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Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: The study aims to provide insight into the type of music being offered in Dutch nursing homes to patients with both dementia and verbal and vocal agitation. It also investigates the degree to which the music offered corresponds to the musical preferences of the nursing home residents. METHOD: Using random sampling, 20 nursing homes were selected to participate in this study. Within these homes, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nursing home physicians (n = 17) and other nursing home care providers (n = 20). Each interview focused on up to three psychogeriatric residents with verbal and vocal agitation. In total, 51 residents were discussed in the interviews. RESULTS: For each resident, the frequency of music, the type of music being offered, and the degree of correspondence between the music being offered and the resident's preferences varied. In almost all cases, music was being offered in the communal living room during the mid-morning coffee and the afternoon tea, while music was only infrequently offered to residents during meals. However, this music was not tailored to the preferences of the residents. During patient-centered care activities in the early morning and before sleep, when offered, the music was generally tailored to the preferences of the resident(s). CONCLUSION: Music is frequently played in nursing homes to patients with dementia who have verbal and vocal agitation. When offered to a group of residents, the music tends not to be tailored to the preferences of the residents. However, when offered individually, musical preferences are generally taken into account.

Using data from the first wave of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS) for 1,451 men aged 40–59 we examine the impact of permanent childlessness. We extend on previous work by focusing on partnership history as a possible explanation for differences between childless men and fathers. Our results show that the impact of childlessness is weaker than we had expected. Many initial differences between childless men and fathers are attributable to differences in their partnership history. Nevertheless, childless men differ from resident fathers regarding their community involvement, their level of income and their satisfaction with life. Childless men differ from nonresident fathers with respect to their income and work hours. Theoretical and societal implications of our findings are discussed.

Contains fulltext : 76993.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) In this article, the effects of non-employment in early work-life on subsequent employment chances of individuals in the Netherlands are examined. A main concern is whether the experience of non-employment in the beginning of the career (permanently) damages a workers later employment opportunities (that is, the likelihood of exit out of and re-entry into employment). The empirical analysis is based on five retrospective life-history surveys collected in the Netherlands in the period 19922003, with full information on employment histories of individuals. The analytic sample consists of 7,761 respondents, who left education since the 1950s. The results of the empirical analysis first of all show that the duration of non-employment in the first 3 years after leaving education (and not the number of non-employment spells in that period) increases the likelihood of exiting employment in the subsequent time period (up until 15 years after leaving education). This finding holds for both men and women. Second, a negative duration effect of non-employment on the likelihood of re-entering employment after a job loss is found, but for men only. These results imply that non-employment in early work-life indeed has a scarring effect on subsequent employment chances of individuals in the Dutch labour market. 14 p.

This paper reports a study on the effectivity and efficiency of trial trenching strategies for site discovery within the context of Dutch archaeological heritage management. It discusses the principles of site discovery by means of trial trenching, and suggests the optimal strategies for trial trenching survey, based on the results of simulations. Effective and efficient strategies for discovering different groups of archaeological sites are given, according to their presumed size, shape and feature density. The recommended strategies will be included in the Quality Norm for Dutch archaeology. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies started in The Netherlands on 1 January 2007. The method of choice, high-performance liquid chromatography, and the universal setting have shown that the predicted incidence is indeed present in the country. Patients and carriers are reported in order to prevent morbidity, and for the primary prevention of serious haemoglobinopathies. Background, preceding discussion, health gain, implementation, provisional results and ethics issues are discussed, as well as matters concerning technology, know-how, and ongoing and future developments.

We studied twinning and fertility indices in mothers with spontaneous monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins and in mothers who conceived their twins after the use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART). Participants in this study consisted of 8,222 and 5,505 women with spontaneous DZ and MZ offspring and 4,164 and 250 women with ART DZ and MZ twin pairs, respectively. Women were compared with respect to the number of sibs and offspring, the presence of other relatives with twins and the time it took to conceive the twins. We also compared familial twinning between a younger and an older age group. Women with spontaneous DZ twins more often reported female relatives with twins than those with spontaneous MZ twins. The proportion of DZ versus MZ twin offspring in relatives was also larger in women with spontaneous DZ offspring than in women with MZ offspring. The first group of women reported a shorter time to conceive. Women with ART twins had fewer sibs and offspring and less often reported relatives with twins. We did not observe that DZ twinning was more familial in women who had their twins before age 36 years compared to older women. Familial DZ twinning is clearly present in mothers of spontaneous DZ twins. The mechanisms underlying spontaneous and non-spontaneous DZ twinning are different and fertility treatment should be taken into account in any study of twinning. Twinning is not more familial in women who have their twins at a younger age. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

In an attempt to make our own set of DP typing reagents, we used lymphocytes from 12 unrelated donors, who were all HLA-A1,2; B7,8; DR2,3; DQW1,2. They all had been previously typed for DP using a reference set of well established reagents obtained from Dr. S. Shaw (NIH, Bethesda). Thirty-six promising re-sponder-stimulator combinations were primed in bulk MLC and tested for their specificity in secondary MLC. All reagents gave reaction patterns which were concordant with the sensitizing DP types, with the exception of those combinations where a donor was used in which DR2 appeared to be associated with a non-DW2 HLA-D type. Over 1,200 reactions obtained with the new reagents were compared with those obtained with the established ones, in six different experiments. High correlation coefficients (r values) were found between the two kinds of reagents. The typings of a panel of individuals with the reference set and with our new typing set revealed an excellent agreement for DP assignments with the two sets, with the exception of the specificity DP4. The DP gene frequencies for random Dutch Cau-casoids were defined.

This paper deals with Dutch flint axe depositions associated with the Middle Neolithic Funnelbeaker Culture (Trichterbecher Kultur – TRB). Large flint axes were acquired as finished products from southern Scandinavia and were deposited in specific, waterlogged places in the landscape. The application of new empirical research techniques has revealed unexpected patterns of use and treatment of these axes. Moreover, contextual analysis shows significant differences in terms of size and wear patterns compared with axes retrieved from megalithic tombs. The evidence strongly suggests that the observed differences may have been linked to completely different use-lives between the two classes of axes. Drawing on ethnographic analogy, it will be argued that the large flint axes deposited in natural places in the landscape became animated with special powers through the act of production. Given the highly ritualized treatment that accompanied their exchange, they must have played an important role in TRB cosmology.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Im Laufe des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts festigten die niederländischen Mennoniten ihre Gruppenidentität. Gleichzeitig gelang es ihnen, sich einen Ruf als gehorsame Untertanen der Republik zu erwerben. Diesen nutzten sie als „politisches Kapital“, um die führenden Politiker der Provinzen und der Republik dazu zu bewegen, sich für verfolgte Täufer in anderen europäischen Ländern einzusetzen.

Using data from 188 female full professors from all 14 Dutch universities this study examines whether skewed sex ratios in the environment and the absence of a women-friendly environment are related to their career path experiences and to their perception of the general ease of women’s obtaining a professorship. Results from multi-level analyses show a positive relationship between the perception of women-friendly environment and both the experience of their own career path, and the perceived ease with which other women could become a full professor. Moreover results show that the higher the percentage of women professors in the academic field the stronger the relationship between perception of women friendliness and the experienced ease with which they became a full professor.

The principle of subsidiarity has a parallel in the Dutch Calvinist tradition of Abraham Kuyper. Seeking to create space for intermediate entities between the state and the individual, Kuyper developed the idea of “sphere-sovereignty” to express this. While the two principles are parallel, there are differences regarding the nature of each sphere, their interrelationships, and the role of the institutional church. Nevertheless, the combined strengths of these principles are instructive for those seeking to witness to Christian faith in all areas of contemporary, pluralistic societies.

In The Netherlands the boys' problem debate in education has expanded to daycare, concerning the children between 0 and 4 years of age. Women daycare workers are blamed by mainstream media for frustrating boys' need for physical activity and adventure. In 2004 we conducted a study, involving 96 daycare workers in 36 daycare centers in a Dutch city. We addressed the research question whether the stereotypical representation of women's daycare work in the media is an adequate picture of these professionals' perceptions of their work in daycare. Findings indicate that the stereotypical images of women daycare workers in the media-debates do not resemble the personal qualities and professional characteristics that these daycare workers ascribe to themselves.

Although the Netherlands played a major role in the revival of craniotomy in the late 19th century, modern neurosurgery made a late start there. Unlike the situation in other European countries, Dutch neurosurgery lacked a protagonist when, at the turn of the last century, craniotomy became less popular due to discouraging results. During two lecture tours in the US in the 1920s and 1930s, the influential Dutch neurologist Bernard Brouwer also visited the leading neurosurgical centers. He was deeply impressed by the high standards and results in the New World, and upon his return to Amsterdam, he decided to try to change the dismal state of Dutch neurosurgery. Funds were raised to send the general surgeon Ignaz Oljenick for training to Harvey Cushing, and close ties between Amsterdam and neuroscientists in the US remained. Several American neurosurgeons received part of their basic training in Amsterdam. A second Dutch surgeon, Ferdinand Verbeek, honed his neurosurgical skills under Dr. Walter Dandy. The strong American influence on the philosophy and everyday actions of Dutch neurosurgeons continues until this day.

Rotarix and RotaTeq are both prophylactic vaccines against rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis. In 2006, these vaccines obtained a European license and because RV infections are widespread among Dutch children inclusion of these vaccines in the Dutch National Immunization Program (NIP) should be considered. Using an evaluation model for introducing a new vaccine, we assessed the introduction of universal RV vaccination in the Netherlands. Although post-marketing surveillance will be essential, both RV vaccines have proven to be safe and effective. Furthermore, the vaccines will prevent most of the RV-related hospitalizations and deaths. However, for the Netherlands with the current vaccine prices, universal RV vaccination is not expected to be cost-effective.

This paper looks at the recent developments in the field of medical quality assurance in Belgium and the Netherlands. It takes the viewpoint that there is a strong relationship between regulation and quality assurance on the one hand and the health care environment on the other hand. The reasons for the differences between the two countries, which are conspicuous, will be explored.

British society has come to see itself as at risk from violent and antisocial behaviour from people with mental disorders. One manifestation of this is the DSPD programme for offenders with severe personality disorders, inspired by the Dutch TBS system. The TBS legislation was introduced to combat the frequent reoffending of “psychopaths”. The number of TBS hospital beds has increased rapidly, from 400 in 1975 to more than 1,600 in 2006. This is mainly due to the growing confidence of Dutch courts that the order protects the public and minimises recidivism. Five-year recidivism rates among discharged TBS patients have fallen from 52% in 1974 to 17% in 1998. In this article, we describe the main differences between the two systems in terms of philosophy, treatment programmes, outcomes and costs. The DSPD programme has deviated substantially from the TBS model in ways that may prevent it being as effective. It has not, in our opinion. properly implemented the patient responsibility, the rehabilitation focus...

Background Folic acid use in the periconceptional period reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, applying this knowledge in daily practice is not an easy task. We report here the current level of folic acid use in the Netherlands and discuss the figures within the framework of a national governmental campaign held in 1995 promoting the use of folic acid and the professional interventions undertaken since then.Methods We carried out six studies in the northern Netherlands during 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2005, respectively. The same methodology in the same health professionals' practices was followed in all studies. Pregnant women attending their first or second antenatal visit were asked to fill in a questionnaire aimed at assessing their awareness and use of folic acid.Results In 2005, most of the pregnant women used folic acid "at some time in their pregnancy", and 51% used it for the entire advised period. Prior knowledge on the protective affect of folic acid and on the period of use was strongly related to the level of education. The use of folic acid in a previous pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.6-9.9], the use of an oral contraceptive (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.1) and parity (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.5) significantly predicted the current correct use. The most recent figures revealed that there is still a large gap between more highly and less educated women in terms of taking folic acid in the advised period: 63 versus 31%, respectively.Discussion The aim of the Dutch Ministry of Health is to have 70% of Dutch women wanting to become pregnant use folic acid supplements in the advised period by 2010. While this level has almost been reached among more highly educated women (63%), it will take a great deal more effort, money and creativity to achieve the necessary increase from the current level of 31% among women with a lower educational background.

This study uses data on support and contact in 4,055 parent-child dyads drawn from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study to test explanations of reporting discrepancies, which focus on sources of bias and inaccurate reporting. Contrary to the generational stake hypothesis, parents’ reports are not characterized by a general positive bias. Consistent with notions of self-enhancement, parents and children overreport given help and underreport received help. Parents’ reports are susceptible to positive biases linked with strong feelings of family obligations. Limited evidence is found for an underreporting bias associated with dissatisfaction with support received from family. Positive reporting biases are observed in high-quality relationships. Consistent with expectations, results show greater reporting accuracy among better educated parents and children. Key Words: dyadic/couple data, intergenerational relations, measurement, nonresidential parents, social support, Western European families.

During the project Clean Urban Transport for Europe (CUTE), which ended in May 2006, 27 fuel cell buses were operated in nine European cities. In this paper key performance parameters from the oper ...

Temperatures of nine thermometer screens during a 6-year field experiment in De Bilt (the Netherlands) have been compared. The screens are currently in use throughout the world and comprise the following types: an aspirated Young screen, four naturally ventilated round-shaped multi-plate screens (KNMI, Vaisala, Young, Socrima), a slightly aspirated version of the KNMI screen, a synthetic Stevenson screen (both aspirated and naturally ventilated) and a naturally ventilated wooden Stevenson screen. The multi-plate KNMI screen served as a reference. For the daily minimum, maximum, and mean air temperatures (Tn, Tx, Tmean), the absolute seasonal mean differences with the reference were almost all ⩽0.1 °C. An exception is the aspirated Young screen for which differences in mean Tx in summer (JJA) are most notable and amount to − 0.43 °C. The differences of the individual Tn, Tx, Tmean values may be much larger than their seasonal averages. For the aspirated Young and the naturally ventilated Stevenson screens they are most notable, where the Young is generally cooler (Tx and Tmean) and the Stevensons warmer than the reference. The absolute temperature differences between the screens and the reference are shown to increase with decreasing cloud cover and windspeed. Furthermore, using the original 15-s samples it is shown that random variations cause fast-responding screens to have more extreme Tn, Tx values than slow-responding screens. For a supposed transition of the natural ventilated synthetic Stevenson screen to the reference screen, transfer functions are successfully developed for the 10-min temperature data and the daily Tn and Tx data. It is argued that the explained variance of the models could have further improved when high-accuracy (especially in the range 0–3 m/s) windspeed measurements were available (at screen level and position). Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society

ATG16L1 and IL23R Are Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases but Not With Celiac Disease in The Netherlands

In the post-secularization debates about the role of religion in contemporary European societies, social scientists and philosophers often build on (speculative) sociological theories as to whether the conditions of life in (high) modernity produce existential insecurities that give rise to a need for a particular kind of religiosity. This religiosity is seen as rooted in the only things that still seem to provide some basis for certainty: experience and the self. In this article the author argues that a focus on processes of signification reveals that both religious certainty and religious uncertainty can be a strong source for moral orientation in contemporary Limburg (in the Netherlands), but does not necessarily lead to a stronger emphasis on experience and the self. Fundamental to this argument is Jackson's insight into practices of signification as a ceaseless negotiation of the boundary between two domains: the domain considered to be susceptible to human control, and the domain outside human control. © 2008 Social Compass.

High and low volume sampling of paticulate matter at sites with different traffic profiles in the Netherlands and Germany: Results from the HEPMEAP study

In this analysis of formal and informal social participation in the Netherlands between 1975 and 2000, period, life-cycle and cohort effects are disentangled and the factors that could have driven these changes are examined. Use of diary data enables an assessment of four types of social participation: formal involvement in associations, maintenance of informal contacts within the home and outside the home, and distant social contacts. Our results indicate that several changes have been taking place. A large decrease (of approximately 3 hours per week between 1980 and 2000) is found in the time people spend on social activities within the home (consisting mainly of paying visits and receiving visitors). This trend is connected with increases in work and television watching. Other changes manifest themselves as cohort differences. While younger cohorts reflect considerably less activity in formal participation, they spend more time on informal social activities outside the home. Decreasing levels of religiosity play a role with respect to both trends.

During the nineteenth century book auction catalogues from the Southern Netherlands found their way all over Europe. Due to a series of historical events the local market for manuscripts and rare books came to be well known to foreign collectors. Ghent proved to be the most book-loving city in Belgium. A large majority of book auction catalogues originated there and were made available to the European public from Paris to St Petersburg and from London to Naples. This article illustrates the phenomenon in detail by reference to some facts and figures.

As part of a longitudinal cohort study, now in its second decade, we determined PCDDs/Fs dl-PCBs and PBDEs in serum of adolescents with known perinatal PCDD/F exposure. Of the original cohort, 33 adolescents aged 14-19 years, who had been studied previously during their neonatal (n=60), toddler and pre-pubertal period (n=41) agreed to participate in the current follow-up. PCDD/F-, dl-PCB- and PBDE congeners were measured using GC/MS. Current serum levels of PCDD/Fs determined in our cohort were relatively low (mean of 2.2 pg/g) compared to the perinatal exposure. No correlation between perinatal exposure and current serum PCDD/F was found. Planar PCB TEQ levels were 2.2 pg/g. Current summation operatorPBDE levels were 8.7 ng/g lipid. There was one outlier with a summation operatorPBDE of 74 ng/g lipid. The presence of this high value indicates that the exposure pathway is different from PCDD/F and PCB, most likely by dust and food contaminated with dust. Concluding we can say that current PCDD/F levels are quite low compared to the perinatal PCDD/F exposure of the cohort. PBDE levels however are relatively high compared to other European countries, more research on possible health effects of these levels, especially for subjects with outlier concentrations, should be performed.

Contains fulltext : 205900.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) This study investigates the role of the partner in career mobility in The Netherlands from the 1940s to the present. Mobility has been defined as upward and downward moves in occupational status. First, we hypothesize that having a partner restricts the labour market career of women, whereas it supports labour market advancement of men. Second, we formulate opposing hypotheses about the effect of partners’ resources; social capital notions predict positive partner effects, whereas economic theory predicts negative partner effects. Third, we propose trend hypotheses; the process of individualization makes us predict declines in partner effects, but the processes of cultural and economic modernization lead us to hypothesize a shift from negative to positive partner effects on female career mobility. We use event history analysis techniques covering the complete labour market careers of 5,068 respondents and their partners (Family Survey Dutch Population 1998–2003). We find no evidence for the idea that having a partner has an effect on career mobility of women, and we find a small positive effect on men's mobility. Labour market resources of the partner positively affect upward career moves, whereas they negatively affect downward career moves for both men and women. The data provide no evidence for historical developments in the influence of the partner on individual career mobility.

Using the example of the contacts between The Netherlands and the university theologian and educationalist from Heidelberg, F. H. C. Schwarz (1766-1837), this article demonstrates that intensive personal academic exchange existed already in the early 19th century: It included the reading of scientific literature in foreign languages, book reviews in special periodicals, translation projects, visits across borders, membership of academic societies, scholarships for foreign students and sometimes even offers of chairmanships to scientists of other nations. Even though international research projects were not known at the time, academic contacts did exist and were mostly achieved through correspondence – despite the limitations – as well as travel.

We compare 27 wheat models' yield responses to interannual climate variability, analyzed at locations in Argentina, Australia, India, and The Netherlands as part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Pilot. Each model simulated 1981-2010 grain yield, and we evaluate results against the interannual variability of growing season temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. The amount of information used for calibration has only a minor effect on most models' climate response, and even small multi-model ensembles prove beneficial. Wheat model clusters reveal common characteristics of yield response to climate; however models rarely share the same cluster at all four sites indicating substantial independence. Only a weak relationship (R2???0.24) was found between the models' sensitivities to interannual temperature variability and their response to long-term warming, suggesting that additional processes differentiate climate change impacts from observed climate variability analogs and motivating continuing analysis and model development efforts. Compares interannual climate response of 27 wheat models at four locations.Calculates the diminishing return of constructing multi-model ensembles for assessment.Identifies similarities and major differences of model responses.Differentiates between interannual temperature sensitivity and climate change response.

International audience; Soil mites (Acari) are ubiquitous in soil ecosystems and show a vast taxonomic diversity with a wide range of life history characteristics and feeding strategies. Various taxa contribute directly or indirectly to soil processes, including nutrient cycling, soil formation and pest control. Mites thus support important ecosystem services of soils. Yet, their community composition, and therewith service provisioning, may differ between for instance intensively managed agricultural soils and extensively managed grassland soils. We therefore hypothesized that successional changes in the abundance and diversity of soil mite functional groups (feeding types) will occur following a conversion of arable land to grassland, affecting their contribution to ecosystem services. To test this, we studied the succession of mite communities on two Long Term Observatories (LTOs) in Lusignan (France) and Veluwe (the Netherlands). At Lusignan, sampling involved four combinations of recent and historic land use types. At the Veluwe, samples were taken in a secondary succession chronosequence in grasslands, representing a time frame up to 29 years after the conversion from arable land to grassland. Biodiversity and biomass were higher in grassland than in arable land, especially for the total mite community, the predators and the main taxa aiding in decomposition. After conversion of grassland to arable land, or vice versa, both taxon richness and biomass rapidly developed towards the prevailing conditions. Our results indicated that the taxon richness and biomass of the total mite community in grassland still continued to increase up to 29 years after the conversion from arable land to grassland. Total taxon richness increased with time since conversion, which was mainly due to the immigration of decomposers and predators. The biomass of different feeding guilds increased at variable speeds. The observed changes imply an increase in nutrient cycling and in the suppression of some potential pests. We discuss the relevance of these ecosystem services in extensively managed grasslands and agricultural systems. Furthermore, our results suggest that in agricultural rotational schemes that include one or more years of grassland, mite communities and associated ecosystem services may be partially, but not completely, restored to the conditions of long term grassland.

International audience; Background and aims Field elms (Ulmus minor) can easily reproduce vegetatively by root suckers or sprouting. They also have a long history of propagation and planting in the Netherlands. Both natural vegetative reproduction and cultivation may significantly influence the genetic structure of U. minor populations and insight in these phenomena are of utmost importance for appropriate conservation management of this species. In this study we examined the presence and extent of clonality and patterns of genetic variability within and among field elm populations in the Netherlands. Methods We used microsatellites (SSRs) to describe the clonal diversity and structure and to calculate genetic diversity parameters in the Dutch U. minor populations. Additionally, we compared Dutch populations with two U. minor reference collections from Belgium and France. Key results We found high levels of clonality in the Dutch field elm populations. Out of the 159 Dutch trees analysed for clonal structure only 66 multilocus genotypes were identified. Clonal richness (R = 0.06 – 0.96) and diversity (D = 0.44 – 1.0) varied considerably among locations. Six genotypes were shared between locations indicating human-mediated translocations. We revealed a low to moderate genetic diversity in the populations (He = 0.483 – 0.628 and Ar = 2.4 -2.9). At four locations some individuals were found that differed in assignment probabilities based on the STRUCTURE clustering analysis including parental species, suggesting that these might be hybrids or at least not pure U. minor specimens. This also indicates that morphological identification is difficult. When omitting these individuals genetic structure analyses still indicated the presence of two genetic clusters. Conclusion However artificial establishment has played a major role in the distribution of the species and its current genetic diversity in the Netherlands. These findings help facilitate Dutch gene conservation management programs for U. minor, in particular, the identification of high priority clones for ex situ conservation and efforts to restore remnant populations and hedgerows.; Contexte et objectifs – Les ormes champêtres peuvent facilement se reproduire végétativement par drageons ou rejets. Ils sont également multipliés et plantés de longue date aux Pays-Bas. Tant la reproduction végétative naturelle que la culture peuvent donc influer de manière significative sur la structure génétique de leurs populations. La compréhension de ce phénomène est très importante pour la gestion conservatoire de cette espèce. Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné la présence et l'étendue de la clonalité et la structuration de la variabilité génétique au sein et entre les populations d’ormes champêtres aux Pays-Bas. Méthodes - Nous avons utilisé des marqueurs microsatellites (SSRs) pour décrire la diversité et la structuration clonales et calculer les paramètres de la diversité génétique dans les populations néerlandaises d’ormes champêtres. En outre, nous avons comparé ces populations à deux collections de références d’ormes champêtres de Belgique et de France. Principaux résultats - Nous avons trouvé des niveaux de clonalité élevés dans les populations néerlandaises. Sur les 159 ormes néerlandais analysés pour la structure clonale, seulement 66 génotypes multilocus ont été identifiés. La richesse (R = 0,06 à 0,96) et la diversité (D = 0,44 à 1,0) clonales variaient considérablement entre les sites. Six génotypes ont été trouvés dans plusieurs sites, ce qui atteste de translocations d’origine anthropique. Nous avons mis en évidence une diversité génétique intra-population faible à modérée (He = de 0,483 à 0,628 et Ar = 02.04 à 02.09). Dans quatre sites, certains arbres sont apparus différents des espèces parentales selon les probabilités d'assignation spécifique par la méthode d’analyse STRUCTURE, suggérant qu’il pourrait s’agir d’hybrides ou du moins pas d'U. minor purs. Ceci montre également que l'identification morphologique est difficile. Même lorsque ces arbres sont exclus, les analyses de structuration génétique révèlent encore la présence de deux groupes génétiques. Conclusions – La propagation artificielle a joué un rôle majeur dans la répartition et la diversité génétique actuelles de l'espèce aux Pays-Bas. Ces résultats aident à conduire le programme de conservation génétique néerlandais pour U. minor, en particulier en matière d'identification des clones hautement prioritaires pour la conservation ex situ et en termes d’efforts de restauration des populations et des haies résiduelles.

The rise of global supply chain systems and geographical dispersion of related inland logistics centres has led to a new phase in the evolution of port systems, referred to as port regionalisation. While this process largely results from the decisions of shippers and logistics providers, the scope of public policy can also shape it. This includes the strategic capacity of stakeholders to couple not only locally available assets with the needs of global flows, but also to provide meaning through the constitution of symbols, frames and discourses. We propose the application of a relational perspective to port regionalisation, which allows us to analyse how various actors engage strategically in actor-networks and coalitions across scales to stimulate growth based on logistics. This is accomplished by presenting the rise of Venlo in the Netherlands as an inland logistics hub within the corridor of the port of Rotterdam.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Im späten 16. Jahrhundert ernannte die niederländische Exulantengemeinde in Wesel Diakonissen. Die Kirchenältesten verstanden dies als eine Wiederbelebung des apostolischen Diakonissen-Amtes. In den späten 1570er Jahren war im niederländischen Calvinismus eine Kontroverse ausgebrochen, die die formale Abschaffung des Diakonissen- Amtes zur Folge hatte. Trotzdem wurden weiterhin Diakonissen ernannt, um die lokale Armenfürsorge sicherzustellen. Auch im Falle der Weseler Calvinisten kann man nicht von einer Wiederbelebung des antiken Diakonissen-Amtes sprechen. Vielmehr benutzten die Kirchenältesten den Titel, um Frauen, die ihnen bei der Bewältigung der durch das Exil entstandenen sozialen Probleme halfen, Status und Ehre zuzusprechen.

Une comparaison des modeles d'education sexuelle en France, aux Etats-Unis, au Royaume-Uni et aux Pays-Bas demontre l'interet d'aborder la dimension affective de la sexualite, dont l'amour, en tant que sentiment mais aussi comme cadre relationnel et objet de representations. Il semblerait important de donner une place a l'amour dans l'education a la sexualite en France, pour atteindre les objectifs de promotion de la sante et d'education a la citoyennete qui lui sont associes.

Ethnic boundaries were tested in students' networks in 34 Flemish and 19 Dutch high schools. Each network consisted of a school cohort in an intermediate level of education (track). While students from the native majority predominantly had friendships within their own ethnic category, minority students often had more inter-ethnic than intra-ethnic friendships. However, a multilevel p2 model for analysing the networks showed that this was due mainly to the quantitative dominance of native students in the networks. Native students were more inclined than minority students to engage in inter-ethnic friendships. The study found ethnic boundaries to be stronger in the Dutch networks than in the Flemish networks. It is unclear whether this is due to methodological reasons or to more substantial differences between the Netherlands and Flanders.

In the wake of the success of Richard Florida in particular, concepts such as the “creative class” and “quality of place” have become growing topics of debate in urban economics and urban geography...

Use of antibiotics in medicine, farming and aquaculture results in a continual supply of these pharmaceuticals and their breakdown products reaching the environment. A method has been developed to use for screening environmental samples to establish whether they contain antibiotics. The assay is based on a commercially available test kit and uses some modifications of the test procedure and SPE techniques to deliver a fast, semi-quantifiable result. Development of the assay and results from spiked and environmental samples are discussed.

This paper examines policy-relevant effects of a yearly public ranking of individual researchers and their institutes in economics by means of their publication output in international top journals. In 1980, a grassroots ranking (‘Top 40’) of researchers in the Netherlands by means of their publications in international top journals started a competition among economists. The objective was to improve economics research in the Netherlands to an internationally competitive level. The ranking lists did stimulate output in prestigious international journals. Netherlands universities tended to perform well compared to universities elsewhere in the EU concerning volume of output in ISI source journals, but their citation impact was average. Limitations of ranking studies and of bibliometric monitoring in the field of economics are discussed.

Contains fulltext : 53525.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The aim of this study was to interpret changes in mortality from testicular cancer (TC) against the background of changes in treatment and survival in the south of The Netherlands. Five-year moving average standardised mortality rates were calculated. Primary treatment and relative survival were analysed according to histology, stage and year of diagnosis. The mortality rate dropped in the period 1979-1986 and then flattened out. The types of treatment that patients received did not change significantly over time and were according to the guidelines. Ten-year relative survival for seminoma TC patients improved from 81% (67-91%) in 1970-1979 to 95% (88-100%) in 2000-2002; for non-seminoma TC patients these rates were 54% (38-68%) and 92% (85-99%), respectively. Conditional 5-year relative survival for seminoma and non-seminoma TC patients 5 years after diagnosis was 99% and 96%, respectively. In conclusion, there was an enormous increase in relative survival and a significant decrease in mortality.

Processes of sense making enable individuals to explain or give meaning to their experiences including those pertaining to gender. Meanings shape both individual behaviors and expectations for the behavior of others. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine how board members of national sport associations in the Netherlands made sense of gendered arrangements. We used a sense making approach that acknowledges the significance of context (gender ratio) and constructions of meaning in shaping organizational practices. The results, based on 29 semi-structured interviews, showed how board members gave meanings to gender skewness that included defining board work as gender (in) appropriate and sustaining and challenging behaviors defined as stereotypical. We discuss how the results reflect doing and undoing gender.

Summary Objective To determine for what reasons West African immigrants, who contribute the largest single group of malaria cases in the Netherlands, visit pre-travel preventive health services and whether use of such services is likely to improve use of preventive measures. Methods Semi-structured interviews with eligible participants recruited through West African churches and societies and at a large festival. Results A total of 70% of the total non-random sample of 292 participants said that they always use pre-travel preventive health services before travelling. Being from Ghana (OR = 2.5), having legal residency status (OR = 2.5), visiting friends and relatives rather than going for business or funeral (OR = 6.7), and living in Amsterdam (OR = 5.1) were all independently associated with using pre-travel preventive health services, as were taking general preventive measures (OR = 3.0), and self-reported use of malaria prophylaxis. Higher use of pre-travel preventive health services was not associated with better knowledge of malaria as such. Conclusions West Africans, in particular non-Ghanaians, illegal immigrants and West African immigrants leaving at short notice should be encouraged to use pre-travel preventive health services. Adequate methods to reach these groups need to be developed, including health education on the importance of prevention in general. Objectif Determiner pour quelles raisons les immigres de ouest africains, qui constituent le seul plus grand groupe de cas de malaria dans les Pays Bas, visitent avant le voyage les services de sante preventive et si l'utilisation de tels services est susceptible d'ameliorer l'utilisation de mesures preventives. Methodes Interviews semi structurees avec des participants eligibles recrutes dans des eglises et des organisations de ressortissants ouest africains et dans un grand festival. Resultats 70% de l'ensemble non aleatoire de 292 participants affirmaient employer toujours avant le deplacement, les services de sante preventive du voyage. Le fait d’etre originaire du Ghana (OR = 2,5), d'avoir un statut legal de residence (OR = 2,5), de voyager pour des visites amicales et parentales plutot que pour des affaires ou des funerailles (OR = 6,7) et de resider a Amsterdam (OR = 5,1) etaient tous independamment associes a l'utilisation des services de sante preventive du voyage, autant que pour la prise de mesures preventives generales (OR = 3,0) et que pour l'utilisation de prophylaxie auto rapportee contre la malaria. Une utilisation plus elevee des services de sante preventive du voyage n’etait pas associee a une meilleure connaissance sur la malaria en tant que telle. Conclusions Les ressortissants ouest africains, en particulier les non Ghaneens, immigres illegaux et legaux voyageant a breve echeance, devraient etre encourages a utiliser les services de sante preventive du voyage. Des methodes adequates pour atteindre ces groupes devraient etre developpees, y compris l’education sanitaire sur l'importance de la prevention en general. Objetivo Determinar las razones por las cuales los inmigrantes provenientes del Africa Occidental, que contribuyen como el grupo mas grande de casos de malaria en los Paises Bajos, visitan los servicios sanitarios preventivos antes de un viaje, y si el uso de estos servicios puede mejorar el uso de las medidas preventivas. Metodos Entrevistas semi-estructuradas con participantes elegibles reclutados a traves de iglesias y sociedades de Africa Occidental, y durante un gran festival. Resultados Un 70% de la muestra total de 292 participantes dijo que ellos siempre utilizaban los servicios sanitarios de forma preventiva antes de viajar. El ser de Ghana (OR = 2.5), el ser residente legal (OR = 2.5), el visitar amigos o parientes en vez de ir por negocios o por un funeral (OR = 6.7), y el vivir en Amsterdam (OR = 5.1) eran todos factores independientemente asociados con el utilizar los servicios sanitarios preventivos antes de un viaje, asi como del tomar medidas preventivas generales (OR = 3.0), y el uso auto-reportado de profilaxis para la malaria. Un mayor uso de servicios sanitarios preventivos antes del viaje no se vio asociado a un mayor conocimiento de la malaria en si. Conclusiones Se deberia animar a los africanos occidentales, en particular a los no ghaneanos, a los inmigrantes ilegales y a los inmigrantes de Africa del Oeste que viajan con poco aviso, a utilizar los servicios sanitarios preventivos antes del viaje. Es necesario desarrollar los metodos adecuados para llegar hasta estos grupos, incluyendo la educacion sanitaria sobre la importancia de la prevencion.

At an excavation of the late medieval St Margaretha Convent in Leiden (The Netherlands), archaeobotanical results could be compared with historical data. Both wood and macroremains were analysed to reconstruct the local vegetation and seek evidence of the cultivation of plants. The historical sources available for this estate are a charter prepared in 1572, which listed all trees present just after the abandonment of the convent, and an illustration from 1574 of the convent and its grounds. The charter mentions Salix and Alnus as the most numerous trees present, followed by several other taxa. The archaeological evidence from the wood remains, mostly construction timber with a dominance of Quercus, shows the use of indigenous taxa and some non-indigenous material, which was partly re-used. It is possible that some of the Coniferae were very early home-grown specimens. The trees represented in the macroremains were most probably growing in the immediate vicinity. They specify some of the taxa found as wood or mentioned in the historical text. The identified cultivated plants could all have been grown locally. The vegetation is in general represented by ruderal taxa and plants growing in wet conditions, which form an assemblage typical of an abandoned rural area.

Objective This study was conducted to assess the degree of diffusion of hysteroscopic surgery in gynaecological practice in The Netherlands in order to guide further implementation. The diffusion was objectified by defining the percentage of hospitals performing hysteroscopic procedures and the number of different procedures performed per gynaecologist. Study design In 2003 all Departments of Gynaecology ( n =102) in The Netherlands were sent a questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed the number and type of all hysteroscopic procedures that were performed in each hospital in 2002. Data from this study were compared to previously published data from 1997. Results Responses were received from 80% of all gynaecological departments in The Netherlands. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed in almost all hospitals in both 1997 and 2002. The percentage of hospitals that adopted polypectomy, myomectomy and endometrial ablation increased to more than 90% in 2002. The number of teaching hospitals that integrated diagnostic hysteroscopy, polypectomy and myomectomy (procedures required for graduation) into their operative spectrum increased to 100%. Conclusion This survey indicates a growing trend of the diffusion of diagnostic and "basic" therapeutic hysteroscopic procedures in The Netherlands. However, figures upon more advanced hysteroscopic surgery are less optimistic.

• Most research on media rituals is based on the assumption that they fulfil a `natural' need in keeping society together. Recently, different scholars have questioned this `neo-Durkheimian' approach, stating that media rituals should not be interpreted as subservient to an existing society, but as active constructors of social order. This article tries to analyse how national identity is being constructed in the longest-running entertainment programme on Dutch television: Te Land ter Zee. The case study shows how images of the nation come about through interaction and negotiation between various parties. The organization plays a key role in the media ritual, but is still dependent for the end-result on the cooperation of the power configurations, participant performance and the appropriation of the programme by the audience. •

Le 8 avril 1786, un edit de Joseph II proclamait la suppression de toutes les confreries des Pays-Bas et prevoyait leur remplacement par une confrerie unique de l’Amour actif du prochain. A la base de cette reforme, il faut voir une volonte de reorganiser la bienfaisance, mais aussi de lutter contre des pratiques de piete jugees trop peu rationnelles. Cette reforme, mal preparee, se revela un echec. Les confreries tenterent de contourner la mesure. Les comites installes dans de nombreuses localites en vue d’organiser la suppression mirent parfois peu de bonne volonte a remplir leur tâche. Les protestations des autorites civiles se firent quant a elles surtout nombreuses apres les reformes institutionnelles de Joseph II de 1787. Quant a la hierarchie ecclesiastique, seuls quelques pretres temoignerent de leur indignation. Au final, bien avant l’edit de revocation de la suppression du 16 mars 1791, la plupart des groupements avaient repris leurs activites.

Aim: We compared the results of two recent studies on end-of-life decisions (ELDs) for neonates and infants in Belgium (Flanders) and the Netherlands. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to physicians who reported the death of a child under the age of 1 (Belgium: n = 292, response 87%; Netherlands: n = 249, response 84%). The questionnaires included structured questions about whether death had been preceded by ELDs, and about the decision-making process. Results: In both countries, in about 25% of all deaths a life-sustaining treatment was withheld, and in about 40% pain or other symptoms were alleviated taking into account that death might be hastened. In Belgium, a life-sustaining treatment was less often withdrawn than in the Netherlands (32% vs. 50%, respectively). Drugs were administered with the explicit intention of hastening death in similar percentages of all deaths (Belgium: 7%; Netherlands: 9%). Dutch physicians more often than Belgian physicians discussed ELDs with parents (96% vs. 81%, respectively), and with colleague physicians (94% vs. 80%, respectively). Conclusions: End-of-life decision making in severely ill neonates seems to be rather similar in Belgium and the Netherlands. Differences are that Dutch physicians more often withdraw life-sustaining treatment. Furthermore, parents and colleague physicians are more often involved in the decision making in the Netherlands.

Several studies have investigated the health of children attending schools located near busy roads. In this study, we have measured personal exposure to traffic-related pollutants in children to validate exposure classification based on school location. Personal exposure to PM 2.5 , soot, NO x and NO 2 was measured during four 48-h periods. The study involved 54 children attending four different schools, two of which were located within 100 m of a major road (one ring road and one freeway) and the other two were located at a background location in the city of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Outdoor monitoring was conducted at all school sites, during the personal measurements. A questionnaire was administered on time activity patterns and indoor sources at home. The outdoor concentration of soot was 74% higher at the freeway school compared to its matched background school. Personal exposure to soot was 30% higher. For NO x the outdoor concentration was 52% higher at the freeway school compared to its background school. The personal concentration of NO x was 37% higher for children attending the freeway school. Differences were smaller and insignificant for PM 2.5 and NO 2 . No elevated personal exposure to air pollutants was found for the children attending the school near the ring road. We conclude that the school's proximity to a freeway can be used as a valid estimate of exposure in epidemiological studies on the effects of the traffic-related air pollutants soot and NO x in children.

This article explores how the relation between waste and electricity regimes changed in the Netherlands in a long-term perspective. The concept of socio-technical regime is used to investigate institutional, technological and social (network) changes. The conclusion is that the relationship changed from two regimes being separated into a much more symbiotic and integrated relationship through a multi-level and co-evolutionary process. The concept of ‘biomass’ has become a binding element in the relationship. Keywords: Multi-regime interactions; Co-evolution; Biomass

There are well-known gender differences in the form and content of extended family relationships. This paper examines how fathers and mothers differ in the support they receive from children and how this depends on whether the parents divorce, become widow(er)s, enter a new relationship, and have new children. The guiding hypothesis is that because women are "kinkeepers," the position of fathers vis-a-vis mothers deteriorates outside of marriage. Analyses are based on 8,040 parent-child dyads obtained from a Dutch survey. Positive evidence is obtained for the hypothesis. Although fathers already receive less support from children than mothers while married, this difference is larger when fathers are not married. This is not only true for a divorce that occurred early in the life of the child, but also for late divorces. Moreover, during the stage of widowhood, gender differences are increased as well. Remarriage and new children have further negative effects, and these effects are also stronger for fathers than for mothers.