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459 results on '"Tamburrini, E."'

103. A comparison between abacavir and efavirenz as the third drug used in combination with a background therapy regimen of 2 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in patients with initially suppressed viral loads

Author

Cozzi Lepri, A, De Luca, A, Phillips, An, Bongiovanni, M, Di Giambenedetto, S, Mena, M, Moioli, Mc, Arlotti, M, Sighinolfi, L, Narciso, P, Lichtner, M, Cauda, R, Monforte, A, Montroni, M., Scalise, G., Braschi, M. C., Riva, A., Tirelli, U., Di Gennaro, G., G. Pastore, N. Ladisa, Minafra, G., Suter, F., Arici, C., Chiodo, F., Colangeli, V., Fiorini, C., Coronado, O., Carosi, G., Cadeo, G. P., Torti, Carlo, Minardi, C., Bertelli, D., Rizzardini, G., Melzi, S., Manconi, P. E., Piano, P., Cosco, L., Scerbo, A., Vecchiet, J., D’Alessandro, M., Santoro, D., Pusterla, L., Carnevale, G., Citterio, P., Viganò, P., Ghinelli, F., Leoncini, F., Mazzotta, F., Pozzi, M., Lo Caputo, S., Angarano, G., Grisorio, B., Saracino, A., Ferrara, S., Grima, P., Tundo, P., Pagano, G., Cassola, G., Alessandrini, A., Piscopo, R., Toti, M., Chigiotti, S., Soscia, F., Tacconi, L., Orani, A., Perini, P., Scasso, A., Vincenti, A., Chiodera, F., Castelli, P., Scalzini, A., Palvarini, L., Moroni, M., Lazzarin, A., Cargnel, A., Vigevani, G. M., Caggese, L., Repetto, D., Galli, A., Merli, S., Pastecchia, C., Molioli, M. C., Esposito, R., Mussini, C., Abrescia, N., Chirianni, A., Izzo, C. M., Piazza, M., De Marco, M., Viglietti, R., Manzillo, E., Nappa, S., Colomba, A., Abbadessa, V., Prestileo, T., Mancuso, S., Ferrari, C., Pizzaferri, P., Filice, G., Minoli, L., Bruno, R., Novati, S., Baldelli, F., Tinca, M., Petrelli, E., Cioppi, A., Alberici, F., Ruggieri, A., Menichetti, F., Martinelli, C., De Stefano, C., La Gala, A., Ballardini, G., Rizzo, E., Magnani, G., Ursitti, M. A., Ortolani, P., Dianzani, F., Ippolito, G., Antinori, A., Antonucci, G., Ciardi, M., Petrosillo, N., Vullo, V., Bacarelli, A., Zaccarelli, M., Acinapura, R., De Longis, P., Brandi, A., Trotta, M. P., Noto, P., Capobianchi, M. R., Carletti, F., Girardi, E., Pezzotti, P., Rezza, G., Mura, M. S., Mannazzu, M., Caramello, P., Di Perri, G., Soranzo, M. L., Orofino, G. C., Arnaudo, I., Bonasso, M., Grossi, P. A., Basilico, C., Poggio, A., Bottari, G., Raise, E., Ebo, F., De Lalla, F., Tositti, G., Resta, F., Loso, K., Ammassari, A., A. C. i. n. g. o. l. a. n. i., . S., Fantoni, Marasca, G., Tamburrini, E., Visconti, E., Bini, A. T., Cicconi, P., Tordato, F., Formenti, T., and Zini, G.

Published
2006

105. Direct detection of proviral gag segment of HIV In peripheral blood lymphocytes by a colorimetric PCR assay as a clinical laboratory tool applied to different at-risk populations

Author

PANE, FABRIZIO, BUTTO S, GOBBO ML, FRANCO M, BUTTERONI C, MAIORANO G, FOGGIA M, CATALDO PT, GUARINO A, TAMBURRINI E, SOLINAS S, PIAZZA M, VECCHIO G, VERANI P, SALVATORE F., PASTORE, LUCIO, Pane, Fabrizio, Butto, S, Gobbo, Ml, Franco, M, Butteroni, C, Pastore, Lucio, Maiorano, G, Foggia, M, Cataldo, Pt, Guarino, A, Tamburrini, E, Solinas, S, Piazza, M, Vecchio, G, Verani, P, and Salvatore, F.

Published
1995

106. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling in HIV-infected pregnant women: a multicentre case series.

Author

Floridia, M, Masuelli, G, Meloni, A, Cetin, I, Tamburrini, E, Cavaliere, AF, Dalzero, S, Sansone, M, Alberico, S, Guerra, B, Spinillo, A, Chiadò Fiorio Tin, M, Ravizza, M, Mori, F., Ortolani, P., Nogare, E.R., Di Lorenzo, F., Sterrantino, G., Meli, M., and Polemi, S.

Subjects
AMNIOCENTESIS, CHORIONIC villus sampling, HIV-positive women, PREGNANCY complications, HUMAN abnormalities, HIV infection transmission
Abstract

Objectives: To assess in pregnant women with HIV the rates of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), and the outcomes associated with such procedures.Design: Observational study. Data from the Italian National Program on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy were used.Setting: University and hospital clinics.Population: Pregnant women with HIV.Methods: Temporal trends were analysed by analysis of variance and by the Chi-square test for trend. Quantitative variables were compared by Student's t-test and categorical data by the Chi-square test, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals calculated.Main Outcome Measures: Rate of invasive testing, intrauterine death, HIV transmission.Results: Between 2001 and 2015, among 2065 pregnancies in women with HIV, 113 (5.5%) had invasive tests performed. The procedures were conducted under antiretroviral treatment in 99 cases (87.6%), with a significant increase over time in the proportion of tests performed under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (100% in 2011-2015). Three intrauterine deaths were observed (2.6%), and 14 pregnancies were terminated because of fetal anomalies. Among 96 live newborns, eight had no information available on HIV status. Among the remaining 88 cases with either amniocentesis (n = 75), CVS (n = 12), or both (n = 1), two HIV transmissions occurred (2.3%). No HIV transmission occurred among the women who were on HAART at the time of invasive testing, and none after 2005.Conclusions: The findings reinforce the assumption that invasive prenatal testing does not increase the risk of HIV vertical transmission among pregnant women under suppressive antiretroviral treatment.Tweetable Abstract: No HIV transmission occurred among women who underwent amniocentesis or CVS under effective anti-HIV regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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107. Rate, correlates and outcomes of repeat pregnancy in HIV-infected women.

Author

Floridia, M, Tamburrini, E, Masuelli, G, Martinelli, P, Spinillo, A, Liuzzi, G, Vimercati, A, Alberico, S, Maccabruni, A, Pinnetti, C, Frisina, V, Dalzero, S, Ravizza, M, Mori, F., Ortolani, P., dalle Nogare, E. R., Di Lorenzo, F., Sterrantino, G., Meli, M., and Polemi, S.

Subjects
*LOW birth weight, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *HIV-positive persons, *PREMATURE infants, *PREGNANCY, *RESEARCH funding, *VIRAL load, *ACQUISITION of data, *DATA analysis software, *CD4 lymphocyte count, *ODDS ratio
Abstract

Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the rate, determinants, and outcomes of repeat pregnancies in women with HIV infection. Methods Data from a national study of pregnant women with HIV infection were used. Main outcomes were preterm delivery, low birth weight, CD4 cell count and HIV plasma viral load. Results The rate of repeat pregnancy among 3007 women was 16.2%. Women with a repeat pregnancy were on average younger than those with a single pregnancy (median age 30 vs. 33 years, respectively), more recently diagnosed with HIV infection (median time since diagnosis 25 vs. 51 months, respectively), and more frequently of foreign origin [odds ratio ( OR) 1.36; 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.10-1.68], diagnosed with HIV infection in the current pregnancy ( OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.35-2.11), and at their first pregnancy ( OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06-1.66). In women with sequential pregnancies, compared with the first pregnancy, several outcomes showed a significant improvement in the second pregnancy, with a higher rate of antiretroviral treatment at conception (39.0 vs. 65.4%, respectively), better median maternal weight at the start of pregnancy (60 vs. 61 kg, respectively), a higher rate of end-of-pregnancy undetectable HIV RNA (60.7 vs. 71.6%, respectively), a higher median birth weight (2815 vs. 2885 g, respectively), lower rates of preterm delivery (23.0 vs. 17.7%, respectively) and of low birth weight (23.4 vs. 15.4%, respectively), and a higher median CD4 cell count (+47 cells/μL), with almost no clinical progression to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage C ( CDC-C) HIV disease (0.3%). The second pregnancy was significantly more likely to end in voluntary termination than the first pregnancy (11.4 vs. 6.1%, respectively). Conclusions Younger and foreign women were more likely to have a repeat pregnancy; in women with sequential pregnancies, the second pregnancy was characterized by a significant improvement in several outcomes, suggesting that women with HIV infection who desire multiple children may proceed safely and confidently with subsequent pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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109. Safety and feasibility of treatment simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir + lamivudine in HIV-infected patients on stable treatment with two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors + atazanavir/ritonavir with virological suppression (Atazanavir and Lamivudine for treatment Simplification, AtLaS pilot study)

Author

Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Fabbiani, Massimiliano, Colafigli, Manuela, Ciccarelli, Nicoletta, Farina, Soraya, Sidella, Letizia, D'Avino, Alessandro, Mondi, A, Cingolani, Antonella, Tamburrini, Enrica, Murri, Rita, Navarra, Pierluigi, Cauda, Roberto, De Luca, Andrea, Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), Ciccarelli, Nicoletta (ORCID:0000-0002-7582-9142), Cingolani, A (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), Tamburrini, E (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Murri, R (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Navarra, Pierluigi (ORCID:0000-0002-4424-650X), Cauda, R (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), De Luca, A (ORCID:0000-0002-8311-6935), Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Fabbiani, Massimiliano, Colafigli, Manuela, Ciccarelli, Nicoletta, Farina, Soraya, Sidella, Letizia, D'Avino, Alessandro, Mondi, A, Cingolani, Antonella, Tamburrini, Enrica, Murri, Rita, Navarra, Pierluigi, Cauda, Roberto, De Luca, Andrea, Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), Ciccarelli, Nicoletta (ORCID:0000-0002-7582-9142), Cingolani, A (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), Tamburrini, E (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Murri, R (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Navarra, Pierluigi (ORCID:0000-0002-4424-650X), Cauda, R (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), and De Luca, A (ORCID:0000-0002-8311-6935)

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To explore 48 week safety and efficacy of treatment simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir + lamivudine in HIV-infected patients with virological suppression on a stable atazanavir/ritonavir-based standard triple regimen. METHODS: This was a single-arm pilot study, enrolling 40 patients on atazanavir/ritonavir + two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), without previous treatment failure, with HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL for >3 months and CD4 >200 cells/mm(3). At baseline, patients were switched to 300/100 mg of atazanavir/ritonavir + 300 mg of lamivudine once daily. Laboratory parameters, atazanavir plasma levels, self-reported adherence, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, bone composition and body fat distribution were monitored. Virological failure was defined as HIV-RNA >50 copies/mL on two consecutive determinations or a single level >1000 copies/mL. RESULTS: After 48 weeks, 4/40 (10%) regimen discontinuations occurred: 1 death (brain haemorrhage), 1 study withdrawal (inadequate atazanavir plasma levels), 1 re-induction with two NRTIs due to pregnancy and 1 virological failure without development of resistance. Seven moderate to severe adverse events were recorded (including four renal colics, possibly treatment-related) in six patients. At week 48, increases in total (mean change +17 mg/dL, P = 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (+6 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (+8 mg/dL, P = 0.052) cholesterol were observed. The glomerular filtration rate improved (+7 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P < 0.001), as did scores exploring self-reported physical and mental health (+11, P = 0.009 and +13, P < 0.001 on a 0-100 scale), neuropsychological performance (-1 pathological task, P = 0.002) and total bone mineral density (+0.03 g/cm(2), P = 0.026). There were no significant changes in CD4 cell count, bilirubin, atazanavir plasma levels, adherence and body fat distribution over time. CONCLUSIONS: Simplification to ata

Published
2013

110. A prevalence study in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy era

Author

Giuliani, Michele, Lajolo, Carlo, Sartorio, Alessandro, Ammassari, A., Lacaita, M. G., Scivetti, M., Tamburrini, Enrica, Tumbarello, Mario, Giuliani M., Lajolo C. (ORCID:0000-0003-4663-9734), Sartorio A., Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Tumbarello M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552), Giuliani, Michele, Lajolo, Carlo, Sartorio, Alessandro, Ammassari, A., Lacaita, M. G., Scivetti, M., Tamburrini, Enrica, Tumbarello, Mario, Giuliani M., Lajolo C. (ORCID:0000-0003-4663-9734), Sartorio A., Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), and Tumbarello M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: During recent years, a new population of HIV and HCV co-infected subjects has emerged presenting particular oral problems. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV+ subjects and HIV and HCV co-infected subjects, to assess whether co-infection is a risk factor for the presence of oral lesions.METHODS: 200 HIV+ subjects were consecutively enrolled, divided into two groups: Group 1 (130 HIV+ subjects) and Group 2 (70 HIV-HCV co-infected subjects) and visited by two oral medicine specialists. Epidemiological, laboratory and clinical parameters were gathered to determine the possible risk factors for oral lesions.RESULTS: 52 on 200 subjects (26%) presented oral lesions: in Group 1, 25 on 130 subjects (19.23%) presented oral lesions, whereas in Group 2, 27 on 70 subjects (38.57%) presented oral lesions. Multivariate analysis showed that the following variables are statistically associated with the presence of oral lesions: HIV-HCV co-infection (OR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.01-5.33: P < 0.05) and the use of drugs for the treatment of systemic diseases not associated with HIV (OR = 4.34; 95% CI = 1.78-5.33: P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to assess, on the basis of our results, that co-infected patients are more prone than HIV mono-infected patients to develop oral lesions and thus should undergo strict oral medicine monitoring.

Published
2008

111. Safety and feasibility of treatment simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir + lamivudine in HIV-infected patients on stable treatment with two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors + atazanavir/ritonavir with virological suppression (Atazanavir and Lamivudine for treatment Simplification, AtLaS pilot study)

Author

Di Giambenedetto, S., primary, Fabbiani, M., additional, Colafigli, M., additional, Ciccarelli, N., additional, Farina, S., additional, Sidella, L., additional, D'Avino, A., additional, Mondi, A., additional, Cingolani, A., additional, Tamburrini, E., additional, Murri, R., additional, Navarra, P., additional, Cauda, R., additional, and De Luca, A., additional

Published
2013
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114. P.1.197: HCV GENOTYPE 1 AND 4 TREATMENT IN LIVER TRANSPLANTED AND IN HIV COINFECTED PATIENTS: EFFECTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ON THE RESPONSE TO THERAPY

Author

Ponziani, F.R., primary, Di Giambenedetto, S., additional, Siciliano, M., additional, Annicchiarico, B.E., additional, Pompili, M., additional, Caracciolo, G., additional, Dal Verme, L. Zileri, additional, Tamburrini, E., additional, Farina, S., additional, De Luca, A., additional, Gasbarrini, A., additional, and Aisf, R.G., additional

Published
2011
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116. Rapid HIV-RNA decline following addition of raltegravir and tenofovir to ongoing highly active antiretroviral therapy in a woman presenting with high-level HIV viraemia at week 38 of pregnancy

Author

Pinnetti, C., primary, Baroncelli, S., additional, Villani, P., additional, Fantoni, M., additional, Tozzi, V., additional, De Luca, A., additional, Cauda, R., additional, Anzidei, G., additional, Cusato, M., additional, Regazzi, M., additional, Floridia, M., additional, and Tamburrini, E., additional

Published
2010
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120. [Determination of HIV-RNA using in situ hybridization on myocardial tissue. Role of HIV in cardiomyopathy in AIDS]

Author

Mencarini, P., Tamburrini, E., Antinori, A., Zannoni, G., Andrea De Luca, Capelli, A., and Ortona, L.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Myocardium, Cytomegalovirus, Heart, Middle Aged, Myocarditis, Risk Factors, Cytomegalovirus Infections, DNA, Viral, HIV-1, Humans, Female, In Situ Hybridization
Abstract

Aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HIV-1 and CMV genomic sequences in myocardial tissue from autopsy of AIDS patients by in situ hybridization technique and to make a correlation with clinical and/or pathological signs of myocarditis. Seven patients out of 12 (58.3%) were positive for HIV-1 (6/7 patients with pathological signs of myocarditis and 1/5 without pathological abnormalities; p = 0.029). In situ hybridization for CMV was positive in 5/12 patients (41.7%) (3 with myocarditis and 2 without myocarditis); three clinically symptomatic cases were contemporary positive for HIV-1 and CMV. Our results seem to confirm emerging data about the presence of HIV-1 in myocardial tissue and about the possible role of HIV-1 in determining cardiac pathologies. Furthermore we suggest the hypothesis of an interaction of HIV-1 and CMV in latest of HIV infection.

Published
1991

121. Ganciclovir to therapy retinitis of cytomegalovirus in AIDS

Author

Tamburrini, Enrica, Minnella, Angelo Maria, Antinori, A., Federico, G., Pizzigallo, E., Ortono, L., Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Minnella A. (ORCID:0000-0001-5896-5313), Tamburrini, Enrica, Minnella, Angelo Maria, Antinori, A., Federico, G., Pizzigallo, E., Ortono, L., Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), and Minnella A. (ORCID:0000-0001-5896-5313)

Abstract

We report our experience with treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients; intravenous and/or intravitreal ganciclovir therapy seems to be quite safe and effective

Published
1991

130. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction in comparison with immunofluorescence in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens

Author

Tamburrini, E., primary, Mencarini, P., additional, De Luca, A., additional, Maiuro, G., additional, Ventura, G., additional, Antinori, A., additional, Ammassari, A., additional, Visconti, E., additional, Ortona, L., additional, Siracusano, A., additional, Ortona, E., additional, and Vicari, G., additional

Published
1993
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133. Lower hemoglobin levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT): relationship with DAT strength and clinical stages.

Author

Lai M, Visconti E, D'Onofrio G, Tamburrini E, Cauda R, and Leone G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There are conflicting opinions regarding the effect of positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV+) patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 166 samples from HIV+ outpatients were studied. The DAT was performed with the tube test and column agglutination technology (CAT). RESULTS: The DAT was positive in 18.67 percent with the tube method and 33.73 percent with the CAT. Patients with DAT-positive results showed lower Hb levels than DAT-negative patients, 12.3 g per dL versus 14.3 g per dL (p = 0.0002). The univariate logistic regression enabled us to study the phenomenon better and fit the probability of having a DAT-positive result on the basis of the Hb levels. The relationship between the CAT and the tube test when washing the red blood cells (RBC) at 4 degrees C was stronger than when washing these at room temperature (phi = 0.8156; p = 0.000). The Hb levels were significantly lower in the positive DATs of Stage C (acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]) and Stage B (symptomatic non-AIDS patients), which showed decreasing Hb values for increasing agglutination strengths (p = 0.000). Anemia was related with the DAT results (odds ratio [OR], 8.005; p = 0.000) but not to the AIDS condition (OR, 1.741; p = 0.221). DISCUSSION: Our study indicates that the DAT-positive results may be specifically related to lower Hb levels in HIV+ patients. The immunologic RBC clearance could be part of the anemic multifactorial condition in HIV+ patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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134. Influence of ofloxacin and pefloxacin on human lymphocyte immunoglobulin secretion and on polymorphonuclear leucocyte superoxide anion production.

Author

Fantoni, Massimo, Tamburrini, Enrica, Pallavicini, Federico, Antinori, Andrea, Nervo, Properzio, Fantoni, M, Tamburrini, E, Pallavicini, F, Antinori, A, and Nervo, P

Abstract

The influence of two fluoroquinolone derivatives, ofloxacin and pefloxacin, on lymphocyte immunoglobulin secretion and on polymorphonuclear leucocyte superoxide anion production was assessed. Pharmacological concentrations did not influence the studied functions, while suprapharmacological concentrations decreased immunoglobulin production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1988

135. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and regulatory T cells in acute viral hepatitis.

Author

Barnaba, V, Tamburrini, E, Laghi, V, Cauda, R, Levrero, M, Ruocco, G, Ortona, L, and Balsano, F

Abstract

During acute viral hepatitis, we observed a significant decrease in OKT4/OKT8 ratio with a significant increase in the OKT8 positive subset in acute type B and non-A-non-B hepatitis. This altered ratio persisted in type B for a long time until HBsAg antibody became detectable, while it soon returned to normal in type A and non-A-non-B hepatitis. In the majority of acute hepatitis the altered ratio is because of an increase and not to a decrease in the whole T cell population, as described in chronic HBV infection. The number of HNK-1 positive cells remained raised during the recovery phase of type B and non-A-non-B hepatitis, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that NK cells play a role in the host defence against B and non-A-non-B virus infections. Serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were increased only in acute hepatitis B and non-A-non-B where immunological mechanisms are suspected to be involved, and showed a good correlation with the population of activated OKIa positive cells. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1985

136. Antiretroviral therapy at conception in pregnant women with HIV in Italy: wide range of variability and frequent exposure to contraindicated drugs

Author

Floridia M, Tamburrini E, Ravizza M, Anzidei G, Tibaldi C, Bucceri A, Maccabruni A, Guaraldi G, Meloni A, Ravagni Probizer MF, Guerrao B, The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in P.r.e.g.n.a.n.c.y., MARTINELLI, PASQUALE, Floridia, M, Tamburrini, E, Ravizza, M, Anzidei, G, Tibaldi, C, Bucceri, A, Maccabruni, A, Guaraldi, G, Meloni, A, Ravagni Probizer, Mf, Guerrao, B, Martinelli, Pasquale, The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in, P. r. e. g. n. a. n. c. y., Floridia M., Tamburrini E., Ravizza., Anzidei G., Tibaldi ., Bucceri A., Maccabruni A., Guaraldi G., Meloni A., Ravagni Probizer M.F., Guerra B., Martinell P., and on behalf of The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy.

Subjects
Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, antiretroviral therapy, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Sida, Contraindication, Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, HIV, pregnancy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Antiretroviral therapy, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Fertilization, Immunology, Lentivirus, Female, Viral disease, business, Sentinel Surveillance
Abstract

Methods Data from a large national surveillance study was used to describe antiretroviral regimens in pregnant women with HIV, with particular reference to the presence at conception of antiretroviral treatments contraindicated in pregnancy. Therapeutic changes during pregnancy were also analysed. Results Among 334 women on antiretroviral treatment at conception, less than half (42.4%) reported current pregnancy as planned. A large number of different regimens (80) was observed. All the regimens included at least one nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors were present in similar proportions (39.2% and 40.7%, respectively). The most commonly used drugs were lamivudine (83.2% of regimens), zidovudine (50.0%), stavudine (d4T; 38.0%), nevirapine (25.7%), didanosine (ddI; 17.7%) and nelfinavir (17.7%). Treament with efavirenz (13.5% of regimens) and ddI+d4T (9.6%) was markedly frequent. Use of efavirenz at conception was associated with a subsequent treatment change during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]: 13.2.; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–53.8, PConclusions Our data show that treatment at conception frequently represents the regimen previously selected for the treatment of the non-pregnant woman. The observed rates of exposure to contraindicated treatment should lead prescribing physicians to consider in HIV-positive women therapeutic choices that take into account the likelihood of an unplanned pregnancy. Such an approach is likely to reduce not only unintended exposures to contraindicated drugs, but also therapeutic changes during pregnancy.

138. DIRECT-DETECTION OF PROVIRAL GAG SEGMENT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES BY COLORIMETRIC PCR ASSAY AS A CLINICAL LABORATORY TOOL APPLIED TO DIFFERENT AT-RISK POPULATIONS

Author

Pane, F., Butto, S., Gobbo, M. L., Franco, M., cinzia butteroni, Pastore, L., Maiorano, G., Foggia, M., Cataldo, P. T., Guarino, A., Tamburrini, E., Solinas, S., Piazza, M., Vecchio, G., Verani, P., Salvatore, F., Pane, Fabrizio, Butto, S., Gobbo, M. L., Franco, M., Butteroni, C., Pastore, Lucio, Maiorano, G., Foggia, M., Cataldo, P. T., Guarino, A., Tamburrini, E., Solinas, S., Piazza, M., Vecchio, Giancarlo, Verani, P., and Salvatore, Francesco

Subjects
PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS, SEQUENCES, HIV-INFECTION, INSITU HYBRIDIZATION, TYPE-1 INFECTION, AMPLIFICATION, DNA, POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION, DIAGNOSIS, SPECIMENS
Abstract

We used a colorimetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay in kit form to detect directly human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral gag sequences in peripheral blood cells from 68 healthy blood donors, 51 subjects at risk for HIV infection, 122 patients with HIV-1 infection, 11 patients with indeterminate Western blot (immunoblot) results, 4 blood donors HIV-1 positive by enzyme immunoassay, and 13 children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers. The results obtained in the blood donors and HIV-1-infected patients demonstrated the high degree of diagnostic Specificity and sensitivity of the PCR method. HIV-1 infection was excluded in 10 of the 11 patients with indeterminate Western blot results and in all four enzyme immunoassay-positive blood donors. A diagnosis of HIV infection was ruled out by negative PCR results in 5 of 13 children from seropositive mothers, which excluded vertical transmission of the infection in these cases; these children were younger than 3 months and had positive serological results. Two at-risk patients with negative serological results had positive PCR results. All results were confirmed by conventional PCR. In conclusion, colorimetric PCR, which is commercially available in kit form, is an easy and reliable technique that can be used to detect proviral HIV-1 genomes in blood cells, and despite the limitations owing to HIV genome variability, it is useful in the clinical setting for the diagnosis of HIV infection in selected categories of patients.

139. [B viral hepatitis in aged subjects]

Author

Roberto CAUDA, Tamburrini E, and Laghi V

Subjects
Adult, Male, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Adolescent, Age Factors, Immunoglobulins, Bilirubin, Middle Aged, Alkaline Phosphatase, Hepatitis B, Lymphocyte Activation, Italy, Humans, Female, Transaminases, Aged
Published
1980

140. Antibodies anti-HIV and immunologic status in newborns from i.v. drug addicted mothers

Author

Tamburrini, Enrica, Ventura, Giulio, Fundaro, C., Falasconi, A. M., Noia, Giuseppe, De Santis, Marco, Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Ventura G. (ORCID:0000-0002-0304-7264), Noia G. (ORCID:0000-0001-7207-6379), De Santis M. (ORCID:0000-0002-1388-0014), Tamburrini, Enrica, Ventura, Giulio, Fundaro, C., Falasconi, A. M., Noia, Giuseppe, De Santis, Marco, Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Ventura G. (ORCID:0000-0002-0304-7264), Noia G. (ORCID:0000-0001-7207-6379), and De Santis M. (ORCID:0000-0002-1388-0014)

Abstract

N|A

Published
1988

143. Genetic variability in different Pneumocystis isolates from man and rats

Author

Ortona, E., Margutti, P., Andrea De Luca, Tamburrini, E., Visconti, E., and Siracusano, A.

Subjects
Base Sequence, Pneumocystis, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Ribosomal, 5S, Genetic Variation, DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA, Ribosomal, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S, Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase, Animals, Humans, DNA, Fungal, Sequence Alignment, DNA Primers
Abstract

To gain further insight into the genetic variability between different isolates of Pneumocystis carinii of rat and human origin, we sequenced three DNA regions from the mitochondrial rRNA gene, the 5S rRNA gene and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHFR) of microorganisms isolated from three different immunosuppressed rat sources and from one HIV + patient with P. carinii pneumonia. Some point mutations and deletions were found among rat isolates in two regions (mitochondrial rRNA gene and 5S rRNA gene). Nucleotide sequence variations in these conserved regions support the hypothesis of the existence of several Pneumocystis strains infecting the same host species.

147. Consequences of presentation with advanced HIV disease in pregnancy: Data from a national study in Italy

Author

Floridia, M., Tamburrini, E., Masuelli, G., Guaraldi, G., Molinari, A., Cetin, I., Dalzero, S., Spinillo, A., Liuzzi, G., Pinnetti, C., Vicini, I., Castelli, P., Sacchi, V., Ravizza, M., Mori, F., Ortolani, P., Dalle Nogare, E. R., Di Lorenzo, F., Sterrantino, G., Meli, M., Polemi, S., Nocentini, J., Baldini, M., Montorzi, G., Mazzetti, M., Rogasi, P., Borchi, B., Vichi, F., Del Pin, B., Pinter, E., Anzalone, E., Marocco, R., Claudio Maria MASTROIANNI, Mercurio, V. S., Carocci, A., Grilli, E., Maccabruni, A., Zaramella, M., Mariani, B., Raponi, G. N., Nardini, G., Stentarelli, C., Beghetto, B., Degli Antoni, A. M., Crisalli, M. P., Donisi, A., Piepoli, M., Cerri, V., Zuccotti, G., Giacomet, V., Fabiano, V., Coletto, S., Di Nello, F., Placido, G., Vivarelli, A., Savalli, F., Portelli, V., Sabbatini, F., Francisci, D., Bernini, L., Grossi, P., Rizzi, L., Alberico, S., Maso, G., Airoud, M., Soppelsa, G., Meloni, A., Dedoni, M., Cuboni, C., Ortu, F., Piano, P., Citernesi, A., Vicini, I. B., Luzi, K., Roccio, M., Vimercati, A., Miccolis, A., Gennaro, A., Guerra, B., Cervi, F., Puccetti, C., Margarito, E., Contoli, M., Capretti, M. G., Marsico, C., Faldella, G., Sansone, M., Martinelli, P., Agangi, A., Maruotti, G. M., Tibaldi, C., Trentini, L., Todros, T., Frisina, V., Brambilla, T., Savasi, V., Personeni, C., Giaquinto, C., Fiscon, M., Rinaldi, R., Rubino, E., Bucceri, A., Matrone, R., Scaravelli, G., Fundarò, C., Genovese, O., Cafforio, C., Tozzi, V., Massetti, P., Casadei, A. M., Cavaliere, A. F., Finelli, V., Cellini, M., Gattinara, G. C., Marconi, A. M., Pirro, A., Polizzi, C., Mattei, A., Pirillo, M. F., Amici, R., Galluzzo, C. M., Donnini, S., Baroncelli, S., Cerioli, A., Martino, M., Mastroiacovo, P., Moroni, M., Parazzini, F., and Vella, S.

149. [Natural killer (NK) activity in patients with HIV infection]

Author

Ortona L, Tamburrini E, Tumbarello M, Ventura G, and Roberto CAUDA

Subjects
Adult, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Killer Cells, Natural, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS-Related Complex, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Female, HLA-DR Antigens
Abstract

NK activity and cells with NK phenotype (CD16+) were studied in 21 patients with HIV infection. In particular 8 patients with full-blown AIDS, 6 with AIDS related complex (ARC), 7 asymptomatic seropositive for anti-HIV antibodies were evaluated. Six subjects seronegative for anti-HIV antibodies from groups at risk for HIV infection were evaluated as well. NK activity was significantly reduced in AIDS and ARC patients but normal in asymptomatic seropositive subjects and in seronegative subjects at risk. NK cells (CD16+) were normal in AIDS patients, and in asymptomatic seropositive subjects, increased in ARC patients and in the subjects at risk. No statistical correlation was evident between the NK activity and the number of CD16+ cells in individual patients. The percentage of CD16+ cells coexpressing the HLA-DR marker i.e. CD16+ HLADR+ cells was significantly elevated only in ARC patients, and normal in the others. NK activity is the first line of defense against an invading virus and plays an important role in the immune surveillance of neoplasms. Therefore the reduced NK activity in AIDS and ARC patients can be consistent with the development of viral infections and unusual neoplasms frequently observed in such patients. The lack of correlation between defective NK activity and normal or increased number of cells with NK phenotype seems to indicate the existence of a more profound alteration in the function of NK cells rather than a simple numeric variation.

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