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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia, Social touch is a complex system to define having two major lines of research, the neurophysiological approach (CT-fibers) and the studies of the contextual (behavioral) aspects of touch between the dyad. The present study focusses on the behavioral aspects such as the intent and function of the touch event in a mother-infant structed social interaction. Being touch the primary channel of communication between the dyad but still the most neglected in research, our two main objectives were: 1) to explore how often each category of touch occurs depending on different play tasks (face-to-face or object oriented); 2) to analyse if maternal touch behavior is modulated by the demands of different play tasks, not only in terms of frequency of touch but also considering the types of touch used by the mother. Hypothesising that mothers will adjust their touch behavior to the demands of the play task, touching more frequently and using a greater number and differentiated touch categories in the free play without objects task (face-to-face) compared to the object exploration tasks. Mothers touch behavior was segmented and categorized into categories using the Ordinalized Mother Touch Scale (OMTS Category). In a 3 (Play Task) x 8 (OMTS Category) ANOVA, all effects were found significant: mothers touch behavior appeared to adapt to the demands of the task and engaging in more frequent touch behaviors during the face-to-face task. An interesting finding was the significant higher use of caregiving touch category in the challenging object task when compared to the face-to-face interaction., O toque social é um construto complexo para se definir que atualmente segue duas linhas principais de investigação, a abordagem neuro-psicofisiológica (fibras CT) e os aspetos contextuais (comportamentais) do toque entre a díade. A presente investigação focou-se nos aspetos comportamentais, tais como a intenção e a função do evento de toque numa interação social estruturada mãe-criança. Considerando que o toque é o meio de comunicação principal entre a díade, mas ainda assim o mais negligenciado na investigação, os dois objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) explorar com que frequência cada categoria de toque ocorre consoante as diferentes tarefas (face-a-face ou orientada-a-objetos); 2) analisar se o comportamento do toque materno é modulado pelas exigências das diferentes tarefas, não só em termos de frequência mas tendo em conta também os tipos de toque utilizados pela mãe. Hipótese: mães irão ajustar o seu comportamento de toque às exigências da tarefa, tocando com mais frequência e recorrendo a um maior número e a mais categorias de toque na tarefa jogo livre sem objetos (face-a-face) quando comparada com as tarefas de exploração de objetos. O toque materno foi segmentado e categorizado em categorias, recorrendo à Ordinalized Mother Touch Scale (Categoria OMTS). Numa ANOVA, 3(Tarefas) x 8(Categoria OMTS), todos os efeitos foram considerados significantes: as mães mostraram adaptar o seu comportamento de toque às exigências da tarefa, tendo comportamentos de toques mais frequentes durante a tarefa face-a-face. Adicionalmente, um resultado interessante foi que as mães usaram com mais frequência a categoria de toque caregiving na tarefa do objeto desafiante quando comparada à interação face-a-face., This study was conducted at Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653). This research was also supported by: PhD grants from Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation to JS (PD/BD/142819/2018) and HM (SFRH/BD/86694/2012), research grants PTDC/MHC-PCN/1530/2014 and IF/00217/2013 attributed to AP.

A simple, accurate, and economical method has been proposed to measure formaldehyde in aqueous samples. The method is based on quantification of classical chromotropic acid – formaldehyde violet spots developed on TLC. Different parameters such as concentration of chromotropic and sulfuric acid, time of heating and order of application of reagents have been studied to find out the optimum working procedure. Spots have been quantified by scanning the spotted TLC and analyzing the image in computer with Visual Basic 6.0 based graphic application. The study consisted of developing an appropriate calibration line, analyzing artificial and real samples, and comparing the new method with a standard spectrophotometric method (NIOSH Method-3500, 1994). It has been concluded that the present method had the capability for measuring formaldehyde in aqueous samples at trace level with high precision and accuracy, particularly when dealing with turbid and small volume samples where the standard method failed.

Cet article propose une analyse de l’usage du discours religieux dans les processus de mobilisation « anti-genre » en Italie. À partir d’une observation micro-analytique de la manifestation du Family Day du 20 juin 2015 à Rome, je propose d’étudier, d’un côté, le cadre théorico-politique que l’on appelle la cause « anti-genre » et, de l’autre, l’usage stratégique du référentiel religieux pour attribuer une identité catholique au mouvement et ainsi renforcer l’adhésion à la cause. En d’autres termes, il s’agit d’observer les modalités de participation à la manifestation de rue qui et la présence médiatrice d’un leader charismatique afin de construire une identité catholique repolitisée. L’article entend, en outre, retracer le processus de construction du terrain d’observation en révélant comment les interrogations et les incompréhensions du chercheur in situ contribuent à rendre visible ce qu’un regard macroscopique et centré sur des grilles de lecture structurelles ou systémiques ne parviennent pas à saisir. This article proposes an analysis of the uses of religious discourse in the "anti-gender" mobilization processes in Italy. Based on a micro-analytic observation of the Family Day demonstration in Rome (June 2015), the article examines, on the one hand, the theoretical-political framework of the "anti-gender" cause; and, on the other hand, the strategic use of a Catholic religious framework to strengthen the adhesion to the cause. I observe the modalities of participation in the demonstration and the mediation of a charismatic leader in order to build a repoliticized Catholic identity. I also analyze the process of construction of the fieldwork by revealing how my questionings and misunderstandings as a researcher in situ make visible what a macroscopic scale centered on structural or systemic models fail to grasp.

Cet entretien avec la géographe Marie Chabrol donne une lecture sociale et urbaine des mutations qui, de nos jours, affectent un vieux quartier d’immigration à Paris, Château-Rouge, « internationalement connu pour être une importante centralité commerciale africaine dans une ville européenne ». Temporalités urbaines et trajectoires individuelles sont au cœur d’une enquête géographique qui se sait recevable de l’apport théorique de la microstoria. This discussion with the geographer Marie Chabrol, is devoted to the in-depth mutations taking place in Château-Rouge, an old immigrant neighbourhood of Paris internationally known for being a major African commercial centrality in a European city. She emphasizes her interest in the urban temporalities and individual trajectories and talks about the influence of microstoria on her own work at a theoretical level.

At the infant-toddler center, the rituals of transition that mark children’s arrival and going home times offer interesting kaleidoscopes for the study of interactive dynamics with the associated meanings and implicit educational models. Numerous pedagogical studies have investigated the meanings of these events, for the most part drawing on the monocultural model of classical attachment theory to analyze interactions between adults and children. Far less research has approached these rituals using triadic, systemic and intercultural categories of analysis in order to explore not only educators’ actions but also what is going on in their minds. In this paper, we discuss examples from a recent study on rituals of transition in the multicultural context of an infant toddler center, combining description of the timing, behaviors and interactive styles of children and adults, with analysis of the thoughts and representations of the educators., Ricerche di Pedagogia e Didattica. Journal of Theories and Research in Education, Vol 8, No 2 (2013)

SUMMARY Background Thought Field Therapy (TFT) is a psychotherapeutic modality often utilised for single-session trauma treatment. It applies sensory stimulation to desensitise painful feelings, and may thus be called a psycho-sensory therapy. Qualitative research on TFT is particularly scarce, and this processual study seeks to fill that void. Research question How do PTSD patients describe their inner experiences before, during and after Thought Field Therapy? Method Three patients diagnosed with PTSD received three weekly sessions of TFT. The first treatment session was filmed, and each participant commented on the recording by describing their awareness of bodily sensations, feelings and thoughts at the time of being recorded. This interview showed in detail the therapist’s sensory interventions and the participants’ inner reactions during one full session. A post-treatment interview sought to identify differences in inner state from pre-treatment. Findings All participants described desensitisation of discomfort in feelings and body, and an inability to concentrate on desensitised matter. Desensitisation was limited to the content of awareness in the phases of sensory interventions, and was described in 22 of a total of 25 interventions. Time in sensory phase was respectively 9, 7 and 8 minutes. The participants described new phenomena from body and feelings during the desensitisation process, and new aspects of meaning. In the post-treatment interview after one week all participants described improvements from their pre-treatment condition. A marked increase in initiative and self-agency post-treatment corresponded positively to a high degree of impaired daily life functions pre-treatment. TFT was here not a single-session therapy, as three sessions of psycho-sensory interventions did not desensitise all painful feelings for any of the participants.

Desulfurization gypsum is the desulphurization products of wet FGD process in coal-fired power plants. However, it has not been widely used by far. In order to expand the application scope of desulphurization gypsum, desulphurization gypsum-industrial waste composite cementing material, a new type of hydraulic cementing material prepared by a lot of desulphurization gypsum, granulated blast furnace slag and some activator is studied in this paper. Its performance is also studied.

Historical painted works of art have a very complex inner structure. The period painting technique led to the execution of a ground layer followed by several layers of underpainting and a top paint layer, over which a layer of glaze has been applied to increase the resistance to external wear. Each of these colour layers is composed of a dye or a pigment (or their mixture) bound by organic binder. Throughout the history, pigments were commonly prepared from minerals, either extracted from natural deposits or created artificially. In these heterogeneous layers containing both inorganic and organic components, undesirable degradation changes either driven by processes taking place directly in the colour layer or influenced by external agents may occur. Mineralogical approach, which focuses primarily on the structure of studied pigments, helps in the clarification of the occurring processes, in the determination of conditions leading to degradation as well as in the identification of original/degradation phases. Furthermore, it can be profitably applied in the micro- analysis of mineral pigments present in tiny micro-samples obtained from works of art, contributes to the artwork's provenance/authorship studies and the determination of regional provenance of the employed mineral pigments. This Ph.D....

The paper explores how value is co-created and co-destructed in the social interaction between consultants and clients. Prior research on management consultancy as service production has elaborated on the question of how value is co-created in the same context as this paper. However, how value is co-destructed has remained little studied. In this paper, a workshop facilitated by a consultant for a client is studied to conduct a micro-analysis of the dynamics and tensions of co-creation and co-destruction of value. In management consultant services, it is suggested that value and, more specifically, consultant-client relationships can be both co-created and co-destructed through the approach-avoidance motivation of the consultant and the client., final draft, peerReviewed

Title of the thesis Post-communist Hungary as an opportunity: from the transfer of urban intervention models by the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations to its abortion, the case of Ferencváros district in Budapest (1988-2014). Abstract In a context of regime change this study offers to focus on the process by which the French institution, the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, started the diffusion of urban intervention models and then aborted it. The analysis based on networks of actors formed locally in Hungary, attempts to describe the logics of actions constituting of this transfer at different scales: local, national and transnational. Treating this subject post-festum drove the study towards an ethnographic and historic approach, focusing on the analysis of actors' discourses in order to raise different narratives of the past actions. The fall of communism is here understood as a period of uncertainty and its successive redefinitions by politicians are still structuring the actual Hungarian political and economic issues. More than a simple rupture, this period is characterized by a power struggle in the discourses for the justification of different interest groups' actions. Thus, this event is first and foremost an opportunity. In short, the study of tangible aspects of the transnational influence...

Microbeam X-ray fluorescence spectra and Cd K edge X-ray absorption spectra of rat kidney were measured. Though the Cd concentration in the kidney specimen was 7 ppm, we could detect Cd using microbeam X-ray fluorescence and microbeam X-ray absorption measurements within one hour using SPring-8 BL-39XU beam line.

This paper reviews a set of robustness analysis tools developed by the authors during the last decade to evaluate the robustness properties of high-dimensional closed-loop plants subject to numerous time-invariant uncertainties. These tools are used to compute both upper and lower bounds on the robust stability margin, the worst-case H∞ performance level, as well as the traditional gain, phase, modulus and time-delay margins. The key idea is to solve the problem on just a coarse frequency grid and to perform a fast validation on the whole frequency range, which results in guaranteed but conservative bounds on the aforementioned quantities. Some heuristics are then applied to determine a set of worst-case parametric configurations leading to over-optimistic bounds. A branch and bound scheme is finally implemented, so as to tighten these bounds with the desired accuracy, while still guaranteeing a reasonable computational complexity. The proposed algorithms are successfully assessed on a challenging real-world application: a flight control law validation problem., Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 4, May 2012; ISSN: 2107-6596

International audience; Several species of marine polychaetes reside in individual protective tubes. These tubes may be agglomerated in patches of varied sizes with very high densities, or form massive reef-like mounds which can be stretch over several kilometers. These polychaetes can thus be considered as the most important building organisms after corals in coastal environments. We especially focused on several species belonging to the families of Sabellariidae, Terrebeliidae and Pectinariidae. Tubes grains are glued together with biomineralized cement secreted from a building organ connected to specialized glands. Different methods of micro-analysis were used to analyze the biomineral components of these cements for four varyingly gregarious tube-building polychaetes: Lanice conchilega, Pectinaria koreni, Sabellaria alveolata and Phragmatopoma caudata. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the inter- and the intraspecific variability in the main biomineral components of cement at local, regional and continental scales. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirms an identical structure of the cement within species of Sabellariidae in Europe and America. Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) confirms the presence of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium plus traces of manganese in all cements, with varying concentrations of these elements at different locations for the same species or for different species at the same location. Finally, our dataset is compared with previous studies from literature.

International audience; Several species of marine polychaetes reside in individual protective tubes. These tubes may be agglomerated in patches of varied sizes with very high densities, or form massive reef-like mounds which can be stretch over several kilometers. These polychaetes can thus be considered as the most important building organisms after corals in coastal environments. We especially focused on several species belonging to the families of Sabellariidae, Terrebeliidae and Pectinariidae. Tubes grains are glued together with biomineralized cement secreted from a building organ connected to specialized glands. Different methods of micro-analysis were used to analyze the biomineral components of these cements for four varyingly gregarious tube-building polychaetes: Lanice conchilega, Pectinaria koreni, Sabellaria alveolata and Phragmatopoma caudata. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the inter- and the intraspecific variability in the main biomineral components of cement at local, regional and continental scales. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirms an identical structure of the cement within species of Sabellariidae in Europe and America. Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) confirms the presence of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium plus traces of manganese in all cements, with varying concentrations of these elements at different locations for the same species or for different species at the same location. Finally, our dataset is compared with previous studies from literature.

The aim of the challenge we are presenting in this study is to show that the canonical shape of pointing gestures is representative of a specific type of pointing gesture, but that the formal definition could include all types of alignment of three proximal adjacent segments. This hypothesis needs to be tested and not only do we use formal elements to describe gestures, but gaze, the direction of the head and verbal productions are here included in our analysis. The visual and vocal modalities are viewed as linked and enable us to underline psychological predicates (McNeill). We first present the various elements of our annotation procedure, and our categorization of the various pointing gestures we coded and their inclusion in iconic gestures. We tackle the anaphoric function of pointing gestures and the formal specialization of the gestures used for that function. This study helps us redefine the reference framework associated with pointing gestures (main vs secondary, possible specialization of the degrees of freedom) and shows the importance of using micro-annotations for gestures., Le défi présenté ici vise à montrer que la forme canonique d'un pointage représente un type particulier de pointage, mais qu'on peut étendre la définition formelle à tout alignement de trois segments distaux adjacents. Cette hypothèse est à tester et par delà les éléments formels gestuels que nous nous donnons, le regard, la direction de la tête et le verbal sont évidemment convoqués. Ces deux modalités verbale/vocale et gestuelle sont vues comme un contexte lié qui devrait permettre la mise en évidence des prédicats psychologiques (McNeill). Après avoir donné les éléments du protocole d'annotation, nous exposerons une catégorisation possible de ces pointages mais également leurs inclusions dans des gestes iconiques. Nous aborderons la fonction anaphorique et la spécialisation formelle des gestes utilisés à cet usage. Ceci amène à mieux définir le cadre de référence associé aux pointages (principal vs secondaire, spécialisation éventuelle des degrés de liberté) et montre l'importance d'une micro-annotation gestuelle.

Pharmacokinetic data are used to develop dosing regimens for medicines. The dose regimens of many drugs administered to children have historically been based on pharmacokinetic data generated in adults. The 'adult' dose was simply adjusted to the child's body weight or surface area. This practice is potentially unsafe and not acceptable to drug regulatory agencies. Obtaining pharmacokinetic data in children is beset with ethical issues and technical challenges as pharmacokinetic studies require repeated measurement of drug levels in blood. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples used in conjunction with population pharmacokinetic modelling techniques is one potential method for performing pharmacokinetic studies in children. In this article, we review the DBS technique for performing pharmacokinetic studies and highlight issues that still need to be addressed to establish DBS as a method for performing pharmacokinetic studies in children.

Analysing early autism leads us to redraw concepts like intersubjectivity based upon the micro-analysis of the baby’s behavior, which focuses on highlighting the indifference of babies showing autistic risks towards some outer signals that account for the construction of social ties; such as the recognition of the musicality of the voice and the readings of maternal expressions. In the light of neurosciences and psychoanalysis brought together, autism would find its origins in the structure of some prenatal sound: the rhythmical experience would originate the sense of life and the continuity of the individual being. El autismo precoz nos lleva a elaborar nuevos conceptos como de la intersubjetividad basados en un micro análisis del comportamiento del bébé, donde los resultados evidencian una indiferencia de bébés con riesgo de autismo en los signos responsables de la construccion de lazos sociales; como el reconocimiento en la musicalidad de la voz y en la lectura de las expresiones maternas. La articulación de los resultados de las neurociencias y del psychoanálisis, permiten pensar que el autismo tiene un origen de orden sonoro. La experiencia sonora rítmica pre-natal ser ía una base fundamental en el desarollo de la vivencia y continuidad del ser individual. O autismo precoce leva-nos a reelaborar conceitos como o de intersubjetividade baseados na microanálise do comportamento do bebê, cujos resultados revelam uma indiferença, por parte de bebês ditos de riscos autísticos, aos sinais respons áveis pela construção de laços sociais, tais como o reconhecimento da musicalidade da voz e a leitura das express ões maternas. O entrelaçamento dos resultados obtidos pelas Neurociências e pela Psicanálise reforça a noção de que o autismo teria suas origens em um problema de ordem sonora, manifestado no período pré-natal, uma vez que a experiência rítmica seria a base formadora para o senso de vivência e continuidade de ser do indivíduo.

Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) is a powerful tool for the multi-element analysis of a huge variety of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples of industrial relevance. For LIPS an intense, pulsed laser beam (typically a Nd:YAG or excimer laser) is focused on the sample of interest, resulting in an evaporation, atomization, and partial ionization of the sample in an expanding plasma cloud. After a delay of some hundred nanoseconds to discriminate against the recombination background, the elemental composition of the sample can be determined via the spectrally and temporally resolved detection of the characteristic atomic and ionic emissions. Due to the minimum sample preparation, the low cost for a single measurement, and the potential for an extensive automation, LIPS is an attractive approach to process analysis. The objective of this work to extend the range of elements, which can be analyzed by LIBS, via observation of atomic emission in the VUV range. This permits not only a multielement analysis of metals, but also access to emission lines of metalloids such as S, P, N,O, C, and As. Two experimental set-ups for VUV-LIBS are presented: A set-up for bulk analysis based on conventional Czerny-Turner monochromator and a new echelle spectrograph for high spectral resolution (> 10 000) in the spectral range 150-300 nm. Applying an appropriate beam shaping (“micro focusing”), LIPS allows a fast spatially resolved elemental characterization of surfaces with a typical resolution of 10 mm. Using a UV laser beam (l = 266 nm) for plasma ignition, fractionization effects can be minimized and a quantitative analysis can be performed. Analysis of the spectra from the single pulses permit a depth- and spatially resolved investigation of a sample. Ziel der Arbeit ist der Einsatz der laserinduzierten Plasmaspektroskopie (LIPS) zur quantitativen orts- und tiefenaufgelösten Mikroanalyse mit einem neu zu entwickelnden VUVEchelle-Spektrographen. Dazu wird ein intensiver, gepulster Nd:YAG-Laser auf die zu untersuchende Probe fokussiert, so daß ein Teil der Probe verdampft und in dem entstandenen Plasma atomisiert bzw. ionisiert wird. Nach Abklingen der unspezifischen Rekombinationsstrahlung und inversen Bremsstrahlung kann typischerweise nach einer Mikrosekunde durch eine wellenlängenselektive und zeitaufgelöste Beobachtung der charakteristischen Emissionslinien die Identifikation und Quantifizierung der elementaren Zusammensetzung erfolgen. Mit einer entsprechenden Strahlformung und Abbildung erlaubt LIPS eine schnelle elementanalytische Kartierung von Oberflächen ohne aufwendige Probenvorbereitung mit einer lateralen Auflösung von 3–10 m. Durch die Verwendung einer UV-Wellenlänge ( = 266 nm) zur Ablation können Fraktionierungseffekte für Festkörper minimiert werden, so daß eine quantitative Analyse möglich wird. Durch eine Analyse der Spektren von einzelnen Pulsen kann eine Ortsauflösung mit einer entsprechenden Tiefenauflösung kombiniert werden. Die Verwendung eines Echelle-Spektrographen gestattet eine umfassende qualitative und quantitative multivariate Analyse von einzelnen Pulsen mit hoher spektraler Auflösung ( /d > 10000) über einen Spektralbereich von 150 nm. Für den zu konzipierenden Echelle-Spektrographen wird ein Arbeitsbereich von 150–300 nm angestrebt, so daß erstmals eine Multielement-VUVEmissionsspektroskopie mit Laserplasmen für Nichtmetalle (S, P, N,O, C, As) oder metallische Elemente (Hg, Zn) möglich wird. Durch eine Verbesserung der Transmission des Spektrographen im Bereich 200–220 nm ist zusätzlich auch eine signifikante Steigerung der Nachweisgrenzen für Elemente wie z.B. Zn, Cd oder Ga mit intensiven Linien in diesem Bereich zu erwarten. Erste Anwendungen werden sich besonders auf geochemische und werkstoffwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen konzentrieren.

The focused electron beam induced deposition process is a promising technique for nano and micro patterning. Electrons can be focused in sub-angström dimensions, which allows atomic-scale resolution imaging, analysis, and processing techniques. Before the process can be used in controlled applications, the precise nature of the deposition mechanism must be described and modelled. The aim of this research work is to present a physical and chemical description of the focused electron beam induced deposition process.As an introduction, a review of the literature, up to the present day, shows how this process was first identified as the origin of contamination in electron microscopes. Then the modifications made to a scanning electron microscope for deposition experiments are described. Gas supply systems and gas cryo-trapping devices were set up. Electrical and optical systems were constructed for an in-situ monitoring of the process. The experiment procedure was carried out in several phases, with the first being the deposition of flat films of carbon, copper-containing carbon composites, and pure gold for the study of the physics of the process. By measuring the fraction of the probe current that was absorbed in the sample, an accurate description could be made of the propagation of electrons. The backscattered electrons clearly influenced the deposition rate of Cu-containing films. A physical model for scanning deposition was created. The second phase is the deposition of metal-matrix composite tips from a stationary beam. Forward electron scattering was discovered to be responsible for tip formation and shape. A physical model of electron trajectories is included. The third phase is the construction of three-dimensional micro-structures by moving the beam during deposition. The deposited shapes result from an electron range that is larger than the structure size.Further investigation into the chemistry of the process involved the analysis of carbon films by micro-beam techniques. Regardless of the precursor used, the resulting films had a composition as C9H2±xO1±x (x, La technique de croissance assistée par faisceau focalisé d'électrons offre des perspectives attrayantes pour la nano et micro-fabrication en trois dimensions. Les faisceaux d'électrons peuvent être focalisés sur des dimensions inférieures à 1 Å, ce qui permet l'observation, l'analyse et la modification d'objets à l'échelle atomique. De nombreuses applications peuvent être envisagées, mais supposent une description précise des mécanismes physico-chimiques mis en jeu.Une étude bibliographique montre d'abord que cette technique est dérivée du phénomène de contamination observé en microscopie électronique. Puis, afin d'en faire un outil expérimental efficace, un microscope électronique à balayage a été muni de systèmes d'approvisionnement en gaz précurseur et de condensation. De nouvelles méthodes électriques et optiques ont été mises au point pour le suivi in-situ du procédé. La démarche scientifique s'est déroulée en deux phases. La physique du phénomène a d'abord été étudiée, en déposant des films minces de carbone, d'un composite cuivre-carbone, puis d'or pur. La propagation des électrons dans ces films a été décrite grâce à la mesure en continu de la fraction du courant de sonde absorbée dans l'échantillon. Les effets des électrons diffusés sur le taux de croissance ont été étudiés. Un modèle physique a été développé pour rendre compte des résultats. La deuxième phase a été la croissance de pointes composites sous un faisceau immobile. La forme des pointes est déterminée par la diffusion des électrons. Un modèle physique décrivant les trajectoires des électrons à l'intérieur et autour des pointes a été mis au point. La troisième phase a été la construction de micro-structures tridimensionnelles, dont la forme illustre les effets de la profondeur de pénétration des électrons, qui est plus grande que l'épaisseur des dépôts.Pour comprendre la chimie du phénomène, les dépôts de carbone obtenus ont été analysés par plusieurs techniques de micro-sonde. Tous les dépôts obtenus à partir de précurseurs pourtant différents avaient la composition C9H2±xO1±x (x