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The article focuses on public apology of the Church of Sweden (CoS) for its role in repression and mistreatment of people of Sápmi, and mentions abuses of the Sámi people to be reported by Truth Commission. Topics discussed include implementation of rights for the Indigenous People, ruling of Supreme Court on significance of wind power development on herders of reindeer, and demand of Sámi families on removal of wind turbines.

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The restrictions on religious freedom imposed by the Cuban state--a direct consequence of the authoritarian nature of the regime and its atheist and antireligious ideology--are well-known. Much less understood is the subtle nature of the vulnerability of Christians, especially after the changes that have occurred since the 1990s. This article examines their situation in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the topics of vision and sacrifice in the 1979 book "Purgatorio" by Chilean poet Raúl Zurita. Other topics include Zurita's various awards like the 2000 Chile's National Literary Prize and the 1984 Guggenheim Fellowship, the link between violence and writing as seen in "Purgatorio," and other topics like dictatorship and repression.

Despite the high prevalence of incest, survivors are reluctant to disclose its existence for reasons such as shame, guilt and the presence of an accusatory and stigmatizing social discourse. The current mixed methods study examined the internal discourses of 13 incest survivors in Israel, reflected in self-reported internal dialogs which emerged during interviews. The qualitative analysis revealed a dialectical tension between two themes – one reflecting an internalization of the social discourse (manifested as quotes taken from social discourse and uttered by the survivors) and the other an agentic discourse (manifested in utterances either resisting the social discourse or showing an empowering advertence to one's own fulcrum). The quantitative analysis showed that for seven participants the internalized social discourse expressions were most frequent, for five the agentic expressions were most frequent, and that for one the discourses were at equilibrium. The ubiquitous sub-themes manifested in the internalized social discourse were: victimhood (feelings of vulnerability and helplessness), survivorship (meaningless existence, despair and hopelessness), negative self-esteem and self-pathology (perception of the self as having pathological psychological problems), and denial/repression of the abuse. The ubiquitous sub-themes manifested in the agentic discourse were: positive self-image and sense of potency, hope, optimism and positive perception of life, and uprising against the parents and institutions that did not give support. The discussion is based on Butler's concept of vulnerability, which suggests how to address the harms inflicted by incest without erasing aspects of the survivors' agency and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the topics of repression, professionalism and sexual desire in the novel "The Remains of the Day" by Kazuo Ishiguro. Also cited are the use of the Lacanian approach to discuss the relationship of a person with his/her symbolic fiction, the concept of dignity, and the ethics of psychoanalysis.

The twentieth anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist strikes presents a good occasion for scholars and policymakers to take stock of what has been learned about Islamist, anti-American terrorists. In this article, the author evaluates a number of proposed causes of terrorism against the empirical record of 60 individuals who, claiming to have been motivated by their understanding of Islam, have plotted or carried out attacks against the American homeland. The analysis finds that while many theories of terrorism fail to explain the phenomenon of Islamist, anti-American terrorism, these terrorists do share a few traits, namely that they tend to be well-educated, young men reared in countries characterized by government repression, many of which happen to be security partners of the United States. The insights of this analysis suggest a number of policy prescriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Bulletin of Medical History is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Harpagon, Molière's miserly usurer, creates, encourages, and profits from the insatiability that also makes him fearful. The desire he fears is both the source of, and the threat to, the wealth he accumulates. An economic arrangement that encourages ever-escalating appetites, in order to profit from them, cannot indefinitely avoid exhausting what sustains it. Such a system first creates, and then manipulates, the perception of scarcity. The reality of scarcity will eventually follow. Exclusive focus on maximizing profit is not sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an interview with Ching Kwan Lee, a sociology professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) talking about Hong Kong studies scholar navigating the sociopolitical terrain of repression. Topics include need for non-Western scholars for constantly justifying the area of research being emblematic of academia's Eurocentrism; and roles playing as a scholar and public intellectual straddling academia and the broader public sphere.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves kidney damage, and the inflammasome‐caspase‐1 axis has been demonstrated to promote renal pathogenesis. The present study was designed to explore the function of the Absent in Melanoma 2 (Aim2) protein in SLE. Methods: Female wild‐type Aim2−/−, Aim2−/−Ifnar1−/−, Aim2−/−Rag1−/−, and Asc−/− mice ages 8–10 weeks received 1 intraperitoneal injection of 500 μl pristane or saline, and survival of mice was monitored twice a week for 6 months. Results: The absence of Aim2, but not Asc, led to enhanced SLE in mice that received pristane treatment. Increased immune cell infiltration and type I interferon (IFN) signatures in the kidneys of Aim2−/− mice coincided with severity of lupus, which was alleviated by blockade of Ifnar1‐mediated signal. Adaptive immune cells were also involved in the glomerular lesions of Aim2−/− mice after pristane challenge. Importantly, even in the absence of pristane, plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the kidneys of Aim2−/− mice were significantly increased compared to control animals. Accordingly, transcriptome analysis revealed that Aim2 deficiency led to enhanced expression of type I IFN–induced genes in the kidneys even at an early developmental stage. Mechanistically, Aim2 bound ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme 2i (Ube2i), which mediates sumoylation‐based suppression of type I IFN expression deficiency of Aim2 decreased cellular sumoylation, resulting in an augmented type I IFN signature and kidney pathogenesis. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a critical role for Aim2 in an optimal Ube2i‐mediated sumoylation‐based suppression of type I IFN generation and development of SLE. As such, the Aim2–Ube2i axis can thus be a novel target for intervention in SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different patterns of emotion regulation have been proposed for dealing with the intense emotions elicited while coping with cancer. The relationships between these different emotion regulation patterns have not yet been studied. This study examined the usage levels of different emotion regulation patterns (repression, suppression, experiential avoidance and cognitive reappraisal), the intercorrelations and clustering of these patterns and their associations with personal coping resources (personal resilience and self-compassion) in a sample of colorectal cancer survivors. This was a cross-sectional study in which 153 colorectal cancer survivors, stages II–III, (47% female, 53% male), aged 26–87, completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale-14 and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form. The four emotion regulation patterns were found to be distinct from each other (i.e., low to moderate correlations). Cognitive reappraisal was negatively related to suppression and experiential avoidance and positively associated with self-compassion. Two-step cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters: Cluster 1—the suppression-avoidance dominant cluster; Cluster 2—the cognitive reappraisal dominant cluster; and Cluster 3—the repression dominant cluster. Repression, suppression, experiential avoidance and cognitive reappraisal were found to differ from each other but able to be organized into distinct clusters of survivors. Healthcare professionals should be aware of these different emotion regulation patterns and the need to identify the patterns used by each survivor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to define the Infantile and to examine its role in the analytic relationship, I considered this concept from both its developmental and structural status. I based my position on Freud’s view of a double Unconscious, together container of the repressed and drive source. I also used jointly both Freudian models of the psychic apparatus, that I do not consider as exclusive from each other, but as complementary, although not always easy to put together. This led me to consider the peculiarities of the criteria for the termination of the analyst’s personal analysis, and to try and describe the economic situation of repression in the psychoanalyst at work. By observing the impact of the Infantile-of-the-analysand upon the system PCS-CS of the psychoanalyst, I dealt with the odds and ends of the lack of representation and I tried to examine the situation and the future of the blind spots issued from such an impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Major depression disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders that is often characterized by anhedonia, low mood, lethargy, distraction, changes in sleep and appetite and suicidal ideation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on the severity of depression, emotional dysregulation and emotional schemes of patients with major depressive disorder. Method: The present study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population was patients with depression who referred to health centers in Khoy in 2020. 30 of them were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 9 one-hour treatment sessions. Data were collected using Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI-II), Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Leahy Emotional Schemas Questionnaire (LESS-II). Data collection was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-26 software. Results: The results of post-test scores of depression intensity, suppression, reappresial and adaptive and non-adaptive emotional schema showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). The effect size of emotional schema therapy was to reduce the severity of depression (0.86), repression (0.63), re-evaluation (0.69), adaptive emotional schemas (0.74) and non-adaptive emotional schemas (0.78). Conclusion: Emotional schema therapy as an emerging emotion-focused therapy can be used as an effective and efficient treatment to reduce depression, emotional dysregulation, and correct emotional schemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-racism has nurtured many visions of post-racism futures. All this talk and political action relies on and reproduces discourses of racism. While much of this discursive force lies in what is said, we argue that a haunting quality of racism may arise from what is unsaid. This includes the multifarious points of connection between the present and the past. We are all implicated, albeit unevenly. This article describes the phenomenon of spectral racism that arises from such implicature. We develop a discursive account of its constitution in acts of dialogical repression, and we consider some of the social psychological and political ramifications of haunting racism. We illustrate our arguments by an analysis of the way the prohibition against the use of the k-word echoes the toxic past and zombifies racism via psychological enticement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence and political repression in general may have a complex psychosocial impact on societies. Studying these effects in countries with a high grade of repression based on reliable data from inside the country is difficult or even impossible, mainly due to the very concrete risk for the researcher of being pursued. Methods and results: The authors try to develop a strategy to integrate available data from inside Iran, data on exiled survivors, and of reliable international sources to investigate the situation in the country, where torture and execution are used frequently. Data on human rights violations, including violence against women, persecution of political activists, up to the torture and execution of teenagers, are indicators of the sociopolitical situation and of a pervasive strategy of repression in Iran in the last decades. It must be expected to lead to substantial long term public mental health impact and other social and economic problems and to create a burden on the Iranian population as a secondary result of repression. Conclusion: Although, general psychosocial health of a society is determined by multiple factors, we conclude from the very limited data available from inside Iran that political repression is not the only such factor, but can be assumed to be at least contributing significantly to the increasing physical and mental health problems in the country, creating a difficult position for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Paola Gaeta, Professor of International Law, is presented. Topics discussed include repression of torture at the international level and, more specifically, under the United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT); inclusion of violence in the private domain in the prohibition of torture under other international human rights systems and irrelevance of the status of the perpetrator for torture as a war crime or a crime against humanity.

An interview with lawyers Tatyana Eatwell and Steven Powles is presented. Topics discussed include repression of torture at the international level under the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT), human rights conventions and other legal instruments; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the and the Geneva Conventions share a common foundation and rationale for the repression of torture and criminalization of torture in domestic law and the prosecution.

Recent research suggests that the administrations of presidents with diverse cabinets are less likely (and less able) to violate human rights. I posit that a more clear image of how (and where) repression occurs can be obtained by looking at the cabinet portfolios that have the greatest capacity to repress, such as the ministry of justice (which typically oversees a state's justice system and prison apparatus). In this research note, I reexamine the relationship between cabinet partisanship and government respect for human rights by empirically testing the effect that presidential control over the ministry of justice has on human rights violations in presidential democracies. I find that states are more likely to experience greater government respect for human rights when the justice minister is in a different party than the president's party. I conclude by suggesting that given the expansive power justice ministers have with regards to the administration of justice, perhaps this position is best occupied by an individual whose first loyalties are the law and the rights of citizens, rather than political party and presidential piety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do the post-Soviet countries differ in their regulatory approaches to organized civil society? This study provides a systematic and comprehensive assessment of relative differences and similarities in the regulation of civil society organizations in seven post-Soviet countries: Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Ukraine. Empirically, the study offers a regulatory index that makes it possible to map and compare relative differences and similarities between these countries' regulatory approaches to civil society. The findings show that post-Soviet authoritarian countries do not use similar levels of repression against organized civil society. The study provides an account of how different political configurations explain relative differences in the extent to which post-Soviet authoritarian countries repress their respective civil societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Discussion Forum and not exhaustive of all exclusions and of the targets of repression in Chile. It mentions innovations representative that brings with it the next Constitutional Convention and need to decentralize authority, design and implementation of public policies towards territorial levels. It also mentions powerful of feminist mobilizations and the cultural changes that support gender equality.

State organized psychological repression in the German Democratic Republic (GDR; 1949 – 1990) included "quiet" measures, such as wiretapping, spreading of rumours, or provoking failures in professional and social domains. Goal of these measures was to systematically undermine the psychosocial integrity of a political opponent, and induce anxiety, social isolation and confusion. These experiences of severe chronic stress have been shown to have a negative health impact on those affected, even many years later. The present study aims to unfold the physiological and emotional mechanisms potentially causing these psychological and physiological long-term consequences. Specifically, we focus on physiological stress reactivity and interpersonal abilities of victims of political repression. 60 participants (30 with repression experiences, 30 control, age range 50-80) participate in a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). We measure salivary cortisol and subjective stress at nine time points throughout the testing session. Additionally, we assess participants' interpersonal abilities using a standardized questionnaire. Results are currently pending. Understanding how severe stress experiences influence body and mind in the long term is relevant not only for the rehabilitation of past victims, but is essential for the care of current and future victims of political repression in authoritarian regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma can be defined as any event or experience that is extremely perturbing and deeply distressful; leaving the sufferer completely devastated both mentally and emotionally. Trauma is a wound of the mind that lingers throughout the life of the victim who experiences the traumatic events. Cathy Caruth in her groundbreaking works of Trauma Studies discusses how literature can act as a window to the traumatic events and experiences. Those people who decide to go through gender transformation have also become the victim of wounded experience by some catastrophic events happening around them. The 'society' considered them schizophrenic and confused in terms of their responsibilities and performances. They have to perform themselves being 'normal' in order to sustain themselves in society. Repression of their feelings and suffering from identity crises often end up by giving them an incurable wound. Here, in The Danish Girl, though the emphasis is given upon the sufferings and traumatic experience of Einer in the process of becoming Lili but, Greda, who constantly being together with Einer also went through the same kind of traumatic experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies regard responsiveness as an effective institution for Chinese government to mitigate social protests based on the premise that citizens adopt more institutionalized channels as soon as the regime makes it available. We challenge this notion by arguing that institutionalized and noninstitutionalized channels are not substituting but complements, and improving responsiveness to institutionalized participation may ironically lead to more protests. We collected a unique dataset and employed machine-learning to measure the quality of local responsiveness. We find that improving responsiveness has a positive effect on protests and identify updating citizens' beliefs on repression as major mechanism. The findings suggest the availability of new institutionalized channels may not have the intended substitutive effects on noninstitutionalized participation, and thus authoritarian co-optation could have unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do China's authorities repress some protests, but not others? By how much do crowd size, violent tactics and protest location increase the likelihood of repression? Based on a newly available dataset of more than 70,000 protest events collected from social media, this article tests three competing explanations of protest repression in China. It finds that repression is closely correlated both with the cost of concessions for local governments and protest intensity. A small-scale and peaceful labor protest in an urban locality very seldom encounters repression, but rural riots against land grabs, evictions or environmental pollution are nearly certain to experience state-sanctioned violence or arrests even if the number of participants is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of converging research, we concluded that the controversial topic of unconscious blockage of psychological trauma (i.e., repressed memory) remains very much alive in clinical, legal, and academic contexts. In his commentary, Brewin (this issue, p. 443) conducted a cocitation analysis and concluded that scholars do not adhere to the concept of unconscious repression. Furthermore, he argued that previous survey research did not specifically assess unconscious repression. Here, we present critical evidence that runs counter to his claims. First, we inspected his cocitation analysis and found that some scholars support notions that are closely related to unconscious repression. Furthermore, we conducted another analysis on the basis of articles' similarity. Again, we found examples of scholars specifically endorsing unconscious repressed memories. Second, as opposed to what Brewin reports, recent survey research now exists that bears directly on people's beliefs regarding unconscious repression. This work reveals that large percentages of people (e.g., students and eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing [EMDR] clinicians) endorse the concept of unconscious repressed memories. The belief in unconscious repressed memory can continue to contribute to harmful consequences in clinical, legal, and academic domains (e.g., false accusations of abuse). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the November 2019 issue of Perspectives, Otgaar et al. argued that the "memory wars" persist and that "the controversial issue of repressed memories is alive and well and may even be on the rise" (p. 1072). Their thesis overlooked the well-established consensus that recovered memories of trauma may be genuine, false, or a mixture of the two and instead focused on a disputed mechanism: unconscious repression. A formal cocitation analysis identified the major publications mentioning repressed memories, but none endorsed a theory of unconscious repression. Studies of beliefs about repressed memories by the general public and other groups do not support Otgaar et al.'s thesis either because these studies did not adequately assess the key ideas defining the theory of repression. Clinical evidence is consistent with recovered memories occurring in many different forms of therapy, including ones that do not use suggestive techniques or rely on the concept of repression. Thus, Otgaar et al. have proposed the existence of a problem for which little objective evidence can be found. Continuing theoretical uncertainties about the mechanisms responsible for forgetting are less important than the general recognition since the 1990s that suggestive therapy and attempts to exhume memories are hazardous and generally inappropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing news coverage of the killing of Stephon Clark in 2018, this research contributes to the further theorization of the hierarchy of social struggle by (1) confirming the consistent use of demonizing and delegitimizing framing devices to describe Black human rights protest, and (2) illustrating that the quality of the presentation of grievances and demands must also be considered when assessing the degree to which coverage can be legitimizing for a racial justice movement. In addition, findings show selective social media sharing amplified the limited coverage about police character but amplified sensational reports of injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'originalité de notre travail porte sur le destin des affects chez des femmes adultes ayant subi des agressions sexuelles répétées de la part de leur père durant leur enfance et/ou leur adolescence. Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement aux effets du trauma sur leur vie affective. Une méthodologie qualitative a été choisie, combinant entretiens cliniques de recherche et épreuve projective du Rorschach pour trois femmes suivies dans une association d'aide aux victimes. Après qu'elles eurent donné leur accord, nous nous sommes assurés qu'elles étaient suivies par un thérapeute car la recherche pouvait réactiver des souvenirs dramatiques et provoquer chez elles du mal-être. À partir du Rorschach, nous pouvons repérer le manque de liaison entre affect et représentation chez nos patientes. Pour deux patientes, l'affect est volatil, pouvant être de nature plaisante puis basculer rapidement dans le déplaisir ou générer de l'angoisse. Chez la troisième patiente, il est réprimé. Cette répression empêche l'expression des affects qui échoueraient à être pris en charge par le psychisme du fait de leur caractère désorganisant. Chez des femmes ayant vécu une expérience traumatique telle que l'inceste, la vie affective semble touchée, atteinte. À l'issue de cette recherche, le terme de distorsion est discuté, renvoyant d'une part à la déformation et d'autre part, au mouvement imposé. Il cumule donc l'idée de contrainte par l'autre et de discontinuité (touchant au mode de la qualité). Nous pouvons émettre l'hypothèse que l'affect serait distordu, en raison d'une impossibilité précoce de l'environnement à donner du sens aux éprouvés du jeune enfant. Ce dernier a été pris précocement dans le désir du parent incestueux, l'amenant à se soumettre aux attentes de l'agresseur et à s'oublier. En plus de la distorsion, une autre voie peut être possible, celle de la répression où l'affect est réprimé, le sujet se retirant de sa vie psychique et émotionnelle afin de ne plus ressentir. Distorsion affective et répression semblent associées au clivage du moi car le sujet se coupe d'une partie de lui-même en refusant de reconnaître des pans de sa vie émotionnelle (répression), ou d'identifier des affects comme s'il avait perdu sa capacité de discrimination (le plaisant/le mauvais). Ne peut-on pas y voir un effet de l'identification à l'agresseur ? Reconnaître les destins de l'affect (distorsion et répression) chez des femmes ayant subi un inceste nous encourage à interroger les modalités d'accompagnement thérapeutique classique basées sur la libre association. Dans un premier temps, cet appel à l'associativité pourrait s'apparenter à une menace à laquelle le sujet répondrait soit par un repli, une mise en retrait (anesthésie affective), soit par un sentiment de dilution des limites. Afin d'aménager le cadre thérapeutique, le clinicien, en s'appuyant sur le transfert et le contre-transfert, pourrait offrir des mots pour qualifier l'expérience affective malmenée par l'inceste. En effet, ce dernier a pu redoubler la difficulté à identifier et à reconnaître ce qui est bien, mal, plaisant ou au contraire déplaisant en lien avec des expériences primaires, ayant entravé la fonction réflexive. The originality of our work lies in the fate of affects in adult women who have been repeatedly sexually abused by their fathers during their childhood and/or adolescence. We are particularly interested in the effects of their emotional life trauma. A qualitative methodology was chosen, combining clinical research interviews and a projective Rorschach test for three women followed in a victim support association. After they had given their consent, we made sure they were followed by a therapist because the research could reactivate dramatic memories and cause them to feel unwell. From the Rorschach, we can identify the lack of connection between affect and representation in our patients. For two patients, the affect is volatile, which can be of a pleasant nature and then quickly switch to displeasure or generate anxiety. In the third patient, it is repressed. This repression prevents the expression of affects, which would fail to be taken care of by the psyche because of their disorganizing character. Women who have lived through a traumatic experience such as incest, seem to have their emotional life affected. At the end of this research, the term distortion is discussed, referring on the one hand to deformation and on the other hand to imposed movement. It thus cumulates the idea of constraint by the other and discontinuity (touching on the mode of quality). We can put forward the hypothesis that the affect would be distorted, due to an early impossibility of the environment to give meaning to the experiences of the young child. The latter was caught early in the desire of the incestuous parent, leading him to submit to the expectations of the aggressor and to forget himself. In addition to distortion, another way may be possible, that of repression where the affect is repressed, the subject withdrawing from his psychic and emotional life in order to no longer feel. Emotional distortion and repression seem to be associated with the self clivage as the subject cuts himself off from a part of himself by refusing to recognize parts of his emotional life (repression), or to identify affects as if he had lost his ability to discriminate (the good/bad). Can't this be seen as an effect of identification with the aggressor? Recognizing the fates of affect (distortion and repression) in women who have suffered from incest encourages us to question the classic therapeutic accompaniment modalities based on free association. Initially, this call for associativity could resemble a threat to which the subject would respond either by withdrawing or withdrawing (affective anaesthesia), or by a feeling of dilution of limits. In order to arrange the therapeutic framework, the clinician, relying on transference and counter-transference, could offer words to qualify the incest emotional experience abused by incest. Indeed, the latter could redouble the difficulty in identifying and recognizing what is good, bad, pleasant, or on the contrary unpleasant in relation to primary experiences, which have hindered the reflexive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents an extremely pessimistic view of Irish womanhood and the place of women in the contemporary Irish society. Women's oppression, repression and depression are not a new topic in literature, but in the past it was another factor in the continuation of male dominance and women's inferiority. This paper explores the hopes and disappointments of four generations of women within one Irish family. Marina Carr's play The Mai explores the oppression, repression, and depression of four generations of women who contempt their mistake. The life of women is full of sorrow because of their husband's infidelity. They are totally devoted to their husbands. For instance, the protagonist of the play knows that her husband is unfaithful to her, in spite of that, she loves him and waits for him. This presents an extremely pessimistic view of Irish womanhood and the place of women in the society. Moreover, this paper uses exploratory research method where it discusses problems and questions. It deals with qualitative research design because it concerns with human nature and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a study of children's experiences of being physically restrained by staff in a range of custodial settings. The research was carried out in collaboration with a team of young researchers, and generated rich and insightful accounts of children's experiences of legitimised violence in the form of 'restraint'. These lead us to reflect on whether this is a normal and justifiable feature of custody, or as oppressive and unacceptable to the extent that it represents a form of brutalisation, and an unnecessary, unjustifiable and repressive form of control, where the rights of children are routinely transgressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authoritarian regimes seek to prevent formal and informal organizations in society from engaging in mobilized dissent. What strategies do they use to do so, and what explains their choices? I posit that state actors in autocracies use four mechanisms to control societal organizations: repression, coercion, cooptation and containment. How they control these organizations depends on whether they think they might undermine political stability. Two factors inform that assessment. First is whether state actors think societal organizations' interests are reconcilable with regime resilience. Second is whether groups are in national or international networks that are either cohesive or incohesive. While the irreconcilability of interests influences state actors' perceptions of groups as subversive, network cohesion shapes organizations' capacity for large-scale mobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Manuscrits: Revista d'Historia Moderna is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia Contemporanea is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth account of how individuelas with a mild intellectual disabilitiy or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF; IQ 50–85) perceive their group climate in a secure forensic setting. Giving voice to these service users may provide relevant insights for secure forensic settings. Design/methodology/approach: The interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore what individuals with MID-BIF experience with regard to their group climate. Findings: In the interviews about the four domains of group climate (i.e. repression, support, growth and atmosphere), five overarching dimensions appeared, namely, autonomy, uniformity, recognition, competence and dignity. Depending on the person and the (treatment) context in which he/she resides, these five dimensions relate to all four factors of the group climate instrument. Originality/value: From the perspective of individuals with MID-BIF, this study contributes by providing a framework to "fine-tune" group climate on five dimensions. Training socio-therapists to be sensitive to interpret ambiguous signals on these dimensions can contribute to optimizing group climate in secure forensic settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equatorial Guinea is not only one of the world's most authoritarian regimes but also a striking case of regime and leader survival. This small, oil-rich state and personalist regime defies conventional wisdom because it is both far more resilient and faces far fewer threats from within the regime and from opposition political parties than other resource-rich states. But how does the regime manage to survive? This study argues that four key mechanisms interact to explain Equatorial Guinea's record of authoritarian survival. Firstly, co-optation (via patronage, party, and cabinet appointments) which President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo and the regime party— Partido democrático de guinea ecuatorial —have used to build internal cohesion and fragment opposition. Secondly, the crafting of restrictive institutional rules (party and electoral laws) that, combined with informal rules, aim to protect the regime's interests and make participation in political opposition more costly. Thirdly, the use of (selective and diffuse) repression to shield the regime and shrink the living space of challengers. Finally, the regime's international linkages and projection to gain credibility and offset pressure for change. We argue that autocrats' survival depends on their ability to play a strategic two-level game: domestic and international. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the reemergence of queer nightlife in West Berlin, Germany in the critical years between the end of the Nazi regime in 1945 and the beginning of the gay and lesbian movements in the 1970s. It mentions how queer theories of space can contribute to understanding queer life in postwar Germany, which was characterized by a tension between renewed exuberance surveillance, between Überschwang and Überwachung. It also mentions queer individuals managed to resist repression.

The article offers information on the misuse of psychiatry as a tool for political repression, particularly in totalitarian regimes like the Soviet Union and contemporary Iran, where dissenters are labeled as psychiatric patients. This abuse not only violates human rights but also leads to severe psychological consequences for the victims, including dissociative disorders and an increased risk of suicide.

The article informs that Nigeria was considered "under-borrowed" in the mystical parlance of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (imf) throughout the 1970s. Topics include the first major loan foisted on Nigeria was part of the great alchemy; and Nigeria was set on the path of austerity, repression, and immiseration through the very "liquidity" of its own natural resources.

In this paper, newly uncovered archival material from the Bowlby archives is presented on Bowlby's own dreams and dream interpretation. Although he was critical of orthodox psychoanalysis, Bowlby appears to have been seriously involved in Freudian dream interpretation in the 1930s and 1940s. Here, we present in annotated form his own interpretations of several of his dreams from that time and a series of lectures on dreams. In Attachment and Loss, classic dream interpretation is absent and Bowlby used the content of dreams as a reflection of the influence of real-life experiences on the representations of attachment relations, with a clear focus on grief, loss, and mourning. Bowlby's shift from psychoanalysis to a more behavioral approach and the introduction of the concept of "defensive exclusion" to supplant Freud's concept of "repression" may have led him to think about how grief and mourning may affect the content of our dreams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]