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In today's world, the improper use of smartphones has become a growing problem. Such usage might be problematic as people see it as an escape from threats to their basic psychological needs caused by ostracism. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ostracism and the risk of smartphone addiction. In addition, a moderated mediation model was explored to see whether nomophobia moderated the mediating role of resilience in the association between ostracism and the risk of smartphone addiction. The sample consisted of 320 young adults, ranging from 18 to 31 years. Data was gathered by using the Ostracism Experience Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, Nomophobia Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale. Results indicated a positive association between ostracism and the risk of smartphone addiction, and this association was mediated by resilience. While ostracism increases the risk of smartphone addiction, resilience emerges as a key ability in mitigating this undesired association. Furthermore, nomophobia moderated the mediating impact of resilience in the relationship between ostracism and the risk of smartphone addiction. Increased nomophobia put this mitigating influence of resilience in the shade. Resilience buffers the undesired relationship between social kiss of death (ostracism) and the risk of smartphone addiction in young individuals, but nomophobia frustrates this functional role of resilience. These findings were discussed in light of the relevant literature.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has shown its effectiveness in many areas of life. Education is at a critical point for the future of the country in these fields. A need occurred for student-centered teaching activities to make distance education more effective. “Informal Teaching Environments” activities are appropriate opportunities to meet this need also they affect students positively in numerous affairs. The use of "Virtual Informal Environments" (VIE) is important during the COVID-19 Pandemic process. The purpose of this research is to examine the teaching processes of teachers using VIEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic and to make general judgements in the context of teaching processes using VIEs according to their status of taking or not taking courses on teaching in informal environments. In the study, the "Descriptive Research Method" was used. The study group of the research consists of 93 teachers and it was determined by using the "Easy Access Sampling" method. Eight open-ended question forms were applied to the participants. The data were evaluated with the “Content Analysis Method”. In the research, it was resulted that the informal science education (ISE) course-taken teachers used VIEs more and more consciously than the participants who have not taken any course. By focusing on the achievements in the curriculum, teachers planned the use of VIEs and integrated these environments by adopting a student-centered approach into their lessons. In the evaluation studies after the teaching activities using VIEs, it was concluded that they tend to evaluate the achievements, not the learning process.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents is a rare entity. We reported three cases who developed lupus-like syndrome while receiving infliximab therapy for various reasons. All cases demonstrated clinical and laboratory findings of SLE. And all of them needed treatment. We would like to emphasize that the risk of anti-TNF-alpha-induced lupus should be kept in mind in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy for any reason.

Background : : Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or microwave ablation (MWA) is effective for colorectal cancer liver metastases. We aimed to investigate the impact of different variables on survival. Methods : : Sixty-four patients (142 lesions) who underwent thermoablation between January 2007 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) and liver progression-free survival (Li-PFS) were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariable and multivariable Cox-regression were done to identify prognostic factors. Results : : No significant difference was found between median OS (59.39 months) and Li-PFS (41.22 months) of patients who received MWA (n = 33); and median OS (61.00 months) and Li-PFS (53.43 months) of patients who received RFA (n = 31) (OS: P = 0.697; Li-PFS: P = 0.122). The median OS and Li-PFS were significantly decreased with lung metastases and K-ras mutations (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between prior systemic chemotherapy (n = 25) and both outcome parameters (OS: P = 0.613; Li-PFS: P = 0.665). No significant difference was observed in patients with lesions less than 30 mm diameter (n = 44) whether they received prior systemic chemotherapy (n = 17) or not (n = 27) (OS: P = 0.27; Li-PFS: P = 0.42). Similarly, in patients with a lesion of 3-5 cm diameter (n = 20; eight of them had prior chemotherapy), there was no correlation for both outcomes (OS: P = 0.069; Li-PFS: P = 0.71). The most important prognostic factor was concomitant lung metastases (hazard ratio = 3.689, P = 0.002). Conclusion : : Concomitant lung metastasis and mutant K-ras were associated with shorter survival. Survival did not differ significantly regarding thermoablation technique or prior systemic chemotherapy. However, in the patient group with lung metastases, curative treatments had better survival than patients who received chemotherapy only. Additional therapeutic options should be considered in patients with concomitant lung metastasis.

İslam’ın doğuşundan günümüze kadar müfessirler, Kur’ân’ın daha iyi anlaşılması için çaba sarf etmişlerdir. Bu gayretin nedeni İslâm’ın temel kaynağının Kur’ân olmasıdır. Bu faaliyetlerden biri de ‘ulûmü’l-Kur’ân konularıdır. ‘Ulûmü’l-Kur’ân, Kur’ân’ın anlaşılması çerçevesinde oluşan ilim dalları olarak kabul edilmektedir. Farklı fırkalara mensup olan her müfessir ‘ulûmü’l-Kur’ân’ı, kendi itikat, rivayet ve düşüncelerine göre yorumlama yöntemini benimsemiş ve bir sonuca varmaya çalışmıştır. Bu müfessirlerden biri de Şi’a ekolünde oldukça önemli bir payeye sahip olan Muhammed Hüseyin Tabâtabâî’dir. Şi‘a/İmâmiyye koluna mensup olan Tabâtabâî, çağdaş müfessirlerdendir. Dönemin İran bilimsel ve kültürel birikimiyle yetişmesi, filozof olarak kabul edilmesi ve tefsir metodundaki farklı yaklaşımları, kendisini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bundan dolayı ‘ulûmü’l-Kur’ân konularına nasıl yaklaştığını gün yüzüne çıkarmak önem arz etmektedir. Makalenin temel amacı; Tabâtabâî’nin tespit edilen bazı ‘ulûmü’l-Kur’ân konularını nasıl değerlendirdiğini açığa çıkarmak, mensup olduğu mezheple mutabık veya muhalif yaklaşım tarzını Kur’ân ilimlerine yansıtıp yansıtmadığını tespit etmektir.

18. Yüzyılda kontrabas, orkestradaki ritmik ve armonik yapıyı oluşturmakta temel olarak kullanılmıştır. Kontrabasın kalın sesi armoninin temel notalarını oluştururken ritmik unsurları da ifade etmekte başarılı olmuştur. Kontrabas boyutunun diğer enstrümanlara göre daha büyük olması enstrümandaki icra tekniklerini kısıtlamıştır. Enstrümanın icrasındaki zorluklar tarihte kontrabas adına kötü etkilere yol açmış olup enstrümanın popülerliği azalmıştır. Kontrabasın popülerliğini geri kazanması için icra tekniklerinin gelişmesi ve ondan beklenilen performansı sergilemesi gerekmektedir. Enstrümanın yapısının gelişimi ve tel teknolojilerindeki ilerlemeler icradaki gelişmelere önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Akort sistemindeki değişikler sonucunda kontrabas için en uygun akort sisteminin oluşması icra yönünde rahatlamaya yol açmıştır. Müzik okullarında kontrabas sınıflarının açılması ve enstrümanın eğitimi için metotların ortaya çıkması sonucunda usta kontrbasçılar yetiştirilmiştir. Enstrüman icrasında ustalaşan kontrbasçılar bestecilere ilham kaynağı olup enstrüman için daha fazla solo eser yazılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada kontrabas icrasındaki zorlukların nedenleri araştırılıp bu zorlukların aşılmasındaki etkenler incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda kontrabasın icrasındaki etkenlerin belirlenmesi için kaynak tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uluslararası yayınlar taranmış ve internet kaynaklarından yararlanılmıştır.

Dinin temel kaynaklarının Arapça olması, sınırların genişlemesine paralel olarak dilin Arap olmayanlara öğretilmesi ihtiyacı, dilde hataların (lahn) yaygınlaşması, resmî yazışmalarda Arapçanın hâkim dil olması ve bilim dili olarak kullanılması gibi sebeplerle Arapça, dinî ilimlerle birlikte öğretimi yaygın bir şekilde yapılan ilimler arasında yer almıştır. Dinî metinlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak, verilecek dersleri açık ve anlaşılır bir şekilde sunmak, nitelikli bir vaiz ve hatip olmak, delil getirmek ve düşünceyi temellendirmek, münazara ve cedelde başarılı olmak Arapçaya iyi derece hâkim olmayı gerektirmekteydi. Bu sebep ve ihtiyaçlar nahvin bir ilim dalı olarak teşekkülüne ve öğretimine zemin hazırlamış; öğretimi bâdiye (çöl), küttâb, ev, mescit, cami, kitapçı dükkânları, kütüphaneler, devlet daireleri ve medreseler gibi mekânlarda gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışma, Arapça öğretimini medreseler açısından ele almakta olup Nizâmiye ve Müstansıriyye Medreseleri merkeze alınarak genelde edebî ilimleri özelde ise nahiv öğretimini konu edinmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, Arap dilinin söz konusu medreselerde hem dinî ilimlere hazırlayıcı ve destekleyici hem de ayrı bir alan olarak tedris edildiğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışma; medreseler kurulmadan önce Arap dilinin hangi merkezlerde tedris edildiğini, medreseler kurulduktan sonra bunun ne şekilde devam ettiğini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Nizâmiye Medreseleri, Büyük Selçuklu veziri Nizâmülmülk (öl. 485/1092) tarafından 449-450/1057-1058 yıllarında ilki Nîşâbur’da olmak üzere Bağdat merkezli kurulan medreselerin genel adıdır. Müstansıriyye Medresesi ise Abbâsî Devleti (750-1258) halifelerinden Ebû Ca‘fer Mansûr Müstansır-Billâh (623-640/1212-1242) tarafından 625/1227-28 ile 631/1233-34 yılları arasında inşa edilmiştir. Sözü edilen medreselerde -özellikle Nizâmiye Medreselerinde- ağırlıklı olarak dinî ilimler (Şâfiî fıkhı, hadis, Kur’ân ve tefsir gibi) ve bunlar arasından özellikle fıkıh ilimleri (fürû‘, usûl, ferâiz, mezheb ve hilâf) tedris edilmiştir. Bu medreselerde müstakil nahiv kürsüsü veya nahve ayrılmış bir bölüm bulunmamakla beraber kendisine olan ihtiyaçtan dolayı nahivle ilgili derslerin verildiği kaynaklardan anlaşılmaktadır. Zira Bağdat Nizâmiye Medresesi’nin vakfiyesinde nahvin öğretimi için bir nahiv hocasının alınacağı açıkça belirtilmekte, üstelik burada görev yapan müderrisler arasında hatırı sayılır nahiv âlimi bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca medreselerde öğrenim gören talebelerin biyografilerinden hareketle de nahiv ilminin öğretildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırma tarihsel bir konuya odaklandığı için yazılı dokümanların incelenmesi tekniğiyle ele alınmıştır. Buna göre veriler öncelikle dönemle/medreselerle ilgili temel kaynaklardan hareketle elde edilmiş; bilhassa yorum, karşılaştırma, çıkarım ve iddiaların temellendirilmesinde güncel araştırmalardan da istifade edilmiştir.

Introduction: The cardiovascular risk has been increased in chronic kidney disease associated with chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Decoy receptor 3, is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of our study is to determine the relationship, between serum DcR3 levels and inflammatory markers in patients with renal transplantation, those receiving dialysis treatment and cases with chronic renal failure that did not receive replacement therapy, and to evaluate their correlation with USG findings. Material and methods: A total of 150 patients aged between 22–86 years, consisting of 4 groups, namely renal transplantation, dialysis, predialysis chronic kidney disease and control groups, were included in the study. Serum decoy receptor 3, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-8 measured with ELISA method. Carotid intima-media thickness and presence of carotis arter plaque performed by ultrasound probe, non-invasively. Results: All serum markers were higher in dialysis and pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease groups compared to renal transplant and control groups (p

This study investigated the effect of krill oil (KO) on liver damage caused by acetaminophen (APAP).

Background: Treatment using direct-acting antivirals provides high rates of sustained virologic response and a favorable safety profile for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. However, data on the efficacy of direct-acting antivirals in kidney transplant recipients are still limited. Aims: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fixed-dose sofosbuvir/ledipasvir combination in kidney transplant recipients. Study Design: Retrospective, observational, single-center study. Methods: Data of 29 kidney transplant recipients who received a fixed-dose safety and efficacy of fixed-dose sofosbuvir/ledipasvir combination for 12 or 24 weeks with or without ribavirin were analyzed. The primary outcome was SVR12, which was defined as undetectable HCV-RNA levels 12 weeks after the treatment. Secondary outcomes were graft function, proteinuria, and calcineurin inhibitor trough level variability. Results: The predominant hepatitis C virus genotype was 1b (n = 19, 65.6%). All patients achieved SVR12. No graft failures nor deaths were reported during the study period. Throughout and after the treatment, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase [21 (range: 18-29.5) to 16 (range: 14-20) U/l, p < 0.001] and alanine aminotransferase [22 (range: 15-34) to 14 (range: 12-17.5) U/l, p < 0.001] improved significantly, unlike bilirubin, hemoglobin, and platelet levels. Renal function remained stable. Dose adjustments for calcineurin inhibitors were required. Serious adverse events were not observed. Conclusion: Safety and efficacy of fixed-dose sofosbuvir/ledipasvir combination was effective and safe in kidney transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus. However, cautious monitoring of trough levels of calcineurin inhibitorss is needed due to potential drug-drug interactions during the treatment episode.

Background and Objectives: This study focused on the impact of mental fatigue induced by motor imagery on upper limb function, an area with limited research compared to lower limb performance. It aimed to explore how diaphragmatic breathing exercises influence these effects. Materials and Methods: This study included 30 participants, and Group 1 participated in 12 sessions of diaphragmatic breathing exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist; Group 2 did not receive any intervention. For all the participants, mental fatigue was induced with motor imagery before and after the intervention, and evaluations were performed before and after mental fatigue. Upper extremity functions were evaluated using isometric elbow flexion strength, hand grip strength, upper extremity reaction time and endurance, finger reaction time, the nine-hole peg test, shoulder position sense, light touch-pressure threshold, and two-point discrimination. Results: The study results showed that after mental fatigue, there was a decrease in isometric elbow flexion strength, nondominant hand grip strength, and nondominant upper extremity endurance, and an increase in nondominant tactile sensation (p < 0.05). No changes were found in two-point discrimination, nine-hole peg test time, and position sense on either side (p > 0.05). The effect of mental fatigue on isometric elbow flexion strength and nondominant grip strength showed significant improvement following diaphragmatic breathing exercises (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study found that mental fatigue from motor imagery can impact elbow flexion, hand grip strength, upper extremity endurance, and tactile sensitivity. Breathing exercises may help improve strength parameters affected by mental fatigue. It is crucial to consider these effects on upper extremity functions in rehabilitation programs.

Kodaly is a method used in many countries, particularly in Hungary. The method is based upon the introduction of singing and the applied aspect of music with children at early ages, by which they are ensured with a more qualified and permanent music education. This research focuses on possible actions to be taken in order to increase the quality of music education; as well as the opportunities offered by Kodaly method within this framework. With this in mind, the question "What are the challenges encountered in the application of Kodaly method?" is tried to be answered. The aim of this study is to point out the difficulties in the application of Kodaly Method, which is effectively applied in many countries, in Turkey and provide suggestions regarding its utilization. The study is based on descriptive methods and has been conducted by means of reviewing the relevant literature. Besides, opinions of an instructor using this method for five years have been consulted and several problems have been identified in line with these opinions. The research is considered significant in terms of identifying difficulties in the application of Kodaly Method in Turkey and suggesting solutions to them. It is also believed to shed light upon those who are willing to apply this method. In that sense, this study is believed to serve as a guideline in music education.

We call a Krasner right S-hypermodule A regular if each cyclic subhypermodule of A is a direct summand of A, and we also call A semiregular if every finitely generated subhypermodule of A lies above a direct summand of A. In this study, some properties of such hypermodules are achieved. This paper consists of concentrating over the radical, as well as their connections with (semi)regularity of hypermodules. Finally, the relationship between f-supplement submodule and semiregularity is given.

Introduction: Teledermatology represents an alternative medical approach allowing for the remote assessment of a patient's clinical information without the need for face-to-face consultations. Objective: This study aims to gauge the public's awareness and perception of teledermatology. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional observational design. Data collection was executed using an online survey. Sociodemographic attributes of all participants, such as age, gender, and occupation, were recorded. The survey, designed using Google Forms, comprised two sections: demographic information (5 questions) and queries related to teledermatology (10 questions). Questions and options in the survey were reviewed and revised by two dermatologists to eliminate potential misunderstandings, grammar, and other errors. Power analysis indicated a requirement of a minimum of 527 participants, given a 0.05 margin of error, 98% confidence level, and 0.50 response distribution. Results: A total of 873 individuals completed the survey— 47.7% were male and 52.3% were female. Students made up 48.1% of the participants, while 22.6% were civil servants. The Marmara Region had the highest participation rate at 47.7%. Remarkably, 41.9% of participants were unfamiliar with the term "teledermatology." However, 57.2% expressed a preference for consultations via teledermatology. Furthermore, 63.7% mentioned facing challenges when attempting to communicate with dermatologists for skin-related concerns. A notable 71.6% supported the formal implementation of teledermatology in our country. Conclusion: Our survey highlighted a limited awareness of teledermatology among participants, yet a majority showed a preference for teledermatology consultations. For a comprehensive understanding of public knowledge and perception towards teledermatology, more extensive, multicentric studies are necessary.