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Long-term encampment has become a reality for a large portion of the forcibly displaced population of the contemporary world, given the inadequacies and limitations of the conventional durable solutions to forced displacement. However, encampment is principally a temporary arrangement that prevents long-term programming in camps, making long-term encampment contradictory and an arena of uncertainty, misery, and despair for the camp dwellers. It is rather more rational to admit long-term encampment as a reality and act on it as it involves unjustifiable humanitarian costs. The paper calls for thinking beyond the conventional practices and focusing on the wellbeing of the encamped population from a life-course perspective. It proposes a framework for building welfare institutions in refugee camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Refugee HIV positive mothers experience significant obstacles in accessing, utilizing and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Identifying ART non-adherence can help in the development of interventions aimed at improving adherence and subsequently effectiveness of ART among the refugee mothers. We describe the use and the factors associated with non-adherence to ART among Refugee HIV positive pregnant mothers aged 18–49 years in Kyangwali Refugee Camp, Uganda. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among HIV positive pregnant mothers aged 18–49 years in Kyangwali refugee camp between May and June 2023. Using a structured questionnaire, we collected data on use, and factors associated with non-adherence to ART. We used modified Poisson regression analysis to determine factors associated with non-adherence to ART. Results: Of the 380 participants enrolled, 192 (50.5%) were married, mean age 32.1 years. Overall, 98.7; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [97.5–99.8%] were using ART and 27.4; 95% CI [22.9–31.9%] were non-adherent. Non-adherence was associated with: Initiating Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) care in the third trimester of pregnancy (adjusted Prevalence ration(aPR): 2.06; 95% CI: 1.27–3.35), no need to get permission to seek PMTCT services aPR 1.61; 95% CI [1.07–2.42] and poor attitude of PMTCT providers aPR 1.90; 95% CI [1.20–3.01]. Conclusion and recommendations: Non-adherence to ART was generally high; therefore limiting the effectiveness of the PMTCT program in this setting. Refugee context specific education interventional programs aimed at early initiation into HIV care, strong social and psychological support from families, communities and health care providers are vital to improve adherence in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the critical issue of water insecurity and its multifaceted impact on and relationship to the human rights and environmental justice conditions within Rohingya refugee camps located in New Delhi, India. A comprehensive mixed-methods approach was employed to investigate water-related challenges within a refugee camp in Madanpur Khadar, region in Delhi. Qualitative methods including focused group discussions and one-on-one household interviews were conducted to allow residents' perceptions from diverse groups and examine their experiences. Structured surveys were administered to gather quantitative data on water access, sanitation, health, and socio-economic factors. Additionally,, literature surveys and document archival research provided contextual insights. This study underscores the pressing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) challenges faced by Rohingya refugees in the area, revealing irregular water supply, impacting residents' daily lives and hygiene practices. The majority of families in the camp, with an average of 6 members in each family, can only collect 30–40 L of water to meet all their needs, from consumption to personal hygiene, which is significantly insufficient. This situation has resulted in severe health consequences for the camp residents. Alarmingly, over 90% of the female respondents reported experiencing issues such as urinary infections. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the multidimensionality of rights that intersect with and are affected by WaSH issues. The poor WaSH conditions in the camp directly hinder the fulfillment of fundamental human rights. It not only disrupts the basic sanitation need but has negative economic repercussions and causes mental distress. This study concludes by targeted recommendations aimed at improving the conditions prevailing within the camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWithin the context of extended displacement, this research examines the meaning of ‘place’ as perceived by long-term Palestinian refugees residing in two prominent West Bank camps, Balata and Jenin. The study delves into the complex dynamics of place within the context of protracted exile. Using a robust constructivist grounded theory approach, it enables theoretical revelations to surface from empirical evidence collected in the field. Fieldwork was performed, employing a mixed-methods strategy that incorporates a Likert scale questionnaire and in-depth interviews with three different generations of displaced individuals. Despite the crises induced by forced displacement and its influence on place identity, the research illuminates the ability to form place attachments to these temporary settlements. Notably, this attachment is unique in its dependence on memories and connections to a lost homeland rather than the physical attributes of the current living environment. The findings of the study contribute to the theoretical exploration of place attachment, place identity, and place dependence, specifically in contexts of extended displacement. Moreover, the insights derived from the research have practical implications for the management and planning strategies within such refugee settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stories of children moving in and out of refugee camps are not uncommon yet are often overshadowed by the dominant narratives of oppression, political failure, and war—the stories told of rather than told by refugees. Dominant narratives on refugees largely shape perceptions about children and youth in displacement as vulnerable, voiceless, and passive. Instead, stories told by these populations highlight their identities as capable and determined. Employing a narrative approach to inquiry in relation to agency, this study seeks to understand how lived experiences of female refugee youth are shared through storytelling. Written narratives of 55 adolescent girls in Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya revealed not only the complex and complicated circumstances of their educational journey but also their agency. This paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of storytelling, which enables us to better understand the needs of the displaced populations, but also their capabilities, aspirations and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increased heterogeneity of living conditions of refugees in recent years, there is a lack of robust epidemiological data about the relationship between refugees' mental health and their living contexts. The current study aims to compare frequencies of pre-migration traumatic events and post-migration difficulties between refugees living in camps and those living in cities; and to identify the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and factors associated with them. A field survey was conducted among 1,470 refugees living in camps and urban settings of Turkey. The survey instruments included a socio-demographic form, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Post-migration Living Difficulties Scale, and the PTSD and depression modules of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Both PTSD and depression were more common in urban settings than in camps. Both disorders were associated with living context and migration-related experiences. Pre-migration traumas were more frequent among refugees living in cities than in those living in camps, while post-migration difficulties were more common in the refugees living in camps. The living context is potentially a critical determinant of refugee mental health. Camp and urban refugees may have different experiences and needs. In particular, refugees living in some urban settings may be at higher risk for having psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost a million Rohingya refugees remain trapped in refugee camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, more than six years after being driven from Myanmar. The stated policy of the international community remains voluntary repatriation. This paper lays out our argument that the narrative of repatriation is a myth, not a genuine possibility any time in the next decade or more. Our central argument is that full repatriation of the whole refugee population is completely impossible regardless of outcome of the civil war in Myanmar, probably ever, and even repatriation of a sizeable minority is speculative, reliant on either the Arakan Army winning clear territorial control or a democratic government coming to power that gains clear control over the military. Even in these best-case scenarios, we argue that the demographic pressure of some 1.2 million Rohingya potentially returning to Rakhine State would be so destabilising as to make it an impossibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women, children, the aged, and the physically challenged, among others, constitute the vulnerable population in every society but are usually catered for in crisis-ridden situations by the leadership of developed nations, contrary to what obtains in Nigeria, consequent upon rural banditry attacks. This paper investigated how leadership's attitude to banditry attacks on rural communities in Benue State, Nigeria, has rendered the vulnerable miserable with the manner in which the various Internally Displaced Persons' Camps (IDPCs) have been established to give relief to the victims. It adopted a descriptive research method, extracted data using secondary sources of data collection, and used Emergency Management Theory (EMT) to explain the paper. It reveals that before the escalation of rural banditry in Benue State, women, children, and the physically challenged were carrying out their various agricultural practices and other personal businesses without any hindrance. It observed that people appeared to have been merely protected by the efforts of their various family members and their various communities. It argued further that bandits' attacks on these rural communities created an upheaval in the environment, bringing about looting, kidnapping, maiming, and loss of lives and property of serious magnitude. The deadly attacks on these various communities, their desertion, and the displacement of family members led to a humanitarian crisis of multiple dimensions. The need to take care of the vulnerable population by the government led to the setting up of Internally Displaced Persons' Camps (IDPCs). The paper concluded that these IDPCs are poorly managed and characterized by corruption and negligence, among others. It is recommended that security in rural communities be beefed up to forestall further bandits' attacks, while the IDPCs should be properly protected, funded, and better managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The current war on the Gaza strip and the circulating violent content is believed to negatively impact the mental health of the Palestinians living in refugee camps outside their homeland. This study explores the prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in a cohort of female Palestinian refugees in Jordan who have family members entangled in the persistent conflict in the Gaza strip. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study employed validated tools to assess depression, anxiety, and insomnia in women residing in a Gaza camp located in Jerash, Jordan. The correlates were determined by regression analysis. Results: The study unearths disconcerting statistics from 177 recruited women, revealing alarmingly high rates of severe depression (73%), anxiety (60%), and insomnia (65%). Multivariable analysis revealed that severe depression was significantly associated with prior diagnosis with chronic diseases (OR = 3.0, CI = 1.36–6.58), and having a first-degree relative in Gaza (OR = 0.42, CI = 0.20–0.85). Additionally, severe insomnia was associated with "losing relatives or friends in the war" (OR = 3.01, CI = 1.41–6.44), and "losing connection with families and friends" (OR = 3.89, CI = 1.58–9.53). Conclusions: The implications of these results are profound, underscoring the immediate and imperative need for both medical and psychiatric interventions aimed at addressing the substantial psychological burden borne by this population because of the ongoing conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research from displacement contexts globally has shown that refugees actively collaborate to establish learning centres in order to address educational service gaps facing their communities, such as lack of access or low-quality education. However, much of the existing research focuses on refugee-led educational initiatives that lack national accreditation. Less is known about nationally accredited refugee-led education initiatives – independently established, funded, and managed solely by refugees, especially in refugee camps. With this study, I contribute to the understanding of this lesser-known phenomenon. I examine the conditions underlying the emergence of nationally accredited refugee-led schools in Kenya's Dadaab camps and what these schools do to improve education quality and their students' performance in national exams. I draw on six months of ethnographic research and virtual follow-ups between 2020 and 2022. In the context of the evolving localisation of humanitarian aid discourse, this study broadens insights into governance practices that yield effective service delivery, good quality education, and better results in national examinations. The case of the nationally accredited refugee-led schools in Dadaab camps teaches us that direct support to the state and refugees, rather than intermediary INGOs, can improve students' results in national exams and the quality of education overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) systems provide an opportunity for health systems to understand the determinants of maternal and perinatal deaths in order to improve quality of care and prevent future deaths from occurring. While there has been broad uptake and learning from low- and middle-income countries, little is known on how to effectively implement MPDSR within humanitarian contexts – where disruptions in health service delivery are common, infrastructural damage and insecurity impact the accessibility of care, and severe financial and human resource shortages limit the quality and capacity to provide services to the most vulnerable. This study aimed to understand how contextual factors influence facility-based MPDSR interventions within five humanitarian contexts. Methods: Descriptive case studies were conducted on the implementation of MPDSR in Cox's Bazar refugee camps in Bangladesh, refugee settlements in Uganda, South Sudan, Palestine, and Yemen. Desk reviews of case-specific MPDSR documentation and in-depth key informant interviews with 76 stakeholders supporting or directly implementing mortality surveillance interventions were conducted between December 2021 and July 2022. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Dedoose software. Thematic content analysis was employed to understand the adoption, penetration, sustainability, and fidelity of MPDSR interventions and to facilitate cross-case synthesis of implementation complexities. Results: Implementation of MPDSR interventions in the five humanitarian settings varied in scope, scale, and approach. Adoption of the interventions and fidelity to established protocols were influenced by availability of financial and human resources, the implementation climate (leadership engagement, health administration and provider buy-in, and community involvement), and complex humanitarian-health system dynamics. Blame culture was pervasive in all contexts, with health providers often facing punishment or criminalization for negligence, threats, and violence. Across contexts, successful implementation was driven by integrating MPDSR within quality improvement efforts, improving community involvement, and adapting programming fit-for-context. Conclusions: The unique contextual considerations of humanitarian settings call for a customized approach to implementing MPDSR that best serves the immediate needs of the crisis, aligns with stakeholder priorities, and supports health workers and humanitarian responders in providing care to the most vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era of globalization people are continuously on the move from one geographical location to another. This move turns into migration when they settle at a place other than their home and during their permanent settlement at a new location, other than their own country, they maintain a connection with the people of their community over there to remember and preserve the culture, heritage and ethnicity create diaspora. If the diaspora is voluntary, people try to assimilate the new culture and sometimes create a hybrid culture by mixing the ethnic culture with the culture of the host nation. But if it is forced diaspora then initially the diasporic population tries to resist the change and long to return to their homeland. Hala Alyan is a Palestinian American author. Her novels and poems provide moving references to the Palestinian diaspora which comprises, the Palestinian exodus caused by the declaration of the independent state of Israel in 1948, followed by the Seven Days War of 1967, with ample light on the life of refugees in camps and other hardships and psychological traumas caused by displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Forms of Migration: Global Perspectives on Im/migrant Art and Literature" is a book review published in Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees. The text explores the innovative representational spaces opened up by forced migration studies in the arts and humanities, focusing on the creative works of artists and authors from regions like the Middle East and North Africa. The volume emphasizes the intertwining of scholarly and creative approaches in addressing displacement, showcasing experimental visual and textual material relevant to various fields of study. The book reflects the perspectives of displaced individuals and contributes to the study of (im)mobilities and refuge through interdisciplinary and collaborative initiatives. [Extracted from the article]

Research in comparative politics on informal institutions can be grouped into analysis of norms and values within government institutions and studies of self-governance in communities that are relatively isolated from states. Three recent books by Nadya Hajj, Shelby Grossman, and David Skarbek advance this research agenda by showing that self-governance can be significant even in contexts where the state is present, including refugee camps, markets in urban settings, and in prisons. They also offer abundant insights into how to overcome challenges with measuring and analyzing informal institutions. Rather than prioritize private or public governance, the authors see these as imperfect alternatives that invite analysis of why private governance works better in some contexts than in others for communities seeking to improve their lives in challenging circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an interview with Marwan Abd el-'Al, a leading member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), conducted in Beirut's Mar Elias refugee camp. The interview covers various topics, including the inception of the PFLP and its early years in Lebanon, the consequences of the wartime period in Lebanon for Palestinians, the priorities and goals of the PFLP in today's Lebanese context, the PFLP's position on the revolutionary movement in Lebanon in 2019, and the rising popularity of Ghassan Kanafani's work. The interview provides insights into the political and social situation faced by Palestinians in Lebanon and the role of the PFLP in advocating for their rights. Another part of the text focuses on Ghassan Kanafani, a Palestinian writer and political figure. The author discusses Kanafani's literature and its reflection of the Palestinian people's experiences and struggles. They also explore Kanafani's involvement in the PFLP and his contributions to the organization's political and organizational strategies. The author emphasizes Kanafani's dedication to the Palestinian cause and his belief in the role of culture in supporting resistance. They also address the controversy surrounding Kanafani's political affiliation and his assassination by Israel. Overall, the text provides insights into Kanafani's political and literary legacy. [Extracted from the article]

The text from the Journal of Palestine Studies recounts the harrowing experiences of Halima, a Palestinian elder who has endured displacement, violence, and loss throughout her life. From being expelled from her village in 1948 to facing ongoing Israeli military assaults in 2024, Halima's story reflects the broader struggles of Palestinian elders in the Gaza Strip. The text highlights the devastating impact of Israeli military actions on Palestinian elders, including chronic illness, famine, and mass incarceration. It also underscores the resilience and dignity of Palestinian and Lebanese elders in the face of ongoing violence and dispossession, urging readers to remember their historical and revolutionary legacies. [Extracted from the article]

This essay is a culmination of a twenty-two-year-long process of gathering, digitizing, and engaging a repository of photographs in the Palestinian refugee camp of Burj al-Shamali, southeast of Tyre, Lebanon. The larger project that emerged from years of collaboration, titled "Frictional Con-versations," combines research, conversational practice, and performative interventions to expand the concept of the photographic image by dematerializing and rematerializing it in new forms. This essay reflects a -frictional conversation among the authors that took place near Burj al-Shamali in November 2023. During the conversation, the authors revisited their collaborative work and specific collections of images; they also discussed their contribution to understanding the ongoing genocide of the Palestinian people, as well as their collective responsibilities to care for the digital repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than two decades, Shireen Abu Akleh was the voice of Palestine on Al Jazeera in Palestine, the Arab world, and beyond. On May 11, 2022, she was brutally murdered by an Israeli sniper while covering events in the Jenin refugee camp, devastating her listeners all over the world to this day. Despite the insurmountable loss, her legacy continues to impact and inspire a new generation of Palestinian journalists and media workers, especially girls and young women. In April 2024, JPS editor R. Abdelnabi met with Abu Akleh's niece, Lina Abu Akleh, via video conference to discuss her aunt's legacy and the Abu Akleh family's advocacy in getting justice for Shireen's murder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text examines the global movement against "gender ideology" and its connection to various political movements. It discusses how feminist and queer theories have challenged traditional notions of gender and sex, leading to a backlash from religious and political forces. The article explores the rise of the anti-gender movement worldwide, linking it to economic insecurity and populist rhetoric. It highlights the targeting of LGBTQ individuals, feminists, and gender activists as enemies of the state. The article also explores the role of social media in amplifying and spreading anti-gender sentiments. It concludes by discussing the resistance against the anti-gender movement, including a new wave of feminist and queer resistance that rejects elitist liberal feminism and embraces populism. The text emphasizes successful resistance strategies such as solidarity, coalition-building, and acts of care and kindness. It concludes with poems that highlight the power of art in creating a more feminist and queer future. [Extracted from the article]

ṣulḥ is a well-known Islamic legal method of dispute resolution through amicable settlement practiced in Western Sahara. It standardly includes different phases, including negotiation between the affected parties mediated by local elites, the payment of compensation (sometimes symbolic), and a ceremony in which the conflict is resolved and social peace restored. This paper examines the implementation and evolution of this practice in the Sahrawi refugee camps from their creation in 1975 to the present day. The article proposes that ṣulḥ has played a central role in building social cohesion in the refugee camps, highlighting the importance of the institutions through which cohesion is maintained in contexts of prolonged conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Period poverty is a significant issue that impacts the physical and psychological well-being of menstruators worldwide which can further contribute to poor mental health outcomes. For menstruators living in refugee camps, access to menstrual hygiene products is often limited or non-existent, leading to increased anxiety, shame, and embarrassment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of the period poverty and to comprehensively analyze the association between period poverty, reusing menstrual products, and depressive symptoms among menstruators living in refugee camps in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed refugee menstruators living in camps in Jordan, aged post-menarche to pre-menopause. Data collection included socio-demographics, menstrual practices, and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Period poverty was assessed through affordability and frequency of struggles with menstrual products. Chi-squared test, independent sample t-test, One Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Post hoc, and logistic regression models were used in the analysis. Results: The study included a diverse sample of 386 refugee menstruators living in camps in Jordan (mean age 32.43 ± 9.95, age range 13–55). Period poverty was highly prevalent, with 42.0% reporting monthly struggles to afford menstrual products, and 71.5% reusing menstrual products. Univariate analysis revealed that experiencing period poverty was significantly associated with a younger age of marriage, increased number of children, lower education level, lower mother and father education levels, unemployment, decreased monthly income, absence of health insurance, lower reuse need score, and increased PHQ-9 score (p < 0.05). Menstruators experiencing monthly period poverty were 2.224 times more likely to report moderate to severe depression compared to those without period poverty (95% CI 1.069–4.631, P = 0.033). Conclusion: This study highlights a significant association between period poverty and depressive symptoms among refugee menstruators in living in camps in Jordan, as high rates of period poverty were associated with a 2.2-fold increased likelihood of reporting moderate to severe depression. Addressing period poverty in refugee settings is crucial for mitigating depression risks and enhancing overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the analytical lens of (in)dependency conundrum to highlight how asylum seekers in refugee camps are pushed to be self‐reliant while, however, their autonomous social reproduction activities and spaces of liveability are hindered. Focusing on Greece, it intertwines critical migration scholarship with feminist geography literature on unpaid labour to investigate refugees' obstructed social reproduction activities. It moves on by exploring the (in)dependency conundrum that refugees face in Greece from a condition of protracted carcerality enforced beyond detention. In the third section it highlights the continuum between social reproduction activities and other unpaid labours done by asylum seekers in camps, as a result of humanitarianism' s subtle coercion. In the last section it draws attention to refugees' collective mobilisations in Greek refugee camps: raising punctual demands about food and accommodation, they articulated expansive claims about their right to autonomous social reproduction activities and to build infrastructures of liveability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study interrogates the historical methodology that underpins research undertaken by historians writing about mental health in the postwar world. I question their near-exclusive reliance on medical elites' studies, correspondence and reports, and call instead for a closer analysis of the experiences of front-line workers, including social workers and nurses, to better understand the social, political, cultural, economic and gender dynamics that shape the diagnosis and treatment of civilian wartime trauma. Drawing upon the case reports and correspondence of a psychiatric social worker who counselled Holocaust survivors in a Displaced Persons camp in the American Zone of Allied-occupied Germany, I use this article as an opportunity to rethink how we write about the history of trauma and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork at the Lebanese‐Syrian border, this article analyses the gendered economy of debt among Syrian farmworkers in shawish camps, which have for decades supplied the largest and lowest paid seasonal labour force within Lebanon's food system. In turn, it traces how debt relations in these camps expanded as hundreds of thousands of Syrians sought long‐term refuge in Lebanon throughout the war in Syria (2011 to present). Revisiting classic and contemporary agrarian questions of debt from a feminist social reproduction perspective, the article charts how this debt system ultimately deepened the burdens of feminized work in the fields and in the home. Emblematic of debt's 'reproductive binds', these camps offer broader insights into how debt reconfigures gendered and generational divisions of labour within displaced agricultural families—and how these conditions are negotiated, contested and reproduced in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article from Western American Literature discusses Joy Harjo's poetry collection "An American Sunrise," focusing on themes of land redress, migration, and home-building from personal, tribal, and hemispheric perspectives. Harjo's work explores Indigenous homelands as a refuge for the vulnerable and disenfranchised, highlighting the reciprocal relations between human and more-than-human communities. Through historical reflections and poetic narratives, Harjo challenges colonialist forces shaping global mobility injustice and examines the effects of Indigenous land eviction and dislocation. She emphasizes the importance of place-based solidarity, radical hospitality, and intercultural mediation in addressing conflictive experiences of place and fostering a shared responsibility in local and global contexts. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an overview of the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine, focusing on the destruction of infrastructure and the high number of casualties, particularly among children and women. It also discusses the growing international solidarity and calls for boycotts and sanctions against Israel. The author draws parallels between the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and the current situation in Palestine, emphasizing the need for global support and recognition of Israel's role in global capitalism. The article encourages library patrons to explore the historical roots of South African solidarity with Palestine and to be inspired by the resilience of Palestinians in their resistance. It also highlights the importance of international solidarity in addressing genocide and other atrocities worldwide, emphasizing the need for unity among different groups fighting for the same objectives. The article concludes by highlighting the increasing number of casualties in the conflict, with many deaths caused by indirect health-related implications, and the significance of the Palestine issue in bringing together activists and groups from diverse backgrounds and perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "Risk and resolve: A litmus test for collective humanity" explores the struggles faced by Palestinians and the importance of addressing their situation without controversy. The authors express frustration at the silencing and defamation of those who speak out against injustice and emphasize the role of educators in challenging oppression. They argue that the struggle for Palestinian liberation is interconnected with other forms of oppression and call for a recognition of the resilience and courage of the Palestinian people. The article also highlights the interconnectedness of various social justice issues and the need to challenge dominant narratives. The authors share their personal experiences as an Arab individual, discussing the challenges they have faced due to anti-Arab racism and stereotypes. They emphasize the ongoing conflict in Palestine and the need for solidarity and justice, while also stressing the importance of education in addressing racism and promoting empathy and understanding. The article questions the collective humanity and actions of individuals in the face of violence and injustice. [Extracted from the article]

How and why is power used in humanitarian projects? Coordinating organizations, such as UN agencies, carry power and influence over NGOs to advance the interests of beneficiaries. However, coordination can be managed by a single authority or by multiple authorities that share or delegate responsibilities. Furthermore, coordinators may leverage different types of power, including non‐mediated forms like referent and expert power, or mediated forms such as reward, legitimate, or coercive power. This research draws upon 57 interviews regarding organizational behavior with members of international and local non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), UN agencies, and government officials involved in managing Rohingya refugee camps in Southern Bangladesh. The observations suggest that in single‐authority layered projects, referent and expert powers are commonly employed, leading to improvements in quality and delivery performance. Reward power is typically wielded informally and is linked to cost performance. In dual‐layered projects, legitimate power is used to enhance quality and delivery performance. This article's originality lies in its extension of the use of power to multi‐tiered supply chain settings; its contribution is to organizational theory regarding the resolution of principal‐agent issues; and its insights are into the nuanced effects of different types of power based on project types. It offers valuable guidance to policymakers and practitioners, highlighting effective approaches for coordinating inter‐organizational efforts in challenging and unconventional supply chain settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper aims to investigate world literature’s struggle for finding an imaginary way out of the hegemonic logic of neoliberal capitalism, the standardization of global narratives, and the commodification of local realities. We will delve into the cultural relation between imagination and collective memory in order to investigate how fictionalization negotiates the accessibility of the past, retaining or dismissing unassimilable memories and representations. The paper will draw on the compelling case of Lebanese writer Elias Khoury, who worked with the fragments of the stories he gathered from a Palestinian refugee camp, during the 1948 Arab-Istraeli war, in two of his major novels, Bāb al-Shams (Gate of the Sun, 1998) and Awlād al-Ghītū—Ismī Ādam (Children of the Ghetto—My Name is Adam, 2016). What these novels have in common is a fascination with the role of narrative imagination/storytelling within the dynamics of fractured representational relations on the global stage. Thus, I seek to look into the ways in which transnational imagination integrates or translates historical disruption or experiences of displacement. I am interested in the mechanisms employed by these works of fiction that shed light on how the ‘local’ becomes comprehensible through universalizing frames or on how the local functions as a spectre within this trans-cultural imaginary. The general aim is to see whether these contexts in which our relation to the story of the victim is constructed through the prevalence of imagination over memory discourses or historical narratives can foster a sense of international solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perspektive Mediation is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With continued conflicts all over the world, more refugees will continue migrating to countries they consider safe. According to Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and Young Leaders Think Tank (2017), refugees prefer dwelling in urban areas, which can be attributed to the global urbanisation phenomenon. This paper examines the factors influencing rural-urban migration to inform refugee management in urban settings. According to the Office of the Prime Minister, Uganda Refugee Statistics of September 2023, Uganda was host to over 1.5 million refugees, mainly from, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Burundi, Eritrea and Rwanda. These refugees are registered in the rural settlements (refugee camps) as provided for by Uganda's legal framework on the management of refugees, which framework also only recognises refugees in the capital Kampala as urban refugees. However, the landscape has evolved as some refugees have self-settled in various urban centres across Uganda, rapidly increasing the urban population and stressing urban services. Our study findings in Koboko Municipality show various personal, push and pull factors responsible for the refugees' decision for ruralurban migration. These factors relate to demographic age, education level, gender, better social services, payable employment, economic activities, and utilisation of skills among others. The findings signal the need to recognise and plan for urban refugees in urban areas other than Kampala City. Urbanisation is a factor in refugee management in Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Civil Engineering (Polish Academy of Sciences) is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Typically, human rights abusers are widely condemned by the international community in the context of transitional justice. But what happens when the transition to democracy generates refugees that are not permitted to return to what appears to now be a stable, peaceful democracy? This is the case of Bhutan, who forcefully expelled its largest minority community during a period of nation building, then successfully transitioned to democracy without any accountability for the crimes that occurred during that process. While approximately 100,000 Bhutanese refugees in camps awaited some measure of justice and hoped for repatriation, the international community provided them with a democratically grounded education to raise awareness of their rights. But this education was not matched by any pathways to exercise those rights or achieve justice. This article examines how particular challenges to transitional justice are experienced by refugee and diaspora communities, and how current justice structures frequently fail to meet their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to understand the impact of a new distance dance-at-home course on South African university students’ quality of life in the era of pandemic. The following research questions guided the enquiry: What were students’ experiences of this dance-at-home course? and How did participation in this dance-at-home course contribute to student wellbeing and connection, during a time of trauma and isolation? Since online streaming was not a feasible option at this Eastern Cape university, most of the course consisted of dance-making activities students could do alone or with their family members, at home. 48 students volunteered to participate in this study. Reflective journals, questionnaires, and interviews were used as data collection methods. Data revealed that participants in this dance-at-home course experienced a kind of freedom that was transformative and life changing, as it added to their quality of life during a period of trauma and isolation. Through dance-making at home, participants were able to find the freedom within, find the freedom to express their culture, find a lifeline in times of crisis, and find meaningful connection in times of isolation. Implications are that this course can be facilitated in refugee camps and spaces of war, assisting persons to find the freedom within, in times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the advantages of vaccination in preventing maternal and fetal problems, there were many concerns in the medical community regarding vaccine safety for pregnant women, and this has put obstetricians in a challenging situation when it comes to advising their pregnant patients on whether to obtain the vaccine Aim: This study was performed to define the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and assess the impact of COVID-19 attitudes and knowledge on vaccine acceptance between pregnant and lactating Syrian women who are seeking prenatal care services at the clinics in Azraq refugee camp in Jordan. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional study utilizing a non-probability convenience sample. A validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire consisting of four sections was used. Results: A total of 412 pregnant/lactating women was recruited The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 86.5%. There was a significant positive moderate association between respondents' attitudes and knowledge around the COVID-19 vaccine and their acceptance of the vaccine (r =.468, p <.001, r =.357, p <.001), respectively. Conclusion: To effectively mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and achieve collective protection, decision-makers must intensify the efforts in promoting the importance of maternal vaccination, especially in vulnerable communities that suffer the most from pandemic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on a recent trip to the West Bank, Palestine, where the authors aimed to document the daily life of residents. However, they found that the term "everyday life" does not accurately describe the condition in the West Bank, where there is a constant cycle of disasters and grief. The focus of the project shifted to memory and witnessing, as these were found to be at the forefront of the Palestinian struggle. The authors share their experiences in different cities and refugee camps, highlighting the challenges and dangers faced by the residents. They emphasize the value of testimony and the importance of preserving and transmitting it over time. The text discusses the concept of testimony and its importance in conveying personal experiences and historical events, using the stories of Primo Levi, a Holocaust survivor, and Abu Majen, a Palestinian refugee, as examples. The text also mourns the loss of Jafar, a Palestinian resistance fighter, and emphasizes the daily violence faced by Palestinians, calling for an end to the occupation. It concludes by discussing a documentary project that aims to document Palestinian memory and raise awareness about the situation. [Extracted from the article]

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in the response to human displacement yet face competing pressures. One ongoing site of displacement is among the 1.1 million Rohingya persons living in refugee camps in Bangladesh. NGOs are party to the ongoing humanitarian response yet operate under competing demands by multiple stakeholders. To what extent do NGOs meet the various expectations among different groups of Rohingya refugee beneficiary stakeholders? We used UNHCR survey data from 31 refugee sites in Cox's Bazar to empirically examine the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic indicators with satisfaction levels of service provision. We find that female refugees and head of household disability (difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, remembering, or communicating) are indicators that present the most significant differences; NGO responses more often overlook the priority needs of females and persons with disabilities when compared to other refugees, a response gap that reduces their satisfaction and potentially heightens these groups' vulnerabilities. Although UNHCR and NGOs face pressures from competing demands within beneficiary populations, they also have opportunities to develop refugee-centered policies and practices that are more responsive to vulnerable groups. Overall, this paper adds dimension to understanding of various refugee stakeholder perspectives within a camp setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and associated factors among male refugees within a refugee community. A sample of 441 Syrian refugee men from Al- Za’atari refugee camp and other cities was conveniently recruited, and data was collected in 2022 using the revised conflict tactics scale. The findings revealed that psychological IPV was the most prevalent form of abuse, while negotiation, injury, and physical IPV were rare. The age and education level of the men were related to the prevalence of negotiation, psychological victimization, and physical victimization committed by women. Certain demographic variables were found to predict the prevalence of psychological and physical victimization, injury, and the absence of negotiation. The study highlights the importance of recognizing that male refugees can be victims of IPV and emphasizes the need for supportive resources and assistance. Improving living conditions in refugee camps and providing employment opportunities are strongly recommended to address this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood victimization has been associated with long-term psychological effects and an increased risk of being victimized in later life. Previous research has primarily focused on sexual abuse during childhood, and a wide range of consequences have been identified. However, a significant gap remains in our understanding of the complex interaction between different forms of childhood abuse and violence in later life, particularly in the context of broader social stressors such as armed conflict and displacement. Methods: This study examines the association between exposure to different types of childhood maltreatment in the context of family and intimate partner violence (IPV) among displaced women living in refugee camps in northern Iraq. Structured interviews were conducted by trained female psychologists with 332 women aged between 20 and 62 years. Results: Results indicated that over one-third of the participating women reported experiencing at least one occurrence of IPV by their husbands within the past year. In addition, participants reported experiences of different types of maltreatment (physical, emotional, and sexual violence and physical and emotional neglect) perpetrated by family members in their childhood. While all forms of childhood maltreatment showed an association with IPV within the past year, only emotional childhood maltreatment was found to be a significant predictor of IPV in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The study highlights the ongoing impact of child maltreatment and its contribution to increased vulnerability to IPV victimization in later life. In addition, this study describes the specific cultural and contextual elements that contribute to IPV in refugee camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]