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This paper studies research and development (R &D) for product innovation of firms faced with "product life cycles." We represent the concept of product life cycles with bounded revenue and profit functions and describe R &D for product innovation as an activity to control the "birth rate of a new product" (i.e., the probability of product innovation). We then derive the optimal level of R &D, corresponding to the optimal birth rate of a new product, and show that the growth rate of the firm's expected total revenue converges to the optimal birth rate of a new product in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite global efforts to harmonize international trade statistics, our understanding of digital trade and its implications remains limited. Here, we introduce a method to estimate bilateral exports and imports for dozens of sectors starting from the corporate revenue data of large digital firms. This method allows us to provide estimates for digitally ordered and delivered trade involving digital goods (e.g. video games), productized services (e.g. digital advertising), and digital intermediation fees (e.g. hotel rental), which together we call digital products. We use these estimates to study five key aspects of digital trade. We find that, compared to trade in physical goods, digital product exports are more spatially concentrated, have been growing faster, and can offset trade balance estimates, like the United States trade deficit on physical goods. We also find that countries that have decoupled economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions tend to have larger digital exports and that digital exports contribute positively to the complexity of economies. This method, dataset, and findings provide a new lens to understand the impact of international trade in digital products. This study introduces a method to quantify trade in digital products, like cloud computing and mobile games. It finds that this trade grows rapidly, may impact trade balances, support economic decoupling, and enhance economic complexity measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer loyalty continues to be a crucial factor for retail banks in maintaining market share, increasing revenue and profits, and reducing costs in the highly competitive business landscape of today. They consistently strive for innovation to maintain a competitive edge, introducing novel experiences and heightened satisfaction to customers, thereby enhancing customer loyalty. This study aims to examine the effect of service innovation on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the Vietnamese banking sector. The research investigates banking service innovation from three angles: novel service concept, novel service procedure, and novel technological distribution system. To confirm the relationship between concepts and complete the survey questionnaire, qualitative research techniques are employed. Simultaneously, a quantitative research technique (structural equation modeling—SEM) is used to assess the relationship between concepts. The study surveyed 398 clients of Vietnamese retail banks. All dimensions of service innovation, including novel service concept, novel service procedure, and novel technological distribution system, have positive effects on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Customer satisfaction also has a substantial effect on customer loyalty. Finally, it then draws some conclusions and makes some recommendations to retail banks to improve both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty via enhancing service innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares potential revenue from electric storage in retail and wholesale electric markets. The retail value can be extracted when storage responds to time-of-day retail prices. The wholesale value is enabled by the recent US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Order 2222, which requires regional transmission operators (RTOs) to allow distributed storage behind the meter to participate in wholesale electric markets. To quantify the value of these markets, we use realistic time-of-day rates and market prices in one RTO's ancillary service market. Formulae are developed to estimate the value of behind-the-meter storage in wholesale and retail markets, using an example electric vehicle in a fleet setting. The formulae are also used to compare whether or not net metering is available and different charging rates. The aggregate national storage behind the retail meter is very large, given the projected growth of electric vehicles. Our findings indicate the revenue from wholesale markets can be significantly more than that of retail opportunities. However, the potential in either retail or wholesale markets is currently limited by both state policy and incomplete RTO implementation of FERC orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of nonprofit commercialization, the increased reliance on revenues from commercial activities such as program and service fees, is one of the most significant topics in nonprofit finance studies. Commercialization can jeopardize nonprofits' efforts to secure financial sustainability as donors become reluctant to contribute to highly commercialized nonprofits. This study examines the effect of thematic and episodic framing in acquiring support on nonprofit commercialization with an online survey experiment. The findings reveal that both thematic and episodic framings increase willingness to donate and volunteer, and combining both framings is more effective than using a single framing, suggesting that nonprofits can benefit from message framing in persuading donors and stakeholders of nonprofit commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study provides a bibliometric analysis of bank efficiency and competition over the past years (from 1993 to 2022) to (1) discover the past and current state of knowledge on bank competition and efficiency, (2) identify leading and authoritative journals and scholars who made significant contributions to the distribution of knowledge and impact, (3) identify nations that made a significant contribution and impact to the literature and (4) identify the structure of collaboration that exists between scholars in the areas of bank competition and efficiency and key thematic areas. Design/methodology/approach: A total number of 868 documents made up of articles, reviews, book chapters, book and conference papers from the Scopus database were gathered. This study used a bibliometric analytic approach. Findings: The number of documents on bank competitiveness and efficiency has increased significantly, as have their total publications, citations and national output. Additionally, the most esteemed and prestigious academic journals of eminent academics who have had a significant impact on the dissemination of knowledge on bank efficiency and competition literature champion papers on banking efficiency and competition. In terms of citation performance and collaborative efforts, the United States tops the developed countries, led by China, which is also the most productive. Additionally, single-country publications predominate in the literature, with China ranking first among the top five countries with corresponding authors. While the Lerner index, H-statistic, concentration index and market power were used to measure bank competitive behaviour, the data envelopment analysis approach predominates efficiency estimation techniques that are linked to cost, profit or revenue, scale, technical and productivity indexes. Originality/value: This study is one of the first to offer bibliometric evidence of both bank competition and efficiency. It also offers proof of the distribution of knowledge and intellectual structure of the concepts and concerns in bank competition and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines four major Financial Fair Play (FFP) cases that have come before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Although significant previous work has addressed FFP in European football, there is a major gap where its treatment at the CAS is concerned. In addition to creating substantial holes in the effectiveness of FFP regulations, the progression of the four cases discussed have let some of FFP's most egregious offenders avoid sanctions they would consider damaging. In considering two especially important cases, this article argues that Paris Saint-Germain and Manchester City have provided ample guidance for transforming mediocre clubs through disguised equity infusions to circumvent FFP until a sustainable revenue structure is created. For the CAS, the case line resulting in major FFP offending clubs escaping meaningful sanctions builds upon a body of anti-doping jurisprudence that has had the effect of shifting the cost-benefit analysis of rule breaking. This failure in both the FFP and CAS realms leads into a larger emergent policy reform conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of individual weights in broiler farming is not only crucial for increasing farm income but also directly linked to the revenue growth of integrated broiler companies, necessitating prompt resolution. This paper proposes a model to estimate daily average broiler weights using time and weight data collected through scales. In the proposed model, a method of self-adjusting weights in the bandwidth calculation formula is employed, and the daily average weight representative value is estimated using KDE. The focus of this study is to contribute to the individual weight management of broilers by intensively researching daily fluctuations in average broiler weight. To address this, weight and time data are collected and preprocessed through scales. The Gaussian kernel density estimation model proposed in this paper aims to estimate the representative value of the daily average weight of a single broiler using statistical estimation methods, allowing for self-adjustment of bandwidth values. When applied to the dataset collected through scales, the proposed Gaussian kernel density estimation model with self-adjustable bandwidth values confirmed that the estimated daily weight did not deviate beyond the error range of ±50 g compared with the actual measured values. The next step of this study is to systematically understand the impact of the broiler environment on weight for sustainable management strategies for broiler demand, derive optimal rearing conditions for each farm by combining location and weight data, and develop a model for predicting daily average weight values. The ultimate goal is to develop an artificial intelligence model suitable for weight management systems by utilizing the estimated daily average weight of a single broiler even in the presence of error data collected from multiple weight measurements, enabling more efficient automatic measurement of broiler weight and supporting both farms and broiler demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore two complementary mechanisms that are designed to work together to reduce spatial inequality—redrawing municipal borders and the redistribution of tax resources. This study's methodology is based on the empirical analysis of 376 decisions of boundary commissions and permanent geographic commissions that resulted in land transfers and redistributed tax resources in Israel. Our findings indicate that the impact on spatial inequality is mixed. Over time, the amount of land transferred to low socio-economic municipalities has increased, provided that these municipalities are located in the center of the country, or have a Jewish ethnic majority, are politically affiliated with the Minister of the Interior and the ultra-Orthodox right, are financially sound, and have a large population and a large area. In contrast, the redistribution of tax resources provides revenue increases for low socio-economic municipalities that are in the periphery, largely populated by Arabs, are unaffiliated with powerful politicians, are financially weak and small in size and population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax debt collection is an important element for optimizing state revenue, but until now it has not run optimally. The process of collecting tax debts in Indonesia is often long and complicated. Tax collection faces obstacles such as short billing expirations, regulatory complexity, and unwieldy sanctions. The solution to this challenge involves improving regulations, increasing taxpayer awareness, strengthening institutions, and mitigating external factors affecting tax payment. This research is expected to provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms in enhancing tax debt collection for state revenue in Indonesia and an analysis of the current institutional regulations governing tax debt collections, providing insights into potential areas for reform and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We investigate a finite‐horizon dynamic pricing problem of a seller under limited commitment. Even when the buyers are ex ante symmetric to the seller, the seller can charge different prices to different buyers. We show that under the class of posted‐price mechanisms this asymmetric treatment of symmetric buyers strictly revenue‐dominates symmetric treatment. The seller implements this by using a priority‐based deterministic tie‐breaking rule instead of using a random tie‐breaking rule. The effect of asymmetric treatment on revenue increment increases monotonically as we increase the time horizon of the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically examines the RevPASH formula used in restaurant revenue management. It highlights limitations in the formula, which combines seat count and service hours, making it difficult to discern variations in revenue drivers. To address this, the paper proposes a revised formula that separates variables for focused analysis. The new formula enhances understanding of the metrics purpose as a baseline unit of measure and reflects capacity as physical seating capacity. It also suggests pairing seat utilization for additional context and deeper insights into demand patterns, capacity utilization, and operational efficiencies. These advancements enable analysts to make more informed decisions for optimizing restaurant revenue and profit performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optimization model is necessary to depict and induce the volatility and irregularity of manufacturing technology standard (MTS) diffusion processes to ensure that the standard can be widely adopted by related stakeholders in host countries. This paper clarifies the two‐sided network coordination of MTS's transactional diffusion, consisting of new product diffusion among users and new technology diffusion among local suppliers. A procurement contract is introduced to connect and coordinate the two‐sided networks. The manufacturer from the home country is responsible for the contract design, which aims to maximize its net revenue by considering the product diffusion processes. Local suppliers determine whether to accept the contract. The decision‐making objectives of the contract acceptance for each local supplier are to maximize the net revenue and minimize workload fluctuation. The new standard‐based products are produced and sold by the manufacturer. The corresponding local supplier adopts new standard‐based technologies and supplies components for final product production if a contract is accepted. Therefore, a one‐leader and multiple‐follower Stackelberg game is proposed to figure out the best solution after coordinating the multiple objectives of each participant. The contract design and the contract acceptance are the leader and the follower, respectively. Analytical solutions under a specific MTS for refrigerator production are developed incorporating a nested Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm‐II. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently coordinate the two‐sided networks of MTS diffusion and balance the net revenue of all related stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dual-credit policy promotes green transition in automobile companies. This paper investigates the dual-credit policy framework in the Chinese automotive industry, with a focus on the phenomenon of free riding. This occurs when traditional vehicle manufacturers within an alliance benefit from the excess credits generated by a transitioning vehicle company without fully committing to their own green transitioning. The focus of this study lies on an alliance constituted by a transitioning vehicle company in partnership with two traditional vehicle manufacturers, all interconnected via equity ties. Utilizing an agent-based system dynamics model, this study explores the strategic behaviors emerging from such credit collaborations and their consequent effects on operational efficiency and financial performance. The findings reveal that 1. free riding negatively impacts the transitioning company's revenue but benefits the alliance by easing transition pressures and boosting collective performance; 2. stricter policies increase intra-alliance credit transfers and performance, while lower credit prices reduce transfer value and harm the transitioning company's earnings. This study implies that transitioning vehicle companies with equity-linked partners can benefit from a nuanced understanding of how policy mechanisms interact with alliance dynamics under free riding. By adjusting credit transfer strategies in line with market conditions and policy trends, they can better navigate the dual-credit policy landscape, balancing individual profitability with the needs of the broader alliance and long-term sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article on factors that influence increasing revenue: baggage drop service, determining flight time slots, and tenant selection within the scope of marketing management science. This article aims to create hypotheses regarding the relationship between factors, which can then be used for further research in the field of marketing management. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data used in this research comes from previous research which is still relevant to the current investigation. Data was collected from leading academic online platforms, including Publish or Perish, Google Scholar, digital reference books, and Sprott journals. The results of this literature research include: 1) Baggage drop services have an effect on increasing revenue; 2) Determining the flight slot time has an effect on increasing revenue; and 3) Tenant selection has an effect on increasing revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power generation has the problem of wind resource waste. Wind‐hydrogen coupled can enhance wind power's utilization and revenue. Currently, there is no discussion of the impact of multiple factors on the system configuration. In this study, take the annual profit of the wind‐hydrogen coupled power generation systems (WHCPGS) as the objective function, and construct the multi‐factor capacity configuration model. Using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to solve the model, and analyzes the impact of multi‐factors on the system's annual profit and revenue mode. The results show that with 30 wind turbines, the coupled system annual profit increases by 43% compared to the alone system. The higher investment does not make the system more rewarding. The configuration results are the same for investments of 0.8 billion ¥ and 1 billion ¥. The price at 0.20 ¥ kW−1 h−1, the coupled system has the optimal annual profit. Fuel cells' (FCs) electricity price and hydrogen transportation distance are crucial factors influencing the mode of the system profit. This study has specific reference significance for the practical application of capacity configuration of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional commercial banks are impacted by financial disintermediation amid the advent of online banking. Lower revenue has forced banks to focus on new non-interest revenue to increase bank revenue. With banks' serious efforts toward digital transformation, this study is interested in examining whether digital transformation can affect non-interest income in China. Nonetheless, as the net profit of Chinese banks has dropped by 4.95 percent, rapid digital transformation does not promote non-interest income effectively. This study foresees the crucial role of financial inclusion in moderating the case and sets this as the ultimate aim of this study. This article uses the GMM to conduct an empirical study on the data of 116 banks from 2014 to 2021. As expected, the results show a non-favorable effect of digital transformation on non-interest income, but financial inclusion successfully brings a positive note. Hence, to grow together with customers, while initially, banks may have to lower the interest charges, efforts to enhance everyone's pursuit for a better financial life may help banks to enjoy more profit via higher non-interest income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between revenue and profit drivers and long-term financial performance in the hotel industry based on 17-years data (2004–2020) of six US hotel chains. The analysis creates, tests, and analyzes a cross-level model that examines the complex endogenous relationships, underlying long-term financial performance of hotels. Specifically, we examine the interaction of room price (ADR) and customer satisfaction (ACSI) within a sales-volume-driver framework that impacts financial performance through profitability, measured at both the operating and accounting levels. This study seeks to advance our understanding of these relationships, their characteristics, and their implications for long-term financial performance in the hotel industry. The findings reveal that customer satisfaction is more important than price in achieving long-term financial success in the hotel industry, whereas room nights sold is significant positive driver of all performance levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Businesses investing in production digitalization equipment are supposed to benefit from increased productivity, enhanced efficiency, and revenue growth. Despite the increasing use of digital technologies in business, many companies still struggle to measure and maximize their returns from production digitalization investments. This research assesses the impact of production digitalization investments on companies' financial performance (operating revenue) for European businesses in the period of 2013 to 2021. To achieve this target, we performed a Fixed Effects Panel Regression analysis, using a sample size of 5706 records from the Orbis database for 30 countries, covering 634 business units. The production digitalization investment in this research is expressed by a calculated variable value, measured as the annual change in a company's Plant and Machinery value, adjusted with corresponding an annual depreciation value for the assets. The regression output was analyzed by considering the characteristics of the company size and business location. The results suggest that companies in Eastern Europe benefit more from production digitalization than those in Western Europe. The analysis highlights the tendency for the company costs of the employee and intangible fixed asset value to increase as production digitalization investments grow. Additionally, it shows that large companies tend to gain more from such investments than smaller ones. The analysis provides support and guidance for businesses' production digitalization investment strategic decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most entrepreneurs seek VC funding after the reward-based crowdfunding campaign succeeds, and venture capitalists (VCs) can contribute to the project in two aspects: investment and operational expertise. With a game-theoretical model, we find that entrepreneurs face twelve possible scenarios contingent on the mass market revenue and revenue share, including the six scenarios wherein neither side exerts effort to complete the project. To attract VC funding and ensure the project completion after a campaign success, entrepreneurs should set the funding goal above a certain threshold. Specifically, we identify three ranges of the revenue share and derive the lower bound for the funding goal in each range. However, we notice that entrepreneurs prefer a low funding goal to promise the campaign success and the optimal goal will be the lower bound in each range. Moreover, we show that the revenue share is decisive to the role of VCs in the project. If the entrepreneur's share exceeds a high threshold, the venture capitalist becomes a pure investor with no incentive to exert effort, similar to the role of banks; if the share is less than a low threshold, the entrepreneur won't follow up but transfers the project, and the VC investor will be a project owner; if the share stays medium, the VC investor acts as a partner and there may exist "free-riding". In the extension, we consider the revenue share an endogenous and analyse the role of VCs further. Interestingly, the VC investor prefers to own the project and occupy all revenue in mass market, while the entrepreneur treats the inefficient venture capitalist as a pure investor and the efficient one as a partner. In addition, when cooperating with efficient VCs, the entrepreneur is more likely to enlarge her share as the mass market revenue increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation has an essential place in societies and importance to people in terms of its social and economic aspects. Innovative rail systems need to be integrated with developing technologies for transportation. Systemic failures, personnel errors, sabotage, and cyber-attacks in the techniques used will cause a damaged corporate reputation and revenue losses. In this study, cybersecurity attack methods in smart rail systems were determined, and cyber events occurring worldwide through these technologies were analyzed. Risk analysis in terms of transportation safety in smart rail systems was determined by considering the opinions of 10 different experts along with the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) performance criteria. Informatics experts were selected from a group of people with at least 5–15 years of experience. According to these risk analysis calculations, cybersecurity stood out as the most critical security risk at 27.74%. Other risky areas included physical security, calculated at 14.59%, operator errors at 16.20%, and environmental security at 10.93%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction sector accounts for 23% of CO 2 emissions from global economic activity, with China responsible for nearly 41%. Although China has vigorously promoted the development of prefabricated buildings (PBS) in pursuit of cleaner production, the carbon emissions from prefabricated component factories (PCF) should not be underestimated. So, the focus of this research was on how to promote the decarbonization of PCF. Based on the carbon trading market mechanism, the carbon emissions trading tax and revenue tax collection, the authors established a differential game model consisting of the local government and the PCF, studied the equilibrium solutions under different decision models, and analyzed the roles of the two tax systems, carbon trading revenue, and market preferences. The results are as follows: (1) The PCF's low-carbon technology (LCT) innovation efforts can be directly affected by the carbon price, component price, and tax rate and indirectly affected by influencing the local government's efforts. Besides, the local government and the PCF strategies can be changed through the central government's regulation of carbon prices and tax rates. (2) PCF should set reasonable prices for components, improving economic efficiency and the LCT stocks. (3) Cost-sharing contracts can encourage PCF to increase their LCT innovation, which is conducive to increasing the optimal benefits of the PCF. (4) The local government cannot be motivated by cost-sharing contracts. They can increase their optimal benefits only if the cost-sharing coefficient is below a threshold or if the environmental benefits from low-carbon production are above a specific value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment in Naming Rights in sport has increased in Brazil, although the country is not among the main markets that grant brands the possibility of associating their names with arenas, clubs and competitions. This study seeks to understand how the "right to name" relates to sports sponsorship, and aims to contribute to the construction of a brazilian perspective that addresses this sponsorship action associated with Communication and Sport. To this end, through a literature review, exploratory research and in-depth interviews, it aims to determine the possible modalities of Naming Rights and their interrelationships with sports sponsorship. As a contribution to the research, a sponsorship diagram is proposed which situates Naming Rights as a brand promotion alternative for sponsors, and its adoption as a revenue increase for sports organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the management of fishing efforts on small pelagic purse seine vessels. Fishing business management that includes revenue profit, contribution margin (CM), breakeven point (BEP), payback period (PP), revenue cost ratio (R/C), and return on investment (ROI) on small pelagic purse seine vessels is necessary to determine the feasibility of a business. Based on the research results, the gross profit was IDR 1,045,192,000, and the net profit was IDR 830,561,667. CM obtained IDR 1,045,192,000. The BEP found that catch production should reach 17,337 kg with a sales value of IDR 570,956,377. The return period, or PP, is 3 years and 5 months. R/C is 1.43. The ROI calculation is 29%. Based on the calculations that have been made, the fishing business on small pelagic purse seiners at PPP Bajomulyo is considered a profitable business, so it is worth continuing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug trade has garnered significant attention as a critical funding source for various terrorist organisations. This systematic review summarises the existing empirical knowledge about the Taliban and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia's (FARC) involvement, and profit from the drug trade, and methods of estimating drug trade revenue. Thirty-one studies were identified. Twenty-three about the Taliban, seven about the FARC, and one about both groups. Estimates of annual profit varied from US$19 to US$500 million for the Taliban and US$140 to US$3.5 billion for the FARC. Fourteen of the twenty-four studies about the Taliban provided an estimate and merely six studies discussed the methods used to generate those estimates. Among the eight studies about the FARC, four provided an estimate but one described the method employed. Studies used a variety of information sources. The review shows the need for caution regarding existing estimates and a more methodologically rigorous analysis of linkages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the moderating effect of firm type of MSMEs on the relationship between ambidexterity and earnings performance. This idea was tested using a quantitative methodology in this study. The research instrument was a questionnaire filled out by the respondents. The participants in this study were all MSME leaders in Tangerang City, Banten, Indonesia. For this study, 209 participants were randomly selected, and data were analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). This study found that ambidexterity has a positive and statistically significant effect on financial performance. In addition, the type of MSMEs increases the relationship between all aspects of ambidexterity (product exploration, product exploitation, market exploration, and market exploitation) and revenue performance. The research proposes a novelty study, namely to analyze to what extent the type of MSMEs can moderate ambidexterity on income performance by also analyzing control variables (gender, age, and education) using Multilevel regression analysis, which has never been done by researchers before, at least in the MSME sector in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many professional football clubs have big plans for new stadiums or stadium expansions. Bigger stadiums are a sign of status, help to increase and diversify revenue streams, and enhance the fan experience. So how should a football club go about getting a bigger stadium? Should they build a new one or expand their existing stadium? And how are these stadium investments associated with club performance? Using an event study approach, we analyze sporting performance in the years around stadium investments in the English Premier League from 1992/1993 to 2021/2022. We find that clubs with stadium expansions have better subsequent sporting performance while clubs with new stadiums do not. Further analysis indicates that investments in new stadiums are associated with a temporary decrease in transfer expenditure. This decrease is not the case for stadium expansions as transfer expenditure is maintained and performance on the field subsequently improves. In summary, our analysis indicates that stadium expansions are the better option for professional football clubs as they increase both stadium capacity and sporting performance in the shortterm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frame of the research: The link between financial performance and company size has long been a phenomenon that has been investigated with specific reference to the enterprise; starting from this consolidated literature and given the importance that social cooperatives have assumed in the current economic scenario, a summary indicator that can adequately express this link is considered more useful than ever. No previous study faced the topic of this study related to social cooperatives, as hybrid businesses that combine characters typical of firms with specific peculiarities. Purpose of the paper: The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate, through an empirical study, the informative power of Value Added in reflecting the relationship between economic performance and size regarding social cooperatives. Methodology: The analysis considers a sample of 9,268 Italian social cooperatives to highlight the expressiveness of Value Added in reflecting the link between its performance and size. The study applies a combination of two different methods to reach its aim: correlation analysis and analysis of the association between characteristics. Findings: The study shows that Value Added has a greater capacity than Operating earnings to reflect the business trend in size and employment creation. Research limits: The research is limited to two years for reasonable and justified reasons; however, this period is objectively short and requires expansion in future studies of the phenomenon investigated. The study ties size growth to economic performance alone, excluding other factors (quality of governance, organizational set-up, working conditions, reward systems, etc.) that require consideration in future insights. Practical implications: The research demonstrates the opportunity to: reconfigure the income statement format by making Value Added explicit, including information on the creation and distribution of Value Added in the social balance sheet; use temporal changes in Value Added in the construc-tion of indicators aimed at signalling the capacity of the company to create jobs. Originality of the paper: This research extends and deepens the analysis on the correlation between size and performance focusing on social cooperatives, a particular type of social enterprise that previous studies on Value Added have neglected. It increases knowledge of the informative properties of Value Added and provides insights for creating valuable tools for applying incentive policies to so-cial cooperatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF), a non-thermal technology, can assist conventional olive oil extraction with a positive impact on production efficiency, maintaining the extra-virgin classification. This study evaluated the impact of PEF on the "Galega Vulgar" cultivar for the first time on a pilot scale. Its application at the industrial level should be investigated based on the promising results obtained. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) technology in the extraction of olive oil on a pilot scale, using the "Galega Vulgar" olive variety as raw material. The extraction assisted by PEF had a malaxation time of 30 min and was compared with the traditional process of 45 min of malaxation. The main quality parameters of olive oil and the PEF's cost-benefit assessment were performed. The incorporation of PEF in olive oil production reduced the malaxation stage by 33% without compromising the yield or extra-virgin classification. This efficiency leads to a potential 12.3% increase in annual olive oil production, with a 12.3% and 36.8% rise in revenue and gross profit, respectively. For small-scale production, the considerable upfront investment required for PEF equipment may be a challenge in terms of return on investment. In this scenario, opting for a renting scheme is the best economic solution, especially given the seasonal nature of olive oil production. In medium- to large-scale production, the investment in PEF is a sound investment since it is possible to achieve, with an equipment cost of EUR 450,000 and a production output of 5 tons per hour, an annual ROI of 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sales training is a challenge for any domestic or multinational company, manufacturer or service provider, large or small, especially in today's rapidly changing global economy. Companies spend millions of dollars on employee training, and sales training is a significant portion of that budget. Previous research shows that training improves a seller's knowledge base and skill level, leading to better performance. This current study explored multiple dynamics of Sales training in revenue generation, especially in the sales of E-commerce platforms. The survey was conducted directly to participants at each online store using a structured questionnaire. A total of 238 valid cases were obtained from the 500 questionnaires distributed, and then the results were further analyzed by tech-based tools. The current study highlighted that the sales triaging of the online sales team in the E-commerce organization collectively enhanced the productivity, efficiency and organizational performance, including the sales team turnover, followed by some significant enhancement in the revenue of online sales. Hence it was identified that sales training possessed ultimate effects on online sales and discussed with shreds of evidence in this particular research study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to solve the realistic dilemma between the importance of entrepreneurship and the high rate of entrepreneurial failure, and to point out the direction of subsequent research. Design/methodology/approach: The paper takes the form of a literature review. Findings: Entrepreneurial activities involve multiple dimensions. Entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial teams will be affected by multiple factors when starting a business, and sufficient attention should be paid to both the factors within the group and the factors outside the group such as institutional quality and market competition. High entrepreneurial failure rate is an essential characteristic of entrepreneurial activities, while solving this problem requires entrepreneurs to maintain passion, clarify their own motivation, improve their learning abilities and adopt appropriate entrepreneurial strategies to improve entrepreneurial performance. Meanwhile, it also urgent to build entrepreneurial teams with common goals, heterogeneous knowledge structure, outstanding learning ability, solid mutual trust, strong social influence and social capital. Successful entrepreneurship should adhere to the perspective of openness and cooperation. It should not only actively strengthen international cooperation but also fully adapt to the country's system and culture. Sustainable growth of entrepreneurial enterprises requires not only stable commercial revenue but also responsibility to society, which in turn leads to a good reputation and high social recognition. Practical implications: The authors hope this review can provide some insightful viewpoints for deepening the theoretical system of entrepreneurship, improving the success rate of entrepreneurship and promoting the sustainable growth of enterprises. Originality/value: Further research can be carried out on the promotion of business growth by entrepreneurship at the micro level in the following aspects: analyze functional mechanism between innovation and entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship research by integrating multiple institutional contexts and cultural traditions; consider the changes in emerging technologies on entrepreneurial activities; diversified mechanism between entrepreneurship education and business growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2018, the United States implemented a nationwide law requiring chain restaurants with more than 20 units to post calorie counts next to each of their menu items. Previously, individual cities, counties, and states had passed such laws, and certain chains had voluntarily posted calorie counts. Despite the widespread nature of this practice, the effect of calorie counts on restaurant outcomes is still not well understood. This paper estimates the impact of restaurant menu calorie labels on four important outcomes: 1) restaurant revenue; 2) restaurant profit; 3) the labor time of kitchen staff; and 4) patrons' support for calorie labels. We estimate these impacts by conducting a randomized controlled experiment in two full-service restaurants. The results indicate that posting calorie counts on menus has no detectable negative impact on restaurants – the impacts on revenue, profit, and labor time are indistinguishable from zero. Moreover, exposure to the labels increases patrons' support of restaurant menu calorie labels by 14.3% and reduces their opposition to them by 27.1%. Altogether, these results suggest that posting calorie counts does not harm restaurants, and are appealing to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically investigates the revenue return to differential seat pricing in the Korean movie theater market and how it is affected by competition. In March 2016, one of three major multiplex chains in the market divided the seats in most of its screening auditoria into prime (high-quality), standard (medium-quality), and economy (low-quality) zones, and started charging different prices for each seating zone. For the analysis, we construct a unique dataset that contains ticket prices and the number of tickets that are sold at the show level. We find that differential seat pricing increases revenue on average by 10.6%, but does not affect the number of tickets sold. Based on the results, we suggest that in a situation in which a large number of seats remain unsold, the pricing scheme involves encouraging the sale of the prime zone seats by increasing their price only slightly. By measuring the degree of competition as the number of showings of the same movie that are played by neighboring theaters at a similar time, we also find that competition has a small negative effect on the revenue gain from differential seat pricing. This finding may be explained by switching costs that are due to moviegoers' being away from preferred theater locations and showtimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to construct a model of supervision of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) consisting of: (1) transparency of public policy affects the supervision of the APBD, (2) public accountability affects the supervision of the APBD, (3) religiosity moderates the transparency of public policy to the supervision of the APBD, (4) religiosity moderates public accountability to the supervision of the APBD. This research was conducted at the Malang City Government DPRD Consultant in 2022. Using explanatory research with a saturated sample technique, as many as 44 council members were obtained, excluding the chairman and researcher. Data related to the research variables were collected through questionnaires given directly to respondents. Furthermore, the data was analyzed by moderation double linear regression. Previously, validity, reliability and classical assumption tests were carried out. The hypothesis was tested using a t-test with a 5% alpa. The results prove that: first, transparency of public policies has a significant positive effect on the supervision of the APBD, second, public accountability has a significant positive effect on the supervision of the APBD, third, religiosity strengthens the influence of public policy transparency on the supervision of the APBD, and fourth, religiosity strengthens the influence of public accountability on the supervision of the APBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The retail sector has the largest energy consumption among commercial buildings in the U.S. Although previous studies explored benefits, barriers and solutions for implementing sustainability in various building sectors, research focused on retail facilities has been very scarce. This study aims to explore U.S. facilities managers' perceptions of barriers that prevented the implementation of energy-efficiency practices in the retail sector. Their perceptions were compared by facility size and facilities management company's business revenue. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey was distributed to the members of the International Facility Management Association and the author's LinkedIn network. The survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA. Findings: Managers from large facilities, as opposed to those from small ones, significantly more agreed that the unavailability of building automation systems, a lack of professional writing skills and a lack of awareness of life cycle cost (LCC) were the barriers. Business revenue did not cause significantly different perceptions of the barriers except for a lack of awareness of LCC and a lack of support from upper management. Originality/value: This study fills the research gap on energy efficiency in the retail sector by revealing U.S. facilities managers' perceptions of the barriers to the implementation of energy-efficiency practices in retail stores. This novel study compares perceptions of the facilities managers by facility size and business revenue; this comparison has not been performed before. The study also identified several new barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency in the retail sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining Iran's economic developments over the past five decades shows that Iran's economy has always had a high inflation rate. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the factors affecting inflation in the country. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic variables including liquidity, monetary base, oil revenues, budget deficit, economic growth and inflation rate in Iran in the period of 1991-2020. For this purpose, the combination of two approaches of maximum overlap discrete wavelet-Granger causality and wavelet coherence based on the continuous wavelet approach has been used. The advantage of using the wavelet approach is that it allows the analysis of variables in two dimensions of time and frequency. The results of the analysis of both approaches showed that in the short term, oil revenues increase inflation. The results of the long-term research showed that the inflation rate increases the growth of liquidity. Finally, in the long term, oil revenues have been the cause of inflation, and in the short term, the inflation rate has been a factor affecting the growth rate of the budget deficit. Analyzing the phase difference in the time series of economic growth and inflation shows that in the long-term economic growth with oil and inflation are out of phase. In other words, economic growth with oil and inflation does not move in the same direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of a fiscal policy spending shock on the economy of the Visegrad 4 countries. The impact is estimated with an SVAR model, and the calculations are based on 84 quarterly observations (1999Q1-2019Q4). The results suggest that fiscal expansion has a larger than usual impact in the V4 countries (except for Slovakia): the estimated long-term (5-year) cumulative spending multipliers are 0.81 for Czechia, 1.14 for Hungary, and 1.76 for Poland (the Slovakian multiplier has a value of –0.18, but it is not significant). The discussion section also connects higher spending multipliers with a higher share of value added tax (VAT) revenues, a higher debt ratio, higher foreign debt, and lower openness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuously increasing bank sizes have received much attention from both policymakers and researchers. We present new estimates of returns to scale in cost, revenue, and profit for European banks over 2000–2020 based on nonparametric, local‐linear methods. We find that most banks faced increasing returns to scale in cost and decreasing returns to scale in revenue and profit across years, across European countries, and across bank size quartiles. Our results suggest that restricting the size of banks may not bring too much loss of revenue and profit, but could prevent European banks from exploiting increasing returns to scale in cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamalari Dergisi (MUVU) / Journal of Accounting & Taxation Studies (JATS) is the property of Ankara Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Musavirler Odasi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The district of Takalar has experienced several instances of reduction and delay in the distribution of the General Allocation Fund (DAU) as a consequence of suboptimal budgeting and management of the Regional Budget (APBD). The involvement of the District Government together with the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in the formulation of the APBD reflects the concept of collaboration, yet in practice, Collaborative Governance has not been effectively implemented. This research aims to analyze the reasons behind the ineffective implementation of collaborative governance in the APBD formulation process and the supporting and inhibiting factors of collaborative governance in the APBD formulation of Takalar District. The research utilizes a qualitative descriptive method, with primary data obtained through observations and interviews with representatives from the District Government, DPRD, and the Takalar community. Data analysis techniques include descriptive analysis methods comprising data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings are as follows: 1) Collaborative Governance in the formulation of Takalar District's APBD has not been effectively implemented due to the absence of participatory space and mechanisms for involvement of non-governmental parties, lack of trust between actors and the community, low commitment to the process, insufficient shared understanding of principles and values in good regional financial management, and minimal strategic planning to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of transparent and accountable APBD formulation; 2) Collaborative Governance in APBD formulation is supported by regulations and guidelines for APBD formulation from both central and regional authorities, the presence of the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) overseeing regional financial management, and the capacity of leadership of institutions involved in APBD formulation. However, Collaborative Governance in APBD formulation is hindered by the lack of competent human resources in budget management, underutilization of technology, poor coordination among involved actors, insignificant participation of non-governmental parties, and low initiative of leadership roles in promoting transparency and accountability in APBD formulation. Research recommendations include the need to establish formal mechanisms in the form of regulations and policies to open participatory spaces for the involvement of non-governmental parties in APBD formulation, aiming towards a more public-oriented, effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robust Dynamic Assortment Optimization Assortment optimization with choice model estimation and learning has been studied extensively in the data-driven revenue management literature. Existing methods and analysis, however, do not take into consideration the fact that some customers arriving at certain time periods might exhibit outlier purchasing behaviors. The work of Chen et al. studies dynamic assortment optimization in the presence of outlier customers modeled by an ε -contamnination model. The impact of outlier customers on the revenue performance of an algorithm is analyzed and discussed. We consider the dynamic assortment optimization problem under the multinomial logit model with unknown utility parameters. The main question investigated in this paper is model mis-specification under the ε-contamination model, which is a fundamental model in robust statistics and machine learning. In particular, throughout a selling horizon of length T, we assume that customers make purchases according to a well-specified underlying multinomial logit choice model in a (1 − ε) -fraction of the time periods and make arbitrary purchasing decisions instead in the remaining ε-fraction of the time periods. In this model, we develop a new robust online assortment optimization policy via an active-elimination strategy. We establish both upper and lower bounds on the regret, and we show that our policy is optimal up to a logarithmic factor in T when the assortment capacity is constant. We further develop a fully adaptive policy that does not require any prior knowledge of the contamination parameter ε. In the case of the existence of a suboptimality gap between optimal and suboptimal products, we also established gap-dependent logarithmic regret upper bounds and lower bounds in both the known-ε and unknown-ε cases. Our simulation study shows that our policy outperforms the existing policies based on upper confidence bounds and Thompson sampling. Funding: X. Chen acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS-1845444]. Supplemental Material: The supplementary material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2020.0281. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]