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The goal of this thesis is to reduce the lack of available resources and NLP tools for Arabic language in specialised domains by proposing methods allowing the extraction of terms from texts in Modern Standard Arabic. In this context, we first constructed an English-Arabic parallel corous in a specific domain.It is a set of medical texts produced by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM). Thereafter, we have proposed terminological acquisition methods, toextract terms or acquire relations between these terms, for Arabic based on: i) the adaptation of an existing terminology extractor for French or English, ii) the transliteration of English terms in Arabic characters and iii) cross-lingual transfer. Applied at the terminological level, transfer aims to implement a process of term extraction or relationship acquisition between terms in the texts of a source language (here, French or English) and then to transfer the extracted information to target language texts (in this case, Modern Standard Arabic), thereby identifying the same type of terminologicalinformation. We have evaluated the monolingual and bilingual term lists that we have obtained by the experiments we carried out, according to a transparent, direct and semi-automatic method: the extracted term candidates are confronted with a reference terminology before being validated manually. This evaluation follows a protocol that we proposed., L'objectif de cette thèse est de lever les verrous que constituent le manque de disponibilité de ressources ou d'outils TAL pour la langue arabe dans les domaines de spécialité en proposant des méthodes permettant l'extraction de termes à partir de textes en arabe standard moderne. Dans ce contexte, nous avons d'abord construit un corpus parallèle anglais-arabe dans un domaine de spécialité. Il s'agit d'un ensemble de textes médicaux produits par la bibliothèque nationale de médecine américaine (NLM). Par la suite, nous avons proposé des méthodes d'acquisition terminologique, permettant d'extraire des termes ou d'acquérir des relations entre ces termes, pour la langue arabe en se basant sur: i)adaptation d'un extracteur terminologique existant pour la languefrançaise ou anglaise, ii) l'exploitation de la translittération des termes anglais en caractères arabes et iii) l'application de la la notion de transfert translingue. Appliqué au niveau terminologique, le transfert consiste à mettre en œuvre un processus d'extraction de termes ou d'acquisition de relations entre termes sur des textes d'une langue source (ici, le français ou l'anglais) puis à transférer les informations extraites sur des textes d'une langue cible (ici, l’arabe standard moderne) pour ainsi identifier le même type d'informations terminologiques. Nous avons évalué les listes de termes monolingues et bilingues obtenues lors des différentes expériences que nous avons réalisées, suivant une méthode transparente, directe et semi-automatique: les termes candidats extraits sont confrontés à une terminologie de référence avant d'être vérifiés manuellement. Cette évaluation suit un protocole que nous avons proposé.

International audience; Matching learning corresponds to the combination of ontology matching and machine learning techniques. This strategy has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, state-of-the-art approaches implementing matching learning strategies are not well-tailored to deal with imbalanced training sets. In this paper, we address the problem of the imbalanced training sets and their impacts on the performance of the matching learning in the context of aligning biomedical ontologies. Our approach is applied to local matching learning, which is a technique used to divide a large ontology matching task into a set of distinct local sub-matching tasks. A local matching task is based on a local classifier built using its balanced local training set. Thus, local classifiers discover the alignment of the local sub-matching tasks. To validate our approach, we propose an experimental study to analyze the impact of applying conventional resampling techniques on the quality of the local matching learning.

Indexing video by the concept is one of the most appropriate solutions for such problem. It's based on an association between a concept and its corresponding visual, sound or textual features. This kind of association is not a trivial task. It requires knowledge about the concept and its context. In this paper, we investigate a new concept detection approach to improve the performance of content-based multimedia documents retrieval systems. To achieve this goal, we tackle the problem from different plans and make four contributions at various stages of the indexing process. We first propose a new weakly supervised semi-automatic method based on the genetic algorithm to extract and annotate the video plans for training set. Subsequently, we develop a method to detect the basic concepts. We also deal with the issue of noise reduction when generating visual dictionary (BoVS). The different contributions are tested and evaluated on a big dataset (TRECVID 2015).

In this paper, relationships between equicontinuity of a den-drite map f on Λ(f), absence of Li-Yorke pairs, collection of minimal sets and regularly recurrent points are investigated.

In this paper, we aim to offer a smart search functionality for a memory prosthesis for Alzheimer’s patients. This functionality is based on a multilingual semantic similarity-based approach. It estimates the similarity between the user’s search filed entry and the saved personal data of the user.

International audience; In this paper, we study the restriction of the Kontsevich formality to the subalgebra of the linear polyvectors in the algebra of polyvector fields on Rd.We prove that this formality is an analytic map.; Dans ce papier nous étudions la restriction de la formalité de Kontsevich à la sous-algèbre des tenseurs linéaires, dans l’algèbre de Lie des tenseurs surRd. On établit que c’est une formalité analytique.

This paper proposes a Core Ontology of Know-How and Knowing-That (COOK). Know-How and Knowing-That are two types of knowledge according to the epistemological point of view. COOK is founded on work analysis in epistemology, philosophy of capacity/disposition and philosophy of action. This work allows to establish a conceptual analysis of Know-How and Knowing-That. Know-How is defined as the disposition to perform a type of action, whereas Knowing-That is defined as a belief state and concerns a description which can be factual or prescriptive. Taking into account the whole amount of data for an organisation, COOK enhances knowledge identification, decision-making and knowledge sharing among organisation or between different organisations geographically dispersed. Furthermore, COOK is used for the semantic refinement of knowledge evaluation criteria family. These criteria can be related to (i) functional point of view which aims to calculate the contribution degree of Know-How/Knowing-That to the o...

The aim of this study was to investigate the secondary metabolites related to Pistacia atlantica Desf as well as their biological activities. Results show that using ethanol as a solvent exhibited the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids (68.23 mg GAE g−1 of DW and 44 mg RE g−1 of DW), followed by aqueous one (20.07 mg GAE g−1 of DW and 15 mg RE g−1 of DW). Good correlation (Data not shown) was obtained between the DPPH radical-scavenging activities and total phenolics contents. Many similarities were observed between the results of the DPPH (IC50 = 32 and 200 μg mL−1) and ABTS (IC50 = 42 and 300 μg mL−1) assays. All tested extracts contained phenolic compounds exhibited an antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Further, researches for identification and purification of phenolic compounds are required.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a very complex disease involving multiple factors that limit its emergence and spatial distribution. Prediction of cutaneous leishmaniasis epidemics in Tunisia remains difficult because most of the epidemiological tools used so far are descriptive in nature and mainly focus on a time dimension. The purpose of this work is to predict the potential geographic distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in Tunisia using Grinnellian ecological niche modeling. We attempted to assess the importance of environmental factors influencing the potential distribution of P. papatasi and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major. Vectors were trapped in central Tunisia during the transmission season using CDC light traps (John W. Hock Co., Gainesville, FL). A global positioning system was used to record the geographical coordinates of vector occurrence points and households tested positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major. Nine environmental layers were used as predictor variables to model the P. papatasi geographical distribution and five variables were used to model the L. major potential distribution. Ecological niche modeling was used to relate known species' occurrence points to values of environmental factors for these same points to predict the presence of the species in unsampled regions based on the value of the predictor variables. Rainfall and temperature contributed the most as predictors for sand flies and human case distributions. Ecological niche modeling anticipated the current distribution of P. papatasi with the highest suitability for species occurrence in the central and southeastern part of Tunisian. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that governorates of Gafsa, Sidi Bouzid, and Kairouan are at highest epidemic risk.

The current paper investigates the effect of titanium substitution on the structure as well as the magnetic properties of La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Mn 1− x Ti x O 3 (0≤ x ≤0.5) polycrystalline powder. The samples studied crystallize in a distorted perovskite structures of tetragonal (space group I4/mcm ) symmetry with octahedral tilting scheme ( a 0 a 0 c − ), leading to the absence of octahedral tilting all along two perovskite main directions and to an out-of-phase along the third direction, or rhombohedral (space group R 3 ¯ c ) symmetry with octahedral tilting scheme ( a − a − a − ) yielding to out-of-phase along the three perovskite main directions. As the Ti content increases, a better matching of the (Mn/Ti)–O distances and (Mn/Ti)–O–(Mn/Ti) bond angle occurs. This phenomenon is created by an elongation of the (Mn/Ti)–O distance, as Mn 4+ is substituted by the larger ion Ti 4+ . In the whole compositional range, the symmetry-adapted to atomic displacements, responsible for the out-of-phase tilting of the (Mn/Ti)O 6 octahedra, stays active, anticipating tetragonal-to-rhombohedral phase transition. Taking in to account what has been explained above, measurements of magnetic properties show a decrease of magnetic ordering temperature when Ti content increases, which in turn leads to the diminution of the exchange interaction caused by reducing the FM coupling and the replacement of neighboring manganese Mn 3+ –O–Mn 4+ by Mn 3+ –O–Ti 4+ bonds. This phenomenon results in broadening of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition range. Further changes in magnetic properties with the increase in Ti concentration are studied.

Handling data imperfection is a crucial issue in many application domains. This is particularly true when handling imperfect data inputs in applications for Alzheimer’s patients. In this paper we first propose a typology of imperfection for data entered by Alzheimer’s patients or their caregivers in the context of these applications (mainly due to the memory discordance caused by the disease). This topology includes nine direct and three indirect imperfection types. The direct ones are deduced from the data inputs e.g. uncertainty and uselessness. The indirect imperfection types are deduced from the direct ones, e.g. the redundancy. We then propose an approach, called DBE_ALZ, that handles false data entry by estimating the believability of each data input. Based on the proposed typology, the falsity of these data is related to five imperfection types: uncertainty, confusion, typing error, wrong knowledge and inconsistency. DBE_ALZ includes a believability model that defines a set of dimensions and sub-dimensions allowing a qualitative estimation of the believability of a given data input. It is estimated based on its reasonableness and the reliability of its author. Compared to related work, the data input reasonableness is measured not only based on common-sense standard, but also based on a set of personalized assertions. The reliability of the patient is estimated based on the progression of the disease and the state of his memory at the moment of entry. However, the reliability of the caregiver is estimated based on his age and his knowledge about the data input’s field. Based on the believability model, we estimate quantitatively the believability of the data input by defining a set of metrics associated to the proposed dimensions and sub-dimensions. The measurement methods rely on probability and fuzzy set theories to reason about uncertain and imprecise knowledge (Bayesian networks and Mamdani fuzzy inference systems). Three languages are supported: English, French and Arabic. Based on the generated believability degrees, a set of decisive actions are proposed to guarantee the quality of the data inputs e.g., inferring or not based on a given data. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach in the context of the Captain Memo memory prosthesis. Finally, we discuss the encouraging results derived from the evaluation step.

International audience; Numerous studies have confirmed that Alzheimer’s patients may benefit from memory rehabilitation processes. In this context, we propose a non pharmacological training, named Autobiographical Training. It is an adaptive and accessible “Question/Answer” training. It has a purpose to stimulate the patient’s memory. It is proposed in the context of a memory prosthesis called Captain Memo. (1) Autobiographical Training do not use general facts or false examples, but it automatically propose for each user their specific questions related to his life e.g., events that he lived. (2) It adjusts automatically the level of difficulty of the generated question depending on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. (3) It supports multilingualism and multiculturalism. (4) It offers accessible user interfaces. We evaluated the accessibility and the usability of Autobiographical Training. 18 participants entered the study. The results confirmed that it is accessible and the frequent use of this training helps patients in reminding some information, in which they received the training.

International audience; In the context of a prosthesis for Alzheimer’s patient, we want to show the family and entourage tree of the patient from their saved data structured based on the PersonLink ontology. The generated graph ought to be accessible and readable to this particular user. In our previous work, we proposed our ontology visualization tool called Memo Graph. It aims to offer an accessible visualization to Alzheimer’s patient. In this paper, it is extended to address the readability requirement. The second version is based on our approach called IKIEV. It extracts instance summarizations from a given ontology and generates a set of “summary instance graphs” from the most crucial data (middle-out browsing method). The extraction and visualization processes are undertaken incrementally. First, an “initial summary instance graph” is generated, then permitting iteratively the visualization of supplementary key-instances as required. This tool is integrated in the memory prosthesis to visualize data structured using PersonLink. We discuss the reassuring results of the usability evaluation of our IKIEV approach.

International audience; In the Semantic Web field, representing and reasoning on imprecise temporal data is a common requirement. Several works exist to represent and reason on crisp temporal data in ontology; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work devoted to handle imprecise temporal data. Representing and reasoning on imprecise time intervals in OWL 2, is the problem this work is dealing with. Our approach is based only on crisp environment. First, we extend the 4D-fluents approach to represent imprecise time intervals and crisp temporal interval relations. Second, we extend the Allen’s interval algebra to propose crisp temporal relations between imprecise time intervals. We show that, unlike most related work, our temporal interval relations preserve many of the properties of the Allen’s interval algebra. Furthermore, we show how they can be used for temporal reasoning by means of a transitivity table. We experimentally infer the resulting temporal relations from the introduced imprecise time intervals via a set of SWRL rules. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of our work in the context of the Captain Memo memory prosthesis.

We report on an experimental irradiation of isolated peptides by carbon ions at the Bragg-peak energy. Collagen mimetic peptides and their noncovalent complexes undergo nondissociative ionization, but also inter- and intramolecular fragmentation induced by internal energy transfer. We also detect nondissociative proton detachment, an ion-specific process. The average amount of energy transferred by ions is similar to the case of x-ray single photoabsorption, and our results indicate that it changes with the conformation and size of a given molecular system. Our work paves the way to experimental investigation of high-energy ion collisions involving proteins and DNA strands, to investigate the role of ion kinetic energy in internal energy deposition.

International audience; the first scorpion peptide with dual disintegrin activity on α1β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Abstract: Scorpion peptides are well known for their pharmaceutical potential on different targets. These include mainly the ion channels which were found to be highly expressed in many diseases, including cancer, auto-immune pathologies and Alzheimer. So far, however, the disintegrin activity had only been characterized for snake venom molecules. Herein, we present the first short peptide, purified from the venom of Buthus occitanus tunetanus, (termed RK) able to inhibit the cell adhesion of Glioblastoma, Melanoma and Rat pheochromocytoma to different extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors. Anti-integrin antibody assay suggests that RK interacts with both α1β1 and αvβ3 with a more pronounced effect for the former. The examination of the primary structure of RK suggests the involvement of two motifs: KSS, analogue to KTS which was characterized for α1β1 Snake venom disintegrins, and ECD, analogue to RGD which was found to be active on αvβ3. To assess their roles in the disintegrin activity of RK, we conducted a computational analysis. The molecular docking study shows that RK involves mainly two segments to interact with the α1β1 integrin, but the peptide does not implicate the KSS motif in the interaction. The molecular modeling study, suggests the key contribution of the ECD segment in the interaction with αvβ3 integrin.

International audience; Internet of Things-based environments collect and generate huge amounts of data about users, their activities, and their surroundings , which can disclose some sensitive information and threaten their privacy. Hence, the user's collected and handled data by IoT-based applications need to be exploited and secured in an appropriate way to protect personal data and user's privacy. Therefore, we aim at improving the data ownership, transparency, and auditability for users. To this end, we propose an end-to-end privacy-preserving framework for the IoT data using blockchain technology. The smart contract use in our framework will hence enforce the privacy requirement compliance according to the user's (i.e., data owner) privacy preferences and end-user's (i.e., data consumer) requests. To do so, we detail the design of the system architecture by introducing its core components and functionalities and highlight through an example of how it operates in a real-world use-case.

Following the technological advances carried out recently, there was an explosion in the number of available videos and their accessibility. This was largely justified by the fall of the acquisition prices of the memory supports and the increase their capacity, which facilitated the storage of a large number of video document databases in the computer systems. To make the exploitation of these collections effective, it is necessary to install tools that facilitate access and handle them. In this paper, we propose a new approach for semantic browsing in a large video collection. Our approach is based, essentially, on a structuring of the video concepts. Indeed, a weight is calculated to measure the membership degree of a concept at different levels (context / concept / video). We developed the Video Navigation System (VINAS) to test our approach. A visual metaphor inspired by tag cloud concept is also set up in our VINAS system to help with the comprehensive semantic video browsing. A user study made on our VINAS system showed that the proposed approach can help the user with the semantic browsing in video collection.

International audience; The increasing volume of data generated by earth observation programs such as Copernicus, NOAA, and NASA Earth Data, is overwhelming. Although these programs are very costly, data usage remains limited due to lack of interoperability and data linking. In fact, multi-source and heterogeneous data exploitation could be significantly improved in different domains especially in the natural disaster prediction one. To deal with this issue, we introduce the PREDICAT project that aims at providing a semantic service-oriented platform to PREDIct natural CATastrophes. The PREDICAT platform considers (1) data access based on web service technology; (2) ontology-based interoperability for the environmental monitoring domain; (3) data integration and linking via big data techniques; (4) a prediction approach based on semantic machine learning mechanisms. The focus in this paper is to provide an overview of the PREDICAT platform architecture. A scenario explaining the operation of the platform is presented based on data provided by our collaborators, including the international intergovernmental Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS).

International audience; Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a paradigm in which the Internet of Things (IoT) concept is fused with Social Networks for allowing both people and objects to interact in order to offer a variety of attractive services and applications. However, with this emerging paradigm, people feel wary and cautious. They worry about revealing their data and violating their privacy. Without trustworthy mechanisms to guarantee the reliability of user’s communications and interactions, the SIoT will not reach enough popularity to be considered as a cutting-edge technology. Accordingly, trust management becomes a major challenge to provide qualified services and improved security. Several works in the literature have dealed with this problem and have proposed different trust-models. Nevertheless, proposed models aim to rank the best nodes in the SIoT network. This does not allow to detect different types of attack or malicious nodes. Hence, we overcome these issues through proposing a new trust evaluation model, able to detect malicious nodes, block and isolate them, in order to obtain a reliable and resilient system. For this, we propose new features to describe and quantify the different behaviors that operate in such system. We formalized and implemented a new function learned and built based on supervised learning, to analyze different features and distinguish malicious behavior from benign ones. Experimentation made on a real data set prove the resilience and the performance of our trust model.

International audience

International audience; The joint OGC and W3C standard SOSA/SSN ontology describes sensors, observations, sampling, and actuation. The W3C Thing Description ontology under development in the W3C WoT working group describes things and their interaction patterns. In this paper we are interested in combining these two ontologies for modeling Smart-Sensors. Along with basic sensors, a Smart-Sensor contains a micro-controller that can run different algorithms adapted to the context and a communicating system that exposes the Smart-Sensor on some network. For example, a smart accelerometer can be used to measure cycling cadence, step numbers or a variety of other things. The SOSA/SSN ontology is only able to model partially the adaptation capabilities of Smart-Sensors to different contexts. Thus, we design an SOSA/SSN extension, called the Semantic Smart Sensor Network (S3N) ontology. S3N answers several competency questions such as how to adapt the Smart-Sensor to the current context of use, that is to say selecting the algorithms to provide the right sensors outputs and the micro-controller capabilities.

International audience

Systems which manipulate important volumes of data need to be managed with Real-Time (RT) databases. These systems are subject to several temporal constraints related to data and to transactions. Thus, their design remains a complex task. To remedy this complexity, it is necessary to integrate design methods to support data and transactions temporal constraints. Among the design methods, those based on patterns have been widely used in several fields. However, despite their advantages, these patterns present some shortcomings. Indeed, they do not manage efficiently the patterns variability and they do not specify the pattern elements when they are instantiated. To overcome these limitations, we propose, in this paper, a new UML profile to (i) express the variability in patterns and (ii) to identify the pattern elements in its instance. Besides, in order to well-capture the knowledge of the domain, the proposed profile extends UML with concepts related to real-time databases and integrates OCL (Object Constraint Language) to enforce the variation points consistency. Finally, we give an example of a RT pattern that illustrates these UML extensions, where we implement the proposed profile and we validate the pattern diagrams using the constraints we have proposed. Keywords: UML profile, Design patterns, Object Constraint Language, Real-time database

The two-stage increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and the associated decrease in radiocarbon (14C) during the last deglaciation, are thought to have been linked to enhanced Southern Ocean upwelling and the rapid release of sequestered 14C-depleted CO2. Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), originating from the Southern Ocean, reflects variations in the Southern Ocean and, crucially, mirrors the chemical signature of upwelling deep water. However, the penetration of AAIW into the Northern Indian Ocean and its relationship with deglacial climate changes have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Here, we present the neodymium isotopic composition ( e Nd ) of mixed planktonic foraminifera from core MD77-176 from an intermediate depth in the Northern Indian Ocean to reconstruct the past evolution of intermediate water during deglaciation. The e Nd record in the Northern Indian Ocean displays two pulse-like shifts towards more radiogenic Southern Ocean values during the deglaciation, and these shifts coincide with excursions in Δ 14 C and e Nd records in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These results suggest invasion of AAIW into the Northern Hemisphere oceans associated with enhanced Southern Ocean ventilation during deglaciation. Our new e Nd record strongly supports the close linkage of AAIW propagation and atmospheric CO2 rise through Southern Ocean ventilation during deglaciation.

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and land-derived input time series were generated from the Gulf of Lions inner-shelf sediments (NW Mediterranean Sea) using alkenones and high-molecular-weight odd-carbon numbered n-alkanes (TERR-alkanes), respectively. The SST record depicts three main phases: a warm Early Holocene ( ∼ 18 ± 0.4 °C) followed by a cooling of ∼ 3 °C between 7000 and 1000 BP, and rapid warming from ∼ 1850 AD onwards. Several superimposed multi-decadal to centennial-scale cold events of ∼ 1 °C amplitude were also identified. TERR-alkanes were quantified in the same sedimentary horizons to identify periods of high Rhone River discharge and compare them with regional flood reconstructions. Concentrations show a broad increase from the Early Holocene towards the present with a pronounced minimum around 2500 BP and large fluctuations during the Late Holocene. Comparison with Holocene flood activity reconstructions across the Alps region suggests that sediments of the inner shelf originate mainly from the Upper Rhone River catchment basin and that they are primarily delivered during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).

Part 4: Data Access, Security and Privacy; International audience; Cloud computing is a new model in which computing infrastructure resources are provided as a service over the internet. Data owners can outsource their data in the cloud and benefit from on-demand high quality services. However, because cloud services and data owners are not in the same trusted domain, the outsourced data may be at risk. Therefore, data security is of critical importance in such a scenario. As a solution to this problem, data owners encrypt data before sending it to the cloud to ensure data confidentiality and cloud services decrypt it when processing queries. Such a scenario is not a suitable solution to data warehouse because of the large mass of data that will be processed. For that, this paper proposes a new schema based on the sample privacy homomorphism presented in [1]. This new schema improves the security of data warehouse hosted in the cloud, reduces storage space and processes encrypted data with minimum time complexity.

Part 5: Usability Evaluation and UI Testing; International audience; Choosing the appropriate usability evaluation methods is a key part of the usability evaluation process of interactive adaptive systems. This step needs the consideration of different factors, leading to a multi-criteria decision analysis problem. In this paper, we present a review of the main factors reported in the literature which can affect the selection of usability evaluation methods for interactive adaptive systems. Three of the most commonly used usability evaluation methods are selected and classified according to these factors. The results of this research are used by applying a decision aid method in order to guide the choice of suitable usability evaluation methods for a given adaptive system in the field of tourism.

International audience; A segmentation tool for a hadith corpus is necessary to prepare the TEI hadith encoding process. In this context, we aim to develop a tool allowing the segmentation of hadith text from Sahih al-Bukhari corpus. To achieve this objective, we start by identifying different hadith structures. Then, we elaborate an automatic processing tool for hadith segmentation. This tool will be integrated in a prototype allowing the TEI encoding process. The experimentation and the evaluation of this tool is based on Sahih al-Bukhari corpus. The obtained results were encouraging despite some flaws related to exceptional cases of hadith structure.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, the anti-inflammatory, and the antitumoral activities of the aqueous ethanolic extract fromPhoenix dactyliferaL. parthenocarpic dates. The antioxidant activity was carried using DPPH radical scavenging activity. The result showed that parthenocarpic dates had strongly scavenging activity on DPPH reaching 94% with an IC50value of 0.15 ± 0.011 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory potential was determined by the inhibitory effect of the aqueous ethanolic extract on phospholipase A2activity as well as on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. Thein vitrostudy showed that the extract inhibited the phospholipase A2activity with an IC50value of 130 μg/mL and thein vivostudy showed a significantly decrease in the paw oedema after 1 h compared to the control group. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of the aqueous ethanolic extract was assessed by MTT test against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. This extract was effective in inhibiting MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells growth with IC50values of 8 and 18 mg/mL, respectively, after 72 h treatment. These results confirm the ethnopharmacological significance ofPhoenix dactyliferaL. parthenocarpic dates, which could add support for its pharmaceutical use.

International audience; The Internet of Things (IoT) provides the opportunity to collect, process and analyze data. This opportunity helps to understand preferences and life patterns of individuals in order to offer them customized services. However, privacy has become a significant issue due to the personal nature of the knowledge derived from these data and the involved potential risks. Despite the increasing legislation pressure, few proposed solutions havedealt with the privacy requirements, such as consent and choice, purpose specification, and collection limitation. In this paper, we propose a privacy ontology in order to incorporate privacy legislation into privacy policies while considering several privacy requirements. Our proposed ontology aims both at making the smart devices more autonomous and able to infer data access rights and enforcing the privacy policy compliance atthe execution level. We implemented and evaluated our privacy ontology based on a healthcare scenario.

Depuis l’indépendance, le logement social constitue en Tunisie une dimension importante et un défi pour le maintien de la paix sociale. De ce fait, ce secteur demeurait toujours une préoccupation majeure des différentes politiques de développement adoptées. Toutefois, cette offre a été souvent destinée aux couches solvables et ignorantes la demande des couches populaires non solvables. L’insuffisance des logements pour les couches populaires en milieu urbain a fait émerger des dysfonctionnements urbains dans les villes tunisiennes. On assistait à la prolifération de l’habitat spontané, la montée de la pauvreté et l’accentuation des phénomènes de ségrégation socio-spatiale. Ceci a imposé de nouveaux défis pour la planification urbaine en Tunisie. Aujourd'hui, le développement urbain implique en premier lieu la reconnaissance des droits des couches populaires à la ville. Il s’agit de placer les besoins et les intérêts des couches vulnérables au même niveau que ceux des couches solvables au niveau des politiques d’habitat et des législations. Cependant, la Tunisie, à l’instar des pays en développement, est confrontée à une nouvelle circonstance contradictoire : d’une part, la mondialisation et son agenda néolibéral impliquant d’abandonner un certain nombre de terrains de l’action sociale, et d’autre part, la nécessité de faire face aux demandes sociales excessives induites par la révolution à travers des politiques de logement volontaristes visant notamment les couches populaires. Desde a independência, a habitação social tem sido uma dimensão importante na Tunísia e um desafio para a manutenção da paz social. Como resultado, este setor continuou sendo uma grande preocupação para as várias políticas de desenvolvimento adotadas. No entanto, esta oferta tem sido freqüentemente direcionada a camadas de demanda solvente e ignorou as camadas de demanda não solventes. Habitação insuficiente para as classes trabalhadoras nas áreas urbanas levou à disfunção urbana nas cidades tunisianas. Houve uma proliferação de habitações espontâneas, aumento da pobreza e a acentuação dos fenómenos de segregação socioespacial. Isso impôs novos desafios para o planejamento urbano na Tunísia. Hoje, o desenvolvimento urbano implica, em primeiro lugar, o reconhecimento dos direitos à cidade da classe trabalhadora. É uma questão de colocar as necessidades e interesses das camadas vulneráveis no mesmo nível que as camadas de solventes em termos de políticas de habitação e legislação. No entanto, a Tunísia, como todos os países em desenvolvimento, é confrontada com uma nova circunstância contraditória: por um lado, a globalização e sua agenda neoliberal implicando o abandono de um certo número de áreas de ação social, e por outro lado, a necessidade de lidar com as demandas sociais excessivas induzidas pela revolução por meio de políticas habitacionais voluntaristas voltadas especialmente para as classes trabalhadoras. Since independence, social housing has constituted an important dimension in Tunisia and a challenge for the maintenance of social peace. As a result, this sector remained a major concern of the various development policies adopted. However, this offer has often been aimed at the solvent and ignorant population classes. The inadequacy of housing for the lower classes in urban areas has led to urban dysfunctions in Tunisian cities. There was a proliferation of spontaneous habitat, a rise in poverty and an accentuation of the phenomena of socio-spatial segregation. This has imposed new challenges for urban planning in Tunisia. Today, urban development implies in the first place the recognition of the rights of the working classes in the city. It is a matter of placing the needs and interests of the vulnerable layers at the same level as those of the solvent layers in terms of housing policies and legislation. However, like other developing countries, Tunisia is confronted with a new contradictory circumstance: on the one hand, globalization and its neo-liberal agenda implying the abandonment of a certain number of fields of social action, and on the other hand, the need to cope with the excessive social demands induced by the revolution through voluntarist housing policies aimed in particular the working classes. It is a matter of placing the needs and interests of the vulnerable classes at the same level as those of the solvent ones in terms of housing policies and legislation.

Representing and reasoning on imprecise temporal information is a common requirement in the field of Semantic Web. Many works exist to represent and reason on precise temporal information in OWL; however, to the best of our knowledge, none of these works is devoted to represent and reason on imprecise time intervals. To address this problem, we propose a fuzzy-based approach for representing and reasoning on imprecise time intervals in ontology. Our approach is based on fuzzy sets theory and fuzzy tools and is modeled in Fuzzy-OWL 2. The 4D-fluents approach is extended, with new fuzzy components, in order to represent imprecise time intervals and qualitative fuzzy interval relations. The Allen’s interval algebra is extended in order to compare imprecise time intervals in a fuzzy gradual personalized way. Inferences are done via a set of Mamdani IF-THEN rules.

Structural, electronic, magnetic and thermodynamic main features for Ni1−xTixO ternary alloys in rock-salt structure with Ti content in the range 0≤x≤1 were studied using the full potential Lineari...

International audience; The multidimensional data model and implementations of social networks come with a set of specific constraints, such as missing data, reflexive relationship on fact instance. However, the conventional OLAP operators and existing models do not provide solutions for handling those specificities. Therefore, further efforts should be invested to extend these operators to take into consideration the specificities of multidimensional modeling of tweets and their manipulation. Face to this issue, we propose, in this paper, two new OLAP operators that enhance existing solutions for OLAP analyses involving a reflexive relationship on the fact instances. For each OLAP operator, we suggest a user-oriented definition as an algebraic formalization, along with an implementation algorithmic.

International audience; Despite the smooth weaving of the Internet-of-Things into people's daily lives, many challenges, such as diversity and multiplicity of things' development technologies and communication standards, and users' reluctance due to privacy invasion, are slowing down this weaving. This paper tackles the challenge of things' passive nature that has confined them into a data-supplier role. Empowering things with additional capabilities would make them proactive so, that, they can for instance, reach out to peers exposing collaborative attitude and (un)form dynamic communities when necessary. In this paper, this empowerment takes shape through thing agentification that relies on norms (specialized into business and social) to regulate the operations of things and commitments to ensure thing compliance with these norms. No-compliance would lead to sanctions over things, which should affect their credibility and reputation. A proof-of-concept and missing-child case study technically illustrate thing agentification.

International audience; Archeology images automatic annotation is an effective way for content based image retrieval. This paper shows the proposal of segmentation for the automatic annotation. This segmentation is based on the split method which is a technique of the hybrid approach of image segmentation. This segmentation is done by the extraction of color and of shapes component the archaeological images.

International audience; This paper presents a sparse Bayesian regularization technique for image restoration in parallel magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI). This technique is based on a hierarchical Bayesian model that solves the inverse problem of pMRI reconstruction by promoting sparsity using a Bernoulli-Laplace mixture prior. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling technique is used to numerically approximate the target posterior. Our model allows handling complex-valued data. Promising results obtained on synthetic data demonstrate the performance of the proposed sparse Bayesian restoration model to provide accurate estimation of the target images.

International audience; NoSQL document stores offer support to store documents described using various structures. Hence, the user has to formulate queries using the possible representations of the desired information from different schemas. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that enables querying operators over a collection of documents with structural heterogeneity. Our work introduces an automatic query rewriting mechanism based on combinations of elementary operators: project, restrict and aggregate. We generate a custom dictionary that tracks all representations for attributes used in the documents. Finally, we discuss the results of our approach with a series of experiments.

In the present work, we have investigated the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Pr 0.67 Ba 0.22 Sr 0.11 Mn 1-x Fe x O 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) manganites oxides. The compounds were elaborated using the conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature were used to carry out the structural properties. The magnetic and the magnetocaloric effect properties were explored using magnetization measurements at different parameters such as changing temperature or the applied magnetic field. XRD results indicate that all our compositions crystallized in the orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. Magnetic measurements as a function of temperature, M (T), under an applied magnetic field of 0.05 T show that all the synthesis compounds present a paramagnetic (PM) – ferromagnetic (FM) transition with decreasing temperature. Arrott plots analysis reveals that our materials exhibit a second order magnetic phase transition. The magnetic entropy change | Δ S M | was calculated using Maxwell relation. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change ( | Δ S M max | ) for x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and x = 0.15 are found to be 4.72, 1.90, 1.45 and 0.83 J kg −1 K −1 , respectively, which corresponds to relative cooling power (RCP) about 218, 175, 122 and 79 Jkg −1 under a magnetic field change of 5T.

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in Sr2FeMoO6 compound have been studied using the Monte Carlo simulation. Thermal magnetization and dM/dT of Sr2FeMoO6 are given. The Curie temperatures TC(K) have been obtained. The temperature dependence of the magnetic entropy for a several magnetic field have been also obtained. The field dependence of relative cooling power and magnetic hysteresis cycle of Sr2FeMoO6 have been determined for a several magnetic field and temperatures. The Sr2FeMoO6 might be a promising base for developing the new kinds of magnetic refrigerant as working materials in magnetic refrigeration technology.

International audience; Accurate numerical computation of wave traveltimes in heterogeneous media is of major interest for a large range of applications in seismics, such as phase identification, data windowing, traveltime tomography and seismic imaging. A high level of precision is needed for traveltimes and their derivatives in applications which require quantities such as amplitude or take-off angle. Even more challenging is the anisotropic case, where the general Eikonal equation is a quartic in the derivatives of traveltimes. Despite their efficiency on Cartesian meshes, finite-difference solvers are inappropriate when dealing with unstructured meshes and irregular topographies. Moreover, reaching high orders of accuracy generally requires wide stencils and high additional computational load. To go beyond these limitations, we propose a discontinuous-finite-element-based strategy which has the following advantages: (1) the Hamiltonian formalism is general enough for handling the full anisotropic Eikonal equations; (2) the scheme is suitable for any desired high-order formulation or mixing of orders (p-adaptivity); (3) the solver is explicit whatever Hamiltonian is used (no need to find the roots of the quartic); (4) the use of unstructured meshes provides the flexibility for handling complex boundary geometries such as topographies (h-adaptivity) and radiation boundary conditions for mimicking an infinite medium. The point-source factorization principles are extended to this discontinuous Galerkin formulation. Extensive tests in smooth analytical media demonstrate the high accuracy of the method. Simulations in strongly heterogeneous media illustrate the solver robustness to realistic Earth-sciences-oriented applications.

Image retrieval is an important problem for researchers in computer vision and content-based image retrieval (CBIR) fields. Over the last decades, many image retrieval systems were based on image representation as a set of extracted low-level features such as color, texture and shape. Then, systems calculate similarity metrics between features in order to find similar images to a query image. The disadvantage of this approach is that images visually and semantically different may be similar in the low level feature space. So, it is necessary to develop tools to optimize retrieval of information. Integration of vector space models is one solution to improve the performance of image retrieval. In this paper, we present an efficient and effective retrieval framework which includes a vectorization technique combined with a pseudo relevance model. The idea is to transform any similarity matching model (between images) to a vector space model providing a score. A study on several methodologies to obtain the vectorization is presented. Some experiments have been undertaken on Wang, Oxford5k and Inria Holidays datasets to show the performance of our proposed framework.

Representing and reasoning on imprecise temporal information is a common requirement in the field of Semantic Web. Many works exist to represent and reason on precise temporal information in OWL; however, to the best of our knowledge, none of these works is devoted to imprecise temporal time intervals. To address this problem, we propose two approaches: a crisp-based approach and a fuzzy-based approach. (1) The first approach uses only crisp standards and tools and is modelled in OWL 2. We extend the 4D-fluents model, with new crisp components, to represent imprecise time intervals and qualitative crisp interval relations. Then, we extend the Allen’s interval algebra to compare imprecise time intervals in a crisp way and inferences are done via a set of SWRL rules. (2) The second approach is based on fuzzy sets theory and fuzzy tools and is modelled in Fuzzy-OWL 2. The 4D-fluents approach is extended, with new fuzzy components, in order to represent imprecise time intervals and qualitative fuzzy interval relations. The Allen’s interval algebra is extended in order to compare imprecise time intervals in a fuzzy gradual personalized way. Inferences are done via a set of Mamdani IF-THEN rules., Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures, Vol 13 (2018)

International audience; Series of zircon-type LixY(PO4)1-xF4x (0 < x ≤ 0.4) solid solutions were synthesized by combination of the fluoride LiYF4 (scheelite structure) and the orthophosphate YPO4 (zircon structure) via solid state reaction method in sealed platinum tube. X-ray diffraction, MAS-NMR spectroscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the as-obtained samples. The 31P, 7Li and 19F MAS-NMR indicate a single crystallographic site for P, F and Li atoms in solid solutions for all compositions. The IR and Raman spectra of LixY(PO4)1-xF4x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) showed characteristic vibration bands assigned to the formation of PF bonds. Optical properties of Eu3+ and Tb3+ single-doped Li0.25Y(PO4)0.75F fluorophosphates were analyzed. A local symmetry lowering is confirmed for Eu3+ ions due to a fluorophosphate structural description in a monoclinic system (space group C2/m), as previously investigated by neutron diffraction on polycrystalline samples. Under UV excitation, Li0.25Y(PO4)0.75F:10%Eu3+ and Li0.25Y(PO4)0.75F:10%Tb3+ samples show characteristic orange-red and green emissions. These materials can be considered as promising phosphors for lighting devices.

Tellurium (IV) complexes with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate ligand were synthesized by slow evaporation from aqueous solutions yielding a new compound: [(C7H6NO4)2TeBr6·4H2O]. The structure of this compound was solved and refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound is centrosymmetric P21/c (N°: 14) with the parameters a = 8.875(5) A, b = 15.174(5) A, c = 10.199(5) A, β = 94.271° (5) and Z = 2. The structure consists of isolated H2O, isolated [TeBr6]2− octahedral anions and (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) [C7H6NO4]+ cations. The stability of the structure was ensured by ionic and hydrogen bonding contacts (N–H⋯Br and O–H⋯Br) and Van-Der Walls interaction. The thermal decomposition of the compound was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy at different temperatures confirm the existence of vibrational modes that correspond to the organic, inorganic and water molecular groups. Additionally, the UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum was recorded in order to investigate the band gap nature. The measurements show that this compound exhibits a semiconducting behavior with an optical band gap of 2.66 eV.

International audience; A-site deficient rare-earth (Nd, Gd, and Y) doped (Ba0.99Ca0.01)(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 ceramics (noted BCTZ) were obtained by the conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray powder diffraction experiments combined with first-order Raman scattering analysis were performed to provide detailed description of the structures with different ferroelectric/non-ferroelectric phases. Raman spectra investigations give evidence of compositional disorder as well as a significant change of polar order with the incorporation of rare-earth ions on the A-site of BCTZ lattice. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the (Ba1-xLn2x/3)0.99Ca0.01)(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 ceramics (x = 0 and x = 0.015, Ln = Nd, Gd and Y) were thoroughly investigated as a function of frequency and temperature.This work highlights and demonstrates that the diffuseness of the phase transition increases and that the relaxor behavior is intensifies with rare-earth substitution. Moreover, the transition temperature is remarkably shifted to lower temperature for doped BCTZ ceramics. In the low temperature region, slim ferroelectric hysteresis loops with a low coercive field were observed for all compositions emphasizing their soft character.

In order to obtain the DOCTORAT Informatique Par M me. WITED BAKARI AN APPROACH TO THE AUTOMATIC UNDERSTANDING OF ARAB TEXTS INTENDED FOR QUESTION-ANSWER SYSTEMS Supported on March 15, 2018, before the jury composed of: Mr. Rafik BOUAZIZ Professor of Higher Education at FSEG-Sfax President Mr. Mohamed JEMNI Professor of Higher Education at ENSI-Tunis Rapporteur Mrs. Nadia ESSOUSSI Professor of Higher Education at ISG-Tunis Rapporteur Mr Faiez GARGOURI Professor of Higher Education at ISIM-Sfax Examiner Mr Mahmoud NEJI Lecturer at FSEG-Sfax Thesis Director, Le travail de cette thèse sřinscrit dans un cadre général du traitement automatique de lalangue naturelle (TALN). Il se situe dans le contexte de la recherche dřinformations précises.Nous nous intéressons plus précisément aux systèmes de question-réponse. En effet, cettethèse a pour but de proposer une nouvelle approche pour la question-réponse arabe. Cetteapproche sera implémentée en un système de question-réponse pour lřarabe. Ce systèmeintègre des procédures de raisonnement automatique (RA) et des techniques dereconnaissance dřimplications textuelles (RTE). Pour le faire, nous nous appuyons sur desreprésentations sémantiques et logiques de la question et des passages. Ainsi, nousdéterminons lřimplication entre ces représentations logiques afin de trouver la réponseprécise.

International audience; Background: The investigation of copy number variations (CNVs) analysis of candidate genes is currently an important research area in modulating human diseases. We aimed to quantify CNVs in glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene and determine its genetic contribution in Tunisian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its subsets through an innovative technique for quantification. Methods: A total of 165 RA cases and 102 healthy controls were included in the study. Using a recently powerful approach of digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), we quantified GSTM1 gene to determine the presence of no, one, or multiple copy number (CN) at high levels of sensitivity and specificity. Odds ratio and Fisher exact test were performed to estimate the association risk for GSTM1CNVs in RA. Results: Copy number identified by ddPCR was 0, 1, and 2 copies per diploid genome. A high frequency of ‘0’ copy was revealed with 54% in RA patients. The deletion (‘0’ copy) of GSTM1 was found to be a significant risk factor for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positive RA (OR=4.16, CI95%=[1.17-14.7]). In addition, a lack of association was found when comparing between the CNVs of RA patients and those of controls. Conclusion: This study highlights the powerful accuracy of ddPCR for the quantification of CNVs and suggests that the variation in the CN of GSTM1 is associated with anti-CCP positivity in RA. However, it does not indicate a specific role in the susceptibility to the disease in our Tunisian sample. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

We show that given a Hom-Lie algebra one can construct the n-ary Hom-Lie bracket by means of an (n-2)-cochain of given Hom-Lie algebra and find the conditions under which this n-ary bracket satisfies the Filippov-Jacobi identity, there by inducing the structure of n-Hom-Lie algebra. We introduce the notion of Hom-Lie n-uplet system which is the generalization of Hom-Lie triple system. We construct Hom-Lie n-uplet system using a Hom-Lie algebra.