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Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya The late Villafranchian is one of the pivotal timespans in the succession of Pleistocene European faunal assemblages, setting the bases for the major faunal renewal that characterized the continent during the Epivillafranchian. Bison is one of the most important and successful large mammals to spread in Europe at the latest stages of the Early Pleistocene. Here we describe the remains of a large bovid from the late Villafranchian site of Pietrafitta (ca. 1.5 Ma), previously attributed to Leptobos. Our analyses allow to refer this sample to the genus Bison. The primitive characters featured by this sample suggest the attribution to the subgenus Eobison, a long-debated taxon which includes all the earliest forms of Bison. At Pietrafitta, thus, one of the largest and most complete record of primitive Bison is recorded. The vague diagnosis and confused taxonomic history of Eobison called for a reappraisal of its status. We present a re-definition of the diagnostic characters and a review of the Eurasian record of Eobison with a focus on the late Villafranchian samples from the Mediterranean area. We recognize at least three valid species of Eobison remarking, however, the extreme morphological variability of this group. The comparative analysis of Eobison and its closest relatives (i.e., Leptobos and Bison s.s.), confirms that both the leptobovine and bisontine clades underwent to an increase of stoutness of the appendicular skeleton in response to the shrinking of forested habitats and the onset of colder, arid climate during the Pleistocene.

The search of new organic emitters is receiving a strong motivation by the development of ORTP materials. In the present study we report on the preparation, optical and photophysical characterization, by both steady state and time resolved techniques, of two pyrene-functionalized cyclic triimidazole derivatives. Together with the already reported mono-substituted derivative, the di- and tri-substituted members of the family have revealed as intriguing emitters characterized by impressive quantum yields in solution and RTP properties in the solid state. In particular, phosphorescence lifetimes increase from 5.19 to 20.54 and 40.62 ms for mono-, di- and trisubstituted compounds, respectively. Based on spectroscopical results and theoretical DFT/TDDFT calculations on the di-pyrene molecule, differences in photophysical performances of the three compounds have been assigned to intermolecular interactions increasing with the number of pyrene moieties appended to the cyclic triimidazole scaffold.

I pazienti ricoverati sono a rischio di eventi avversi gravi, ma il riconoscimento precoce dell'instabilità clinica può essere difficile. Gli infermieri sono tra i professionisti con le competenze più adatte a rilevare precocemente i segni di instabilità clinica e il Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) è uno strumento utile a supportare i professionisti in questa fase. Attualmente non esiste una versione in italiano del MEWS. Lo scopo dello studio è di tradurre ed adattare per il contesto italiano il MEWS attraverso il processo di traduzione forward and backward, la verifica della validità di facciata e contenuto e attraverso lo sviluppo di uno studio monocentrico.

The different nature of the emissive states of AgI and CuI one- and three-dimensional coordination polymers is here explained by a higher covalent character of the Cu—N bond with respect to the Ag—N one., A QTAIM and IQA investigation on model compounds of two isostructural AgI and CuI coordination polymers (CPs) based on cyclic tri­imidazole (L), i.e. the [MIL] n 1D double-stranded stair chain and the [MClL] n 3D network (M = Cu, Ag), has allowed light to be shed on the different emissive behaviour associated with the two metal ions. According to a previously reported investigation [Malpicci et al. (2021). Inorg. Chem. Front. 8, 1312–1323 ▸], AgI CPs showed both fluorescence and multiple ligand-centred room-temperature phospho­rescences, whereas CuI CPs displayed non-thermally equilibrated halogen and metal-to-ligand charge transfer and two ligand-centred phospho­rescences, the latter observed only by their selective activation. Analysis of both local and integral QTAIM descriptors, including delocalization indices and source function, of the Ag—N and Cu—N bonds reveals a higher covalent and local character for the latter, explaining the greater metal–ligand electronic communication observed for the Cu compounds. Moreover, IQA investigation shows that the Cu—N bond is characterized by higher interaction energy, due to both higher electrostatic and exchange-correlation contributions. Analysis on the M—X (M = Ag, Cu; X = I, Cl) bonds, also present in these structures, highlights a much higher covalent and local character with respect to the M—N bonds.

Background A connection between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and altered gut microbiota composition has previously been reported in animal models. This work is the first prospective longitudinal study addressing the microbiota composition in ALS patients and the impact of a probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota and disease progression. Methods Fifty patients and 50 matched controls were enrolled. The microbial profile of stool samples from patients and controls was analyzed via PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, and the main microbial groups quantified via qPCR. The whole microbiota was then analyzed via next generation sequencing after amplification of the V3–V4 region of 16S rDNA. Patients were then randomized to receive probiotic treatment or placebo and followed up for 6 months with ALSFRS-R, BMI, and FVC%. Results The results demonstrate that the gut microbiota of ALS patients is characterized by some differences with respect to controls, regardless of the disability degree. Moreover, the gut microbiota composition changes during the course of the disease as demonstrated by the significant decrease in the number of observed operational taxonomic unit during the follow-up. Interestingly, an unbalance between potentially protective microbial groups, such as Bacteroidetes, and other with potential neurotoxic or pro-inflammatory activity, such as Cyanobacteria, has been shown. The 6-month probiotic treatment influenced the gut microbial composition; however, it did not bring the biodiversity of intestinal microbiota of patients closer to that of control subjects and no influence on the progression of the disease measured by ALSFRS-R was demonstrated. Conclusions Our study poses the bases for larger clinical studies to characterize the microbiota changes as a novel ALS biomarker and to test new microbial strategy to ameliorate the health status of the gut. Trial registration CE 107/14, approved by the Ethics Committee of the “Maggiore della Carità” University Hospital, Italy.

The People’s Liberation Army (PLA), officially the army of the Communist Party of China (CPC) – hereinafter the “CPC” or the “Party” –, has always been a crucial player in the Chinese political system. It is not a national army, although it is the only army China has and its members have been active participants in the life of the State since its founding. The close relationship between the armed forces and the Party has, over time, encouraged Chinese policy analysts to explore the influence of the PLA on national decision-making processes, and consider this interaction as “intrinsic to the Party leadership itself ”. The involvement of the PLA in this regard has been compared to that of an “interest group” capable of exerting pressure on political decisions about aspects of national stability and, more recently, security, defence, and foreign policy. Assessing the weight of the PLA as an interest group, mostly in foreign policy, is also the aim of this analysis, which proceeds as follows. First, it briefly reviews the major reforms that have targeted the PLA, emphasising how such restructurings have stimulated the creation of an identity for the military as an interest group. Second, it investigates the current role of PLA officers in Party institutions, mainly focusing on the functioning of the Central Military Commission (CMC), which is one of the key bodies used by the military to lobby politicians and influence foreign policy decision-making. Third, the article introduces readers to the ongoing shrinkage of civil society that is taking place under the leadership of General Secretary, and President, Xi Jinping and which is having consequences for the performance of interest groups in Chinese policy-making, and more generally for its political system. In this respect, the reform measures that the PLA is currently undergoing also embody Xi Jinping’s desire to reduce the rise of interests, due to the presence of groups not entirely under the authority and control of the Party, which may clash with his policy agenda. The impact of Xi's recent power centralisation efforts on the military's capacity may have contributed to a decrease in the extent to which the PLA continues to have a say in foreign policy.

Despite the US longstanding opposition, the Trump administration’s contestation of the International Criminal Court (‘ICC’ or ‘Court’) has been unprecedentedly severe. Not only did it turn against the wholesale legitimacy of the Court, but it ultimately led to sanctions against the ICC Prosecutor and senior prosecution official, while hindering the enforcement of the principle of non-impunity at the international level. Investigating the US stance towards the ICC during the Trump presidency exemplifies one of the most representative moments of what we term a ‘contestation from within’, hence, a contestation of the Liberal International Order originating from one of its founders, in this case, the US. Drawing on the constructivist literature on norm contestation and a narrative inquiry, this article seeks to explore how the US contestation over the Court and the norm of non-impunity intensified, shifting from applicatory to justificatory, and from discursive to behavioural contestation, specifically, in the Trump era.

A mandible fragment and four isolated teeth of the fossil foxes, Vulpes alopecoides (Del Campana, 1913), Vulpes cf. vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) and Vulpes sp., are described from the Early Pleistocene locality of Taurida cave (Crimea, Late Villafranchian, 1.8–1.5 Ma). Based on the size and morphological features, a mandible fragment and two M1 are attributed to V. alopecoides. The structure of m1 of Vulpes cf. vulpes is similar to that of V. vulpes and V. alopecoides, but the size greatly exceeds the size limits for the latter species. Although m1 of Vulpes sp. fits the size of the lower carnassials of V. alopecoides, its morphology is definitely unique among the Early Pleistocene representatives of the genus Vulpes.

La didattica mediante la simulazione sta assumendo sempre più un ruolo centrale nei percorsi formativi in ambito sanitario e vede l'infermiere protagonista nell'erogazione della stessa. L'obiettivo di questo studio è quello di valutare la qualità della formazione erogata attraverso l'analisi del grado di soddisfazione del personale tecnico non sanitario che ha preso parte ad un percorso formativo basato sulla simulazione di casi avente come docente l'infermiere di Emergenza Territoriale dell'Azienda USL di Piacenza.

Pre-hospital emergency medical systems do not appear to work totally coordinated with Accident and Emergency (AE). Often, patient admission to AE is marked by scarce attention to the handover between the respective healthcare professionals. This phenomenon is potentially dangerous because it exposes patients to the risk of errors in a context where the patients' critical or progressing conditions must not be worsened by avoidable errors of communication between professionals.to describe the evidence concerning handover between local emergency medical services and AE.pre-hospital emergency medical and AE professionals, setting defined as within AE, articles on pre-hospital to AE handover.PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases. Grey literature.the results are displayed in tables according to 'Title', 'Design', 'Country', 'Population', 'Concept', 'Context' and 'Results'.10 studies were included. The following themes emerged: communication and interpersonal issues, secondary risks, need for staff training, the use of structured methods, information technology support.There is a gap in the literature. Issues regarding communication, differing ideas of what should be considered as priority, interpersonal relationships and trust between staff working for different services emerge. Connected with this there are structural problems such as shortage of suitable spaces and lack of staff training. The use of structured mnemonic methods, including computerized ones, seems to improve the quality of handovers, but to date it has not been possible to establish which method would be better than another. Further studies are recommended.

La ventilazione non invasiva risulta essere una procedura molto utilizzata in emergenza-urgenza territoriale; della corretta applicazione l'infermiere ne è responsabile. L'obiettivo di questo studio è indagare quali siano i dispositivi maggiormente utilizzati.

Il Sistema di Soccorso Sanitario italiano è disomogeneo: la costituzione dell'equipaggio d'ambulanza, i criteri di assun- zione e mantenimento del ruolo differiscono tra le organizzazioni. La legislazione favorisce autonomia e responsabilità professionale, ma nonostante ciò non è chiara l'identità dell'infermiere di emergenza territoriale, i requisiti per poter ottenere il ruolo differiscono nelle realtà. L'obiettivo dello studio è quindi l'esplorazione del concetto di Infermiere di emergenza territoriale individuandone formazione, conoscenze e competenze.

Purely organic luminophores that exhibit room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are receiving an ever-growing attention. The design of efficient RTP materials and the understanding of their emissive behaviour, however, remain a challenging task. Herein, to gain further insights into metal-free RTP, we report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical study of chloro-derivatives of [1,2-a:1',2'-c:1'',2''-e][1,3,5]triazine or cyclic triimidazole (TT). Mono-(1Cl), di-(2Cl) and tri-chloro-TT (3Cl) derivatives are prepared by mild chlorination with N-chlorosuc-cinimide (NCS). The three compounds are characterized by aggregation-induced emission (AIE) comprising dual fluorescence and multiple phosphorescences, whose origin is disclosed by crystal structure analysis together with accurate DFT/TDDFT calculations. Comparison with previously reported bromine and iodine TT derivatives reveals the new chlorinated compounds as the best performing halogenated AIE members of the family.

Bosworth lesions are fracture-dislocations of the ankle and are characterized by entrapment of the proximal segment of the fibula behind the posterior tubercle of the distal tibia. Treatment is challenging, mainly due to failure of a closed reduction. The aim of this study was to review the literature concerning this type of injury. A total of 103 patients with Bosworth fractures were included in the study. The analyzed studies yielded a total of 103 cases, of which 68% (n = 70) were male and 32% (n = 33) were female. Bosworth fractures are mainly due to accidental trauma (58.2%), sports-related injuries (18.4%), and traffic accidents (18.4%). More than 76% of the patients presented a Danis–Weber B fracture, 8.7% a type C fracture, and only 0.97% presented a type A fracture. In 92.2% of the patients, the attempted closed reduction was unsuccessful. A definitive treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was used in 96 patients (93.2%). The most frequent complication was post-traumatic arthritis (10.7%). Bosworth fractures are challenging. The available literature lacks adequate information about this fracture, and an approved standardized algorithm for treating such fractures is not available.

The remarkable emissive properties of cyclic triimidazole (TT), showing crystallization-induced emissive behavior and, in particular, room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), are here combined with its versatility in assembling coordination compounds. A series of Ag(I) coordination polymers (CPs), comprising a 1D chain ([Ag(TT)I]n, 1-Ag) and 3D networks ([Ag(TT)Cl]n, 2-Ag, and [Ag3(TT)4]n(NO3)3n·6nH2O, 3-Ag), have been synthesized and their photophysical behavior thoroughly investigated. They show both fluorescence and multiple RTPs, all simultaneously activated but varied in intensity by changing the excitation energy. Based on DFT/TDDFT calculations and analysis of the X-ray crystal structures, the origin of the different phosphorescences has been ascribed to H-aggregation of the ligand (in 1-Ag and 2-Ag), intermolecular electronic coupling by an extrinsic heavy-atom effect (in 1-Ag) and ligand-centered emissive states (in all three compounds). Comparison with isostructural 1-Cu and 2-Cu CPs reveals that, different from the Ag(I) analogues, non-thermally equilibrated XMLCT and ligand-centered emissive states are active. The isostructural Ag(I) and Cu(I) compounds show comparable emission efficiency, while the phosphorescence lifetimes are longer for the former (ms regime) than the latter (micro-s regime). A Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM) topological analysis of electron density allows the interpretation of the different nature of the emissive states of Ag(I) and Cu(I) compounds on the basis of larger shell-shared character of the Cu-N bond with respect to the Ag-N one.

O presente trabalho apresenta dois instrumentos interdisciplinares - a discussão de casos e as rodas de conversas - utilizados para o atendimento de pessoas com transtorno ou deficiência, envolvendo saúde mental, na Regional Central da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo, em 2017. Além disso, discorre brevemente sobre os espaços institucionais em que há atuação interdisciplinar na Defensoria Pública. Porém, o principal objetivo será registrar as atividades, como parte do processo interdisciplinar. E, para além dos benefícios resultantes do registro, é refletir sobre dificuldades e benefícios para as/os profissionais que participaram e redigiram este trabalho, à instituição e aos atendimentos. &nbsp