Search

The theory of separation of God from creatures is against the theory of panentheism which claims that the creatures are within the essence of the God. The theory of separation can be explained in both minimalistic and maximum explanation. Based on minimalistic account, although God is other than creatures, God and creatures together have some commonalities. In contrast, the maximum account claims that there is no commonality between God and creatures, and therefore ascribing attributes such as knowledge, power, etc. to God is equivocal. The defenders of the school of Tafkik believe that the theory of maximum difference is derived from the Qur'an and hadiths. Although this article accepts that the panentheism is contrary to the verses and traditions, while explaining the view of the school of Tafkik, it will show that the view of this school is not only derived from the verses and traditions, but is also against the verses and traditions and also by ascribing positive attributes to God. From the point of view of the Qur'an and traditions, although there in no one like God in terms of necessity of existence and pure perfection, at the same time, it is not true that there is no commonality between God and creatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rousseau coined the term perfectibilité to name what he claimed was the faculty that distinguished human beings from other animals. Although Rousseau himself largely associated perfectibility with the tendency of the human race to become corrupt, later thinkers adopted his term but then transformed it into a concept denoting the human capacity for progress. This article has two goals. The first goal is to analyse Rousseau's discussion of perfectibilité in order to identify a specifically Rousseauean of perfectibilité. I identify three related features of Rousseau's perfectibilité: the ambiguous status of both instinct and freedom, the unique malleability of human nature, and the fact that perfectibilité operates on both the levels of the individual and the species. The second goal is to examine the transformation of this specifically Rousseauean conception in the thought of one of the thinker largely responsible for giving it a very different direction, Condorcet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article situates the novel Eugenia (1919) by the Cuban-Mexican doctor Eduardo Urzaiz within the post-revolutionary Mexican discourses on eugenics. Set in the distant future, the novel imagines the culmination of a successful statist attempt to perfect the national body. In fact, the state's tight control of physical reproduction helps overcome the traditional family unit, a fact that has led many critics to highlight the liberating potential of this fictional society, particularly for women. That said, the novel shows how these social changes have had traumatic results in the lives of the various characters. This article seeks to reconcile the utopian discourse with the trauma of so many of its characters, identifying an ethics of aesthetics that justifies authoritarian actions and the sacrifice of individual freedoms in the name of the aesthetic perfection of society and the reproduction of a socialist and Utopian order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has two objectives: first, to provide an explanation and analysis of Anselm and Plantinga's ontological argument based on the interpretation of William Rowe, a contemporary atheist, and second, to determine the place of the fallacy of " begging the question" in this argument. After presenting the criticisms of Anselm's interpretation of the argument, Rowe considers Plantinga's modal version to be the most convincing version of the argument and believes that previous interpretations, based on the principle that "existence in reality" is a superior property, are caught in a logical fallacy. Plantinga's interpretation is also based on the premise that God is "a possible being with maximum perfection," and this proposition is true only if God exists in the real world. In this research, using an analytical-critical method, I show that Anselm's interpretation and Plantinga's reconstruction of it are fallacious, and although Plantinga's modal interpretation has logical necessity, it does not prove the necessity of God's existence in the external world. This is because perfection in this argument is defined in a way that falls into the fallacy of "begging the question”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bouhouth is the property of London Research & Consulting Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Zhuangzi's 莊子 philosophy, the concept of zheng 正 occupies an important place in realizing the Daoist ideal of "inner sageliness and outward kingliness," in terms of cultivating oneself and lifting others. However, very few scholars have concentrated on this topic and examined the role it plays in achieving the sagely realm. This article, therefore, is primarily intended to investigate the connotation of zheng from the perspective of "virtuosity" (de 德) and to clarify why this virtuosity can "align other living beings." First, the meaning of alignment in other living beings is introduced, followed by clarification of "activity of the Heavenly" (tian xing 天行), which is internally based on virtuosity and externally conforms to the "Heavenly Transitions" (tian ni 天倪) as a principle of value. Furthermore, through exploring specific examples in the Zhuangzi, I aim to show that the virtuosity of "vacuity and stillness" (xu jing 虛静) and its manifestation as "activity of the Heavenly," in reality, have a marvelous effect in transforming the evil component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking happiness, fortune, and perfectionism are in the essence of human existence, and without a doubt, all humans are in search of success, salvation, and happiness throughout their lives. Therefore, the issue of happiness and good fortune has always been the concern of thinkers and sages throughout the history in the field of psychology and anthropology. Al-Farabi, the second teacher, defined the happiness of man as "the good that requires pleasure, which is beyond him and the last thing that can be done by human beings" and Ibn Sina used "the best thing a living person has ever sought to achieve" and other similar expressions. Of course, other thinkers have also identified the happiness and good fortune of the human being, from a selected point of view. In this article, we first explain and analyze the views and rational and narrative approaches, then analyze Farabi's opinion on the issue of happiness and his inclination to other opinions, and finally we focus on the best speech in explaining human success and happiness.

Introduction: Moral disengagement is an essential concept in organizational behavioral ethics, as it is strongly related to employee behaviors and attitudes. What is not clear, however, is which leader traits are directly associated with employees' moral disengagement and which are indirectly associated with unethical behavior. This study draws on a social cognitive perspective that links leaders' other-oriented perfectionism (LOOP) with unethical employee behavior. Specifically, we propose that LOOP provides employees with excuses and encouragement to engage in unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). Methods: We analyzed data collected from 266 full-time employees at twotime points, and used mediated and moderated structural equation models to test the hypotheses, and the findings largely support our claims. Results: The results suggest that LOOP effectively promotes employees' involvement in UPB. Moderated mediation tests suggest that the positive indirect impact of LOOP on employees' unethical behavior via moral disengagement was attenuated by higher employees' moral identity. Discussion: In summary, the results indicate that when leaders emphasize only perfection and make unrealistic demands on their employees, the latter perceive that engaging in unethical behavior is demanded by the leader, that the responsibility is not theirs, and thus they are more willing to engage in unethical behavior. This study discusses the implications of these findings from both practical and theoretical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a collection of book reviews from the journal "Reviews in Religion & Theology." The first review discusses a book about Paul's theology and the importance of thinking critically about his words. The second review is about a book on neo-Aristotelian metaphysics and the theology of nature, which seeks to rehabilitate Aristotelian philosophy in various disciplines. The third review focuses on a book about illness, pain, and health care in early Christianity, examining how early Christians adopted and reframed Greco-Roman medicine. Each review provides a brief overview of the book's content and its significance within its respective field. [Extracted from the article]

For nearly a decade, there has been recognition of the need for an African American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (AAGPRA) or similar legislation. Experiences from implementing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) have shed light on challenges that prevent practitioners from achieving the informed, respectful, and expeditious return of remains. Given the likelihood of federal legislation addressing the repatriation of persons of African descent and acknowledging the hurdles that practitioners may face if and when it is passed, we offer a practical model, START, to reorient our understanding of success to recognizing that incremental progress is still forward movement. The model is organized into five stages and is presented with context from NAGPRA, along with suggested steps that practitioners can take at each stage to help build on their success. The START model is a straightforward and practical checklist approach that helps practitioners recognize the victories achieved in small steps that could be hidden or prevented by misguided but well-intentioned attempts at perfection. It is directly applicable to preparation for repatriation but has utility for any curation or collections management context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this research revolves around the stage of the obligated person (male and female) reaching a certain stage of physical perfection and reaching a certain age, such that he is responsible for the obligatory rulings and is punished for abandoning them, and his social, economic and commercial transactions are correct and do not require anyone's approval or permission, and he is also held accountable. With the limits and it is taken for him. This research specializes in clarifying the proof of puberty and the conditions for verifying it or not according to the famous Imami jurists by presenting their evidence and statements on the issue, and presenting the differences that occur between them regarding it. The research also presents the differing narrations that the jurists of this school of thought cited in this field, and weighing between them by adopting the inductive and analytical approaches to arrive at a conclusion. Resolving the points of difference between the approved narratives on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Singled out as one of the finest and most original works by the leading film-music composer Alberto Iglesias, the score for Pedro Almodóvar's The Skin I Live In (2011) stands out for its inclusion of a (neo-baroque) virtuoso part for solo violin with key symbolic functions in the film. This part is largely derived from the composer's post-minimalist string trio Cautiva (c. 1990). The present article analyses Iglesias's reconfiguration of key materials from Cautiva to express the relationship of domination, violence, and desire between the film's villain and the heroine as well as the role played by violin virtuosity in establishing links to the (gothic) horror genre and in the exaltation of the artist's power as creator that Almodóvar ultimately reflects upon in The Skin I Live In. The article adds to recent studies on the centuries-old symbolism of the violin as a topos of the demonic and otherworldly by analysing these meanings in one of the finest contemporary film scores. The study is part of a recent upsurge of critical assessments of Almodóvar–Iglesias's work from cultural and musico-analytical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the relationship between unselfconscious corporate virtuosity and corporate performance using a novel methodology. It contends that honesty in presenting CSR activities is a proxy for corporate virtuosity and that syntheticity of language indexes unselfconscious honesty in corporate reporting. The study's research question is: Is there evidence that being more corporately ethical in the absence of concern about being so perceived enhances hardcore measures of organisational performance? To answer this question, a linguistic analysis of sustainability reports of firms operating in the Mining, Crude Oil Production Industry is undertaken to reveal that firms' financial performance varies as a function of a particular kind of straightforward language use in corporate reporting. This exercise provides evidence that unselfconscious corporate virtuosity is associated with better corporate financial performance. Implications for practice of this finding are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aim to decode and highlight one of the most important works in the study of the clarinet, Introduction, Theme, and Variations for Clarinet and Orchestra, by Gioachino Rossini. In this variation-type piece, G. Rossini optimally combines the problems of virtuosity that unfold over the entire range of the clarinet, with his usual cantability, of a perfect lyricism.With its ambitus, large intervals, and passages of virtuosity in various rhythmic formulas, the work falls into the category of great difficulty and represents a challenge for the soloist. Without being modest, if the piece is studied seriously, with the directions you will find in this study, the work can help clarinetists in their quest for perfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper presents and highlights the musicality and virtuosity that Luigi Bassi perfected with the help of the variational principle, using themes of a unique expressiveness from the opera Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi. The work is addressed to clarinetists with a welldeveloped technique and a qualitative and homogeneous sonority throughout the clarinet's ambitus. In the present scientific and interpretive approach, we propose to decode and present elements of structure, diverse instrumental techniques, and ways of interpreting the themes and variations, that coincide with the composer's desire. We will highlight the instrumental technique problems, proposals to optimize (solve) them, and ways to highlight sound colors, depending on the message the performer conveys. We believe that this study can be of real use both to teaching staff and students in the didactic activity, but also to the valuable instrumentalists involved in the interpretative activity, bearing in mind that the work has a very high degree of difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Islam’s approach to individuals with disabilities, tracing historical developments from early civilizations to contemporary challenges. It underscores Islam’s emphasis on valuing and treating individuals with disabilities equally, rooted in principles like the perfection of creation and justice. Prophet Muhammad is presented as a model for the integration and support of people with disabilities, with various measures such as vocational rehabilitation and education highlighted. Nevertheless, many Islamic countries and mosque communities continue to face challenges in implementing these principles, including social biases and inadequate accessibility facilities. The article concludes by urging improvements and the advancement of the integration of individuals with disabilities within the Muslim community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author aims to examine the intricacies of the experience of perfection by drawing on clinical material provided by a patient who remained confined for years in an imperative of internal perfection, leading to various obsessive defense mechanisms that limited her connections with the external world. The author revisits what in Freud's work on primary narcissism is associated with understanding the need for perfection but continues a theoretical exploration of this concept based on the construction of ego identity in relation to its object or, conversely, independently of this relationship. An identity within an evolving psychic space transitioning from bi to tri-dimensional aspects. A transformative movement in the patient's material will allow her to shift from a rigid position in her perfection towards a more flexible, imperfect yet human position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author proposes to review the Kantian idea of virtue, its relationship with duty, with reason and with the moral feeling: respect. The ideas of sanctity and perfection are also reviewed as a reference for two sides of the same duty and their role as guides of the faculty of judgment, demonstrating the unitary character of Kantian ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its rationalization of the commandments, Otsar haḤayim , by Yitṣḥak Ayzik Yehuda Yeḥiel Safrin of Komarno, integrates Talmudic, halakhic, kabbalistic, and Hasidic traditions. Safrin's theurgic system expands Lurianic traditions to include a multidimensional interiorized practice that can be traced to the Baal Shem Tov (the Besht), the legendary founder of Hasidism. This article argue that Safrin's interiorization went hand in hand with stipulating a strict adherence to practical fulfillment of halakhic norms. Furthermore, in his writings, Safrin upheld all the dominant, traditional models regarding the kabbalistic efficacy of the commandments – theurgic, magical, and ecstatic – expanding them (not replacing them) to include not only their practical performance but also a variety of interiorized practices. Additionally, each of these performances encompasses a moralistic aspect – repairing sin, transgression, and encouraging a person to strive for self-perfection in divine worship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Medicine has been passed down to us through the texts of Anatomy without images from the most ancient periods. Only in the 15th century was Mondino’s work enriched with drawings that went on to explain the dissection methods that the great Bolognese anatomist had included in his book published in 1316. But it was in the 16th century that anatomical drawings assumed extraordinary importance when Andrea Vesalio recognized their extraordinary function in helping to understand the texts and make them accessible to an ever-wider audience interested in the study of Anatomy. The authors, in tracing the highest examples of the history of anatomical iconography for educational use, present the case of the collection of about 600 anatomical plates preserved in the Leonetto Comparini Anatomy Museum of the University of Siena: tables that were made specifically for educational use and that have been regularly used for the teaching of Anatomy throughout the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines such attributes of divine perfection as 'knowing', 'wise', 'real' (in its substantive and etymological similarity with the concept of 'true') and 'living' (also in its semantic similarity with the term 'life'). According to al-Farabi, these attributes have no underlying causes for their appearance, since there is nothing that could precede the First himself. Since these attributes are attributes of perfection and by their nature, definition and characteristics belong to the First, that is, they express the very perfection of the First, and then these attributes do not have any basis for their appearance. The very basis of their existence is their belonging to the First, as qualities of a descriptive and at the same time substantive nature. So here, al-Farabi describes these attributes based on the very pre-existence of the First as such. Al-Farabi describes the above-mentioned qualities of being the First in paragraphs 7-10 of his On the Perfect State. In these four paragraphs, al-Farabi gives the most general describing of the perfection of God, referring to the attributes of an existential and cognitive nature that are a priori inherent in the divine nature of the First Being. This means that the existence of the First is determined, first, by the existence of those attributes that, in a fundamental sense, indicate its original and unconditional perfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critiques Oritsegbubemi Anthony Oyowe's "Ontology, Realism and the Persistence of Ancestral Persons" response to Katrina Flikschuh's "The Arc of Personhood" argument on the theoretical grounding of ancestors in Ifeanyi Menkiti's work. Flikschuh argues that ancestors are uncertain and redundant such that one can only account for them practically. Contrastingly, Oyowe defends Menkiti's concept of ancestors as social kinds in his innovative attempt to theoretically ground them. The article argues that the dialogue between these thinkers reflects an exogenous reading of African experiential reality, effectively lending itself to epistemic erasure. In the end, the existence of ancestors is ambiguous at best in both their accounts. The article first questions Flikschuh's view and suggests that it is paradigmatic of white solipsism. Thereafter, the article contends that while Oyowe's social ontology injunction challenges Western realism, he fails to account for mind-independent ancestral persons. In the end, he only partially captures African experiential reality, thereby reflecting Western ways of being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In relation to the discussion on the concept of perfection in Hebrews, the author's emphasis on Jesus's solidarity with human mortality has been considered as simple reference to the precondition of his Christological role and his sympathetic character, which shares human weaknesses. However, the substantial connection between the discussions on sonship in Heb 12 and on the Son in Heb 1–2 suggests a fresh reading of the text's emphasis on Jesus's mortality along with his role as ἀρχηγός of other sons. The author of Hebrews presents the notion that human mortality is a divinely designed opportunity for the sons of God to acquire the discipline necessary to be prepared to become the heirs of the eternal inheritance. The one who totally entrusts his own life to the Father is the genuinely obedient son, and this true obedience is cultivated when the sons choose obedience on the occasion of the test, i.e., "fear of death," which is unaffectedly derived from the status of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benjamin Constant's On Religion was a major effort to include religion within liberal political thought, insisting on the possibility of religious progress and perfectibility. It was also a major critique of Catholicism and of clericalism in any form. And it was one of the most wide-ranging comparative studies of religion since it purported to cover all religions worldwide before Christianity. Constant worked on it for most of his adult life, more than 40 years. This article traces the rise of the language of progress and perfectibility in Constant's milieu, finding roots in Rousseau, Scottish thinkers, Germans and Swiss such as Madame de Staël, Condorcet, William Godwin, and others. He also sprinkled some of his ideas about progress and perfectibility in his wide-ranging political writings. But it was in On Religion that he went into the idea of progress and perfectibility in depth, finding both a universal human need for religion and religious progress in every religion and over time. It may be true that he underestimated the possibility of regress and failure in human development, but nevertheless this work stands as a monument to liberal confidence in a better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a response to critics of Jeffrey Church's book, "Kant, Liberalism, and the Meaning of Life." Church argues that contemporary liberal theory often overlooks the importance of human nature in political theorizing. He draws on the works of philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, Hume, and Smith to emphasize the role of human nature in understanding political problems and human powers. Church also discusses how Kant's anthropology can contribute to a distinctively liberal meaning for our lives and help us understand the challenges faced by any regime in pursuing justice. The article addresses criticisms regarding the application of Kantian liberalism to cosmopolitan concerns, the incorporation of religiously inspired political doctrines, and the comparison between Kant and Rawls. The text explores the relationship between Kant's anthropology and his political and ethical philosophy, discussing concepts such as freedom, independence, nature, and providence. The author argues that Kant's anthropology can inform normative debates and offers a more naturalist interpretation of Kant's philosophy. The text also addresses criticisms of the author's interpretation, including the idea that human nature is ineradicably divided and the potential for progress towards moral and political perfection. The given text is a response to critics of a symposium, with the author expressing gratitude for the thoughtful engagement with their work and acknowledging that they would revise their presentation based on the concerns raised by the scholars. The text includes references to various philosophers and discusses concepts like providence, evil, and freedom. [Extracted from the article]

When Antoine Arnauld, in his Fourth Set of Objections, aimed at Descartes' Meditations, expressed the difficulty of accepting the certainty that God exists only because we clearly and distinctly perceive this, with the claim that what we clearly and distinctly perceive is true only because God exists; he sets the structural problem of Cartesian epistemology, which is also popularly known as the Cartesian Circle. Descartes replied by drawing attention to the difference between clear and distinct perceptions to which one is actually attending and clear and distinction perceptions that one merely remembers having considered in the past. He claims that whereas the former perception is beyond doubt, the latter cannot be trusted until it is established that a non-deceptive God exists. The controversy surrounding the Cartesian Circle has been reduced to debates concerning whether Descartes was interested mainly in providing a psychologically stable system of beliefs or if he wanted to establish that these beliefs correspond to reality. Hence, the underlying question concerning the Cartesian Circle is whether Descartes intended to provide a formidable challenge to the reliability of human cognition or whether he merely wanted to use the skeptical process to direct the reader to a clear and distinct perception and then on to the first principles of metaphysics. Whereas there is evidence on both sides of the argument, the present essay will focus on the metaphysics of God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document studies the development of female religious movements in Germany in the 12th and 13th centuries, focusing on the Vitae Sororum of Unterlinden compiled by Catherine de Gueberschwihr around 1320. These hagiographic accounts highlight the spiritual journey of the nuns towards human perfection and eternal salvation, emphasizing the importance of affiliation with the Dominican order and the spiritual autonomy of the nuns. Ascetic practices and collaboration with the preaching brothers illustrate their quest for spiritual perfection within the framework of orthodoxy, marked by a direct and intimate relationship with the divine. [Extracted from the article]

This article argues that the new covenant promises in Jer 31:31–34 and Isa 52:11–54:17 stand as key theological antecedents to Jas 1. This background informs the author's meaning of the concept of wholeness. This "new covenant wholeness" connects the central themes in the chapter: Steadfastness through travails produce wholeness (1:4). God's wholeness is put on display as he gives "generously" to all (1:5), and his gifts are "whole" (1:17). New covenant members have received the "implanted word" (1:21) and show no division between faith and action through their meditation on the "perfect law of liberty" (1:25). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In an era still plagued by popularized skepticism toward utopian thought, Marge Piercy's 1976 novel Woman on the Edge of Time remains a compelling exploration of potential futures. This essay juxtaposes anti-utopian critiques of perfection, violence, and instrumental rationalism with Piercy's portrayal of both utopian and dystopian worlds. By examining these critiques alongside the novel, this essay argues for a reinterpretation of utopia beyond the assumptions of promised perfection. Rather, this essay embraces the flawed nature of the human condition and claims imperfection as a central feature of utopia itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1580, Henry Bynneman printed a slim volume titled Three Proper, and wittie, familiar Letters: lately passed between two Vniuersitie men. Collaboratively devised by Gabriel Harvey and Edmund Spenser, it offers a choreographed display of their friendship, virtuosity, and poetic preferences, thus providing a unique perspective on the literary milieu of Elizabethan England. This essay explores a curious garden reference in this epistolary collection—one that deserves attention not just for the way it pairs a garden with a poetic exercise but also for the way it represents the kind of garden-based rhetoric popular among poets seeking patronage during this period. Harvey accesses the classical convention of equating the locus amoenus with the locus poeticus but does so in a way that localizes the setting and personalizes the drama of composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Buletin Al-Turas is the property of Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Edad de Oro is the property of Departamento de Filologia Espanola de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to represent the author's methodology for assessing the excellence of agriculture, which would be implanted into a single efficiency formula, which involves conceptualization of the assessment of fertility reproduction processes. The authors started from the hypothesis that post-industrial agriculture will be more and more regulated according to the criteria of ecological, not market perfection. The industry will not focus on market efficiency, but the market will adapt to environmental requirements. At the same time, ecological perfection will be determined by the dynamics of soil fertility. The methodology (logic of cognition) was built on the specified hypothesis, according to which the efficiency of modern agriculture should be evaluated by the carbon balance in the production process. Methodologically, this means evaluating the dynamics and overall balance of organic matter (humus) in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers de Littérature Française is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itinerarios (1507-7241) is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this academic article, we aim to compare the regulation of the rights of the President of Mongolia and international standards, and propose proposals for improving its legal environment. The institution of the President of Mongolia occupies a unique position in the system of our state power institutions, but first of all, it is noteworthy that the Constitution leaves it open as to which branch of the state power the institution of the President belongs to. According to the provisions of Article 3, Section 3.2 of the Law on the President of Mongolia, the President does not belong to any branch of state power. According to the amendments to the Constitution of 2019, Section 4 of the Thirtythird Article was changed to "The President may be granted certain mandates by law only within the scope specified in this Article." It can be seen that this change has the content that specific powers of the President are only within the framework of the basic powers provided by the Constitution, and no new specific powers beyond the basic powers will be granted. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the "other specific powers" of the President in the context of the basic powers stipulated in the Constitution, in order to comply with the content specified in Section 4 of the Thirty-third Article of the Constitution and to ensure the unity of the basic powers of the President. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translator of the short paper translated some of the ethical terms defined by the author (W.W. Lederstein) as very interesting at the time. For example, the author G. W. Leibniz said that "justice" is a sacred spirit of wisdom or the sacred spirit corresponding to wisdom. Mercy is the pursuit of all good, wisdom is the knowledge of supreme joy, joy is the permanent joy, and joy is the perfect beauty. "Feeling and perfect beauty (perfection) are the stages of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]