose arsenic-bearing waste harmlessly.

CuO supported catalyst with high valence rhenium doping were specially studied for photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO

Arsenic sulfide sludge (ASS) is a kind of deleterious waste which contains various valuable metallic elements, such as Re and Pb, which are always associated with arsenic-bearing phases in ASS. The leaching speed and efficiency of valuable elements may depend on the phase constitution. Here, we proposed a sequential leaching method to thoroughly understand the constitution of arsenic-bearing phase and the distribution of valuable elements in ASS. The results show that five major arsenic-bearing phases exist in ASS: amorphous As2S3, crystalline As4S4, As2O3, and As atoms dissolved into the lattice of PbS and PbSO4 phases. Re is mainly distributed in As2S3 and As4S4 phases. During the leaching process, the dissolution of As2O3 particles and As2O3 layers on the surface of As2S3/As4S4 particles occurs first. Then, the reaction between As2S3/As4S4 particles and copper sulfate happens. The order of leaching sequence is As2O3, amorphous As2S3 and crystalline As4S4. The majority of Re element exists in the solution while almost all Pb element remains in the solid residues, which is beneficial for the separation and purification valuable elements individually. This work not only detailed determines the arsenic-bearing species, but also provides significant theoretical bases for extracting valuable elements from ASS.

Nowadays, both the ferrite phase and B2-structured intermetallic in the Fe-Cr-Al alloy system are developed as porous materials, which have been further applied as high-temperature filter materials in industry. This work presents a comparative study of the mechanical properties of porous Fe20Cr5Al, Fe10Cr10Al and Fe10Cr20Al aged at 480 °C for 500 h. The changes in tensile strength, elongation and hardness were determined, and the microstructure changes as well as slight oxidation states of the aged samples were investigated. The results show that the precipitated Cr-rich phase in porous Fe20Cr5Al can increase the hardness and decrease the ductility, while intergranular oxidation can degrade the mechanical performance of the three porous Fe-Cr-Al materials. It is noted that porous Fe10Cr20Al exhibits relatively superior mechanical stability during long-term aging. Meanwhile, by introducing boron, the mechanical performance of the aged porous Fe-Cr-Al alloys can be stabilized since the possible internal oxidation of the exposed grain boundaries is inhibited.

We proposed a key distribution scheme based on uneven PSK modulation by using phase noise. Simulation results show that with the proposed scheme, the original key consistency rate can reach above 99%.

[Image: see text] Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a promising therapeutic target for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma driven by MYD88 L265P mutant, acting both as a kinase and a scaffolding protein for downstream signaling molecules. While previous efforts to modulate IRAK4 activity with kinase inhibitors alone displayed moderate efficacy, protein degradation may offer a solution to blocking both IRAK4 kinase activity and scaffolding capabilities. To this end, the potent IRAK4 degrader 9 was discovered, and it effectively inhibited the activation of downstream NF-κB signaling and outperformed the parent compound 1. In addition, compound 9 displayed a substantial advantage in reduction of the viability of OCI-LY10 and TMD8 cells over the parent compound 1. These results underline the potential that eliminating both the kinase and scaffolding functions of IRAK4 may result in superior and broader efficacy than inhibiting the kinase activity alone.

Bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4) has been demonstrated to play critical roles in cellular proliferation and cell cycle progression. In this study, using the BRD4 inhibitor Fragment 9 as a lead compound, a series of imidazolopyridone derivatives were designed and tested for their inhibitory activity against BRD4 protein in vitro. Among them, HB100-A7 showed excellent BRD4(1) inhibitory activities with an IC50 value of 0.035 μM in amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (Alphascreen). The result of MTT assay showed that HB100-A7 could suppress the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, flow cytometry further illustrated that HB100-A7 treatment resulted in G0/G1 phase arrest and promoted apoptosis of BxPc3 cells. Furthermore, the in vivo study found that HB100-A7 displayed significant tumor growth inhibition in a pancreatic mouse tumor model (Panc-02). Moreover, IHC staining suggested that HB100-A7 induce cell apoptosis in pancreatic cancer tumor tissue. Together, this study revealed, for the first time, HB100-A7 is a promising lead compound for further development as a new generation of small molecule inhibitors targeting the BRD4 protein.

Organic porous materials-TiO2/Cu composite (OPMTC) were readily fabricated through two steps, which included the formation of organic porous materials (OPM) and the in-situ synthesis of TiO2/Cu composite (TiO2/Cu) in the pore of OPM. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation behaviors of the photocatalysts toward organic pollutants were also investigated under simulated and nature sunlight, respectively. Finding showed that OPMTC allowed methyl orange, phenol, and methylene blue to be decomposed under simulated sunlight by the rate of 91.6%, 98.6%, and 100%, even to degraded DMF with a rate of 74% that revealed excellent photocatalytic degradation properties toward organic pollutants. Interestingly, OPMTC still kept the photocatalytic degradation ability after 6 time reuse. These results indicated the potential applications of OPMTC in the treatment of wastewater. Besides, the measurements of free radical intensities including superoxide free radical (O2·), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radical (·OH) of photocatalysts attributed to understanding the mechanism. The tested finding indicated that metallic copper doped TiO2 are beneficial to produce more free radicals thereby increasing photocatalytic degradation performances TiO2/Cu. OPMTC also had absorption ability measuring by BET that increased the contract area between photocatalyst and organic pollutants, thus, combining the two advantages thereby resulting in improving photocatalytic degradation properties.

Mutations to RAS proteins (H-, N-, and K-RAS) are amongst the most common oncogenic drivers and tumors harboring these lesions are some of the most difficult to treat. Although the recently discovered covalent small molecules against the KRASG12C mutant have shown promising efficacy against lung cancers, traditional barriers remain for drugging the more prevalent KRASG12D and KRASG12V mutants. Targeted degradation has emerged as an attractive alternative approach but for KRAS, identification of the required high-affinity ligands continues to be a challenge. Another significant hurdle is the discovery of a hybrid molecule that appends an E3 ligase-recruiting moiety in a manner that satisfies the precise geometries required for productive polyubiquitin transfer while maintaining favorable drug-like properties. As a tool to gain insights into the advantages and feasibility of KRAS targeted-degradation, we applied the bioPROTAC approach. This workflow centers on the intracellular expression of a chimeric protein consisting of a high-affinity target-binding domain fused to an engineered E3 ligase adapter. We generated a series of anti-RAS bioPROTACs that span different RAS isoform/nucleotide-state specificities and leverage different E3 ligases. Overall, our results provide definitive evidence for the degradability of RAS proteins. We further elucidate the functional consequences of RAS degradation, the susceptibility and degradation kinetics of various mutant KRAS, and the prevalence of different nucleotide-states in WT and mutant KRAS. Finally, if delivery challenges can be addressed, anti-RAS bioPROTACs will be exciting candidates for clinical development.

Co3O4 modified TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2-NTs) were successfully fabricated by electrodeposition and thermal oxidation process. The prepared samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photoelectrocatalytic properties of as-prepared samples were investigated under visible light and UV-vis light irradiation. Meanwhile, taking methyl orange aqueous solution as target substrate for photoelectrocatalytic degradation experiments, the degradation rate under UV-vis light irradiation and dark condition were evaluated. The prepared Co3O4/TiO2-NTs exhibited much higher photoelectrochemical activity than TiO2-NTs under visible light irradiation and UV-vis light irradiation. The degradation rate of methyl orange on Co3O4/TiO2-NTs electrode reaches 90.7% under applied potential of 1.3 V and UV-vis light irradiation for 10 h, which is only 53.4% on TiO2-NTs electrode. The improved performance could be attributed to the higher photo-generated carrier concentration and carrier mobility.

A novel Si-Al composite coating was prepared on γ-TiAl alloy by a two-step method. Firstly, an aluminizing coating was fabricated on γ-TiAl alloy via pack cementation technique. Then a SiO2 coating was prepared on this aluminizing coating via cathodic electrodeposition. The high temperature oxidation resistance of this composite coating was evaluated under 1000 °C. During the oxidation process, this Si-Al composite coating can react with TiAl and prevent the inward diffusion of oxygen from air to the film/alloy interface, resulting in the remarkable decreased oxidation rate of the alloy.

This paper describe a long-haul stealth communication based on different state bases unidirectional loopback (DSBUL) in optical fiber link. In order to prevent the optical signal in the optical fiber from being directly detected by the eavesdropping, our scheme combine the quantum noise stream cipher with a novel signal expension technology. We demonstrate digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm steps of transmitter and receiver in detail and experimentally implement a long-haul stealth communication based on DSBUL system, which can be compatible with existing coherent optical communication systems without changing any hardware structure. The stealth transmission distance (L) is 300 kilometers with free bit error rate. And transmission rate is over 550 kbps. In additional, we evaluate the security of this scheme with capability against various tapping attacks.

With the continuous advances in detection and early-warning technologies, stealth technologies have widely integrated in modern combat systems and armament research. The development of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials is important for electromagnetic stealth and shielding applications. Herein, biomass-derived carbon (BDC) from glucose is coated on the surface of folded and stacked WS2 nanosheets, forming WS2@BDC via a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing carbonization. The amount of the BDC coating on the WS2 nanosheets is effectively controlled by the glucose solution concentration, and the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance in the low-frequency bands can be adjusted by the regulation of annealing temperature. The effective absorption band of WS2@BDC is shifted to a lower frequency region and the absorption performance is substantially enhanced, compared to those of pure WS2 nanosheets. The minimum reflection loss of WS2@BDC corresponding to 14 mL of glucose and a carbonization temperature of 800 °C can reach up to −51.40 dB at 5.52 GHz. The study provides a novel and facile method for improving the EMW absorption performance of WS2 in the low-frequency bands.

Factor Xa (fXa) is a crucial player in various thromboembolic disorders. Inhibition of fXa can provide safe and effective antithrombotic effects. In this study, a series of anthranilamide compounds were designed by utilizing structure-based design strategies. Optimization at P1 and P4 groups led to the discovery of compound 16g: a highly potent, selective fXa inhibitor with pronounced in vitro anticoagulant activity. Moreover, 16g also displayed excellent in vivo antithrombotic activity in the rat venous thrombosis (VT) and arteriovenous shunt (AV-SHUNT) models. The bleeding risk evaluation showed that 16g had a safer profile than that of betrixaban at 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg dose. Additionally, 16g also exhibited satisfactory PK profiles. Eventually, 16g was selected to investigate its effect on hypoxia-reoxygenation- induced H9C2 cell viability. MTT results showed that H9C2 cell viability can be remarkably alleviated by 16g.

Copper-mediated 11C-cyanation reactions have enabled the synthesis of PET radiotracers from a range of readily available precursors and avoid the need to use more toxic Pd catalysts. In this work we adapt our recently developed 11C-cyanation of arylpinacolboronate (BPin) esters for the cGMP synthesis of [11C]LY2795050, a selective antagonist radiotracer for the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). [11C]LY2795050 was synthesized in 6 ± 1% noncorrected radiochemical yield (based on [11C]HCN, n = 3) using an automated synthesis module. Quality control testing confirmed the suitability of doses for preclinical and clinical PET imaging (radiochemical purity >99%; specific activity >900 mCi/μmol; residual Cu < 0.1 μg/mL). PET imaging was conducted in rodent and nonhuman primates, showing good brain uptake of [11C]LY2795050 and the expected distribution of KOR. Analogous imaging with [11C]carfentanil (a selective mu opioid receptor (MOR) radiotracer) revealed the anticipated regional differences in MOR and KOR distribution in the primate brain.

High-purity porous Ti3SiC2 with a porosity of 54.3% was prepared by reactive synthesis and its oxidation behavior was evaluated under air in the temperature range from 400 to 1000 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometometry (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Raman spectrum, BET surface area analysis, and pore-parameter testing were applied to the studies of the oxidation kinetics, phase composition, micro morphology, and porous structure parameters of porous Ti3SiC2 before and after oxidation. The results showed that the formation of TiO2 oxidized products with different modifications was the primary factor influencing the oxidation resistance and structural stability of porous Ti3SiC2. Cracks were observed in the samples oxidized in the full temperature range of 400-1000 °C because of the growth stress and thermal stress. At 400-600 °C, anomalous oxidation with higher kinetics and the aberrant decrement in pore size and permeability were attributed to the occurrence of severe cracking caused by the formation of anatase TiO2. At raised temperatures over 600 °C, the cracking phenomena were alleviated by the formation of rutile TiO2, but the outward growth of the oxide scales detrimentally decreased the connectivity of porous Ti3SiC2.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-determining step in de novo lipogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, ACC inhibition offers a promising option for intervention in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cancer. In this paper, a series of spiropentacylamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ACC1/2 inhibitory activities and anti-proliferation effects on A549, H1975, HCT116, SW620 and Caco-2 cell lines in vitro. Compound 6o displayed potent ACC1/2 inhibitory activity (ACC1 IC50 = 0.527 μM, ACC2 IC50 = 0.397 μM) and the most potent anti-proliferation activities against A549, H1975, HCT116, SW620 and Caco-2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.92 μM, 0.38 μM, 1.22 μM, 2.05 μM and 5.42 μM respectively. Further molecular docking studies revealed that compound 6o maintained hydrogen bonds between the two carbonyls and protein backbone NHs (Glu-B2026 and Gly-B1958). These results indicate that compound 6o is a promising ACC1/2 inhibitor for the potent treatment of cancer.