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Objective: This study aims to clarify the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation and regulatory roles of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Methods: We analysed the expression patterns of lncRNAs via time‐course RNA‐seq. Then, we further combined the ATAC‐seq and ChIP‐seq to investigate the governing mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs. Weighted correlation network analysis and GO analysis were conducted to identify the transcription factor (TF)‐lncRNA pairs related to skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Results: We identified 385 DE lncRNAs during C2C12 differentiation, the transcription of which is determined by chromatin states around their transcriptional start sites. The TF‐lncRNA correlation network showed substantially concordant changes in DE lncRNAs between C2C12 differentiation and satellite cell rapid growth stages. Moreover, the up‐regulated lncRNAs showed a significant decrease following the differentiation capacity of satellite cells, which gradually declines during skeletal muscle development. Notably, inhibition of the lncRNA Atcayos and Trp53cor1 led to the delayed differentiation of satellite cells. Those lncRNAs were significantly up‐regulated during the rapid growth stage of satellite cells (4‐6 weeks) and down‐regulated with reduced differentiation capacity (8‐12 weeks). It confirms that these lncRNAs are positively associated with myogenic differentiation of satellite cells during skeletal muscle development. Conclusions: This study extends the understanding of mechanisms governing transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs and provides a foundation for exploring their functions in skeletal muscle cell differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impurity segregation at grain boundary (GB) can significantly affect the mechanical behaviors of polycrystalline metal. The effect of nickel impurity segregated at Cu GB on the deformation mechanism relating to loading direction is comprehensively studied by atomic simulation. The atomic structures and shear responses of Cu Σ9(114) ⟨110⟩ and Σ9(221) ⟨110⟩ symmetrical tilt grain boundary with different quantities of nickel segregation are analyzed. The results show that multiple accommodative evolutions involving GB gliding, GB shear-coupling migration, and dislocation gliding can be at play, where for the shear of Σ9(114) ⟨110⟩ the segregated GBs tend to maintain their initial configurations and a segregated GB with a higher impurity concentration is more inclined to be a dislocation emission source while maintaining the high mechanical strength undergone plastic deformation for the shear of Σ9(221) ⟨110⟩. It is found that the nickel segregated GB exerts a cohesion enhancement effect on Cu under deformation: strong nickel segregation increases the work of separation of GB, which is proved by the first-principles calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Determination of appropriate effluent quality limits (EQL) for wastewater treatment plants in China is a complicated process involving multiple factors that need joint consideration. Based on advantages of compiling the energy and material flows as well as the emissions into air, water and soil, life cycle assessment (LCA) presents a standardized approach for evaluation of EQL alternatives. However, challenges arise when incorporating more factors is indispensable, especially for the elements concerning downstream receiving water body, official watershed planning and stakeholder's participation. To this end, an integrated LCA-based decision-support platform named HIT. WATER scheme is proposed, linking the currently available LCA system with Water Quality Model (WQM), Plackett–Burman (PB) design and Conjoint Analysis (CA). A demonstrative case study was conducted to illustrate the processing procedures. Results obtained in the current study show that the officially defined river functions and the downstream cross-section distances resulted in more significant effects on the assessment outcome than other factors such as self-purification coefficients and weighting factors. Nevertheless, the comparisons among EQL alternatives were carried out and the differences were observed, which were dynamic, varying with the changed conditions of either natural factors (e.g. downstream distances) or human factors (e.g. officially defined river functions). Quantitatively presenting the dynamic comparisons to indicate the differences among the alternatives was a principal function of the HIT. WATER scheme. In particular, the approach allows the environmental impacts of EQL examined from various perspectives, which is conducive to the preclusion of "one-size-fits-all" determination with sustainability consideration. Stakeholder's participation was achieved through a transparent decision-making process, and their selection and judgment criterion could be explicitly presented using quantitative metrics. We conclude that the HIT. WATER scheme can be applied to broader scales where the evaluation of paradigm shifts (technological advancement or effluent standard changes) in sewage systems is necessary. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • An integrated LCA-based decision-support system is established by synthesizing four modelling systems. • Wastewater discharge limits can be screened and evaluated before implemented to constrain WWTP. • Upgrading WWTP to meet stricter limits can achieve net improvement in not all cases. • Stakeholders shift their evaluation emphasis with the change of decision scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Edge enriched Au-NPs patterns were fabricated by using agarose stamps. • HNO 2 modified surfaces show high affinity to Au-NPs. • A "cylindrical droplet" model, analogous to "coffee-ring" effect, was proposed. • Au-NPs patterns serve as templates for the growth of ZnO-NRs patterns. Abstract Amino functionalized surfaces were selectively modified via the combination of a wet agarose stamping technique and microcontact printing technique. Because of the specific reaction environments and diffusion of HNO 2 confined in agarose stamp, the reaction of amino groups in the edge of the strip pattern was much more intense than other areas. The modified amino groups in the edge areas show higher affinity to Au-NPs than other areas, consequently, edge enriched Au-NPs patterns were observed after the self-assembly of Au-NPs. A "cylindrical droplet" model, in a manner analogous to "coffee-ring" effect, was proposed to describe the diffusion of HNO 2 from the bulk to the edge in agarose stamp. By using such density varied Au-NPs patterns as templates for the growth of ZnO nanorods, we observed high density of Au-NPs resulting in high density and highly (0 0 1) oriented ZnO nanorods. In contrast, sparse and non-oriented ZnO nanorods were grew on low density of Au-NPs areas. Our findings might open new routes for the fabrication of gradient patterns and extend applications of Au-NPs patterns in surface enhanced Raman scattering and catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Dynamic gas system model to model H 2 injection into gas systems for better accuracy. • Wobbe Index and Combustion Potential to measure H 2 injection impact on gas quality. • Robust optimisation to manage H 2 mix with other gases to ensure gas quality. • Liquid petroleum gas and Nitrogen for changing Wobbe Index and Combustion Potential. Abstract A large volume of wind power is curtailed worldwide due to the intermittency and limited transportation capacity of electrical power systems. New technologies, Power-to-Gas via electrolysis, can convert excessive wind power into hydrogen to be transported by natural gas systems. However, the injection of H 2 into natural gas pipelines can cause gas quality issues due to changing gas compositions. This paper investigates the impact of injecting H 2 converted from wind power on natural gas quality. Two key indexes used to measure gas quality, Wobbe Index and Combustion Potential, are introduced to examine the impact. Then, in order to bring the two indexes into acceptable statutory ranges, H 2 is mixed with Liquid Petroleum Gas and Nitrogen. A robust optimization model, considering wind power uncertainties, is thereafter developed to manage the gas mixture, maximize H 2 injection. This paper uses the dynamic gas system model to represent real-time pipeline flows, which can better reflect gas flow features over time. The proposed method is demonstrated on a small integrated gas-electricity system. Results illustrate that excessive H 2 injection will reduce Wobbe Index but increase Combustion Potential. The robust optimization approach can effectively manage the mixture while ensuring gas quality with an uncertain wind power supply. The proposed method is beneficial to reducing renewable energy curtailment and maximizing H 2 injection, benefiting electricity system operators with low operation costs and wind power more penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is severely increasing with the aging. It has been proposed that NSCs (neural stem cells) help to control aging, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Angelica polysaccharide is an active ingredient of Angelica sinensis in traditional Chinese medicine, which possesses versatile pharmacological activities including anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects. In this study, D-gal (D-galactose) was used to construct an aging model of Nestin-GFP transgenic mice brain tissues and NSCs. Mouse model was subcutaneously injected with D-gal, as we observed that mice consistently displayed acceleration of aging-like behavior change, energy metabolism decreased, the expression of aging-related genes was up-regulated. Conversely, aging retardation was achieved in Nestin-GFP mice Induced by D-gal that was locally injected with ASP (Angelica polysaccharide). Mechanistically, we isolated and cultured NSCs in vitro. ASP protected NSCs by increasing the cell proliferation; decreasing the number of SA-β-gal stained neurons; increasing the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase) and T-AOC(total antioxidant capacity), decreasing the content of MDA(malondialdehyde); decreasing the levels of IL-1b,IL-6,TNF-a and ROS; and down-regulated the expression of cellular senescence associated genes p53, p21 in the aging NSCs. In conclusion, ASP can delay aging speed by protecting NSCs and promote neurogenesis by enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, up-regulation of p53/p21 signaling pathway. As to provide theoretical basis for treatment for brain aging related diseases, add new scientific connotation for "qi and blood theory" and "supplement blood and delay aging" of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Highlights • By constructing the model of mice brain aging, we studied the mechanism of ASP retarding brain aging and aging of NSCs. • The topic explains the connotation of "supplement blood and delay aging" of Traditional Chinese Medicine. • Mechanisms that regulate NSCs aging provide an important basis for the treatment of brain aging related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present optimized physical parameters of the active eclipsing binary system USNO-B1.0 1387-0467554 discovered recently in Yunnan–Hong Kong wide-field photometric (YNHK) survey, based on the analysis of its two colour light curves and low resolution spectra obtained at Yunnan Observatories, China. Its spot distributions are derived by means of the Wilson–Devinney code, using photometric data of the YNHK survey from 2016 to 2021. There exist active longitude belts for the spot activities on the primary star, for which the effect of tidal force seems dominant comparing with the one of common magnetic field of the binary system. We have investigated its chromospheric activities through the indicators including Hα, Hβ, CaII H&K, and HeI D3 lines covered by the low resolution spectroscopic observations. There are obvious spatial correlations between the magnetic activities in its photosphere and chromosphere. The E H α/ E H β values suggest that both plages and prominences led to the emissions seen in the Balmer lines at most phases. A prominence structure appeared around the phase of 0.8 on 2018 October 25 and evolved in November and December, 2018. The spectra demonstrate that there were frequent flare events in the system. Moreover, the decay part of a white-light flare event was hunted by the YNHK survey on 2021 October 26. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lightcurves of asteroids are essential for determining their physical characteristics, including shape, spin, size, and surface composition. However, most asteroids are missing some of these basic physical parameters due to lack of photometric data. Although a few telescopes or surveys are specially designed for photometric lightcurve observations of asteroids, many ground-based and space-based sky surveys for hunting new exoplanets, transient events, etc. should capture numerous small Solar system objects. This will benefit the physical studies of these objects. In order to extract data of these moving objects from time-domain photometric surveys, we have developed a new method using the model tree algorithm in the field of machine learning. A dedicated module is built to automatically identify moving objects in data set and extract their photometric and astrometric data. As the first application of this novel method, we have analysed data in five fields of the Yunnan-Hong Kong wide field photometric (YNHK) survey, from which 538 lightcurves of 211 asteroids are successfully extracted. Meanwhile, we also tested the method based on the data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, and the result proves the reliability of our method. With derived lightcurves of 13 asteroids from the YNHK survey, we have determined their synodic spin periods, among which the periods of four asteroids are estimated for the first time. In future, we are going to apply this method to search for small objects in the outer part of the Solar system from the Chinese Space Station Telescope survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Evacuation experiments were conducted to examine the movement speed and evacuation capacity in an underwater shield road tunnel where vertical evacuation passages were installed. Behavioral results were collected through several field experiments aimed at investigating vehicle evacuations, the time required to open vertical evacuation passages, slide and stairs descending with and without counter flows. The results show that the individual movement speed in staircase was lower than the speed in slide, but the average Occupant Flow Rate (OFR) in staircase was higher than the OFR in slide. The probable reasons were discussed and analyzed. Females had worse performance when opening the exit door than males. The upstairs movement of firefighters was observed not negatively affect the evacuation performance of occupants down stairs. The replicated experiments showed that appropriate training or drills can help improve the movement speed of occupants. The results of this study will be essential to evaluate evacuation capacity and occupant behavior on stairs and slides of underwater shield tunnels. Highlights • Evacuation experiments were conducted in an actual underwater road tunnel. • Concurrent descending/ascending experiments were performed on a staircase. • Foundational experimental evacuation data were obtained in underwater road tunnels. • Differences in evacuation behavior were explained in different vertical exits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Downbursts wind are believed to be responsible for most of weather-related transmission line failures worldwide. Based on a theoretical model of a hinged single-span transmission line structure under moving downbursts, this paper studies downburst -induced vibration of a multi-span transmission line-insulator system (MSTLIS). Firstly, a nonlinear analytical framework for quasi-static responses of the MSTLIS under moving downbursts is established, and linearized equations of the MSTLIS under moving downbursts with time-varying mean wind speeds are derived. Then, the influence line functions of the insulator tension and displacement of the MSTLIS are derived, based on which the quasi-static responses of the MSTLIS under fluctuating wind is calculated. A case study on a six-span transmission line-insulator subsystem is conducted. The proposed nonlinear analytical model and the approximate linearization approach is verified by finite element model (FEM) results. The proposed analytical framework with linear approximation is accurate and more efficient than FEM, and hence has a great potential for real application. • An analytical framework for quasi-static responses of the transmission lines under moving downbursts is established. • Approximate linearized longitudinal stiffness is used to develop a more efficient tension under time-varying mean wind. • The linearized influence line functions of the insulator tension and displacement under fluctuating wind are derived. • The proposed analytical framework with linear approximation is accurate and more efficient than finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optimal energy-reserve scheduling model of wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen integrated energy systems (WPH-IES) with multi-type energy storage devices including electric, thermal and hydrogen is presented in this paper. The chance-constrained programming (CCP) theory is utilized to model the impact of renewable and load uncertainties on reserve constraints. Considering the non-convex of proposed CCP model, an improved discretized step transformation (DST) method is proposed to transform the CCP problem into a solvable mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. In addition, a critical threshold value selection approach is developed to reduce the number of constraints and improve solution efficiency. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed energy-reserve model can reduce the total operating cost on the premise of ensuring the safety of system operation. The combined improved DST and critical threshold value selection method can reduce computational burden and improve the accuracy of scheduling results. • An optimal energy-reserve scheduling model of WPH-IES is proposed. • The multi-type energy storage devices are considered. • An improved discretized step transformation method is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An edge site-rich NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs heterojunction catalyst was developed via etching. • The etching regulated the electronic and geometric structure of NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs. • NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs delivered eximious catalytic activity and stability for HER and OER. • The electrolyzer assembled with NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs presented outstanding performance. Boosting the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) on MoS 2 -based catalysts is a challenging scientific issue due to the activity of MoS 2 is significantly rely on the edge site which is limited in regular structure. Herein, a highly dispersed edge site-rich NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs heterojunction catalyst is successfully developed via facile etching the nanoflower-like NiS 2 /MoS 2 spheres on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Through expanding the lattice spacing of 2H-MoS 2 , generating abundant Mo-S edge sites (i.e. generating a large number of unsaturated S atoms) together with enhancing the dispersity of NiS 2 /MoS 2 nanosheets, the etching posttreatment significantly regulates the electronic and geometric structure of NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs. Further combining the extremely intimate electronic interaction between MoS 2 /NiS 2 heterogeneous interfaces, the optimal NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs presents a preeminent alkali water splitting performance with overpotentials of 149 for HER and 315 mV for OER at 10 mA cm−2, which are 29 and 35 mV lower than the catalyst before etch treatment (NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs-p), respectively. Moreover, the electrolyzer assembled with NiS 2 /MoS 2 /CNTs drives a voltage of 1.73 V at 10 mA cm−2 and a continuous stable operation of 50 h toward overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large load and poor heat dissipation of moon rock core drilling leads to the difficulty of rock breaking and low drilling and sampling efficiency. As a new auxiliary rock breaking method, laser rock breaking is expected to be applied to perturbation sampling in lunar rock drilling. Revealing the fracture characteristics and mechanism of rock under laser irradiation is an important basis for realizing laser-assisted lunar rock sampling. Basalt was used as simulated lunar rock sample, and its mechanical response characteristics under laser irradiation were analyzed from macro to micro point of view, and the failure law under different laser power and different irradiation time was explored. The results show that the failure of the sample under laser irradiation is mainly characterized by local rock melting and dynamic crack propagation, and the surface temperature of the sample follows the characteristics of Gaussian distribution. The laser power has a greater influence on the degree of rock weakening than the irradiation time. Laser irradiation of rocks can significantly reduce rock strength, and has obvious effects on improving rock breaking efficiency and reducing in situ disturbance. It is expected to provide theoretical and technical support for assisting lunar rock drilling and sampling in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of sensors in the aerospace industry are mostly concentrated in the middle and high frequencies, and low-frequency sensors often face the problems of low power and short working bandwidth. A lightweight, thin, high-power, low-frequency broadband transducer based on giant magnetostrictive material is designed. The design and optimization processes of the core components are introduced and analyzed emphatically. The finite element simulation results are validated by the PSV-100 laser vibration meter. Three basic configurations of the work panel are proposed, and the optimal configuration is determined by modal, acoustic, and vibration coupling analyses. Compared with the original configuration, it is found that the lowest resonant frequency of the optimal configuration is reduced by 24.6% and the highest resonant frequency within 2000 Hz is 1744.9 Hz, which is 54.2% higher than that of the original configuration. This greatly improves the vibration power and operating frequency range of the transducer. Then, the honeycomb structure is innovatively applied to the work panel, and it is verified that the honeycomb structure has a great effect on the vibration performance of the work panel. By optimizing the size of the honeycomb structure, it is determined that the honeycomb structure can improve the vibration power of the work panel to its maximum value when the distance between the half-opposite sides of the hexagon is H = 3.5 mm. It can reduce the resonant frequency of the work panel; the lowest resonant frequency is reduced by 12.8%. At the same time, the application of a honeycomb panel structure can reduce the weight of the transducer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Mulisan decoction (MLS) is a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine for treating hyperhidrosis. The mechanism remains unclear. Context: Mulisan decoction (MLS) is a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine for treating hyperhidrosis. The mechanism remains unclear. Materials and methods: Fifty rats were divided into control, model, and three doses of MLS intervention groups (n=10). Rats except for control group were induced diseases features of the applicable scope of MLS via i.p. reserpine (0.5 mg/kg/d) for 10 days. From day 11, MLS groups were administrated orally MLS at 0.6, 3, and 15 g/kg once a day for 14 days, respectively. After the last administration, sweating was induced in all rats via s.c. pilocarpine (25 mg/kg), the right hind foot of rats was stained, and sweat point numbers were observed. Rat serum was collected to detect IL-2, IL-6, IFN-c, and TNF-a. Rat plasma was collected for endogenous metabolite analysis via UPLC-QE-Focus-MS. Results: Rats treated with MLS presented a significant decrease in sweat point numbers (13.5%), increase in body weight (13.2%), and promotion in the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio via increasing IL-2 (38.3%), IFN-c (20.1%), and TNF-a (22.0%) and decreasing IL-6 (24.7%) compared with the model group (p<0.05). Plasma metabolomics disclosed 15 potential biomarkers related to model rats, of which two could be significantly reversed by MLS (p<0.05). The involved pathways were pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and porphyrin metabolism. Conclusions: MLS demonstrated a good antiperspirant effect and metabolism improvement. These findings inspire more clinical study validation on immune improvement and antiperspirant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are running a wide field photometric survey under the collaboration between Yunnan Observatories and Hong Kong Astronomical Society with a Centurion 18‐inch telescope at the Lijiang station of Yunnan Observatories, China. Its scientific goals are discovering new transiting exoplanetary systems and other types of variable stars, and studying asteroids of the solar system. The survey was designed to monitor several fixed sky areas through time series photometry with short cadences. Since 2016, numerous observing data have been accumulated and reduced by means of dedicated pipelines to deliver the light curves for tens of thousands objects, which are cross‐matched through the Carlsberg Meridian Catalog 15 or USNO‐B1.0 catalog. Systematic errors and trends that existed in the raw photometric results are simulated through selected reference stars and then removed to improve signal‐to‐noise ratios of the light curves, which is crucial to detect weak signals like exoplanet transits and other variable stars of low amplitudes in brightness variations. The final data products own the photometric precision better than 0.01 magnitude for stars brighter than 13.8 magnitude in the V band. By means of generalized Lomb–Scargle, phase dispersion minimization, and box‐fitting least squares techniques, we have already identified about a thousand of variable stars from the survey, including transiting exoplanet candidates, spotted stars, eclipsing binaries, pulsating stars, and so on. In addition, we have also captured around a thousand of asteroids of the solar system in the survey fields and produced their light curves due to spins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, crystallization-driven coassembly of micrometric polymer single crystals and nanometric block copolymer micelles was achieved. The hybrid single crystals are first formed by cocrystallization of polyethylene (PE) homopolymer and polyethylene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PE-b-PtBA) block copolymer (BCP) in DMF or DMF/o-xylene mixed solvent. The morphology of the obtained hybrid single crystals can be regulated via changing the solvent composition, crystallization temperature and mass ratio of BCP/homopolymer. Because of the difference in crystallization rate, the distribution of PE-b-PtBA BCP in the hybrid single crystals may be inhomogeneous, leading to a concave gradient surface structure. The hybrid single crystals have a double-layer structure, in which PE homopolymer chains adopt extended conformation and the PE blocks in PE-b-PtBA are probably once-folded. After the PE homopolymer is consumed, cylindrical micelles of PE-b-PtBA can further epitaxially grow on the lateral surface of the hybrid single crystals and "ciliate paramecium-like" coassemblies are yielded. The single crystal/micelles coassemblies can be prepared either by one-step method, in which PE and PE-b-PtBA are added together in a single step, or by two-step method, in which the hybrid single crystals are prepared in the first step and extra PE-b-PtBA is added in the second step to grow BCP micelles. This work provided a simple route to construct hierarchical assemblies composed of objects with different scales by using crystallization as the key driving force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, fresh-cut (FC) mango cubes were treated with cold plasma (CP) at 75 kV for 3 min using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) generator and then stored at 15 °C for 4 d to simulate a shelf life, during which the quality parameters and related physiological metabolisms were evaluated. The results showed that CP treatment effectively delayed the declines in organoleptic and nutritional qualities in FC mangoes, as manifested by higher retentions of chromaticity parameters (L *, a * and b *), firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC/TA ratio and carotenoids content in CP-treated samples during storage. CP treatment repressed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (O 2 -. and H 2 O 2) and reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), thus reducing oxidative damage to FC mangoes. Inhibition of browning-related phenolic oxidation, as demonstrated by higher contents of total phenolics and flavonoids accompanied by lower activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), was noted in CP-treated FC mangoes compared to control FC fruit. CP treatment also maintained antioxidant capacity in stored FC mangoes by increasing the contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, CP treatment markedly inhibited the growth of total microbial counts, thus contributing to the improvement of edible safety in FC mangoes. The results suggest that CP treatment could be a promising preservation technology for improving the quality and extending the shelf life of FC mango fruit. • Cold plasma (CP) maintains sensory and nutritional quality in fresh-cut (FC) mangoes. • CP inhibits the ROS generation and membrane lipid peroxidation in FC mangoes. • CP reduces phenolics oxidation while enhances the antioxidant capacity in FC mangoes. • CP inhibits the growth of total microbial counts in FC mangoes. • CP may be an effective technology for extending the shelf life of FC products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A data generation model for data imputation and data augmentation is proposed. • A short-term EV load forecasting model based on LSTM with a novel gating mechanism is proposed. • The prediction results of EV load data with different qualities are compared. The accurate prediction of electric vehicles (EVs) load is the research basis for evaluating the impact of EVs on the power grid and optimizing the operation of the power grid. However, because the accumulated data of the newly operated EV charging stations are scarce, it is very challenging to use scarce data to obtain accurate prediction results. On the one hand, the missing values and outliers in the scarce dataset have a greater impact on the prediction results. On the other hand, a model with high accuracy cannot be trained using scarce datasets. To obtain accurate EV prediction results based on scarce datasets, a data generation method based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed. The proposed model is used to alleviate the influence of low-quality EVs load datasets on the prediction results. In addition, the performance of the prediction model is critical for improving the accuracy. In this study, a new gating mechanism called the Mogrifier is adopted in the long short-term memory (LSTM) network to improve its performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inner doubly iterative efficient algorithm (IDEAL), an advanced fully implicit algorithm for solving the pressure-velocity coupling problem, lacks a comprehensive implementation procedure on commonly used collocated unstructured grids. Therefore, this study provides a thorough demonstration of the fundamental principles, solving procedures, discretizations of momentum and pressure equations, Rhie-Chow interpolation implementation, mass continuity processing, and boundary condition treatment associated with the IDEAL algorithm on a collocated unstructured grid. Additionally, a comparative analysis between the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations (SIMPLE) and the IDEAL algorithm is conducted concerning computational efficiency under different grid types and flow conditions. The results indicate a significantly higher computational efficiency achieved by the IDEAL algorithm across all tested cases, attributed to its ability to overcome two fundamental assumptions inherent in the SIMPLE algorithm. The average acceleration ratio for these cases is approximately 3.13 (tSIMPLE/tIDEAL). This study serves as a valuable reference for the further development and application of the IDEAL algorithm in solving flow problems with complex irregular domains discretized by unstructured grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fermentation mechanism was studied by metabolomics and transcriptomics. • Arginine may be an important metabolite in hypersaline fermentation environments. • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens responds to salt stress via an active response system. • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has potential in high salt fermented foods. Pixian broad bean paste is a renowned fermented seasoning. The fermentation of broad bean is the most important process of Pixian broad bean paste. To enhance the flavor of tank-fermented broad bean paste, salt-tolerant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain was inoculated, resulting in an increase in total amount of volatile compounds, potentially leading to different flavor characteristics. To investigate the fermentation mechanism, monoculture simulated fermentation systems were designed. Metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to explore Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ' transcriptional response to salt stress and potential aroma production mechanisms. The results highlighted different metabolite profiles under salt stress, and the crucial roles of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, reaction system, transportation system in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ' hypersaline stress response. This study provides a scientific basis for the industrial application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and new insights into addressing the challenges of poor flavor quality in tank fermentation products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources leads to a higher demand for flexible balancing service in the power system. Consequently, demand-side management techniques, such as utilizing flexible resources from residential electric-heating loads, provide a promising solution. However, due to various uncertainties such as stochastic weather and market prices, it is challenging to develop an economically efficient strategy. Hence, this paper proposes an economic operation optimization approach for residential electric-heating loads to develop optimal bidding and scheduling strategy in the multi-stage market. First, the dynamic characteristics of aggregated electric-heating loads are modeled as the virtual energy storage systems (VESS) to quantify the flexibility potential arising from the combination of building thermal inertia, user tolerance and thermal energy storage (TES). Subsequently, the joint energy and balancing service market is introduced to exploit the operating flexibility of VESS. A multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) optimization framework is proposed to address the multi-objective problem at different decision frequency, which involves achieving lower economic costs while maintaining indoor comfort. Finally, we combine the DRL with imitation learning (IL) by introducing the behavior cloning mechanism to mitigate training process instability. It reduces the computational costs and eliminates the need for redundant additional structure. Comparative simulation experiments demonstrate the efficiency of data-driven optimization approach, which provides an adaptive, economic cost-effective and general solution for multi-type aggregators to activate their flexibility in dynamic markets. • The dynamic flexibility edge of electric-heating loads is quantified as VESS. • The MADRL is introduced to solve the optimization problem in multi-timescale market. • The IL is integrated to DRL to accelerate and smooth training process. • The proposed approach provides a general solution for multi-type LA strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chilling injury (CI) is a bottleneck factor constraining the refrigeration and cold chain logistics of mango fruit. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an important phytohormone that can regulate multiple abiotic stresses. This study evaluated the potential effects of MeJA on CI in 'Guifei' mango fruit stored at 4 °C and its underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of antioxidation and energy status. The application of 50 µM MeJA mitigated CI symptoms and improved ripening-related quality during refrigeration, as indicated by a lowered CI index, retarded declines in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and chromaticity L * and advanced color transformation (from green to yellow), softening and accumulation of soluble solids. MeJA treatment repressed the increases in relative conductivity (RC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (O 2 -. and H 2 O 2). Reduced ROS generation in MeJA-treated fruit was a consequence of the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Ultrastructural observation revealed that MeJA treatment protected mitochondrial structure. MeJA treatment promoted intracellular energy synthesis and utilization, as indicated by increments in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (iATP) level, activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase as well as contents of reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH 2). In addition, the expression levels of genes (MiAPYs , MiENTs , MiPUPs and MiAPRTs) related to extracellular ATP (eATP) hydrolysis, eATP transport and iATP regeneration were upregulated in response to MeJA, contributing to maintenance of eATP/iATP homeostasis. These findings suggest that MeJA could reinforce cold tolerance in mango fruit by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting energy metabolism. • Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) relieved chilling injury in mango fruit during cold storage. • MeJA increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in mango fruit. • MeJA protected mitochondrial structure and promoted energy synthesis in mango fruit. • MeJA enhanced activities of mitochondrial H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in mango fruit. • MeJA maintained eATP/iATP homeostasis by regulating iATP salvage pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of the conventional friction pendulum isolator (FPI) is limited in complex geographical environments and unpredictable earthquake events due to its complex frictional properties and the requirement for a unified setup target. With a view to addressing the aforementioned issues, in conjunction with an adaptive variable friction pendulum isolator (AVFPI), a simple and practical mechanical model is proposed. After applying the mechanical model with a friction-dependent influence model, an improved response spectrum analysis procedure (IRS) is proposed for variable friction pendulum isolation systems. Notably, the proposed procedure allows for the consideration of the effects of variations in velocity, temperature, and pressure on the friction characteristics without the necessity for nonlinear response history analysis (NRHA). The procedure commences with obtaining a numerical model of friction dependency through friction material examinations, then proceeds to verifying the reliability of both the friction dependency and mechanical model through prototype tests of AVFPIs. The following study presents a proposed correction method that depends on random vibration theory to establish a functional relationship between the pseudo-velocity spectrum and the velocity spectrum. Additionally, an association is established between the peak velocity and the generation of frictional heat. Finally, the procedure is evaluated based on the results of an NRHA that takes friction dependence into account through a numerically variable friction pendulum isolation system. The results of the study indicate that the IRS provides a more accurate and secure assessment of the isolator displacement at various temperatures than the response spectrum method, which does not account for the influence of frictional dependency. The failure to consider the influence of friction dependency in high-temperature environments produces an underestimation of isolator slip displacement and a subsequent increase in failure rates. The Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) friction materials that are currently in widespread use exhibit a strong correlation with friction dependence and, as a consequence, cause relatively large displacements at temperatures that are both low and high. The results of this study present an opportunity to expand how response spectrum analysis techniques can be applied to friction pendulum isolation systems. • A simplified mechanical hysteresis model for adaptive variable friction pendulum isolators is proposed. • A new friction material was tested and the velocity, pressure stress and temperature dependence expressions were obtained for the new friction material. • An expression for the friction coefficient of an adaptive variable friction pendulum isolator that takes into account the effects of velocity, pressure stress, and temperature dependence during nonlinear response history analysis is presented. • An improved method for analysing the response spectrum of variable friction pendulum isolation systems is proposed. Notably, the proposed procedure allows the consideration of the effects of velocity, temperature and pressure variations on the friction characteristics without the necessity to proceed to a nonlinear response history analysis (NRHA). • In the improved method of response spectrum analysis of variable friction pendulum isolation system, based on the correction method of stochastic vibration theory, the functional relationship between the pseudo velocity spectrum and the velocity spectrum is established, and a simplified calculation method for calculating frictional heat by peak velocity response is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive fungicide residues in crops threaten food safety, and may initiate oxidative stress and cause phytotoxicity to products. Melatonin (Mel), a pleiotropic bioactive molecule, plays multiple physiological functions in plants. In this study, utilizing postharvest dipping with Mel and fungicide prochloraz (Pcz) as the model, we explored the effect of Mel on Pcz-triggered toxification and its underlying physiological mechanism in 'Guifei' mango fruit during storage at 25 °C. Results showed that pretreatment with 1 mmol L−1 Mel before exposure to 1.2 g L−1 Pcz (Mel + Pcz) reduced Pcz residues by 15.1% and 30.7% in mango fruit at 4 and 8 d, respectively, while ameliorating phytotoxicity to a greater extent than Pcz treatment alone. Microscopic observation revealed that Mel alleviated Pcz-triggered damage to lenticels on fruit exocarp tissue. Mel appreciably repressed Pcz-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by lower levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, damaged DNA and carbonylated proteins and good maintenance of membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential in Mel + Pcz fruit. Moreover, Pcz-induced increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase), levels of ascorbate-glutathione cycle components and activities of pesticide degradative enzymes (cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase and glycosyltransferase) were further amplified after treatment with Mel + Pcz, which contributed to a stronger detoxification capacity in mango fruit. The study might provide a strategy for diminishing fungicide residues and attenuating phytotoxicity in postharvest fruits. • Melatonin (Mel) reduced prochloraz (Pcz) residues and alleviated toxicity in mangoes. • Mel attenuated Pcz-induced oxidative stress by activating antioxidant system in mangoes. • Mel promoted the increase in pesticide degradative enzyme activities in mangoes. • Mel could be a promising agent to detoxify fungicide in harvested mango fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the restricted and complementary relationship of the principle and secondary indexes, providing the description of the compound quantification of the fuzzy number, and analyzing the essential characteristic of fuzzy decision, we propose a kind of fuzzy genetic algorithm based on the principle index (PO-FGA for short) to deal with the fuzzy optimization and programming problems with fuzzy coefficients, fuzzy variables and fuzzy constraints. The concrete solution method is presented in accordance with the strategy of the unconditional penality transformation with conditional constrains. Then consider its convergence by using Markov chain theory and analyze its performance through two examples. All these indicate that this kind of algorithm is of faster speed of convergence, smaller number of iterations, has lower chances of trapping into the state of premature convergence and can be widely used in many problems of optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammalian Y chromosome offers a unique perspective on the male reproduction and paternal evolutionary histories. However, further understanding of the Y chromosome biology for most mammals is hindered by the lack of a Y chromosome assembly. This study presents an integrated in silico strategy for identifying and assembling the goat Y‐linked scaffolds using existing data. A total of 11.5 Mb Y‐linked sequences were clustered into 33 scaffolds, and 187 protein‐coding genes were annotated. We also identified high abundance of repetitive elements. A 5.84 Mb subset was further ordered into an assembly with the evidence from the goat radiation hybrid map (RH map). The existing whole‐genome resequencing data of 96 goats (worldwide distribution) were utilized to exploit the paternal relationships among bezoars and domestic goats. Goat paternal lineages were clearly divided into two clades (Y1 and Y2), predating the goat domestication. Demographic history analyses indicated that maternal lineages experienced a bottleneck effect around 2,000 YBP (years before present), after which goats belonging to the A haplogroup spread worldwide from the Near East. As opposed to this, paternal lineages experienced a population decline around the 10,000 YBP. The evidence from the Y chromosome suggests that male goats were not affected by the A haplogroup worldwide transmission, which implies sexually unbalanced contribution to the goat trade and population expansion in post‐Neolithic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water system management problem has been widely investigated. However, the interdependencies between water and energy systems are significant and the effective co-optimization is required considering strong interconnections. This paper proposes a two-stage distributionally robust operation model for integrated water-energy nexus systems including power, gas and water systems networked with energy hub systems at a distribution level considering wind uncertainty. The presence of wind power uncertainty inevitably leads to risks in the optimization model. Accordingly, a coherent risk measure, i.e., conditional value-at-risk, is combined with the optimization objective to determine risk-averse operation schemes. This two-stage mean-risk distributionally robust optimization is solved by Bender's decomposition method. Both the day-ahead and real-time operation cost are minimized with an optimal set of scheduling the multi-energy infrastructures. Case studies focus on investigating the strong interdependencies among the four interconnected energy systems. Numerical results validate the economic effectiveness of IES through optimally coordinating the multi-energy infrastructures. The proposed model can provide system operators a powerful two-stage operation scheme to minimise operation cost under water-energy nexus considering risk caused by renewable uncertainties, thus benefiting customers with lower utility bills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve low-carbon operation optimization of integrated electricity gas network (IEGN) system with uncertainty, a two-stage stochastic decentralized low-carbon economic scheduling model and its solution method for multi-region interconnection is proposed. Firstly, an IEGN operation cost model considering the stepped carbon emission cost and the benefits of P2G's participation in carbon market transactions is constructed, considering demand-side management (DSM) with user satisfaction and degree of regulation. Secondly, multi-region interconnection is served to overcome single-region space-time limitations with the multi-energy flow, regional decoupling is realized by copying multi-region IEGN boundary nodes, and the scenario method is used to quantify the output uncertainty of IEGN. Hence, a two-stage stochastic optimal scheduling model of multi-region IEGN is established. Then, an improved successive linearization method is proposed for the non-convex transformation. Considering the decentralized autonomy and information privacy of different decision-makers, a decentralized optimization model is established, and the synchronous alternating direction multiplier method (synchronous-ADMM) based on nested improved successive linearization is introduced for the iterative solution. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by comparing and analyzing the simulation results of multi-region IEGN under different scenarios and scheduling strategies. • A cooperative low-carbon economic dispatching model for multi-region IEGN is proposed. • Resource uncertainty, DSM and the inter-regional collaboration capacity are considered. • The parallel S-ADMMA algorithm could improve the computational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An optimal planning model for investing ES is established. • A matching degree model is designed for selecting retailers to share ES. • Output ratio of ES and the contribution degree of an retailer are modeled. With the rapid development of energy storage (ES) technology, it has gradually become a vital facility to cope with the intermittent renewable generation and reduce the users' electricity purchase cost. However, the limited application of the ES has suffered from its high capital cost. This paper proposes an approach of optimal planning the shared energy storage based on cost-benefit analysis to minimize the electricity procurement cost of electricity retailers. First, the multi-time scale electricity purchase model is established. Then the retailers are screened and classified based on the proposed matching degree function to select the collective of retailers, which maximizes the profits of planning the shared ES. The life cycle cost model and the equivalent cycle life method are used to evaluate the benefit of investing the shared ES. The benefit distribution among the collective is conducted based on the contribution degree of each retailer. In the case study, the optimization results of the shared ES for high-matching and low-matching groups are compared in detail. The simulation results illustrate that the costs are reduced by 8.83% and 8.03% respectively for the two groups of electricity retailers by the proposed approach. Results also verify that ES can effectively reduce the cost of retailers, and high matching degree can be used as the selection criterion to obtain a greater benefit of the shared ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity network is leading to a low carbon future with high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). However, it is extraordinarily difficult to acquire detailed information on regional EV electrification with an incomplete monitoring system for network operators. In this study, a flexible graph signal processing (GSP)-based non-intrusive monitoring on aggregated EVs is proposed to enhance the EVs visibility for operating power system safely and cost-efficiently. It can deduce the individual EV charging status with the highest possibility iteratively from the limited dataset using a GSP-based possibility calculation after processing a daytime EV characteristic charging patterns. The experiment is developed with realistic EV charging datasets collected in London, and the results show the daily EVs number in a specific region of 500 EVs daily aggregation can be estimated efficiently with an around 4.77% value of relative mean absolute deviation applying the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper selection of electric vehicle (EV) path will be helpful to improving the travel efficiency of EV users and alleviate their difficulties in charging during peak hours. In this context, a personalized fast-charging navigation strategy based on mutual effect of dynamic queuing is proposed. First, an effective charging navigation system is presented to enable the integration of EV information terminals, fast-charging stations (FCSs), intelligent transportation system, and information processing center (IPC). Next, by incorporating the real-time mutual effect of dynamic queuing as well as considering the priority reservation cost of the EV drivers who reserve charging priority before others, a dynamic reservation-waiting queue model is established. After that, on the basis of the above model, the coupling relations of the criteria that may affect the charging experience are investigated for the first time and the charging navigation plans in IPC are optimized for diverse EVs. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by conducting the simulation under the participation of 2250 EVs in the urban areas of a city. Results show that the proposed charging strategy will increase charging satisfaction on average by more than 10.9% in all analyzed cases. Additionally, the navigation can save the charging cost of EV owners while also improve the operation efficiency of FCSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To demonstrate the effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Subsequently, a rational mechanism for the detection of Rg1 which affects mesenchymal stem cell differentiation was explored. Methods. Flow cytometry is used for cell identification. The differentiation ability of hBM-MSCs was studied by differentiation culture. SA-β-gal staining is used to detect cell senescence levels. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to determine protein expression levels. RT-qPCR is used to detect mRNA expression levels. Results. Rg1 regulates the differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Differentiation culture analysis showed that Rg1 promoted cells to osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Western blot results showed that Rg1 regulated the overactivation of the β-catenin signaling pathway and significantly adjusted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β. GSK-3β inhibitor (Licl) significantly increased Rg1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3β, which in turn reduced Rg1-induced differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Conclusion. Ginsenoside Rg1 can reduce the excessive activation of the Wnt pathway in senescent cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and regulate the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) have received significant attention in recent years. The high penetration of EVs increased the charging load in the distribution network, which has an enormous impact on "transportation and power grid" coupled energy networks. This paper developed the models and methods to evaluate the capacity of electrical energy supply based on voltage stability in the worst charging case scenario, under the existing coupled network. An optimization method with transportation network constraints is proposed to find the worst charging case scenario. In addition, the mobility of EVs is considered to calculate the load margin and the maximum number of EVs charging that a given grid can support in the critical situation. The method and model are simulated by test cases, which provide a perspective for realizing the EVs integration capacity limitation in urban areas considering the coupling relationship between transportation and power grids. Finally, the impact of charging location and route choice in the voltage margin limitation is emphasized. • A model for generating the worst charging scenario is proposed. • A voltage stability analysis considering EVs' integration is proposed. • The transportation and power grid are coupled and modeled. • The allowable maximum number of EVs is calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectively using complementary property of various renewable energy sources by an integrated generation system is a concerned study. Considering the uncertainty of PV, spot price and load, the sizing of integrated generation system with combined market operation is a difficult problem. Based on the above uncertain factors, the sizing method of hydro-PV-pumped storage integrated generation system is proposed in this paper. The output characteristic model is established by utilizing the wide range of hydropower output and flexible schedulability of pumped storage. Then, the volatility ratio of the power exchange curve and load tracking coefficient are the evaluation index of the complementary effect, which ensures the stable and smooth output curve. Further, the uncertainty models of PV, spot price and load are established, considering that, the operation of the power generation system is optimized in the day-ahead market, and the predictive deviation of PV and load is balanced in a real-time market. Based on the above factors, the sizing model of the hydro-PV-pumped storage integrated energy system was proposed based on economics and complementary index. Finally, a case study was undertaken, the sensitivity analysis of the economy and complementarity indices was carried out, as the complementarity index is improved, the economy would be down. Further, the optimal sizing of hydro-PV-pumped storage integrated generation system was obtained, hydropower was a total of 165 MW, PV was 100 MW and pumped storage was 50 MW, that could ensure the economy while meeting the complementary index, the effectiveness of the model proposed was verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the image quality (IQ) and diagnostic value of 70 kVp turbo high-pitch coronary CT angiography (THP-CCTA) using automated tube voltage selection (ATVS) and 30 mL of low-concentration contrast agent.Methods: Patients who underwent 70 kVp THP-CCTA using ATVS with 30 mL of contrast agent (group A) were prospectively enrolled, and those who underwent conventional CCTA (100/120 kVp, prospective sequential mode with 65-75 mL of contrast agent) (group B) were retrospectively selected for study. IQ was assessed subjectively on a 5-point scale, and diagnostic value was assessed based on invasive coronary angiography as the gold standard. Heart rate (HR), HR fluctuation (HRF), body mass index (BMI), effective radiation dose (ED), and iodine uptake (IU) were recorded.Results: A total of 796 patients (398/398 in groups A/B) were included. Between-group differences in age, gender, BMI, HR, HRF, and IQ values were not significant. The ED/IU values were 0.3 ± 0.1 mSv/9.0 ± 0.0 g and 5.8 ± 1.8 mSv/22.9 ± 1.0 g in groups A and B, respectively (p < 0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of THP-CCTA for the diagnosis of ≥ 50% stenosis were 94.8%, 97.5%, 92.0%, 98.4%, and 96.9% respectively. The mean HR and coronary calcium score were independent predictors of diagnostic image quality, and the best cutoff values were 71.5 bpm and 444.1 respectively.Conclusion: This third-generation dual-source CT imaging modality, a 70-kVp THP-CCTA system using ATVS with 30 mL of low-concentration contrast agent, produces high-quality images with high diagnostic accuracy for significant stenosis, with ultra low ED and IU. This technique was most promising in individuals with an HR < 71.5 bpm and coronary calcium score < 444.1.Key Points: • Turbo high-pitch CCTA using 70 kVp via automated tube voltage selection and 30 mL of low-concentration contrast agent is feasible. • This protocol provides high diagnostic accuracy for significant coronary stenosis and reduces radiation doses and iodine uptake significantly. • This protocol was most promising in individuals with an HR < 71.5 bpm and coronary calcium score < 444.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy hub is a powerful conceptualization of how to acquire, convert, and distribute energy resources in the smart city. However, uncertainties such as intermittent renewable energy injection present challenges to energy hub optimization. This paper solves the optimal energy flow of adjacent energy hubs to minimize the energy costs by utilizing the flexibility of energy resources in a smart city with uncertain renewable generation. It innovatively models the power and gas flows between hubs using chance constraints, thus permitting the temporary overloading acceptable on real energy networks. This novelty not only ensures system security but also helps reduce or defer network investment. By restricting the probability of chance constraints over a specific level, the energy hub optimization is formulated as a multiperiod stochastic problem with the total generation cost as the objective. Cornish–Fisher expansion is utilized to incorporate the chance constraints into the optimization, which transforms the stochastic problem into a deterministic problem. The interior-point method is then applied to resolve the developed model. The proposed chance-constrained optimization is demonstrated on a three-hub system and results extensively illustrate the impact of chance constraints on power and gas flows. This work can benefit energy hub operators by maximizing renewable energy penetration at the lowest cost in a smart city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • An architecture of microgrid energy management system was established. • The architecture was designed for China in the context of Energy Internet. • Two-stage robust optimization model and algorithm were proposed. • Case study was conducted using a real case of Beijing Jinfeng Industrial Park. Abstract In order to address the practical challenges posed by the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles, the evolution from traditional power systems to Energy Internet and the rapidly changing market and policy environments in China, this paper proposes an Energy-Internet-oriented architecture of microgrid energy management system for China, considering specific technical requirements, markets and policies in China. Following the proposed architecture, the robust operation of a multi-energy microgrid with renewable energy and load uncertainties is formulated as a two-stage robust optimization problem and the column and constraints generation algorithm is used to solve it. A real-life case study in China, Beijing Goldwind Industrial Park, is conducted to demonstrate the proposed architecture and method. Simulation results show that by exporting surplus generation to the external customers and bulk power grid, as an important feature of the market dimension of the proposed architecture, the revenue of the microgrid is improved significantly compared to the traditional business mode. Moreover, as important features of technology and regulation dimensions of the proposed architecture, it is shown that smart charging of electric vehicles is able to improve the revenue of the microgrid as well. Finally, the results also show that the proposed robust operation method achieves robustness at the cost of lower revenue in non-worst scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two economic criteria for guiding the energy storage system (ESS) sizing in grid-connected microgrids. The internal power output model and the economic operation model of ESS are firstly established. Then, the combination of heuristic adjustment strategy and hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm are introduced to solve the optimal operation model of ESS. Then according to the ESS life model and cost-benefit analysis, a static investment economic criterion which is easy and simple to be calculated is proposed to demonstrate the economic feasibility of ESS investment programs in the short term. Considering the time value of currency, a dynamic investment economic criterion is proposed later for long-term investment projects. Furthermore, the ESS sizing boundary of achieving profits could be also obtained according to the criteria which can indicate the economic attractiveness or resistance to ESS investors in the microgrid. A case study has verified its effectiveness. At the same time, sensitivity analysis is given to show the impact on key parameters, such as investment unit price and electricity purchase price on ESS investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Areas with hydro power may purchase extra power from the outside power market during dry seasons, which will cause a deviation between the actual and expected power purchase amount due to the inaccurate judgment of the market situation. Because of the uncertainty of price fluctuations, the risk of purchasing power in the real-time market to eliminate this deviation is very high. This paper proposes an innovative trade mode, where the power exchange strategy between multiple areas is adopted through forming an alliance, i.e., one area can use the controllable elements within others, and constructing a monthly and post day-ahead two phase optimization model. The objective function of the monthly stochastic robust optimization considers the power purchase cost to determine the controllable elements dispatch dates for every area in the alliance. Thus, areas can make reasonable dispatch schedules for controllable elements to avoid the resource waste that means more controllable elements are prepared before post day-ahead optimization but less are used after post day-ahead optimization. While the post day-ahead optimization model determines the internal controllable elements dispatch and power exchange amount after the day-ahead market clearing process, users' satisfaction and dispatch schedule changes for energy storage device are also considered. In order to solve the proposed two phase model, the dual principle and linearization methods are used to convert them into mixed-integer linear programming problems that can be effectively solved by the Cplex solver. The study case verifies the power deviation cost decreases with the power exchange strategy and the important role of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to an imminent fossil energy crisis and environmental pollution, renewable energy, such as photovoltaics, has been vigorously developing. However, the output of photovoltaic energy has strong volatility and intermittency. Thus, the photovoltaic generation system cannot constantly meet the load demand. To address this problem, a virtual power plant with hydro-photovoltaic-thermal generation is proposed in this paper. This virtual power plant utilizes the complementary characteristics of the output of the power sources to ensure a smooth and stable total output curve, and the power supply quality of the virtual power plant is improved. Further, the nonlinear operating cost model of the virtual power plant, with output changing over time, is established on the weighted output of hydro, photovoltaic, and thermal power; then, the corresponding marginal cost model of the virtual power plant is obtained. In the electricity market, three typical mid- to long-term electricity decomposition methods based on average, tracking load and spot price are constructed, and the spot price is predicted by the auto regressive moving average model (ARIMA) model, while the relationship between the spot price and the marginal cost of the virtual power plant is obtained; the marginal cost could also be adjusted based on the ARIMA model. Based on above factors, the sizing model of the virtual power plant is established, considering investment and complementary benefits. Finally, a case study is undertaken, where the sizing scheme for the increasing local load in the typical scenarios of the planning year and the corresponding annual rate of return are obtained. Sensitivity analysis of the influence for the above factors on the sizing of the virtual power plant is carried out. The optimal ratio of mid- to long-term electricity and its decomposition methods, as well as the capacity of the virtual power plant and the sizing ratio of hydropower, photovoltaic, and thermal power are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chilling injury (CI) has been a major factor restricting the commercial distribution of mango fruit. In this study, an innovative technology termed intermittent stepwise cooling and stepwise warming (ICW) was employed to investigate its effect on CI in mango fruit by evaluating ripening- and cold tolerance-related parameters. Results showed that ICW exposure maintained normal ripening in mango fruit during refrigeration at 5 °C and subsequent shelf storage at 20 °C, as manifested by increased ethylene production and respiration rate and accelerated changes in softening, color, soluble solid content, titratable acidity and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. ICW inhibited increases in electrolyte leakage rate (ELR) and production of reactive oxygen species (O 2 −. And H 2 O 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). ICW resulted in higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), while promoting more accumulation of total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and glutathione. In addition, the expressions of genes (MiICE1 , MiCBF1 and MiCOR413) encoding cold-responsive factors were upregulated in response to ICW. These physio-biochemical changes conferred by ICW contributed to enhanced cold tolerance and reduced CI in mango fruit. The results indicate that ICW application could be a potential strategy for postharvest refrigeration of 'Guifei' mango fruit. • Intermittent stepwise cooling and stepwise warming (ICW) were employed in this study. • ICW aided ripening recovery and reduced symptoms of chilling injury (CI) in mangoes. • ICW exposure alleviated oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant activity in mangoes. • ICW exposure promoted the upregulation of cold responsive gene expression in mangoes. • ICW application could be a strategy suitable for postharvest refrigeration of mangoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network pricing is essential for electricity system operators to recover investment and operation costs from network users. Current pricing schemes are only for generation and demand that purely withdraws or injects power from/into the system. However, they cannot properly price energy storage (ES), which has the dual characteristics of injecting and withdrawing power. This paper develops a novel pricing scheme for ESs in distribution systems operated by customers to reflect their impact on network planning and operation. A novel charging and discharging methodology is designed for ESs to respond to time of use tariffs for maximising electricity cost savings. The long-term incremental cost for ES is designed based on future reinforcement horizon and short-term operation cost is quantified by system congestion. Then, a novel pricing scheme for ES is designed by integrating the two costs. The pricing signals can guide ES operation to benefit both distribution network operators and ES owners. The new methodology is demonstrated on a small system with an ES of different features and then on a practical Grid Supply Point (GSP) area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a pivotal role in learning and memory. The suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis induced by an increase of oxidative stress is closely related to cognitive impairment. Neural stem cells which persist in the adult vertebrate brain keep up the production of neurons over the lifespan. The balance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants is important for function and surviving of neural stem cells. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most active components of Panax ginseng, and many studies suggest that ginsenosides have antioxidant properties. This research explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 on protecting neural stem cells (NSCs) from oxidative stress. The sub-acute ageing of C57BL/6 mice was induced by subcutaneous injection of d-gal (120 mg kg−1 day−1) for 42 day. On the 14th day of d-gal injection, the mice were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg kg−1 day−1, intraperitoneally) or normal saline for 28 days. The study monitored the effects of Rg1 on proliferation, senescence-associated and oxidative stress biomarkers, and Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in NSCs. Compared with the d-gal group, Rg1 improved cognitive impairment induced by d-galactose in mice by attenuating senescence of neural stem cells. Rg1 also decreased the level of oxidative stress, with increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in vivo and in vitro. Rg1 furthermore reduced the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and down-regulated the levels of downstream p53, p16, p21 and Rb in d-gal treated NSCs. The results suggested that the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on attenuating cognitive impairment in mice and senescence of NSCs induced by d-gal might be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and the down-regulation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The analytical expression of the TID effective damping ratio is derived under the hypothesis of white-noise seismic excitations. • The effective damping ratio enhancement (EDRE) effect of TID is investigated for seismic response control of civil structures. • The theoretical formula of TID optimal design parameters is proposed based on the EDRE effect for both damped and undamped primary structures. Tuned inerter dampers (TIDs) are widely recognized as promising inerter-based devices for controlling the seismic response of civil structures. However, the effective damping ratio enhancement (EDRE) effect of a TID has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, the TID control effectiveness is considered as the effective damping ratio (EDR) applied to the main structure, and the analytical expression of the EDR is derived based on the white-noise seismic excitation hypothesis. The theory of the EDRE effect is introduced to explain the superior control effectiveness of a TID to that of a bare dashpot. Theoretical formulas of TID optimum parameters are proposed based on the EDRE effect for both damped and undamped main structures. These formulas ensure that the optimum control effectiveness and EDRE effect of a TID are achieved simultaneously. For this purpose, the TID is supposed to provide the highest EDR with the lowest damping ratio cost for the optimum EDRE effect. Compared to another well-known inerter-based device, i.e., a tuned viscous mass damper, a TID is particularly recommended when the damping ratio is restricted to less than 0.03. Moreover, the TID control effectiveness and EDRE effect are verified numerically under real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40. The numerical analysis results show that the TID is effective in controlling the structural seismic response, primarily because of its good performance in suppressing the system input energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified Gaussian current density is put forward, which is used to simulate the dynamic process of AZ31B magnesium alloy double-electrode gas metal arc welding (DE-GMAW) droplet transfer. The process of droplet transfer in the AZ31B magnesium alloy DE-GMAW was simulated using FLUENT software. The influence of different bypass welding currents was investigated with a constant total current. The simulated results revealed that when the bypass current was 0 A, the process was the globular transfer type, the droplet transfer with a bypass current of 80 A was a projected transfer type and the droplet transfer at a bypass current of 170 A was a spray transfer type. The critical current is decreased so that spray transfer would occur at a lower current level in the DE-GMAW process. As the bypass current was increased, the shape of droplet changed from oval to round and the transition frequency of the droplet increased in a stepwise fashion. To confirm the accuracy of the simulated results, welding experiments were performed and the image processing method was used to obtain the droplet size. The simulated and experimental results were found to be in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TEST is employed for the Yunnan-HongKong wide field photometric survey which has a photometric precision better than 0.01 mag for stars brighter than 13.8 in the V band. The survey already identified about a thousand variable stars, including transiting exoplanets, spotted stars, eclipsing binaries, and pulsating stars. The Centurion 18 inch Transiting Exoplanet Survey Telescope (TEST) with a focal ratio F2.8 located on Gaomeigu campus at the Lijiang station of Yunnan Observatories, China, since 2016 is shown with its dome completely opened at dusk. [Extracted from the article]

• A novel concept of the effective damping ratio enhancement (EDRE) effect is proposed for depicting the better control performance of TVMD compared to a bare EDE with the same damping coefficient. • The analytical expression of the TVMD effective damping ratio is derived. • A closed-form solution of TVMD optimal design parameters is proposed to obtain the maximum EDRE factor and effective damping ratio. • The proposed closed-form solution can ensure the control performance of TVMD better than a bare EDE. This paper proposes a novel concept of the effective damping ratio enhancement (EDRE) effect to describe the better seismic control performance of a tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) compared to a bare energy dissipation element (EDE) with the same damping coefficient, in which the TVMD control performance is regarded as an effective damping ratio added to the primary structure. The analytical expression of the TVMD effective damping ratio is derived for the primary structure subjected to the white noise excitations. The essential relationship between the response mitigation ratio, effective damping ratio, and the EDRE factor is revealed via theoretical derivation and parametric study. Moreover, a closed-form solution of TVMD optimal design parameters is proposed to obtain the maximum value of the EDRE factor and effective damping ratio. In contrast with the classical fixed-point solution, the TVMD designed by the proposed closed-form solution has an improved control performance level. Additionally, the optimal EDRE effect is obtained with a lower damping coefficient when the mass ratio is below 0.20. The proposed closed-form solution can ensure the control performance of TVMD better than a bare EDE, making its application more meaningful. The TVMD design procedure based on the EDRE effect is eventually established. Several numerical examples are conducted to verify the proposed TVMD design methodology under the selected real earthquake records. Time-domain analysis results show that the TVMD control performance is improved by the composite effect of its energy dissipation performance and the reduction in the system input energy, which should be represented by the effective damping ratio and EDRE effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A decentralized monthly generation scheduling model of cascade hydropower plants is presented. • The water release of the upstream plant is regarded as the coupling variable to achieve decentralization. • The flow-based bilateral contract is designed to increase the revenues of the upstream and downstream hydro plants. • The results of the presented scheduling model, the centralized joint scheduling model and the independent scheduling model are analyzed. Centralized optimization is widely used in generation scheduling of cascade hydropower plants to make full use of reservoir capacity. However, it is very common that the upstream and downstream plants of cascade hydropower system belong to different operators. Therefore, the problems of information privacy and profit distribution are inevitable, which prevents the application of centralized optimization. In order to solve these problems, a decentralized monthly generation scheduling model of cascade hydropower plants in multiple time scale markets is presented in this paper. First, the decoupling method of cascade hydropower plants is introduced. Then a flow-based bilateral contract is designed. The upstream and downstream plants can sign contract to increase their revenues, thereby increasing total revenues of cascade hydropower system. Finally, the hydropower scheduling problem is modelled based on limited information exchange to protect information privacy. The problem is solved by alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The feasibility and effectiveness of the presented model and methods are verified by case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]