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The safety of mine workers is a serious worry nowadays. the miners construct underground rooms to facilitate the minerals to be taken out of the mine at work in, which requires greater output and a larger workforce. In underground mining work locations, 2753 injuries were reported as non-fatal lost- time, resulting in 190,005 lost workdays. The main aim of this proposed system is to save workers from sudden falling and detect the toxic gases present in the mining area. Using the IOT technology, we created a system with different types of sensors to solve these issues. We used flame sensor, temperature and humidity sensor and Gas sensor, to detect the toxic gas environment inside the mining and detect the fire burst inside mining in the first module. Accelerometer sensor is used to detect the falling of the worker and the pulse sensor is used to detect the heartbeat of the worker in the second module. We have created the two modules where one module is for miners monitoring and another is for mining monitoring All these sensors are integrated with the NodeMCU. All the obtained data is sent to thingspeak cloud and if any abnormality is detected we will receive a notification through email using alert API.

Military, law enforcement, surveillance, leisure, scientific, and research have benefited from drones. Recent decades have seen considerable advances in aerial robot structure, working method, flying features, and navigation control, notably small UAVs and drones. Their use in civilized places needs regulation. Early covid products delivery and sanitization involved drones. This thorough analysis of UAV applications in numerous domains from respected journals and scientific reports during the past decade. Summary of UAV-based sanitization research inputs. This review helps inexperienced researchers evaluate studies. This concise review of materialistic and sustainable drone sanitization literature is useful for novice researchers and practitioners.

Abstract Background The present study was undertaken to assess the resistive index (RI) of central retinal artery (CRA) as a bioimaging biomarker for the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), for the first time. Methods Eighty-one consecutive patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 70 years were included in a tertiary care center-based cross sectional study. Severity of retinopathy was assessed according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification: diabetes mellitus with no retinopathy (No DR) (n = 26); non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (n = 29); and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 26). Twenty-six healthy controls of similar age were also included. Resistive index of CRA was studied using color Doppler and gray scale sonography. Central subfield thickness (CST), cube average thickness (CAT), retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were evaluated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Mean RI of CRA for the study groups revealed significant increase with severity of diabetic retinopathy (F = 10.24, P

Haemlacria is a rare condition which is not widely mentioned in literature. In this mini case series, we describe two cases with this presentation. Both the patients were women with unilateral presentation of haemlacria in the right eye. Case one was diagnosed with photosensitivity, while case two was assumed to be due to an undiagnosed systemic illness which led to her mortality. Careful history, systemic examination, slit- lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, relevant haematological tests like coagulation profile, liver function test along with nasolacrimal duct probing with syringing and appropriate imaging may be needed to arrive at a diagno sis. Though many cases are idiopathic yet this can be a sign of an underlying life-threatening disease.

Primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract lymphomas constitute 1%–4% of all GI malignancies. Primary lymphomas of appendix are even more rare and are seen in 0.015% of all appendicectomy specimens. Here, we report a rare case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma tumours in the appendix and distal ileum in a non-immune compromised young male patient who presented with intermittent intussusception and pain in the right iliac fossa. A laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed and the patient recovered uneventfully. Adjuvant chemotherapy (CHOP) in the form of CHOP regimen has been further advised.

Background: Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood group system in early 20th century, but still, uncertainty remains in immune-hematology while detection of ABO subgroups or weaker variants. The presence of weak subgroups in blood donor samples gives rises to discrepancy in forward (cell) and reverse (serum) grouping. Methods and Materials: We here report a case of the 'A' weak Rh 'D' Positive, Probably Ax Phenotype in a blood donor who came for replacement donation at our blood bank. The blood group discrepancy was resolved by using serological testing, Adsorption elution technique and saliva secretor study. Results: Blood grouping by the tube technique showed no reaction was shown with anti-B, a faint reaction with anti-A, 1+ agglutination with Anti-AB, and a significant reaction (4+) with anti-D and anti-H. The patient's serum showed the presence of anti-B antibody as well as anti-A1. Result for eluate showed microscopic agglutination (1+) with group A cells and a negative reaction with group B cells and saliva secretor study showed having only H substance. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of cell and serum grouping in solving blood group discrepancy in blood donors. This rare phenotype in a donor is first of its kind reported from India.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has not only greatly burdened healthcare system globally but also exposed the medical and paramedical staff to risk of infection. Although the major mode of transmission of this highly infectious disease is via close contact with an infected person i.e., droplet infection due to coughing/sneezing and aerosol generation, few research articles have shown presence of SARS-CoV-2 in blood and serum. This poses a potential risk to health care professionals who are handling these samples. Once the suspected/confirmed case of COVID-19 is admitted in the hospital setting, it requires a battery of clinical chemistry investigations. Laboratory has a vital and indispensable role to play in the management of COVID-19 patients as several biochemical markers are used for prognostication as well as monitoring and guiding treatment in the critical patients. Hence, this evaluation was undertaken to have protocols based on robust recommendations and guidelines to be followed while handling the potentially infective samples in the clinical laboratories in order to ensure safety of the staff. However, these recommendations are based on the limited and rapidly evolving knowledge available at the moment and hence need to be reviewed periodically.

Big Data is rapidly gaining impetus and is attracting a community of researchers and organization from varying sectors due to its tremendous potential. Big Data is considered as a prospective raw material to acquire domain specific knowledge to gain insights related to management, planning, forecasting and security etc. Due to its inherent characteristics like capacity, swiftness, genuineness and diversity Big Data hampers the efficiency and effectiveness of search and leads to optimization problems. In this paper we explore the complexity imposed by big search spaces leading to optimization issues. In order to overcome the above mentioned issues we propose a hybrid algorithm for Big Data preprocessing ACO-clustering algorithm approach. The proposed algorithm can help to increase search speed by optimizing the process. As the proposed method using ant colony optimization with clustering algorithm it will also contribute to reducing pre-processing time and increasing analytical accuracy and efficiency.

ZrCoSb based half-Heusler (HH) alloys have been widely studied as a p-type thermoelectric (TE) material for power generation applications in the mid-temperature regime. However, their intrinsically high thermal conductivity has been found to be detrimental for the improvement in their thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT), which presently is far below unity. In the current work, a state-of-the-art ZT ∼1.1 at 873 K was realized in an optimized composition of nanostructured Zr1-xHfxCoSb0.9Sn0.1 HH alloys by employing compositional modulation i.e. grain-by-grain compositional variations, which leads to a substantial increase in its power factor coupled with a concurrent decrease in its thermal conductivity. Significant reduction in the phonon mean-free-path is observed on Hf substitution, which is comparable to the average crystallite size (∼25 nm), thus leading to a very low thermal conductivity of ∼2.2 W m−1K−1 at 873 K, which is amongst the lowest reported in HH alloys. The TE device characteristics, estimated using cumulative temperature dependence model for quantitative evaluation of TE performance, yielded an output power density of ∼10 Wcm−2 with a leg efficiency of ∼10% in the optimized composition of nanostructured Zr1-xHfxCoSb0.9Sn0.1 HH alloys, which is comparable to the reported efficiencies of other state-of-the-art TE materials. Keywords: Half Heuslers, Iso-electronic, Waste heat recovery, Mid-temperature, Efficiency, Compositional modulation

Nanostructured vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films have been deposited by a simple and cost-effective spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) at substrate temperature 300 °C and post annealed at atmospheric conditions in the temperature range from 300 °C to 500 °C at a constant rate of heating. The influence of post annealing heat treatment on the crystallization of V2O5 has been investigated. Films were characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction, morphologically by Scanning electron microscopy, optically using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, electrical characterization using Hall probe and Raman spectroscopy has been carried out for phase confirmation. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed that, as deposited films were orthorhombic structures with a preferential orientation along (0 0 1) direction. Moreover, it was observed that crystallite size increases from 22 nm to 56 nm with increase in annealing temperature. Optical properties of these samples were studied in the wavelength range 300 – 1000 nm. Raman spectrum confirms the layered structure of V2O5 thin films. Hall Effect measurements indicate that the change in carrier concentration with increase in annealing temperature.

Purpose: To analyze applications for blindness certificates to find causes of visual impairment (VI), handicap, and blindness in a tertiary hospital of Bihar. Methods: Applications for blindness certificates were analyzed over a two-year period. The main cause of blindness, visual handicap, and VI in these applications was ascertained by age group and etiology. VI disability percentages and definitions proposed by Governmen of India (category 0–4; 20–100%) were used to categorize and give percentage to all applicants. Results were compared with data from studies on blindness certificates and population based studies. Results: In total, 203 applicants were reviewed. Mean age was 23.5 ± 7.9 years. Overall, most common cause of visual handicap (40–100% impairment) and blindness (75–100% impairment) was macular pathology (P

Acanthamoeba spp. are the causative pathogens of several infections, including amoebic keratitis (AK), a vision-threatening infection. Acanthamoebae from corneal specimens of patients with AK harbor bacterial endosymbionts, which may increase virulence. We sought to understand the spectrum of bacterial endosymbionts present in clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. identified in our reference parasitology laboratory. Isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. obtained from our biobank of anonymized corneal scrapings were screened for potential endosymbionts by PCR using primer pairs detecting bacteria belonging to orders Chlamydiales, Rickettsiales, or Legionellales and pan16S primers. Three primer pairs specific to the 18s rRNA gene of Acanthamoeba spp. were used for the amplification of Acanthamoeba DNA used for sequencing. Sanger sequencing of all PCR products was performed, followed by BLAST analysis for species identification. We screened 26 clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. for potential endosymbionts. Five isolates (19%) were found to contain bacterial DNA belonging to Legionellales. Three (11%) contained members of the Rickettsiales and Pseudomonas genticulata was detected in a Rickettsia-positive sample. One strain (4%) contained Neochlamydia hartmannellae, a member of the Chlamydiales order. Bacterial endosymbionts are prevalent in clinical strains of Acanthamoeba causing AK isolated from corneal scrapings. The demonstration of these organisms in clinical Acanthamoeba isolates supports a potential exploration of anti-endosymbiont therapeutics as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of AK.

Objective: To critically appraise published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for brain tumours, and to synthesize evidence-based recommendations from a rehabilitation perspective. Methods: A comprehensive literature search included: health science databases, CPG clearinghouse/developer websites, and grey literature up to March 2018. All brain tumour CPGs that reported systematic methods for evidence search, and clearly defined recommendations supporting evidence for rehabilitation interventions were included. Three authors independently selected potential CPGs and assessed their methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE-II) Instrument. Recommendations from included CPGs were categorized from a rehabilitation perspective. Results: Of the 11 CPGs identified, only 2, developed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Australian Cancer Network (ACN), included rehabilitation components for the management of brain tumours. Both CPGs were of moderate quality. The recommendations reported were generic, and only the ACN guidelines provided detailed recommendations for rehabilitation interventions. Both guidelines recommend a comprehensive multi-disciplinary care approach. Detailed comparison, however, was not possible due to inconsistent recommendations, making it difficult to summarize rehabilitative care. Conclusion: Despite rehabilitation being an integral component of the management of brain tumours, only a limited number of CPGs have incorporated recommendations for specific rehabilitation interventions. In order to improve clinical outcomes in this population future CPGs should incorporate rehabilitation interventions.

Objective: To evaluate existing evidence from published systematic reviews for the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in patients with lymphoma. Data sources: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using medical/health science databases up to 1 October 2020. Bibliographies of pertinent articles, journals and grey literature were searched. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently selected and reviewed potential reviews for methodological quality and graded the quality of evidence for outcomes using validated tools. Any discrepancies were resolved by final group consensus. Results: Twelve systematic reviews (n = 101 studies, 87,132 patients with lymphoma) evaluated 3 broad categories of rehabilitation interventions (physical modalities, nutrition and complementary medicine). Most reviews were of moderate-to-low methodological quality. The findings suggest: moderate-quality evidence for exercise programmes for improved fatigue and sleep disturbance; low-quality evidence for exercise therapy alone and qigong/tai chi for improved symptoms and overall quality of life, and an inverse association between sunlight/ultraviolet radiation exposure and incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; and very low-quality evidence for beneficial effects of yoga for sleep disturbances. Association between physical activity and lymphoma risk is indistinct. Conclusion: Despite a range of rehabilitation modalities used for patients with lymphoma, high-quality evidence for many is sparse. Beneficial effects of exercise programmes were noted for fatigue, psychological symptoms and quality of life. More research with robust study design is required to determine the effective rehabilitation approaches.

The primary objective of this research is to study the bearing performance characteristics having different operating conditions. Experimental investigations are carried out on phosphorous bronze hydrodynamic journal bearing with a surface textured at different loading conditions with multi-grade oil as lubricating at different constant rotational speeds (i.e.,1000–4000 rpm) for studying the dynamic characteristics. Results reported that oil film pressure and temperature distribution profile obtained experimentally are in good agreement with the theoretical results. Fuzzy-based Taguchi optimization has been used in this experimental analysis to predict the optimal input parameters, which result in the optimal combination of temperature and reported that the oil film pressure and temperature distribution profile obtained experimentally, are in good agreement the theoretical results. This analysis also attempts to describe the application of the fuzzy logic-based Taguchi analysis to optimize the performance parameters.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in improving functional and psychological outcomes in person with multiple trauma. Date sources: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using medical and health science electronic databases up to February 2019. Data extraction: Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data and assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE). Data synthesis: One randomized controlled trial, 1 clinical controlled trial and 4 observational studies (1 with 2 reports) were included. Qualitative analysis was used to synthesize the evidence due to the heterogeneity of included trials. The quality of the studies varied (CASP approach); the majority were of “low quality”. The findings suggest “very low to moderate” evidence (GRADE) for the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in improving functional ability and participation. The majority of studies (n = 6) reported functional improvements after multidisciplinary rehabilitation in the short-term. Conclusion: The lack of “high-quality” evidence for multidisciplinary rehabilitation in improving outcomes following trauma highlights gaps in the available evidence, signifying the need for more robust studies.

Spasticity and motor recovery are both related to neural plasticity after stroke. A balance of activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) in both hemispheres is essential for functional recovery. In this study, we assessed the intracortical inhibitory and facilitatory circuits in the contralesional M1 area in four patients with severe upper limb spasticity after chronic stroke and treated with botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injection and 12 weeks of upper limb rehabilitation. There was little to no change in the level of spasticity post-injection, and only one participant experienced a small improvement in arm function. All reported improvements in quality of life. However, the levels of intracortical inhibition and facilitation in the contralesional hemisphere were different at baseline for all four participants, and there was no clear pattern in the response to the intervention. Further investigation is needed to understand how BoNT-A injections affect inhibitory and facilitatory circuits in the contralesional hemisphere, the severity of spasticity, and functional improvement.

Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is essential to control the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop a rapid and accurate one-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time RT-PCR assay, along with a computational tool to systematically analyse the data. Our assay could detect to a limit of 15 copies of SARS-CoV-2 transcripts—based on experiments performed by spiking total human RNA with in vitro synthesized viral transcripts. The assay was evaluated by performing 184 validations for the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid gene and human RNase P as an internal control reference gene with dilutions ranging from 1-100 ng for human RNA on a cohort of 26 clinical samples. 5 of 26 patients were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, while 21 tested negative, consistent with the standards. The accuracy of the assay was found to be 100% sensitive and 100% specific based on the 26 clinical samples that need to be further verified using a large number of clinical samples. In summary, we present a rapid, easy to implement real-time PCR based assay with automated analysis using a novel COVID qPCR Analyzer tool with graphical user interface (GUI) to analyze the raw qRT-PCR data in an unbiased manner at a cost of under $3 per reaction and turnaround time of less than 2h, to enable in-house SARS-CoV-2 testing across laboratories.

Missing (Commentary)

Objective: To evaluate evidence from published systematic reviews of clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke population. Methods: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched for systematic reviews up to 15 January 2019. Three authors independently screened the reviews and assessed the methodological quality, using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) appraisal tool. Quality of evidence for outcomes evaluated within the reviews was appraised with Grade of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Results: Twelve reviews (n = 9,117 participants) evaluated the effectiveness of rTMS on motor and non-motor (aphasia, depression, dysphagia and cognition) functions. The rTMS protocols applied and outcomes measured were diverse amongst the selected reviews. The findings suggest beneficial effect of rTMS with: “moderate quality” evidence for dysphagia and hemineglect, “low to moderate quality” evidence for motor function (upper limb function, daily activities), and “low quality” evidence for aphasia and post-stroke depression. Conclusion: Despite widespread use of rTMS, high-quality evidence for its routine use for the treatment of stroke survivors is lacking. Further studies are required to establish differential roles of various protocols and long-term effects of rTMS in the stroke population.

Geographically, most tuberculosis (TB) cases in 2018 were reported from India. This TB burden is compounded by MDR-TB and XDR-TB. The strategies for the management and control of TB in the community depend on an understanding of the mode of spread of the different strains of TB isolates in the community. To determine the distribution and trends of M. tb strains over the time period in the community due to treatment, we carried out the present study on changes over two decades. Design/Methods. A total of 1218 M. tb isolates (year: 2001–2018) from Tiruvallur, India, were genotyped by spoligotyping after DNA extraction and subjected to anti-TB drug susceptibility testing for the first-line anti-TB drugs. Results. On analysis with the SpolDB4 database, majority (2001–2003: 53.32% and 2015–2018: 46.3%) of the isolates belonged to East African Indian (EAI) lineage, and the orphans designated in comparison to SpolDB4 stood 33% among 2001–2003 strain collection and 46.3% among 2015–2018 strain collection. 10.2% (2001–2003) and 9.26% (2015 to 2018) of isolates were monoresistant to isoniazid (H). MDR strains were less common among EAI strains (3.2%) compared to non-EAI strains (10.32%). Conclusions. EAI is the most predominant lineage in Tiruvallur, despite the presence of highly transmissible lineages like Beijing for the last two decades. The prevalence of MDR-TB is below the national average of 2-3% among the new TB cases in the last two decades. The reason can be attributed to the well-established nature of the locally circulating strains in this region which are not associated with drug resistance.