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Porcine enteric coronaviruses are pathogens that cause viral diarrhea in pigs and are widely prevalent worldwide. Moreover, studies have shown that some porcine enteric coronaviruses can infect humans and poultry. In order to effectively monitor these viruses, it is necessary to establish a multiple detection method to understand their prevalence and conduct in-depth research. Common porcine enteric coronaviruses include Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), and Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Pigs infected with these viruses have the common clinical symptoms that are difficult to distinguish. A quadruplex RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) method for the simultaneous detection of PEDV, PDCoV, TGEV and SADS-CoV was developed. Four pairs of specific primers were designed for the PEDV M gene, PDCoV N gene, TGEV S gene and SADS-CoV RdRp gene. Multiplex RT-PCR results showed that the target fragments of PDCoV, SADS-CoV, PEDV and TGEV could be amplified by this method. and the specific fragments with sizes of 250 bp, 368 bp, 616 bp and 801 bp were amplified, respectively. This method cannot amplify any fragment of nucleic acids of Seneca Valley virus (SVV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV), and has good specificity. The lowest detection limits of PDCoV, PEDV, TGEV and SADS-CoV were 5.66 × 105 copies/μL, 6.48 × 105 copies/μL, 8.54 × 105 copies/μL and 7.79 × 106 copies/μL, respectively. A total of 94 samples were collected from pig farms were analyzed using this method. There were 15 positive samples for PEDV, 3 positive samples for mixed infection of PEDV and PDCoV, 2 positive samples for mixed infection of PEDV and TGEV, and 1 positive sample for mixed infection of PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV. Multiplex RT-PCR method could detect four intestinal coronaviruses (PEDV, PDCoV, TGEV, and SADS-CoV) in pigs efficiently, cheaply and accurately, which can be used for clinical large-scale epidemiological investigation and diagnosis.

Background Gastric cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Social media has affected public’s daily lives in ways no one ever thought possible. Both TikoTok and its Chinese version Douyin are the most popular short video posting platform. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, accuracy, and completeness of videos for gastric cancer on TikTok and Douyin. Methods The terms “gastric cancer” was searched on TikTok in both English and Japanese, and on Douyin in Chinese. The first 100 videos in three languages (website’s default setting) were checked. QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and DISCERN as the instrument for assessing the quality of the information in each video. Content was analysed under six categories (aetiology, anatomy, symptoms, preventions, treatments, and prognosis). The educational value and completeness were evaluated with a checklist developed by the researchers. Results A total of 78 videos in English, 63 in Japanese, and 99 in Chinese were analyzed. The types of sources were as follows: 6.4% in English, 4.8% in Japanese, and 57.6% in Chinese for health professionals; 93.6% in English, 95.2% in Japanese, and 3.0% in Chinese for private users; none in English and Japanese, but 39.4% in Chinese for other sources. In all, 20.5% in English, 17.5% in Japanese, and 93.9% in Chinese of videos had useful information about gastric cancer. Among the useful videos, the videos published in Chinese had the highest QUEST(p Conclusions TikTok in English and Japanese might not fully meet the gastric cancer information needs of public, but Douyin in Chinese was the opposite.

By using the reductive perturbation method, the existence of dust acoustic shock waves is given for a dusty plasma considering the dust size distribution. The effects of both the dust size distribution and the dust charge variation on the characteristics of the shock wave are discussed. It is shown that the amplitude of a shock wave in plasmas considering a dust size distribution is larger than that in the case of a mono-sized dusty plasma, while its width considering the dust size distribution is smaller than that of the mono-sized dusty plasma. The speed of the shock waves also depends on different dust size distributions.

In the process of ceramic stereolithography, the polymerization process of acrylate is exothermic, resulting in changes to temperature of the slurry, which may affect the quality of green parts. In this work, the heat source input in simulation is based on the in-situ measurement of conversion rate and calculated polymerization exotherm. The simulation results showed that the different structures underwent a 1~3°C maximum temperature rise. A thermal infrared detector was used to capture the in-situ temperature changes in entire exposure surface for several structures during the photopolymerization process. The experimental data validated the simulation results and showed that the temperature change and distribution area in the process were related to the exposure structure. The discontinuous structure and the increase of structural boundary length could accelerate the thermal diffusion, thus reducing the heat concentration in the center. Polymerization rate rose marginally with the incident light intensity until at the intensity of 20 milliwatts. Besides, intensity had little effect on the temperature gradient from the center to the boundary of the exposure area. It is inferred that the additional temperature rise after the peak temperature is an indicator of the occurring of secondary photopolymerization during multilayer exposure. And for the same input energy, reducing the exposure intensity and increasing the exposure time to some extent may help improve the degree of secondary photopolymerization. This work provided valuable guidance for the study of the photopolymerization process and structural design of ceramic stereolithography.

Lignin was isolated from wheat straw via organosolv process and further transferred to monophenolic compounds via oxidative conversion. Wheat straw lignin (WSL) with purity at 91.4 wt% was acquired in the presence of heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst of Amberlyst‐45. WSL was characterized by infrared spectrometer (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) including 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The results showed that WSL possesses typical syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), and p‐hydroxyphenyl (H) units, and it is mainly composed of S and G units. The product distribution was dependent on the composition of WSL. Derivatives from S and G units were found to be the main products. The oxidative conversion of WSL was performed by varying oxidant and catalyst. Both the formation of monophenolic compounds and aromatic aldehydes were enhanced by combining oxidants and catalysts. The composite catalyst composed of NaOH/NaAlO2 was effective for the oxidation of WSL in the presence of nitrobenzene and atmospheric pressure air. The total yield of monophenolic compounds reached up 18.1%, and yields at 6.3 and 5.7% for syringaldehyde and vanillin were achieved, respectively.

Phenethyl glycosides having phenolic or methoxy functions at benzene rings are substances widely occurring in nature. This kind of compounds has been shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, some of them are not naturally abundant, thus the synthesis of such molecules is desirable. In this paper, natural phenethyl glycosides 3 and 4 were first totally synthesized from easily available materials with overall yields of 50.5% and 40.1%, respectively. And a new synthetic route to obtain natural phenethyl glycoside 2 in 46.2% yield was also described.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently the most widely studied targeted therapies for gastric cancer. As a triple tyrosine inhibitor, nintedanib can alleviate the progression of a variety of cancers, but it is poorly studied in gastric cancer.To investigate the effect of nintedanib on gastric cancer.This study investigated nintedanib's effect on gastric cancer autophagy in vivo and in vitro, and the activity and morphological changes of gastric cancer cells were detected by MTT and HE staining. Proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT-related marker proteins of AGS and MKN-28 cells were detected. The effects of nintedanib on autophagy in gastric cancer cells were detected by acridine orange, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting assays. The regulation of nintedanib on STAT3 and Beclin1 was detected by qPCR and Western blotting assays. Subsequently, the effects of nintedanib on the tumor STAT3/Beclin1 pathway were verified by stably overexpressing STAT3 in gastric cancer cell lines and tumor-bearing experiments in nude mice.The results showed that nintedanib could inhibit gastric cancer cells' proliferation and EMT process. Meanwhile, autophagy was induced in AGS and MKN-28 cells, and the expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin1 was upregulated, and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 was downregulated. Nintedanib inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulated Beclin1 to inhibit tumor growth in gastric cancer cell lines with stable STAT3 overexpression and tumor-bearing experiments in nude mice.By inhibiting STAT3, nintedanib upregulated Beclin1 and caused autophagic death in gastric cancer cells.

In the event of radiological accidents and cancer radiotherapies in the clinic, the gastrointestinal (GI) system is vulnerable to ionizing radiation and shows GI injury. Accessible biomarkers may provide means to predict, evaluate, and treat GI tissue damage. The current study investigated radiation GI injury biomarkers in rat plasma. High-coverage targeted lipidomics was employed to profile lipidome perturbations at 72 h after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 Gy (60Co γ-rays at 1 Gy/min) total-body irradiation in male rat jejunum. The results were correlated with previous plasma screening outcomes. In total, 93 differential metabolites and 28 linear dose-responsive metabolites were screened in the jejunum. Moreover, 52 lipid species with significant differences both in jejunum and plasma were obtained. Three lipid species with linear dose-response relationship both in jejunum and plasma were put forth, which exhibited good to excellent sensitivity and specificity in triaging different exposure levels. The linear dose-effect relationship of lipid metabolites in the jejunum and the triage performance of radiation GI injury biomarkers in plasma were studied for the first time. The present study can provide insights into expanded biomarkers of IR-mediated GI injury and minimally invasive assays for evaluation.

BackgroundStroke is the leading cause of mortality in China, with limited evidence of in-hospital burden obtained from nationwide surveys. We aimed to monitor and track the temporal trends and rural–urban disparities in cerebrovascular risk factors, management and outcomes from 2005 to 2015.MethodsWe used a two-stage random sampling survey to create a nationally representative sample of patients admitted for ischaemic stroke in 2005, 2010 and 2015. We sampled participating hospitals with an economic-geographical region-stratified random-sampling approach first and then obtained patients with a systematic sampling approach. We weighed our survey data to estimate the national-level results and assess changes from 2005 to 2015.ResultsWe analysed 28 277 ischaemic stroke admissions from 189 participating hospitals. From 2005 to 2015, the estimated national hospital admission rate for ischaemic stroke per 100 000 people increased (from 75.9 to 402.7, Ptrendtrendtrendtrend=0.046), and decreases in in-hospital mortality (0.7% in 2015 vs 1.8% in 2005; adjusted OR (aOR) 0.52; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.85) and the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA (8.4% in 2015 vs 13.9% in 2005; aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.89) were observed. Disparities between rural and urban hospitals narrowed; however, disparities persisted in in-hospital management (brain MRI: rural–urban difference from −14.4% to −11.2%; cerebrovascular assessment: from −20.3% to −16.7%; clopidogrel: from −2.1% to −10.3%; anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation: from −10.9% to −8.2%) and in-hospital outcomes (DAMA: from 2.7% to 5.0%; composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA: from 2.4% to 4.6%).ConclusionsFrom 2005 to 2015, improvements in hospital admission and in-hospital management for ischaemic stroke in China were found. A temporal improvement in DAMA and improvements in in-hospital mortality and the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA were observed. Disparities between rural and urban hospitals generally narrowed but persisted.