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In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the interaction of phosphate-bearing solutions with cerussite, PbCO3, (010) surfaces. During the dissolution of cerussite we observed simultaneous growth of needle-shaped or spherical pyromorphite phases. This occurred at two different pH values and ionic strengths relevant to soil solution conditions. The initial dissolution processes occurring at the cerussite solid-phosphate solution interface were clearly distinguished, and heterogeneous nucleation and growth rates of pyromorphites at phosphate concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 10 mM were quantitatively defined. Enhanced cerussite dissolution in the presence of high salt (NaCl or NaF) concentrations leads to an increase in pyromorphite nucleation and growth rates. The newly formed pyromorphites were found to be stable upon contact with water or citrate-bearing solutions under acidic or alkaline conditions in the pH range 4-8. These in situ observations may improve the mechanistic understanding of processes resulting in lead immobilization in diverse soil system as ell as to enhance the effectiveness of phosphate-based treatments for remediation of lead-polluted soils [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural practices, such as applying excessive water and nitrogen fertilizer to increase the crop yield, can be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Therefore, techniques and proper management are needed to mitigate these emissions without yield reduction. The experiment used three subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) depths with emitters buried at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 m below the soil surface, along with two nitrogen fertilizer (Urea, N > 46.2%) application levels of 300 kg N ha−1 (N300) and 240 kg N ha−1 (N240) to investigate the effect of vertical and horizontal water and fertilizer distribution on N2O emissions under different SDI techniques in greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that soil N2O emissions from SDI10 and SDI15 decreased by 7.06% and 10.69%, respectively, compared to SDI5. N2O, WFPS, NH4+-N, and NO3−-N were significantly reduced with the increased radial distance from the emitter. N2O was positively correlated to WFPS and NH4+-N while negatively correlated to NO3−-N. The NH4+-N and NO3−-N concentrations decreased with depth and increased with fertilization events. Furthermore, N2O, WFPS, NH4+-N, and NO3−-N were increased under N300 compared to N240 (p > 0.05). The findings demonstrated that the Chinese cabbage yield was significantly enhanced under SDI15 compared to SDI5 and SDI10. Furthermore, N300 can increase the cabbage yield more than N240 among all treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembled structures of 3,4,5-tris-dodecyloxy benzoic acid methyl ester (E12), 3,4,5-tris-tetradecyloxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (E14) and their mixture (E12/E14) have been studied on HOPG by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Dimer-like patterns induced by dipole-dipole interaction are observed in E12 and E14 monolayers. The molecules form close-packed rows and interdigitate with the alkyl chains in adjacent molecules. The structural differences are proposed to be from the different length of substituted alkyl chains. Owing to similar adsorption energy, phase separation is observed in the E12 and E14 mixed adlayer with different domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-defined and controllable one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of fullerene derivative have been prepared by an electrophoretic template synthesis method. The clusters of fullerene derivative formed in mixed solvents are introduced into the channels of porous alumina templates through a dc electric field. Four types of 1D nanostructures (solid nanowires, solid-wall nanotubes, porous nanowires and porous-wall nanotubes) have been obtained by changing the deposition parameters. This approach opens a new avenue to assemble fullerene derivatives, endohedral fullerenes, as well as other functional organic compounds, which can form clusters in 1D nanostructure arrays for applications in chemical sensors, light energy conversion devices and nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry were employed to investigate the adsorption structures of three semi-crown ligands on an Au(111) surface under the potential control. It is found that all the molecules formed ordered arrays in 0.1 mol/L HClO4 solution, although their geometric structures are complex and asymmetric. The driving force was supposed to come from the balance between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. High resolution STM images revealed internal molecular structures, orientations and packing arrangements in the ordered adlayers. The results are useful for preparing ordered arrays of transition metal-mediated nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 12-tungstosilicic acid (SiW) as the catalyst, rhodamine B (RhB) dye in an aerated aqueous solution can undergo an effective photocatalytic stepwise N-deethylation process under visible light irradiation, and dioxygen is reduced to hydrogen peroxide by the reduced (SiW). This provides the potential for moving polyoxometalate-based photocatalytic processes from the near-UV into the visible region of the spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an investigation of the self-assembled structures of 4,4'-dionoyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and its co-adsorption with stearic acid on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Use of the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in the study; Findings that as a result of 4,4'-dionyl-2,2'-dipyridyl forms a planar trans conformation in two cases; References to the process of co-adsorption with stearic acid.

Investigates the adsorption and assembling of bacterio-chlorophyll c (BChLc) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphic (HOPG) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. Finding that BChLc molecules self-organize a well-defined adlayer on HOPG surface with a monomeric structure different from the dimer association seen on adlayers of Chis a, c and BChlide c, d; Structural model proposed for the adlayer.

Investigates the adsorption of 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-I-naphthol, an azobenzene derivative, on Au(111) in aqueous solution using the cyclic voltammetry and scanning tunneling microscopy. Structure of the molecule; Cyclic voltammograms; Redox reactions occurring on the electrode.

Studies the two-dimensional (2D) self-assembling of 4,5-didodecylthiolphthalonitrile (DCP) on graphite surface. Use of the scanning tunneling microscopy to characterized the assembling structure of molecule on the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG); High-resolution images of molecules; Mismatch of the DCP molecules with the substrate lattice.

Presents experimental observations of dramatic variations in scanning tunneling microscopy images of a copper (II) complex, physisorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite as the bias voltage is changed. Image patterns obtained for the changes of the internal contrast of the molecule; Visibility of the submolecular features of the molecular cores and the interdigitated alkyl parts.

Studies the adsorption and aggregation of beta-amyloid(1-42)(Abeta42) on the hydrophobic graphite surface. Application of the scanning tunneling microscopy and the atomic force microscopy; Evidence that Abeta42 were preferentially adsorbed on graphite defects such as the edges.

Digital technologies, such as big data, the Internet, and artificial intelligence, are rapidly advancing. Photovoltaic building materials enterprises (PBMEs) have been leveraging digital transformation to enhance their technological innovation capabilities and gain a competitive edge. In the global context of transitioning towards a low-carbon economy, the deep integration of digital technology offers a new solution for the green transformation of PBMEs. The synergy between green traction digitalization and digitalization enables green practices, making collaborative integration crucial for the far-reaching development of PBMEs. Within the framework of China's "double carbon" policy, domestic PBMEs are experiencing exponential growth, where digital green innovation (DGI) has become their primary objective. In this DGI context, selecting the right partners is the first step that significantly impacts the efficiency and effectiveness of DGI implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assist PBMEs in selecting high-quality partners, promoting the DGI process, enhancing technological innovation capabilities, and gaining a competitive advantage. To achieve this, the paper proposes constructing a theoretical framework for evaluating the DGI cooperation ability of PBMEs using the theory of ecological reciprocity. Based on this framework, an evaluation index system is established to assess the DGI cooperation ability of potential partners The interval intuitionistic fuzzy evaluation method, combined with a double combination weighting approach, is employed to evaluate the DGI ability of selected partners. Furthermore, by applying field theory, a dynamic selection model for strategic alliance partners is developed to aid PBMEs in selecting high-quality partners for DGI and facilitating the DGI process. The research findings indicate that: i) The evaluation standard framework for DGI cooperation ability of PBMEs encompasses "symbiosis," "mutualism," and "regeneration," along with the crucial environmental element of mutual trust. ii) The evaluation method based on double combination weighting effectively assesses the comprehensive DGI capabilities of selected PBME partners. The application of field theory enables scientific and effective dynamic partner selection for PBMEs through resource complementarity. iii) The proposed framework and partner selection model can be employed in real partner selection scenarios for PBMEs, allowing them to choose high-quality partners, enhance their DGI capabilities, and attain practical selection outcomes. This paper presents novel partner selection model that integrates decision rules and resource complementarity, enabling PBMEs to efficiently select DGI partners from a pool of potential candidates and improve their innovation efficiency. The utilization of the double combination weighting method and field theory in the partner selection paradigm of D extends the theoretical foundation, while the establishment of the DGI capability evaluation index system for PBME partners contributes to empirical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is an antiviral factor that plays an important role in the host innate immune response against viruses. Previous studies have shown that IFITM3 is upregulated in various tissues and organs after avian reovirus (ARV) infection, which suggests that IFITM3 may be involved in the antiviral response after ARV infection. In this study, the chicken IFITM3 gene was cloned and analyzed bioinformatically. Then, the role of chicken IFITM3 in ARV infection was further explored. The results showed that the molecular weight of the chicken IFITM3 protein was approximately 13 kDa. This protein was found to be localized mainly in the cytoplasm, and its protein structure contained the CD225 domain. The homology analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the IFITM3 genes of different species exhibited great variation during genetic evolution, and chicken IFITM3 shared the highest homology with that of Anas platyrhynchos and displayed relatively low homology with those of birds such as Anser cygnoides and Serinus canaria. An analysis of the distribution of chicken IFITM3 in tissues and organs revealed that the IFITM3 gene was expressed at its highest level in the intestine and in large quantities in immune organs, such as the bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen. Further studies showed that the overexpression of IFITM3 in chicken embryo fibroblasts (DF-1) could inhibit the replication of ARV, whereas the inhibition of IFITM3 expression in DF-1 cells promoted ARV replication. In addition, chicken IFITM3 may exert negative feedback regulatory effects on the expression of TBK1, IFN-γ and IRF1 during ARV infection, and it is speculated that IFITM3 may participate in the innate immune response after ARV infection by negatively regulating the expression of TBK1, IFN-γ and IRF1. The results of this study further enrich the understanding of the role and function of chicken IFITM3 in ARV infection and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the antiviral mechanism of host resistance to ARV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]