Search

The spatial and temporal distribution of arc magmatism and associated isotopic variations provide insights into the Phanerozoic history of the western margin of South America during major shifts in Andean and pre-Andean plate interactions. We integrated detrital zircon U-Th-Pb and Hf isotopic results across continental magmatic arc systems of Chile and western Argentina (28°S-33°S) with igneous bedrock geochronologic and zircon Hf isotope results to define isotopic signatures linked to changes in continental margin processes. Key tectonic phases included: Paleozoic terrane accretion and Carboniferous subduction initiation during Gondwanide orogenesis, Permian-Triassic extensional collapse, Jurassic-Paleogene continental arc magmatism, and Neogene flat slab subduction during Andean shortening. The ~550 m.y. record of magmatic activity records spatial trends in magma composition associated with terrane boundaries. East of 69°W, radiogenic isotopic signatures indicate reworked continental lithosphere with enriched (evolved) eHf values and low (<0.65) zircon Th/U ratios during phases of early Paleozoic and Miocene shortening and lithospheric thickening. In contrast, the magmatic record west of 69°W displays depleted (juvenile) eHf values and high (>0.7) zircon Th/U values consistent with increased asthenospheric contributions during lithospheric thinning. Spatial constraints on Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc width provide a rough approximation of relative subduction angle, such that an increase in arc width reflects shallower slab dip. Comparisons among slab dip calculations with time-averaged eHf and Th/U zircon results exhibit a clear trend of decreasing (enriched) magma compositions with increasing arc width and decreasing slab dip. Collectively, these data sets demonstrate the influence of subduction angle on the position of upper-plate magmatism (including inboard arc advance and outboard arc retreat), changes in isotopic signatures, and overall composition of crustal and mantle material along the western edge of South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial socialization—parent–child communication about race—may promote cohesion and relational satisfaction in Multiracial Black–White families, where parents and children have unique racial experiences. However, little is known about how racial socialization is actually practiced in Multiracial families. The current paper addresses this gap by synthesizing the existing qualitative literature on racial socialization in Multiracial Black–White families. Seventeen articles were identified using three electronic databases and appraised based on a critical review form for qualitative investigations. We then used meta‐ethnographic methods and two theoretical frameworks to explore patterns of racial socialization, which included messages about (1) Monoracial Black experiences, (2) the irrelevance of race (e.g., color‐evasiveness), and (3) Multiracial experiences. The findings illuminate the intricacies of parental racial socialization in Multiracial Black–White families. The implications for family theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship identifies critical consciousness as a key developmental asset in promoting the well‐being of adolescents experiencing multiple socio‐structural axes of oppression. Girls of color at acute risk for legal system involvement or re‐involvement are absent from this literature. They are a critical population in which to examine this construct given their experiences of oppression and the myriad benefits of critical consciousness. The current study addresses this gap by examining traumatic incidents and experiences of racism and sexism as correlates of critical reflection and action among a sample of girls (N = 220; Mean age = 14.5 years; SD = 1.3 years). Using path analysis and multigroup modeling, we examine direct associations between these three manifestations of structural oppression and critical consciousness and explore the interplay of traumatic incidents, and racism and sexism in girls' critical consciousness development. Findings suggest that experiences of sexism and racism, uniquely and positively predict critical action, but not critical reflection. Surprisingly, girls' experiences of traumatic incidents do not predict reflection or action. Finally, multigroup analyses show no evidence that these associations vary by the interplay of traumatic incidents, racism, and sexism. Implications for community psychology values and juvenile legal system practice and policy are discussed. Highlights: Experiences of sexism and racism uniquely predict critical action but not critical reflection.Traumatic incidents are not associated with critical reflection or critical action.System‐involved girls engage in multiple forms of critical action.Analyses show associations do not vary by the interplay of traumatic incidents, racism and sexism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexual devices, including vibrators, are commonly used to enhance and aid in individual and partnered sexual experiences. Previous studies show that the use of vibratory stimulation can be an effective treatment of issues related to pelvic health and sexual function, but additional research is needed to further explore patient-related factors that may be taken into consideration when discussing this treatment modality. Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore patient beliefs and experiences related to vibrator use as a treatment option for genital pain. Methods: This study was conducted in collaboration with a local sexual health practitioner who includes vibrators, or they refer to it in office as "vibe therapy," as part of their regular practice. Participants, women recommended vibe therapy for genital pain within the past 24 months, were recruited though the sexual health provider. Those who consented accessed an anonymous electronic questionnaire covering vibrator use and beliefs prior to recommended vibe therapy and specific to vibe therapy, as well as demographics and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The survey was conducted twice in a six month span and the current analysis included three cases who completed the survey during both rounds of data collection. Unique identifiers were created based on participant responses and utilized for the current analysis. Descriptive analysis was completed using SPSS and a comparison of vibe therapy beliefs and experiences were examined within and between cases. Results: The three current cases reported that their most recent visit to the medical clinic was due to various reasons including: dyspareunia, overactive pelvic floor, and/or vaginismus. While two participants reported previous masturbation behaviors, none of the participants reported vibrator use prior to their clinician including it as a treatment option. Responses varied for each of the participants between the initial and secondary survey. Two participants reported use of medication and/or pelvic rehab in combination with vibe therapy. For all cases, duration and frequency of vibe therapy increased between the two time points. Additionally, positive beliefs related to comfort of use, desire to engage in sexual behaviors, and reduced pain during sex were reported. Two participants who initially experienced pain during vibration reported that it was no longer painful by the second time point. Sexual partner communication and inclusion in vibrator use varied between participants. All participants reported increased sexual enjoyment, reduced sexual pain, and intentions to continue vibe therapy. Conclusions: While the use of genital vibrators for pain has been shown to be effective, patient experiences and beliefs related to this treatment option differ based on their individual situations. For all cases, responses remained consistent or became more favorable with continued use of vibe therapy. This information may be helpful for providers to consider when thinking about how they counsel patients who choose to use a vibrator as a form of treatment for sexual pain and other issues. Future studies may further explore how medical practitioner comfort and approach towards this treatment option may influence patient experiences. Disclosure: No. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pain is commonly experienced during Intrauterine device (IUD) insertion and a possible barrier to this form of contraception. Pharmacological methods and non-pharmacological techniques are available to reduce pain during this procedure, but the efficacy varies on a case-by-case basis and data is conflicting regarding doses. Additional techniques are needed to increase the likelihood of a more patient centered approach to address pain experienced during IUD placement. Objective: The purpose of the current project is to describe exploratory use of vibration and propose it as an innovative pain management technique during IUD insertion. Methods: Recognizing that the umbilicus and the distal third of the vagina are embryologically connected, the current clinician hypothesized that external vibration applied to the umbilicus by a patient during IUD placement may reduce pain. Starting in 2017 external umbilical vibration was added to a previously established list of pain reduction options available during IUD placement at one clinical practice. Patients were consulted prior to IUD insertion and the list of multiple options discussed as part of regular practice. Patients and the provider determined the methods of pain reduction that best fit the individual patient's needs based on their previous experiences, apprehension, and other concerns related to the procedure. Clinician observation and recall of response and reactions following the use of vibration will be shared. Results: A detailed description of the umbilical vibration technique will be provided. Provider recall and summary of anonymous patient responses will be discussed, as well as the possible implications for gynecological care. Verbal and non-verbal responses from patients who elected to use umbilical vibration, or a combination of umbilical vibration and other techniques, to reduce pain have been overwhelmingly positive. No negative experiences with this non-invasive technique have occurred. Conclusions: Umbilical vibration may serve as an effective, low-cost option to reduce pain during IUD placement. Providers considering this technique should be comfortable discussing vibration and open to this type of patient centered care. Umbilical vibration as a pain reduction technique for IUD insertion could be utilized in a trauma informed practice. A more in-depth study to further explore the intricacies of this technique is in preparation. Disclosure: No. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionAdolescence is a critical period in cognitive and emotional development, characterized by high levels of social interaction and increases in risk-taking behavior including binge drinking. Adolescent exposure to social stress and binge ethanol have individually been associated with the development of social, emotional, and cognitive deficits, as well as increased risk for alcohol use disorder. Disruption of cortical development by early life social stress and/or binge drinking may partly underlie these enduring emotional, cognitive, and behavioral effects. The study goal is to implement a novel neighbor housing environment to identify the effects of adolescent neighbor housing and/or binge ethanol drinking on (1) a battery of emotional and cognitive tasks (2) adult ethanol drinking behavior, and (3) the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex transcriptome.MethodsAdolescent male and female C57BL/6J mice were single or neighbor housed with or without access to intermittent ethanol. One cohort underwent behavioral testing during adulthood to determine social preference, expression of anxiety-like behavior, cognitive performance, and patterns of ethanol intake. The second cohort was sacrificed in late adolescence and brain tissue was used for transcriptomics analysis.ResultsAs adults, single housed mice displayed decreased social interaction, deficits in the novel object recognition task, and increased anxiety-like behavior, relative to neighbor-housed mice. There was no effect of housing condition on adolescent or adult ethanol consumption. Adolescent ethanol exposure did not alter adult ethanol intake. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that adolescent housing condition and ethanol exposure resulted in differential expression of genes related to synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens and genes related to methylation, the extracellular matrix and inflammation in the prefrontal cortex.DiscussionThe behavioral results indicate that social interaction during adolescence via the neighbor housing model may protect against emotional, social, and cognitive deficits. In addition, the transcriptomics results suggest that these behavioral alterations may be mediated in part by dysregulation of transcription in the frontal cortex or the nucleus accumbens.

Abstract We investigated differences between constant flux and constant potential methods for determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory. A cheap and robust method was required. The constant flux drip [...]

Specimens of the vulnerable bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus have recently been recognised among museum collections from north-western Australia. They include one whose search mode echolocation pulses were being recorded when it was collected. In terms of spectral characters, this pulse sequence was indistinguishable from reference sequences by S. saccolaimus from the Northern Territory. We compare these reference sequences with free-flying sequences: (1) from the two other species at the same detection sites that have a similar acoustic niche (Saccolaimus flaviventris and Chaerephon jobensis), and (2) recorded from sites elsewhere in north-western Australia. Equivalent sequences were detected at 40 of 173 recording sites scattered throughout north-western Australia, and in all five of its bioregions, implying that S. saccolaimus is widespread at the western end of its geographical range in Australia. At an overall average frequency of 20.3 kHz, these sequences, like their Northern Territory counterparts, are significantly different from S. flaviventris and C. jobensis in all spectral parameters measured, and consistent with (albeit 2.8 kHz lower than) S. saccolaimus sequences from Queensland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]