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Background and Objectives: Drawing on affective events theory, the present study investigates relationships between daily interpersonal conflicts and negative and positive affective reactions, and tested whether trait neuroticism moderates immediate (same day) and persisting (next-day) affective reactions. Design and Methods: A sample of 53 Norwegian naval cadets completed a diary questionnaire for 30 consecutive days (total N = 1590). Results: As predicted, the findings showed that cadets reported more negative affect (but not less positive affect) on days they were confronted with affective events that were of a conflicting nature. In addition, the proposed interaction effects between daily conflict and neuroticism were significant for both negative and positive affect. Specifically, the immediate and persistent effects of daily conflicts on negative affect were strongest for individuals high (vs. low) in neuroticism. Moreover, individuals high in neuroticism reported less positive affect on days with conflicts, whereas individuals low in neuroticism reported more positive affect the two days following interpersonal conflicts. Conclusions: The findings contribute to affective events theory with important knowledge about the role of trait neuroticism in dealing with interpersonal conflicts in a natural work setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pessimists about moral deference argue that there is something special about moral beliefs which make it impermissible for agents to defer on moral matters. In this paper, I argue that, even if pessimists are right that there is something special about moral beliefs, that is not enough to render moral deference impermissible. A stronger requirement—the rationality requirement—makes deferring to experts not only permissible but also rationally required. When one does not defer to one's perceived moral expert, one either violates Belief Consistency or violates Belief Closure. The moral considerations, such as moral understanding or virtue, for not deferring to experts either fail to show that not deferring is a better option than deferring or fail to show that those moral considerations outweigh rationality requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"On Poetry and Philosophy: Thinking Metaphorically with Wordsworth and Kant" by Brayton Polka is a book that examines the influence of Kant's philosophy on the Romantic poets, specifically Wordsworth and Coleridge. Polka suggests that while there is no direct evidence of Wordsworth reading Kant, his friendship with Coleridge likely exposed him to Kant's ideas. The book emphasizes the moral dimension of Kant's philosophy and the transformative power of the mind in Wordsworth's poetry. However, the article points out that Polka's focus on Kant's moral theory may overlook Coleridge's interpretation of Kant's epistemological revolution. Overall, the article highlights the contributions of both Wordsworth and Kant to our understanding of the human mind and its relationship to the world. [Extracted from the article]

This article argues that the anthropology of critique has been hampered by an implicit framing of critique as the content of knowledge rather than an orientation to knowledge about the world. It does so building on an ethnographic account of a group of critical citizens in post‐recession Dublin, Ireland. It stages a comparison between two different forms of critique of importance to them: art and activism. Contrary to the assumption that activism and detachment, and moral advocacy and empiricism, are at odds, this ethnographic comparison reveals that here the ultimate critical skill is thought to be the ability to take up different critical attitudes. Moreover, it isn't a lack of detachment but the creation of a 'critical community' that makes critique political. Drawing from this ethnographic instance of what counts as critique, this article thus makes a case for an anthropology of critique as itself a critical practice – one that is becoming increasingly urgent as critique as we know it has come to exhibit a hegemony of form in the social sciences and public cultures of debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies key insights from constitutive penology to advance the practice framework literature in correctional rehabilitation. First, I provide some brief commentary on the origins and subsequent development of constitutive thought in studies of governance, crime and justice. Second, I outline the central ontological convictions and epistemological commitments of constitutive penology. Third, I explain where and how the ontic and epistemic 'lessons' of constitutive penology contribute to the conversation about practice framework theory and therapeutic practice in correctional rehabilitation. These comments especially emphasize the importance of (a) rethinking the responsibility of theory in therapeutic practice; (b) reframing the method of study in the practice of therapy and (c) repurposing the practice guidelines for undertaking therapeutic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines, from an epistemic perspective, the ideal of democratic meritocracy that has been advocated by a group of scholars known as 'Confucian meritocrats' in East Asia for nearly two decades, but which has thus far only been treated by Western political theorists as a kind of wholesale epistocracy designed specifically for a non-Western cultural context. In particular, I focus on two aspects that help to institutionally distinguish democratic meritocracy from the kind of wholesale epistocracy most enthusiastically supported by epistocrats: the meritocratic selection process consisting of a set of non-electoral mechanisms and the combination of meritocratic institutions with democratic ones. I argue that each of them could be understood as having its distinct epistemic value which, taken together, may render some versions of democratic meritocracy epistemically superior to both epistocracy and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is the first primary solution to improve urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms, but many challenges stems from certain PFMT-related practices. Exploring PFMT experience will help to increase treatment satisfaction, enjoyment, and empowerment. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the experience of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in Italian people with UI. A qualitative semi-structured interview study was conducted. The interviews' transcriptions were analysed using a constructionist epistemology lens and adopting the "Reflexive Thematic Analysis". Sixteen Italian participants (Women N = 10, Men = 6) with UI who experienced PFMT were interviewed. Four themes were generated: (1) 'Learn to Control the Unconscious Consciously' as participants learned to control continence through active exercises; (2) 'Starting PFMT, Changing Mind' as they realised they can have an active role in managing their condition; (3) 'Into the unknown intimacy', as they bridged the gap in their (mis)understanding of the pelvic floor area, overcoming the discomfort linked to intimacy; (4) The Importance of Not Being Alone in this Process', as the participants emphasised the paramount role of the physiotherapists in the healing process. To conclude, in people with UI, PFMT enhanced pelvic floor knowledge and understanding, fostering awareness, positive mindset, and symptom relief. The physiotherapist's pivotal role as an educator and empathetic guide in exercise programs, along with a preference for active exercises. Overall, our results proved that PFMT has positive consequences in people's beliefs and mindset about and in the management of UI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-agent encirclement with collision avoidance constitutes a common challenge in the multi-agent confrontation domain, wherein the focus lies in the development of cooperative strategies among agents. Previous studies encountered difficulties in addressing the dynamic encirclement of faster prey in obstacles environment. This paper introduces a novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach based on prior knowledge. It is dedicated to exploring the multi-agent encirclement with collision avoidance task involving slower multiple pursuers collaboratively encircling faster prey in an obstacles environment. Firstly, the utilization of the classic Apollonius circle theory as prior knowledge guides agent action selection, narrows the exploratory action space, and accelerates the learning of strategies. Subsequently, the variance descriptor restricts the motion direction of pursuers, thus ensuring that pursuers continuously narrow the encirclement until the prey is successfully encircled. Finally, experiments in an obstacles environment were conducted to validate the proposed method. The results indicate that our method can acquire an effective encirclement strategy, with an encirclement success rate exceeding that of previous methods by more than 10%, and simulation experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern concept of 'family' in the United States recognizes many types of social groups as families, a conceptual shift which was largely helped along by advancements in assisted reproductive technologies enabling those formerly unable to biologically reproduce to have children, as well as by social movements aimed at garnering recognition for these emergent nonbiologically related social groups spearheaded by LGBTQ+ and adoption activists. That these social groups are now recognized as types of families is unquestionably an improvement to the concept, though there are still defects in the concept that preclude these nonnuclear families from achieving the same social–ontological status as nuclear families. Drawing from the nascent philosophical field of conceptual engineering, I analyze our current conception of 'family' and argue that it is tacitly exclusionary of nonnuclear families, which can be attributed to a combination of widespread genetic essentialism and linguistic practices that unduly cast the nuclear family as a more desirable type of family by emphasizing genetic relatedness as a valuable quality. I then offer proposals to ameliorate these defects, such as educational interventions to reduce genetic essentialism and the introduction of new terminology that does not connote one type of family as being superior to another. In doing so, my hope is to reveal and begin to resolve an overlooked defect in the concept of 'family' in order to bolster the movement to view all families as equal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has a rich Central Asia studies literature and in recent years, it has seen an expansion in the number of research institutions with a regional focus. We apply a Structural Topic Model, a quantitative method that estimates thematic prevalence through machine learning, to analyse publications on Central Asia in Chinese academic and specialist journals to show how the field has evolved over time. Aside from the methodological contribution we offer an original dataset of 10,563 publications scraped from China's CNKI database. We test our strategy on two assumptions in Western literature on Chinese academics' understanding of Central Asia: (1) China's research institutes are primarily concerned with economics and (2) China's thinking on strategic regions is lacking in local context, unique cultural concepts and insights. We argue that while China's scholarship on the region is often Sinocentric, some research shows diversity and nuance, with more analytical depth that has been traditionally understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers conducting politically sensitive studies in the authoritarian region of Central Asia face significant obstacles beyond government control over knowledge production. These challenges include suspicion of espionage, journalism or being an 'info-killer'. While some scholarly accounts address the difficulties of accessing government officials in Central Asia, reflections by local scholars on effective interviewing strategies remain scarce. This research note explores these challenges and presents practical strategies for fieldwork based on my PhD dissertation, which involved conducting 25 in-depth interviews with government officials across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan from 2019 to 2021. I propose three key strategies to enhance the effectiveness of interviews with officials: leveraging insider positionality, 'de-ceremonializing' the interview process and depoliticizing sensitive research topics. Critically, the strategies not only facilitated access to respondents but also ensured ethical integrity and meaningful data collection. This work generates valuable insights for scholars navigating similar environments in Central Asia and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors (re)visit Solorzano and Delgado Bernal's (2001) Urban Education article, "Examining Transformational Resistance Through a Critical Race and LatCrit Theory Framework: Chicana and Chicano Students in an Urban Context," to discuss transformational resistance in conversation with other works on youth resistance to (re)visit and (re)imagine student oppositional behaviors. Next, empirical examples offer theoretical and pedagogical contributions (ruptures) for nurturing all forms of resistance towards transformation. By disrupting punitive interpretations and responses that are imbued with racist and oppressive ideologies, we honor the potential for transformational resistance embedded in the "unrespectable" oppositional behaviors of Students of Color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to fill an epistemological gap in our theorizing about love with a sketch of an epistemology of love that unfolds by addressing Whitney Houston's famous epistemological questions pertaining to how we can know whether another loves us. After arguing for three possible sources of the knowledge of love, it offers initial answers to how the knowledge of the presence or absence of another's love can be acquired from the relevant possible sources previously established. These initial answers, though, are unsatisfying because they invite more difficult questions that are then addressed, such as those pertaining to the kinds of things that constitute love's expressions along with how to detect these expressions given the possibility of false‐positives. Addressing these questions ultimately leads to a sharpened, Aristotle‐inspired account of how to acquire the knowledge of the presence or absence of another's love by inferring it, respectively, from the successful or failed detection of love's expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a reflexive and embodied approach, this article examines the researcher's narrative inquiry, consisting of the conflicting feelings and messy thoughts that arose through her interviews with adults who had experienced child sexual abuse. The article highlights how embodied writing can enable access to other worlds by activating the physical senses and bringing researchers back to core bodily ways of knowing; these latter may be evoked by preconceptions, entangled discourses and social views and taboos concerning child sexual abuse. The article speaks to the emerging field of Embodied Critical Thinking and the concept of emotional reflexivity in qualitative research on sensitive, challenging and difficult topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dinbilimleri Journal is the property of Dinbilimleri Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Affairs is the property of Journal of Social Affairs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What might a contemporary philosophical practice after and following Foucault look like? After briefly analyzing Foucault's rather ambiguous stance towards academic philosophy in his posthumously published Le discours philosophique, we argue for continuing his historicophilosophical practice of diagnosing the present. This means taking up his analytic heuristic (with its three dimensions of power, knowledge and subjectivity) rather than his more concrete diagnostic concepts and the specific historical results they yield. We argue that the common methodological operation on each of the three axis is to shift the perspective from the given legitimacies, norms, identities and selves to their historical, conflict-ridden emergence. Practicing philosophy in this way allows developing Foucauldian contributions in two contemporary philosophical debates: critical ontology and political epistemology. While ontology and epistemology might seem surprising fields to work in for philosophers inspired by and critically loyal to Foucault, we attempt to dispel these reservations and illustrate the stakes in both debates, pointing to the urgent issues of ecological questions and of the problematization of untruths in politics respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In educational reform initiatives worldwide and in Singapore, educators are increasingly encouraged to take ownership of their work through involvement in practitioner inquiry and evaluation efforts to transform teaching and learning. Educators' epistemological beliefs – their view of knowledge and knowing – play a critical role as they learn to become critical, reflective actors in the knowledge construction endeavour. This mixed-methods study investigates whether and how educators' epistemological beliefs influence their understanding of programme evaluation as viewed through participants' journey of learning to design a real-world evaluation study in the context of Masters-level coursework. Findings suggest that participants' epistemological scale scores are associated with their learning outcomes as manifested in the quality of their evaluation plan. Specifically, participants with higher or lower scores show important differences in their view of evaluation and what a good evaluation requires, their relationship with knowledge about programme evaluation, the nature of challenges encountered in designing their evaluation plans, and how they navigate their challenges. Findings have implications for purposes and approaches of teacher professional learning and offer insights into the re-design of learning opportunities to transform educators' epistemological beliefs in general and in relation to discipline-specific learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific study, which brings completely new results, is characteristically divided into chapters where the authors deal with the extrusion mechanism, filament production, 3D printing of samples, and mechanical testing of samples. This research deals with a current topic in the field of production and testing of filaments composed of biodegradable polymers based on custom made PLA/PHB material. The authors of this study managed to produce and test a new type of biomaterial in the form of a filament called PLA BIOPOLYMER 20. The individual components forming this new type of material are described in the detailed statistics of this scientific article. After optimizing the parameters during single-screw extrusion on a filament maker, where the extrusion temperatures were set to 180° and the subsequent additive manufacturing of samples using FFF technology was started, where "dogbone type 5A" samples were printed. The authors managed to optimize the parameters of additive manufacturing and achieve significant results, which are also represented by individual printed samples, intended for subsequent mechanical testing, specifically for tensile testing. Important testing of materials for mechanical tensile tests was carried out according to generally applicable standards STN EN ISO 527-2, on the Inspekt table 5kN device. By mechanical testing, the individual stresses of the samples were determined. The average stress was 5.28 MPa. The authors compared the values obtained with samples printed from the new type of PLA BIOPOLYMER 20 material with the tension obtained with samples printed from pure PLA filament without admixture of other components. These tests are intended to determine the future application of the given material. This article brings new knowledge in the given field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anscombe seems to think that, even though "the knowledge that a man has of his intentional actions" is not "knowledge by observation", it can be aided by observation. My aim in this essay is to explain how I think we should understand this thought. I suggest that, in a central class of cases, knowledge of one's intentional action is knowledge whose canonical linguistic expression is an utterance of the form "I am doing something to that G": knowledge in which the subject, at once, knows himself "as self" (and so, not by observation), and knows an outer object "as other" (and so, by observation). To characterise this knowledge either as knowledge by observation, or as knowledge not by observation, is to characterise it in a manner that abstracts away from its fundamental unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces a conversation between the authors about their long-standing (Urban) and more recent (Gómez Muñoz, Zárate Pinto) engagement in and with RECE. The conversation revolves around the role and potential of reconceptualist thought in contexts of early childhood realities in the Global South, most prominently in Latin America, where two of the authors are based, while one has extensive work connections to the region. Given RECE's roots in US-American and English language worlds, what other approaches exist in Latin America contexts and beyond that enable us to challenge the dominant narratives of early childhood education, its narrow disciplinary base, its policies and practices? Drawing on work with marginalised communities, the conversation turns to necessities of advocacy and transdisciplinarity, and to possibilities of epistemic and new activist alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'History of Astronomy' is fundamental to understanding Smith's epistemology. The most problematic issue of this text is that Smith intended to analyse the history of astronomy according not to the principles of 'truth' that they embodied, but in terms of their logical coherence. However, he was also influenced by Newton's realism. My thesis is that Smith had no doubts that external reality exists, but believed that it is necessarily filtered by our perceptions and our scientific beliefs. Perceptions and theories do not reflect objective reality as such but reconstruct it according to the procedures and constraints that characterise them. Two generally neglected Smithian sources, Copernicus and Berkeley and 'Of the External Senses' seem to legitimize this interpretation. At first sight, Fontenelle used the same arguments of Berkeley and Smith, but the difference is that Fontenelle was convinced that astronomical science is characterised by progress toward truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phonetic data are used in several ways outside of the core field of phonetics. This paper offers the perspective of one such field, sociophonetics, towards another, the study of acoustic cues to clinical depression. While sociophonetics is interested in how, when, and why phonetic variables cue information about the world, the study of acoustic cues to depression is focused on how phonetic variables can be used by medical professionals as tools to diagnosis. The latter is only interested in identifying phonetic cues to depression, while the former is interested in how phonetic variation cues anything at all. While the two fields fundamentally differ with respect to ontology, epistemology, and methodology, I argue that there are, nonetheless, possible avenues for future engagement, collaboration, and investigation. Ultimately, both fields need to engage with Crip Linguistics for any successful intervention on the relationship between speech and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Did migrants make Paris a mecca for the arts and Vienna a beacon of classical music? Or was their rise a pure consequence of local actors? We use data on more than 22,000 historical individuals born between the years 1000 and 2000 to estimate the contribution of famous immigrants, emigrants and locals to the knowledge specialisations of European regions. We find that the probability that a region develops or keeps specialisation in an activity (based on the birth of famous physicists, painters, etc.) grows with both the presence of immigrants with knowledge about that activity and immigrants with knowledge in related activities. In contrast, we do not find robust evidence that the presence of locals with related knowledge explains entries and/or exits. We address some endogeneity concerns using fixed-effects models considering any location–period–activity-specific factors (e.g., the presence of a new university attracting scientists). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Using photographs of conspicuous landmarks in mobile maps can enhance the spatial information presented to pedestrians when wayfinding. When wayfinding with mobile maps, the acquisition of spatial knowledge can be limited by relying on automated route instructions and the small map on the screen. Repeating a route without support from navigation aids may be challenging as the user has been focused on their mobile phone and not the surroundings. According to theories of spatial knowledge acquisition, landmarks are environmental elements important in the development of such knowledge. This study examines how different navigation aids impact spatial knowledge, with a particular focus on landmarks. Participants navigated a route using one of three aids: a booklet of sequential landmarks, a booklet of Google Maps screenshots, or a paper map. The landmarks were selected based on their conspicuity and strategic placement along the route. Thirty participants completed tasks assessing their spatial knowledge of the route and surrounding area after walking it. This study, divided into three phases, compared the effectiveness of each navigation aid, highlighting the effectiveness of landmarks in wayfinding. Results indicate that landmarks significantly enhance wayfinding, especially for pedestrians navigating short, pre-set routes without a map. This suggests that incorporating landmarks into mobile maps could improve on-screen spatial information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The authors study how cloud adoption decision making unfolds in organizations and present the dynamic process leading to a decision to adopt or reject cloud computing. The authors thus complement earlier literature on factors that influence cloud adoption. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopt an interpretive epistemology to understand the process of cloud adoption decision making. Following an empirical investigation drawing on interviews with senior managers who led the cloud adoption decision making in organizations from across Europe. The authors outline a framework that shows how cloud adoptions follow multiple cycles in three broad phases. Findings: The study findings demonstrate that cloud adoption decision making is a recursive process of learning about cloud through three broad phases: building perception about cloud possibilities, contextualizing cloud possibilities in terms of current computing resources and exposing the cloud proposition to others involved in making the decision. Building on these findings, the authors construct a framework of this process which can inform practitioners in making decisions on cloud adoption. Originality/value: This work contributes to authors understanding of how cloud adoption decisions unfold and provides a framework for cloud adoption decisions that has theoretical and practical value. The study further demonstrates the role of the decision-leader, typically the CIO, in this process and identifies how other internal and external stakeholders are involved. It sheds light on the relevance of the phases of the cloud adoption decision-making process to different cloud adoption factors identified in the extant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism in TESOL and other academic fields is nothing new, nor are discussions on the topic. However, a majority of the racist encounters discussed in existing literature report on the negative experiences of language teachers and/or students. An area that has historically been ignored and is long due exploration is the negative experiences of nonnative English‐speaking leaders (NNESLs), especially when they lead and/or interact with colleagues among whom ideologies of Whiteness and native English speakerism are dominant. With an aim to fill this gap, this article provides a narrative inquiry of an NNESL's experiences of facing epistemological and institutional racism as she leads a division within an International Branch Campus (IBC) of a U.S. university in an English as an international language (EIL) context in the Middle East. As the NNESL attempts to introduce necessary innovations and policy changes, her capacity as a change maker is questioned, partly due to her nationality, nonnativeness, race, and gender. This article is an attempt to uncover the racial discrimination experienced by NNESLs by providing examples of epistemological and institutional racism embedded in racist discourses and practices, and how it, directly or indirectly, plays a significant role in power relations, institutional structures, and identities, and has implications for the field of TESOL leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on care-experienced people has been the subject of research, but important gaps remain in our understanding of how care-experienced people felt their mental health and well-being were affected by the pandemic. Care-experienced adults from across the UK were invited to complete a survey and submit a diary during the first lockdown. Responses were received from 140 people, aged eighteen to sixty-nine years. Most respondents reported that their mental health deteriorated due to the pandemic and lockdown. However, a substantial minority thought that either there had been no change or the lockdown had helped them make positive improvements. Improvements were attributed to stable housing and employment, support from services and transferable skills they had learnt in care. A minority of respondents referred to their care status in their diaries. Most diarists presented their experiences as being common to other, non-care-experienced, people. This article showcases the resilience of many care-experienced people, including some who made explicit reference to the benefits of coping strategies developed while in care. The findings of this study reveal that when provided with the right support, the care system can assist people to develop important life skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bruno Latour's concept of translation provides ways to both extend the 'material turn' in translation studies and conceptualise translation as process. This concept cannot be understood apart from Latour's critique of Modern epistemology which requires an alternative conception of temporality and, in the context of the Anthropocene, provides a means to imagine futures and pasts beyond the tropes of growth vs contraction or progress vs regression. In this article, Latour's concept of translation is read through Anna Tsing's anthropological account of the matsutake mushroom trade, engaging this thick descriptive case-study to further develop translation as times of indeterminate encounters. This approach provides a means to conceptualise translation in terms of material agency, from which notions of translation-as-meaning, and linguistic translation can be more credibly theorised, contributing both within and beyond translation studies to discussions on new materialist philosophy and its implications, arguing for the importance of translational thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the phenomenology and epistemology of chatbots such as ChatGPT and Bard. The computational architecture underpinning these chatbots are large language models (LLMs), which are generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems trained on a massive dataset of text extracted from the Web. We conceptualise these LLMs as multifunctional computational cognitive artifacts, used for various cognitive tasks such as translating, summarizing, answering questions, information-seeking, and much more. Phenomenologically, LLMs can be experienced as a "quasi-other"; when that happens, users anthropomorphise them. For most users, current LLMs are black boxes, i.e., for the most part, they lack data transparency and algorithmic transparency. They can, however, be phenomenologically and informationally transparent, in which case there is an interactional flow. Anthropomorphising and interactional flow can, in some users, create an attitude of (unwarranted) trust towards the output LLMs generate. We conclude this paper by drawing on the epistemology of trust and testimony to examine the epistemic implications of these dimensions. Whilst LLMs generally generate accurate responses, we observe two epistemic pitfalls. Ideally, users should be able to match the level of trust that they place in LLMs to the degree that LLMs are trustworthy. However, both their data and algorithmic opacity and their phenomenological and informational transparency can make it difficult for users to calibrate their trust correctly. The effects of these limitations are twofold: users may adopt unwarranted attitudes of trust towards the outputs of LLMs (which is particularly problematic when LLMs hallucinate), and the trustworthiness of LLMs may be undermined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yegah Musicology Journal / Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi is the property of International Yegah Music Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We develop a new theory of knowledge with mathematics and a broad-based series of case studies to seek a better understanding of what constitutes knowledge in the field and its value for autonomous human–machine teams facing uncertainty in the open. Like humans, as teammates, artificial intelligence (AI) machines must be able to determine what constitutes the usable knowledge that contributes to a team's success when facing uncertainty in the field (e.g., testing "knowledge" in the field with debate; identifying new knowledge; using knowledge to innovate), its failure (e.g., troubleshooting; identifying weaknesses; discovering vulnerabilities; exploitation using deception), and feeding the results back to users and society. It matters not whether a debate is public, private, or unexpressed by an individual human or machine agent acting alone; regardless, in this exploration, we speculate that only a transparent process advances the science of autonomous human–machine teams, assists in interpretable machine learning, and allows a free people and their machines to co-evolve. The complexity of the team is taken into consideration in our search for knowledge, which can also be used as an information metric. We conclude that the structure of "knowledge", once found, is resistant to alternatives (i.e., it is ordered); that its functional utility is generalizable; and that its useful applications are multifaceted (akin to maximum entropy production). Our novel finding is the existence of Shannon holes that are gaps in knowledge, a surprising "discovery" to only find Shannon there first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE) posits that knowledge created but under-exploited in incumbent firms endogenously generates entrepreneurial opportunities for employee venturing behaviours (EVBs), which occur when employees quit to start new businesses. Thus, at the national level the gap between knowledge creation and knowledge exploitation by all incumbent firms shapes the volume of knowledge employees can use to venture out. In addition, national entrepreneurial values, which include overall innovative, proactive, and risk-taking values in particular countries, may explain variations in entrepreneurial activities across countries. By analysing a multi-source dataset collected from 52 countries for a sample period that runs from 2011 through 2017, this study reveals that at the national level knowledge creation positively influences knowledge exploitation but with a diminishing marginal effect, while the latter negatively affects EVBs. Additionally, we find a U-shaped relationship between knowledge creation and EVBs on a national scale, and this U-shaped relationship is strengthened by national entrepreneurial values. This article is among the first to study EVBs at the national level and enriches the KSTE literature by specifying the differential roles of knowledge creation and knowledge exploitation and highlighting national entrepreneurial values as an important moderator in the national-level KSTE framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing cultural diversity's impact on regional entrepreneurial activity has become crucial for scholars and policymakers. As a step in this direction, this study integrates insights from creative cognitive psychology and the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship to examine this effect and the boundary conditions explaining it. Based on a six-year multisourced panel dataset for the 50 U.S. states, the analyses support the proposed arguments in that they indicate that cultural diversity is positively associated with entrepreneurial activity, and this relationship is moderated by regional immigration policy and regulatory framework. Specifically, the effect of cultural diversity on entrepreneurship is more substantial when a region's immigration policy climate is more inclusionary than exclusionary. In addition, this relationship is also more robust when a region's regulatory policy is more conscientious than more lax. These findings make novel contributions to our knowledge of how and when contextual conditions regulate (i.e. stimulate or hinder) the effect of cultural diversity on entrepreneurship. The manuscript draws vital implications for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study raises the question whether it is possible, in Xunzi's 荀子 view, for someone who has gone through moral transformation to backslide. I consider three possible interpretations. On the first interpretation, one's dispositions are transformed by environmental forces. Backsliding is possible and likely. I rule out this interpretation because it is inconsistent with other aspects of Xunzi's thought. On the second interpretation, one's kind-determining constitution is transformed from a neutral constitution to a moral constitution. Backsliding is not possible because one has acquired a moral constitution that is insusceptible to bad environmental influences. On the third interpretation, to be transformed is to have accumulated significantly more moral knowledge than ordinary untransformed people. Backsliding is possible but unlikely. I will then explain why it is difficult to adjudicate between the second and third interpretations and suggest further issues in Xunzi's thought that need to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monasteries were famous for their extensive libraries and richly decorated churches. Less well known are their observatories and their mathematical‐physical collections with telescopes, air pumps, and friction machines. But how did the way of life in the monastery and scientific practices influence each other? This paper examines the interaction of scientific practices and religious way of life using the example of southern German monasteries in the second half of the eighteenth century. It shows how the monks pragmatically linked monastic life and research practice, thereby forming their own specific scientific culture. This closes an important gap in the understanding of scholarship in the eighteenth century by foregrounding the monasteries as places of knowledge production, which have so far received little attention alongside universities and academies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study loosely follows on the brilliant condensed interpretations of Jan Kořenský on the status of speech (in the sense of parole) and its assumptions (in the sense of langue) from the position of subject-object noetics. The author focuses on the question of what real language is. He is concerned with whether langue is only a social reality (exists only in social interactions) or also a cognitive reality (exists in some way in the cognition of the communicators). In his interpretation of langue, it appears as a rational language system, against which he sets a practical language system with the question of what reality these systems represent. He is reluctant to accept the view that langue is somehow present in a practical linguistic system. He takes the position that while a rational language system is only a reality constructed by the mind (a construct), a practical language system is a reality that arose from the gradual coordination of communicative activities of social subjects, which introduced flexible and stable practical rules without having to create a system in the sense of langue, functioning as a presuppositional basis of speech. He illuminates these systems from the point of view of the basic question of the theory of knowledge connected with the understanding of truth, and he points out their practical usefulness. He starts from the thesis that man is a construction-reconstruction being, and aims to support the rehabilitation of correspondence truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, research on person–environment (P-E) fit has been a prevalent topic, emphasizing alignment between employees and the work environment and the accompanying positive consequences that flow from good fit. However, given the frequency of change and volatility experienced in organizations, it is far more likely that individuals, work groups, and organizations will sporadically experience misfit with various aspects of the environment. This recognition has led to steady growth in misfit research, but this literature lacks conceptual clarity, provides differing views on the interplay between fit and misfit, and as a result, insights on the consequences of misfit are fragmented. To address these shortcomings, we conducted a systematic review of the misfit literature and analyzed 106 scholarly articles published between 1981 and 2021. Our review offers three key contributions. First, we identify four distinct conceptualizations of misfit from the literature and then offer an integrative definition of misfit. Second, we provide a multi-level synthesis of the antecedents and outcomes of misfit that highlights the need for more cross-level and multi-level research. Third, we lay out a rich and detailed agenda of future research to further enhance our knowledge of misfit as a concept distinct from its P-E fit roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Jean Lassègue's book on the philosophy of Ernst Cassirer, with a particular focus on Cassirer's shift towards a semiotic perspective. Lassègue's unique conceptual framework offers a fresh interpretation of Cassirer's works, especially regarding the issue of semiotic mediation. The article also delves into Cassirer's early epistemological doctrine and his views on the development of modern science, emphasizing the significance of signs and symbols in knowledge. Lassègue's book further explores semiotics, examining the various modes of objectification and the distinction between signification and sense. It argues that philosophy is the awareness of symbolic forms and their processes of meaning production, distinguishing it from positive knowledge, which pertains to science. The text also explores the operators of semiosis, such as expression, evocation, and objectification, and their role in symbolic forms. Overall, this text offers a detailed analysis of Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic forms and its implications. [Extracted from the article]

Building on pragmatism, we advance an entrepreneur-as-scientist perspective and depict entrepreneurs as engaging in causally inferential action by forming beliefs, testing these beliefs, and responding to the feedback received. However, this sequence of entrepreneurial actions arrives with a set of companion doubts: namely, doubt about product–market fit, because the entrepreneurs' beliefs are self-chosen; doubt about feedback validity from false positives or false negatives; and doubt about over- and under-fitting in responses to feedback. We discuss the rationality of heuristics deployed by the entrepreneur to overcome these doubts. Our insights contribute to the microfoundations of entrepreneurial action and strategy by explaining how entrepreneurs generate the information to produce value out of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on theories on vocabulary knowledge, grammar knowledge, and reading comprehension subcomponents, ten attributes/subskills were defined for 50 items from relevant subtests of TEM4 (Band Four of Test for English Majors in China). Cognitive diagnosis was conducted on the TEM4 data of the randomly sampled 2285 examinees (roughly at the B2 level) through the saturated generalized deterministic inputs, noisy "and" gate (G-DINA) model. The person parameters obtained from cognitive diagnosis served as the basis for simple multiple regression and path analyses for detecting relationship patterns. The study discovered that the relationship pattern at both construct and attribute/subskill levels can be better described as a mediation pattern in which vocabulary knowledge and its attributes are more suitable to serve as the starting point for reading comprehension. The study also discussed the patterns of the impact of vocabulary and grammar attributes on reading subskills as well as the internal subskill relationships within the construct of reading comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tutelage of our mentors as scientists included the analogy that writing a good scientific paper was an exercise in storytelling that omitted unessential details that did not move the story forward or that detracted from the overall message. However, the advice to not get lost in the details had an important flaw. In science, it is the many details of the data themselves and the methods used to generate and analyze them that give conclusions their probative meaning. Facts may sometimes slow or distract from the clarity, tidiness, intrigue, or flow of the narrative, but nevertheless they are important for the assessment of what was done, the trustworthiness of the science, and the meaning of the findings. Nevertheless, many critical elements and facts about research studies may be omitted from the narrative and become hidden from scholarly scrutiny. We describe a "baker's dozen" shortfalls in which such elements that are pertinent to evaluating the validity of scientific studies are sometimes hidden in reports of the work. Such shortfalls may be intentional or unintentional or lie somewhere in between. Additionally, shortfalls may occur at the level of the individual or an institution or of the entire system itself. We conclude by proposing countermeasures to these shortfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intelligent tutoring system is a computer-based educational tool designed to provide adaptive learning environment to learners, mimicking the role of a human tutor. Its most typical areas of application are language learning, mathematics education, programming courses and medical training. Intelligent Tutoring Systems are based on the knowledge-module that is holding the system's knowledge in a well-structured format. Considering the current state of the art knowledge-module representations, a model that can represent evolving information is lacking. Representing evolving information is needed for those tutoring systems that are working with dynamically changing domains, e.g., software science. In this paper a new combined model is presented that is based on the ontology model and the fundamentals of knowledge space theory. The proposed model introduces the term of abstract time to be able to formulate an evolving knowledge graph. This paper introduces the term of evoking-hooks that makes it possible to realize connections between external domain elements and the nodes of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the formulation of the moral requirement against hypocrisy, paying particular attention to the logical scope of 'requires' in that formulation. The paper argues (i) that we should prefer a wide-scope formulation to a narrow-scope formulation, and (ii) this result has some advantages for our normative theorizing about hypocrisy—in particular, it allows us to resist several of Daniela Dover's (2019) recent arguments against the anti-hypocrisy requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]