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The HTPB-coated aluminum nanopowders were prepared by using horizontally-mounted kneading machine. The HTPB-coated aluminum nanopowders were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. The exothermic characterization of the HTPB-coated aluminum nanopowders was analysized by simultaneous TG-DSC. The results show that the HTPB-coated aluminum nanopowders have a core-shell structure and the release heat enthalpy in pure oxygen is 4.954KJ/g at 542.7°C. The stability of HTPB-coated aluminum nanopowders excelled Al2O3-passivated aluminum nanopowders due to the hydrophobic nature of HTPB and the hydrophilic nature of Al2O3.

The DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders were prepared by using a kneader. The DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. The exothermic characterization of the DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders was analysized by simultaneous TG-DSC. The results show that the DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders have a core-shell structure and the release heat enthalpy in pure oxygen is 4.955KJ/g at 529.2°C. The stability of DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders excels Al2O3-passivated aluminum nanopowders due to the hydrophobic nature of DOS and the hydrophilic nature of Al2O3.

To optimize the technological parameter of underground coal gasification (UCG), the experimental results of air gasification, air-steam gasification, oxygen-enrichment steam gasification, pure oxygen steam gasification and two-stage gasification were studied contrastively based on field trial at the Huating UCG project. The results indicate that the average low heat value of gas from air experiment is the lowest (4.1 MJ/Nm3) and the water gas from two-stage gasification experiment is the highest (10.72 MJ/Nm3). The gas productivity of air gasification is the highest and the pure oxygen steam gasification is the lowest. The gasification efficiency of air gasification, air-steam gasification, oxygen-enriched steam gasification, pure oxygen steam gasification and two-stage gasification is listed in ascending order, ranging from 69.88% to 84.81%. Described a contract study on results of a field test using steam and various levels of oxygen enrichment of 21%, 32%, 42% and 100%. The results show that, with the increasing of O2 content in gasifying agents, the gas caloricity rises, and the optimal O2 concentration range to increase the gas caloricity is 30%∼40%. Meanwhile, the consumption of O2 and steam increase, and the air consumption and steam decomposition efficiency fall.

Reproducible high-yield purification process of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was developed by thermal annealing in ultrapure oxygen. The optimized condition involves thermal annealing via a PID controlled heater in high purity oxygen at temperature of 450 °C for 180 s, which burns out amorphous carbon and reactivate nickel catalyst. Controlling of the purification temperature is important for high yield CNTs, as excessive high annealing temperature results in deformation of the CNTs. Unlike hazardous wet purification treatments, purified CNTs remained vertically aligned and offer the possibility of tailored CNTs length through layer-by-layer process. The purification process is glass compatible and can be adapted to industrial synthesis of CNTs.

A protocol has been developed to prepare 1,2-allenyl ketones using molecular oxygen in air or pure oxygen as the oxidant from 2,3-allenylic alcohols with moderate to good yields under mild conditions. In this reaction CuCl (20 mol %) with 1,10-phenanthroline (10 mol %) and bipyridine (10 mol %) was used as the catalyst. It is interesting to observe that the use of the mixed ligands is important for the higher yields of this transformation: With the monoligand approach developed by Markó et al., the yields are relatively lower.

We have investigated the influence of a range of melting atmospheres on the control of the photo-active Bi-ion states in a Bi2O3-doped germanate glass, having a molar composition of 70GeO2–18Li2O–11Ga2O3–1Bi2O3. The atmosphere during melting was controlled by purging with pure oxygen, air, and nitrogen. The melting temperatures investigated were in the range of 1200 to 1450 °C. The UV–visible absorbance and the photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic characterizations in the visible (600–800 nm) and near-IR (1000–1500 nm) regions were carried out for determining the contributions of potential Bi-ion states on the absorbance and PL. The PL properties of undoped GeO2 glass were also compared for the analysis of potential defects states present in the structure.

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a new kind of efficient method to separate CO2. At present, most of CLC research focuses on the development of oxygen carriers. The sustainable capability is the one of important standards to evaluate performance of oxygen carrier. The iron- based and copper- based oxygen carrier were chosen in this paper. The comparative study between the analytically pure oxygen carriers and the prepared oxygen carriers with Al2O3 were made according to the reactivity of reduction and oxidation. The data was obtained by the TGA, SEM and XRD. The results show that the prepared carriers with Al2O3 are greatly improved both in reaction ratio and sustainable capability, and Fe- based oxygen carrier is better than the Cu- based oxygen carrier in the sustainable capability.

This paper deals with the kinetics of thermal oxidation, in pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure, of electrolytically polished copper at 173° C and 247° C. These temperatures were chosen so as to be on either sides of 224° C, because previous work had chosen that this temperature coincided with the appearance of cupric oxide in the films. It was confirmed in the present paper that cupric oxide is a product of the oxidation of cuprous oxide and not of the copper itself. The oxidation of cuprous oxide only starts when the latter is sufficiently thick (circa 2,500 A). It was also confirmed that films containing cupric oxide are much less adherent than those of pure suprous oxide. Copyright © 1951 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

The oxidation of ZrB 2 –SiC and ZrB 2 –SiC–ZrSi 2 ceramics of different composition has been studied experimentally at 1500 °C in pure oxygen for up to 50 h. ZrB 2 –SiC–ZrSi 2 ceramics proved to be the most oxidation-resistant at ZrSi 2 contents of less then 4 wt%. These ceramics were more oxidation-resistant than ZrB 2 –SiC ceramics. An analytical model of growth kinetics for a multilayered scale based on an oxidation–diffusion balance was developed and tested.

A numerical control 3-D processing system was constituted for dual swirling plasma arc cutting. The effect of cutting energy parameters and operating gases on kerf characteristics was then investigated experimentally, so as to provide a reference for appropriately selecting process parameters to improve cut quality. It is shown that kerf widths reduce, and the bevel angle and the straightness increase with an increase of cutting speed and a decrease of arc current. Moreover, a smaller bevel angle, together with greater straightness and more dross, exhibits on the low speed side of the cut. As the oxygen content of the operating gas decreases, kerf widths decrease and the dross increases, while the bevel angle varies slightly on the high speed side of the cut. For the pure oxygen and pure air processes, the bevel angle on the low speed side and the straightness of cut surface are the smallest, but the pure oxygen cut surface is the roughest due to the occurrence of a saw-like kerf.

The vertical sizes of one-dimensional (1-D) and two dimensional (2-D) electrostatic solitons are estimated in the oxygen-hydrogen (O – H) and pure oxygen plasmas of the upper ionosphere taking into account the effects of non-extensive and trapped electrons. The field-aligned flow of oxygen ions is also considered. It is found that both electron trapping and non-extensivity play a constructive role in the formation of 1-D and 2-D solitary structures. The vertical size of the solitons is not known through observations, but here it is pointed out that the vertical size of these structures should be of the order of a few meters at the altitude of 800 km in the 1-D case. On the other hand, in the 2-D case, the vertical size is much larger than the horizontal size and it turns out to be of the order of a few kilometers, while the width is about a few hundred meters in agreement with the observations.The vertical sizes of one-dimensional (1-D) and two dimensional (2-D) electrostatic solitons are estimated in the oxygen-hydrogen (O – H) and pure oxygen plasmas of the upper ionosphere taking into account the effects of non-extensive and trapped electrons. The field-aligned flow of oxygen ions is also considered. It is found that both electron trapping and non-extensivity play a constructive role in the formation of 1-D and 2-D solitary structures. The vertical size of the solitons is not known through observations, but here it is pointed out that the vertical size of these structures should be of the order of a few meters at the altitude of 800 km in the 1-D case. On the other hand, in the 2-D case, the vertical size is much larger than the horizontal size and it turns out to be of the order of a few kilometers, while the width is about a few hundred meters in agreement with the observations.

In spacecraft environments, spacesuits materials such as textiles, leather, or other materials are used in a pure oxygen environment. The materials are in serious risk of being ignited by electrostatic discharge (ESD) and may cause fire and even disasters or death of astronauts. In this paper, a well sealed chamber was first developed for ignition test. Then, ignition tests of four textiles and leather materials were carried out under oxygen pressures of 42 kPa, 101 kPa and 142 kPa using different ESD models. It is concluded that the materials are more easily ignited at higher oxygen pressure.

The objective of this work was to investigate the use of a halothane to screen broiler chickens prone to develop PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) meat through a special gas chamber connected to a veterinarian anaesthetic apparatus developed in our laboratory. Anaesthesia was induced with approx. 3.0% halothane at a flow rate of 6.0 Lm-1 in pure oxygen for 5 min. Commercial male broilers (n=342) aged 46 days old were evaluated and classified as either halothane sensitive (HAL+) or insensitive (HAL-), depending on the leg rigidity response. Approximately 27.5% (n=94) of broilers were HAL+ and 72.5% (n=248) were HAL-. This is a simple and rapid technique to evaluate broiler sensitivity to halothane and identify broilers prone to develop PSE meat. The occurrence of PSE meat in HAL insensitive broiler chicken samples suggests that other factors are related to PSE occurrence.O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o uso do halotano para avaliar e identificar frangos propensos ao desenvolvimento de carnes PSE (Pálida, Flácida, Exsudativa) por meio de uma câmara desenvolvida em nossos laboratórios. Esta foi conectada a um equipamento de anestesia veterinária e a anestesia foi então induzida com aproximadamente 3,0% de halotano a um fluxo de 6,0 L/min em puro oxigênio. A sensibilidade de três frangos foi avaliada simultaneamente. Os frangos de linhagem comercial (n=352) com 46 dias de idade foram expostos à 3,0% de halotano por 5 min e classificados como halotano sensível (HAL +) e não-sensível (HAL -), baseado no enrijecimento dos seus membros inferiores. Aproximadamente 27,5% (n=94) frangos foram HAL+ e 72,5% (n=248) HAL-. Amostras do músculo Pectoralis major (n=75) foram coletadas após o abate dos animais para as medidas de pH e cor, determinadas nos filés mantidos a 4 C por 24 h postmortem. Frangos HAL+ apresentaram maior porcentagem de carnes PSE quando comparadas ao grupo HAL-. Este é um teste simples e rápido para a avaliação da sensibilidade das aves ao halotano e identificar frangos propensos ao desenvolvimento de carnes PSE embora amostras de HAL - também apresentaram carnes PSE sugerindo que outros fatores estão relacionados com a formação da anormalidade.

Using 8-fold symmetric YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) seed films deposited on MgO substrates, a new preferential growth of YBCO with 45° in-plane alignment was found under pure oxygen atmosphere. Unique YBCO films with pure 45° in-plane orientation were then grown, and the atomic configuration of interfaces between the 45° YBCO grains and MgO was carefully investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Peculiar interfacial bottom layers were found to strongly relate to the thermal stability of the in-plane alignment of YBCO films under different oxygenation conditions. Field-dependent critical current density of pure 45° and 0° YBCO films was measured and compared. Thus, the effect of the interfacial structure on critical current density was inferred.

Nano-fibrous materials have attracted continuing research interest because of potential applications due to their unique properties. We report, for the first time, formation of alumina nanofibers in carbon-containing coflow diffusion flames with pure oxygen support, using trimethylaluminum vapor as the precursor. The alumina nanofibers were non-crystalline, typically 2–10 nm in diameter and 20–210 nm in length. No alumina nanofiber formation was found in flames supported by air. Neither was alumina nanofiber formation found in flames with pure H 2 as fuel. Thermophoretic samples showed that the nanofibers were formed in the region past the maximum temperature zone of the flame. The experimental data suggest that the alumina nanofibers were formed from gas-phase aluminum-containing species in the flame. Gas-phase carbon-containing species such as CO were probably crucial to the formation of the alumina nanofibers.

We conducted terephthalic acid (TPA) synthesis from p-xylene in high-temperature liquid water (HTW) at 300°C. The p-xylene concentration at the reaction condition was 0.2 mol L−1, which is the highest to date in research that achieved at least 80 mol % yields of TPA in HTW. Pure oxygen gas was the oxidant. Increasing the MnBr2 catalyst concentration increased the rate of TPA formation only slightly. In contrast, whether oxygen was fed in small, quick, discrete bursts, or fed continuously significantly affected the p-xylene conversion and the TPA selectivity. Adding oxygen in quick bursts and small increments led to high selectivities (>90 mol %) of TPA. Continuous addition of oxygen failed to do so. In addition to identifying the sensitivity of this synthesis to the oxygen feed method, these results also demonstrate the feasibility of HTW for TPA synthesis at higher concentrations, and hence high TPA production per unit reactor volume. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009

Four hauling trips of approximately 6 h each were conducted to investigate effects of loading density on survival of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas. Commercially graded golden shiners (mean weight ± SE, 3.3 ± 0.04 g) were transported at densities of 120, 180, and 240 g of fish/L of water in insulated hauling tanks that were filled with fresh well water, chilled with unchlorinated block ice, and aerated with pure oxygen. The criterion for determining success or failure was golden shiner survival. Transportation at a given density was deemed successful if survival both at trip's end and at 18 h postdelivery was at least 99%. At all three hauling densities evaluated, survival exceeded 99% both at trip's end and at 18 h postdelivery. Furthermore, increasing loading density had no effect on whole-body cortisol concentrations, demonstrating that no significant stress response occurred. Un-ionized ammonia concentration increased with loading density (range, 0.05–0.46 mg/L) but had no effect on f...

A series of 7 experiments was conducted to explore suitable conditions for storing of unfertilized rainbow trout eggs in a chilled state. The eggs were stored in small vials at a temperature of 2 ± 1 °C. The factors studied were: duration of storage, number of egg layers, weight of eggs and the provision of aerobic conditions. Indicator of success was the proportion of eggs reaching the eyed stage when inseminated with cryopreserved semen. The outcome of the first 3 experiments indicated that, if eggs are stored two layers deep, for up to 10 days the best results will be obtained under an atmosphere of air. For large quantities of eggs stored several layers deep, and for extended periods of time (up to 20 days), pure oxygen proved to be more suitable. It is, however, advisable to not exceed a storage depth of 4 layers. The physical weight of the eggs stored up to 9 layers deep exerted no detrimental effect (Experiment 4). With increasing storage time, pH and oxygen concentration in the samples decreased, indicating intensive metabolic activity on the part of the eggs. The correlation coefficient between oxygen concentration in coelomic fluid and its pH was r = 0.76 (P

The ULCOS blast furnace process aims at reducing the CO2 emission of the blast furnace by 50% in two steps: Decrease of carbon consumption by recycling most of the top gas after CO2 removal, which requires operating the blast furnace with pure oxygen; Underground storage of CO2 . The first stage is essential to demonstrate the feasibility of this new process. It has been tested over a 6 week campaign at the LKAB experimental BF in Lulea. The facility was adapted specifically for the trials (including the erection of a VPSA plant). Different operating conditions were investigated. In conclusion, and taking into account underground storage, the CO2 emission at the blast furnace was reduced by up to 76%. For the steelmaking plant, this should result in a net CO2 -savings of 65% at the level of the hot rolled coil.

Microoxygenation (MO) allows the addition of small, continuous, and controlled amounts of pure oxygen or air to wines. This technique was developed to enhance quality of red wines. However, its positive effects are only achieved with adjusted supplies of oxygen, adequate for each kind of wine. The aim of this study was the evaluation of MO treatment effects on the sensory properties of different young single-variety red wines from two consecutive vintages. Wines from four diverse varieties were made to semi-industrial scale (5000 kg of grapes for each one). MO treatment was applied between alcoholic and malolactic fermentation to 2000 L of each wine, and it was adjusted to the characteristics of each wines. Descriptive sensorial analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of MO treatment. The results obtained showed that, independently of the sort of wine, MO allowed to stabilize the wine color, intensifying the color intensity as well as the blue or violet tones; it also reduced notes such as herbaceous, vegetal, reduction, dirty, or sulphidric ones; however increased fruity note and had a structuring effect modifying the global astringency as well as its particular components. The intensity of oxygen effects varied among wines, being detected variety and vintage factors of variability.

The electrolysis of hydrogen from water using a renewable energy power source is considered as an important component in the worldwide strategy to avert an environmental crisis. In small scale electrolysis, byproduct oxygen is normally vented as waste. Even for large scale renewable energy projects where hydrogen generation is considered as an option, there seems to be little enthusiasm for the collection of oxygen. This is mainly because major sources of renewable energy tend to be located away from major population and industry concentrations, which might make the collection and distribution of oxygen uneconomic. It is suggested here that oxygen can be beneficially recovered even for a low capacity renewable energy source such as a single wind turbine. Although finding local uses of oxygen to obviate transport issues is problematic, it is well established that fish production in aquaculture is significantly enhanced by managing dissolved oxygen levels using pure oxygen. The viability of linking ...

This investigation was on the oxidation ot phenanthrene. The oxidation was attempted by pass1ng unheated atmospherio air through l1~id phenanthrene, by passing preheated atmospherio air through liquid phenanthrene, and by passing unheated pure oxygen through liquid phenanthrene, varying the tempera~re of the phenanthrene and using no oatalyst. only traoes or small yields of the d1basl0 ao1~s were obtained in any ot the :rwuJ that were made. is

The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of bispectral index (BIS), spectral edge frequency 95% (SEF) and median frequency (MED) in relation to a simple descriptive scale (SDS) as indicators of anaesthetic depth at different desflurane concentrations in swine. Sixteen pigs were randomly allocated to four groups. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded during desflurane anaesthesia, and BIS, SEF and MED were calculated from the EEG. The agent was administered in pure oxygen at 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 1.7 MAC in randomized order. Anaesthetic depth was evaluated on a SDS. BIS decreased significantly (P

In-Water Recompression (IWR) is defined as a treatment of decompression sickness by immediate underwater recompression after the onset of symptoms in remote areas where hyperbaric chambers are not available. At least three methods of IWR have been published. They used pure oxygen breathing for prolonged periods of time at a depth of 9 m. IWR effectiveness in comparison with standard recompression techniques has not been assessed. IWR should be used in remote localities as an immediate measure to stop the evolution of decompression illness before evacuating the victim for subsequent treatment to the nearest hyperbaric facility. Resulting from environmental conditions, the risks of drowning and hypothermia are the most often quoted, pure oxygen breathing at 9 m can also expose to acute oxygen toxicity. The objectives of this work are: first, to examine existing published methods of IWR; second, to propose a new method of IWR. All published methods of IWR involve victim returning underwater for a long period of time. But dehydration due to a long period of immersion can worsen symptoms of decompression illness and acute oxygen toxicity is also related to the duration of the exposition. In response to these considerations we developed a shorter method of conducting IWR specifically targeted for a diving mission at Clipperton atoll in the Northern Pacific Ocean.

P-E hysteresis loops were measured in SrRuO3/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/Pt capacitor structures grown on (100) SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates using high-oxygen pressure on axis dc-sputtering technique. PZT films were grown by rf magnetron sputtering in a pure oxygen atmosphere. Capacitor structures with electrode areas of 5.0 × 10−4 and 6.5 × 10−3cm2 revealed clear hysteretic behavior. These hysteresis loops displayed asymmetric behavior due to the asymmetry of the electrodes used in SRO/PZT/Pt capacitors. We fitted hysteresis curves measured on capacitors based upon 40-nm thick PZT thin films by using a stochastic model of hysteresis proposed by Pal permitting the extraction of information on their ferroelectric properties.

This study examined hyperbaric oxygen seizures (seizures induced by breathing pure oxygen under pressure). In addition to the subject's importance to military diving, this preparation is of more generic interest because it provides an experimental model of chemically induced seizures that are generalized at onset. The object of this preliminary study was to find noise-robust numerical procedures that can identify the time of seizure onset. Several candidate methods were compared. They included a high order FIR filter, wavelet denoising and computation of the Hurst exponent. In these calculations, the original signal was corrupted with progressively larger amplitude additive noise. All three methods successfully identified seizure onset to an SNR of -10 dB. Of the methods considered, only the Hurst exponent was able to find the seizure when the SNR dropped to -20 dB.

This paper discusses the usage of settling column tests, full-scale stress tests, and whole-plant simulators as planning tools to assess the ultimate treatment plant capacity as well as impacts of process changes to effluent quality, process performance, side streams, and biosolids production rates. These planning tools are described in detail and the results of their implementation are presented for the two pure-oxygen activated sludge plants in San Francisco, California.

Water purification of lower layer in a lake of dam was investigated using micro bubble technology. A device for generating pure oxygen micro bubbles in the lower layer of the lake of dam was developed. Almost all micro bubbles formed by the micro bubble generator shrank and changed to micro-nano bubbles in tap water. The rising velocity of micro bubbles obeyed Stokes' law. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the lower layer in the wide area of the lake increased rapidly after providing pure oxygen micro bubbles. In addition, the turbidity increased temporarily by the supply of the bubbles, but the increasing area of the turbidity stayed only in the lower layer of the lake.

Hyperbaric oxygenation consists in exposing patients to increased gas pressures while inhaling pure oxygen. It involves the use of hyperbaric chambers that can double or triple gas pressure inside them. Hyperbaric oxygenation may be useful in different clinical situations, but mostly for the treatment of decompression syndrome. In the last decades, it has been used for the management of different kinds of wounds. Hyperbaric oxygenation not only increases the delivery of oxygen to damaged tissues, but also stimulates angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, stem cell migration and local immune response. Clinical trials that have addressed the use of hyperbaric oxygenation are difficult to compare due to their heterogeneity in terms of experimental design, kind of injuries involved and assessment of outcome. Even though, most studies support the concept that hyperbaric oxygenation accelerates the healing process.

The oxidation in 10(5)Pa of pure oxygen of three Ni-WxCr-7Al alloys (x = 0,5,10 at.%) was studied at 1173K. A dense external scale of NiO overlying a zone of internal oxidation formed on Ni-7Al and Ni-5Cr-7Al. On the contrary, an external Al2O3 layer formed on Ni-10Cr-7Al. Thus, the addition of sufficient Cr levels to Ni-7Al produced a classical third-element effect, inducing the transition between the internal and external oxidation of Al. This effect is interpreted on the basis of an extension to ternary alloys of a criterion first proposed by Wagner for the transition between the internal and external oxidation of the most reactive component in binary alloys.

The texture evolution property of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 (GZO) template films on non-textured Ni-based alloy was studied by off-normal ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) at low temperature of 200 °C, with varied bombarding ion elements of Ar, Ne, and O. In all cases a 〈1 1 1〉 axis aligned toward the ion incident direction preserving out-of-plane (1 0 0) alignment. The in-plane mosaic spread (Δ ϕ ) were clearly deteriorated for GZO films formed with assisting ions of Ar + Ne mixture or pure oxygen, compared to the case for pure Ar ion assisting. On the other hand, no recognizable ion elemental dependence on Δ ϕ was observed when GZO films were homoepitaxially grown by IBAD on already textured GZO surface.

The influence of the oxygen-content, the rolling method, the annealing method and the annealing temperature on the texture in silver have been studied. The results show that low oxygen-content in original material, annealing at a temperature higher than 700ı and annealing in an atmosphere such as inert gas, air or pure oxygen are beneficial to obtain the {110} component. Textured Ag substrate in which the main components is {110} has been obtained. The mechanism of texture-forming is studied using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) method.

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek 'AC Harosprout') seedlings were used to test the hypothesis that moderate oxidative stress offers protection against chilling injury. Chilling inhibits subsequent radicle growth. Decreased radicle elongation at 25°C after 1 to 4 days of chilling at 2.5°C was used as a measure of chilling injury. Exposure of seedlings with 3-5 mm long radicles to pure oxygen (O 2 ) for 24 hours (during which time the radicle grew to 10-15 mm in length) induced partial resistance to 1 or 2 days of chilling, but had no effect on seedlings chilled for 3 or 4 days. Soaking seedlings with 5 mm radicle in 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) for 45 minutes decreased the radicle length of chilled and non-chilled seedlings alike. The H 2 O 2 treatment had no effect on chilled and non-chilled seedlings when chilling was delayed until the radicles of H 2 O 2 treated seedlings had grown to 10 mm in length. These preliminary results indicated a possible role of moderate stress in inducing partial tolerance to chilling.

In order to cultivate plants under low pressure in closed environment, the germination rate of white radish was investigated under low pressure, low oxygen partial pressure and condition of pure oxygen. The result of these experiments showed that the germination rate was mainly affected by the oxygen partial pressure. This indicates that it is possible to germinate the seeds in lower pressure of pure oxygen. The germination rate of white radish was 75 percent at 6 kPa of pure oxygen. In the case of buckwheat, the germination rate was 73 percent at 6 kPa of pure oxygen at 20 C, and the germination rate at 20 C was higher than that at 25 C., 資料番号: AA0048095073

While silent discharge ozonizer feeding high-grade pure oxygen is operated for many hours, the ozone concentration decreases remarkably with time. In the extreme case, the ozone concentration comes down to almost zero. Therefore, we call this “ozone zero phenomenon". The phenomenon was first discovered in about 1990 and various examinations were performed by many researchers. However, the explicit clarification has not yet been found. In order to clarify the mechanism of this phenomenon, the authors developed an ozone production system which consists of two ozonizers connected with cascade in the same direction with the flowing gas. With feeding the pure oxygen, ozone produced by the primary ozonizer was provided into the secondary ozonizer that causes the ozone zero phenomenon and both ozonizers were driven sequentially to observe the each response of the ozone concentration. Moreover, the same investigations were conducted by adding NOx and Ar from an external gas inlet attached between the primary and secondary ozonizers. It is found that the ozone zero phenomenon disappears and ozone concentration is recovered by adding NOx without electrical discharge. Therefore, the phenomenon is considered by decompositions of ozone produced at wall surface.

Bi 0.85 Pr 0.15 Fe 0.9 Co 0.1 O 3 (BPFCO) thin films were deposited on Pt(111)/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si(100) substrates, with SrRuO 3 as buffer layer, by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Polarization measurement of the unannealed film exhibited a clear double hysteresis loop with a large remnant polarization of 81 μC/cm 2 . However, the double hysteresis loop phenomenon was suppressed in the BPFCO thin films annealed under pure oxygen atmosphere. The related mechanism for the appearance of double hysteresis loops was found to be due to defect dipoles associated with the oxygen vacancy. The magnetic property analysis presents further evidences for double hysteresis loop characteristic in the unannealed BPFCO thin films.

We have developed a biodegradable, malleable, osteoconductive material for calvarial bone defect reconstruction, and evaluated the extent of new bone formation in rabbits after its implantation followed by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Critical-sized calvarial bone defects (15 mm in diameter) were created in 40 New Zealand white rabbits, and reconstructed using the osteoconductive material. Twenty rabbits were given 30 sessions of intermittent HBO treatment (pure oxygen at 2.4 atmospheric absolute pressure (ATA) for 90 min) after surgery; the others, without HBO treatment, served as controls. Sequential fluorescent labeling was performed after surgery. The animals were euthanized 3 months after surgery and bone specimens were subjected to microradiographic, histological, and histomorphometric evaluations. The results demonstrate that there was significantly more new bone formation in the HBO group compared with the controls (microradiogram: 85.2±4.2% vs. 32.5±2.2% of the original bone defect, histomorphometry: 70.2±3.4% vs. 30.8±2.4% of the original bone defect, p

A thermodynamic model for the partial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was used to study product compositions attainable in the superadiabatic partial oxidation regime. Superadiabatic partial oxidation techniques permit attainment of operating temperatures significantly in excess of the adiabatic temperature of the incoming reactants. The superadiabatic partial oxidation of H2S is studied numerically by varying acid gas and oxidizer feed compositions with overall goal of optimizing the hydrogen yield. These reactant parameters were varied as follows: (20% H 2 S /80% N 2 )/ air , (20% H 2 S /80% N 2 )/ O 2 , 100% H 2 S / air , 100% H 2 S / O 2 , (75% H 2 S /25% N 2 )/ air , and (75% H 2 S /25% N 2 )/ O 2 . The performed analysis predicts favorable H2 and low SO2 yields in the region of ultra-rich superadiabatic partial oxidation at equivalence ratios above 6 for all studied acid gas and oxidizer compositions. Pure oxygen as an oxidizer shifts the thermodynamic range to equivalence ratios >12. Oxygen operation appears thermodynamically promising. With oxygen, high H2 and low SO2 yields are attainable in the superadiabatic systems with lower degrees of heat recuperation.

An Fe–31.8Mn–6.09Al–1.60Si–0.40C alloy was subjected to thermogravimetric tests, in atmospheres of pure oxygen and synthetic air. The alloy showed good oxidation resistance, especially at 600 and 700 °C in air and at 600 °C in oxygen. Owing to autocorrelation identified in the results, kinetic data were analyzed by the statistical method of Cochrane and Orcutt. Parabolic kinetic behaviour was observed for the Fe–Mn–Al–Si–C alloy oxidation process in air at 600, 700 and 800 °C and in pure oxygen at 900 °C.

This paper gives an account of preliminary results about the impact of an oxidative atmosphere on peroxidation. Attention is focused on the level, nature, and reactivity of (hydro)peroxides with respect to the oxidative component concentration. Our main result is surprising: a lower peroxidation rate occurs, but a higher content of hydroperoxides are formed in air than in pure oxygen atmospheres. The results may lead to an approach to understand the influence of atmospheric factors on the outdoor weathering of polymers.