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Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A Construção de uma Civilização Ecológica responde à grave crise ambiental na China e está começando a causar mudanças de paradigma na política ambiental doméstica. No decorrer da pandemia da Covid-19, ficou evidente a ambição geopolítica e importância do país como poder normativo em questões da governança global. Utilizando-se a teoria construtivista, analisa-se a atuação de Pequim em instituições, o estabelecimento de normas nacionais e seu potencial para redefinir a ordem ambiental global. Discutem-se a atuação chinesa em organizações internacionais e eco-compensações para indicar possíveis comportamentos futuros do país na definição de agendas ambientais. Concluímos que a China contribui com visões normativas na área ambiental, principalmente nos países do Sul Global.

Um dos mais notórios acontecimentos do último quarto do Século XX foi a modernização socioeconômica, tecnológica e produtiva do Leste Asiático, em especial Japão, Coreia do Sul e Taiwan. Já a partir da virada do século e continuando no presente, a República Popular da China (RPC) entraria neste grupo de nações exitosas se consolidando como potência em contínua trajetória de crescimento. Diversos enfoques teóricos buscaram explicar o sucesso desses casos, dentre eles do Estado Desenvolvimentista (ED), elaborado originalmente por Chalmers Johnson em 1982. O presente artigo objetiva fazer um balanço crítico da literatura desenvolvimentista relacionada à estratégia industrial da China, para além de examinar em que medida a economia política chinesa se adequa ou não aos quatro predicados institucionais do ED elucidados pelo autor.

Depois de um longo período de exclusão do debate econômico, o estrondoso sucesso da transformação estrutural da China voltou a colocá-la no centro do debate. Na base de tal sucesso, está o processo de reforma econômica, que teve como um dos seus eixos a modernização da governança corporativa das empresas estatais (SOEs). O objetivo do artigo foi discutir as diretrizes de tal modernização e como esta se articula com o Sistema Partido-Estado. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, discutiu-se instituições, governança corporativa moderna e a reforma da governança das SOEs chinesas. Conclui-se que mesmo considerando a opacidade de certas relações informais na governança das SOEs, algumas evidências parecem apontar para efetividade da reforma na melhoria da performance e atração de capitais delas.

Este artigo trata de parte de um estudo a respeito da Sociedade de Matemática de São Paulo, que foi fundada em 1945 e dissolvida em 1972. Tem-se a finalidade de identificar a importância dessa instituição para o desenvolvimento e organização da Matemática e da comunidade matemática no Brasil, bem como apontar as pessoas fundamentais na criação dessa Sociedade e em sua organização. O artigo traz, ainda, considerações sobre o periódico oficial da referida sociedade, denominado Boletim da Sociedade de Matemática de São Paulo, que compreende 77 artigos distribuídos na coleção constituída por 18 volumes, publicada entre 1946 e 1966. A partir da criação dessa Sociedade, é possível perceber os sinais da organização de uma comunidade matemática brasileira preocupada com a melhoria da qualidade da produção matemática no país, com o objetivo de publicar e divulgar os resultados obtidos nas pesquisas brasileiras. Com este estudo, espera-se reconhecer a importância dessa Sociedade para o desenvolvimento e institucionalização da Matemática no Brasil.

A temática das “secas” ganhou uma fortuna crítica no Nordeste brasileiro. Pode-se afirmar que a seca, enquanto temática, além de uma problemática natural e social, consiste num problema historiográfico. Face a esta abrangência, e compreendendo que a temática ainda pode ser objeto de uma reflexão no âmbito de uma história dos sertões, realiza-se esta rápida incursão. É que em torno das secas foram construídos repertórios de memória, em diferentes suportes documentais, casos e cronologias, políticas públicas e investimentos técnicos e científicos, articulações entre local, regional e global, que deram evidências aos dilemas humanos em termos de trabalho, mobilidade e saúde

Resumo: Este artigo analisa os fatores de diferenciação institucional nos processos de certificação participativa de produtos orgânicos. Realizada junto aos Organismos Participativos de Avaliação da Conformidade (OPAC) que operam no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a pesquisa visava inicialmente responder se eles estariam convergindo para formatos organizacionais e estratégias similares. A hipótese inicial sugeria o isomorfismo desses organismos em virtude de pressões institucionais coercitivas, normativas e miméticas. No entanto, devido à rejeição da hipótese inicial, buscou-se, então, identificar os fatores que produzem diferenciação institucional. Foram examinados instrumentos normativos que regulam a certificação orgânica, os documentos internos de gestão dos OPACs, transcrições de entrevistas individuais e coletivas com stakeholders e anotações de observações das reuniões e procedimentos de certificação. Os resultados demonstram processos de dissociação (decoupling) impulsionados por três fatores principais: ambiguidade e heterogeneidade do ambiente institucional, resistência dos atores às pressões isomórficas e dinâmicas internas de poder relacionadas com o formato de participação social em cada OPAC.

Resumo: Este artigo tem o objetivo de demonstrar quais são os tipos de conhecimento na região coberta pela Indicação de Procedência Canastra (IP) após a inserção do conhecimento da legislação sanitária e da Indicação Geográfica (IG). Como objetivo específico, busca entender como as relações de confiança entre instituições na região foram afetadas pela GI. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, envolvendo pesquisa documental e entrevistas. A técnica de análise dos dados foi análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software Atlas TI. A pesquisa de campo levantou os conceitos-chave a partir da perspectiva dos produtores e das instituições endógenas e exógenas. Como principais resultados, destacam-se: partes do conhecimento da legislação foram incorporadas ao processo produtivo do Queijo Minas Artesanal (QMA) por meio do Dossiê interpretativo do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) e do Regulamento de Uso (RU) da IP. Este conhecimento tem sido disseminado notadamente pelo Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) e pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). O conhecimento da IG tem sido disseminado principalmente entre os produtores pela Associação dos Produtores do Queijo Canastra (APROCAN). Conclui-se que os três tipos de conhecimento encontrados − protegido, exógeno e tácito − sofreram importante influência pela inserção da legislação e pouca influência do conhecimento da IG. O conhecimento da legislação alterou as relações de confiança entre as instituições endógenas e exógenas.

This paper criticizes the emphasis placed by contemporary social theory and political philosophy on institutionalism as the basis for the understanding, legitimation and changing of institutions, or social systems, and society as a whole. The more impactful characteristic of institutionalism is its technical-logical structuring, based on an impartial, neutral and formal proceduralism that autonomizes social systems in relation to political praxis and social normativity, depoliticizing these social systems. Here, they are no longer depoliticized, but assume political centrality as the fundamental social subjects of the legitimation and evolution of institutions and society. The paper’s central argument is that it is necessary to re-politicize the institutions and the social subjects or social classes in order to ground and streamline a direct political praxis and the civil society’s social-political subjects as the basis for framing and legitimizing the current process of Western modernization. Recovering the politicity and the carnality of institutions, of social classes and of the evolution of society, is the fundamental task for a contemporary critical social theory that faces the strong institutionalism based on systemic theory. Such politicization is the unforgettable teaching of Karl Marx and Erich Fromm: the institutions have political content and political subjects, they are the result of social struggles for hegemony between opposed social classes which are political. Now, such politicity-carnality must be unveiled and used for an emancipatory democratic political praxis as the route for social analysis and political change, in opposition to the technical-logical understanding both of the institutions and of the social subjects.

o artigo correlaciona criticismo social e práxis político-normativa, criticismo social como práxis político-normativa dos e pelos excluídos-marginalizados, de sentido anti-sistêmico e anti-institucionalista que põe por terra três pontos teórico-políticos fundamentais da Realpolitik contemporânea assumidos em cheio pelo conservadorismo político e indiretamente utilizados por teorias sociais e por filosofias políticas liberais e social-democratas hodiernas, a saber: uma noção lógico-técnica, não-política e não-normativa de sistema social ou instituição, que individualiza, tecniciza e despolitiza campos da vida social, tornando-os autônomos e sobrepostos em relação à práxis política fundada em normatividade social; uma compreensão do processo de modernização ocidental como auto-diferenciação, autorreferencialidade e auto-subsistência daqueles sistemas sociais lógico-técnicos que põe por terra tanto a noção de sociedade como totalidade político-normativa quanto a centralidade da práxis política como base-instrumento dinamizador-orientador da estruturação das instituições e da evolução social; um procedimentalismo institucional que é neutro, imparcial, impessoal e formal em relação às classes sociais e suas lutas, que separa de modo férreo instituições e sociedade civil, sujeitos epistemológico-políticos institucionalizados e sujeitos epistemológico-políticos não-institucionalizados, fazendo do institucionalismo político, e partir do procedimentalismo impessoal e apolítico, a base paradigmática tanto para o funcionamento das instituições sobre si mesmas quanto para a própria atuação dos movimentos sociais e das iniciativas cidadãs em relação às instituições. A partir disso, argumentar-se-á que somente uma práxis político-normativa anti-sistêmica e anti-institucionalista, dos excluídos-marginalizados e por eles mesmos, em seu caráter permanente, inclusivo e participativo que a tudo politiza, pode permitir que o criticismo social como práxis política adquira um sentido crítico-emancipatório, como voz-práxis das vítimas. Nesse sentido, o criticismo social como práxis político-normativa das vítimas por elas mesmas é sempre anti-institucionalista e anti-sistêmico, a tudo politizando, exigindo a participação, a inclusão, a voz-práxis dos excluídos-marginalizados como condição paradigmática para a estruturação das instituições e para a orientação da evolução social, rompendo com o institucionalismo forte e apolítico.

Este artigo problematiza a prática disciplinar associada aos castigos corporais e morais que perduraram por um longo período na história da educação brasileira. Para a realização do estudo, fizemos pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, dialogando com autores como Veiga, Elias entre outros, e com a documentação normativa expressa em lei. Objetivando refletir sobre a prática disciplinar utilizada na educação, apontamos contribuições de políticas educacionais em direitos humanos como caminhos para a humanização dos sujeitos. No texto, abordamos o campo dos direitos humanos, a fim de compreendemos políticas públicas de valorização da dignidade de crianças e adolescentes. A história dos castigos físicos aplicados nas instituições escolares e em outras instituições está marcada pelo desrespeito à dignidade do educando, por práticas e posturas autoritárias e por políticas de arbítrio, impondo-se a construção de uma cultura de paz e de solidariedade no espaço educativo.

Resumo Dialogando com as diferentes abordagens presentes na literatura, este artigo procura analisar a incidência de greves nas diferentes fases econômicas e políticas do Brasil, nas duas últimas décadas. Ao mesmo tempo, inserimos as greves no contexto da conjuntura e dinâmica organizacional do movimento sindical. Ao longo desse período, a incidência de greves tendeu a diminuir nos momentos de alta do desemprego e a aumentar nos momentos de queda. Não foi encontrada relação entre greve e ganho salarial. A análise da relação entre greve e política parece corroborar a ideia de que em governos de centro-esquerda observa-se menor volume de greves do que em governos de centro-direita, enquanto a maior competição no interior do movimento sindical, inferida pelo número de sindicatos em cada ano, esteve associada a um maior volume de greves. Essas correlações, ainda que inconclusivas, apontam o caminho para novas investigações, utilizando séries mais longas e análise comparada.

A cafeicultura é uma atividade econômica importante para os agricultores de muitos países da América, África, Ásia e Oceania. Entretanto, a cafeicultura africana perdeu participação no mercado mundial nas últimas décadas. Este trabalho analisou o declínio da cafeicultura africana sob a perspectiva da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI). O trabalho foi feito em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a história política de quatro países que eram os mais importantes produtores de café da África na década de 1960, a saber: Angola, Etiópia, Costa do Marfim e Uganda. Na segunda etapa, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental sobre ações de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) de companhias multinacionais de café nos países africanos em anos recentes. Os dados obtidos foram interpretados a partir dos pressupostos da NEI. Os resultados indicam que houve grande instabilidade política nos quatros países analisados, algo que impede o desenvolvimento de instituições capazes de fomentar o desenvolvimento econômico. Nesse contexto, os resultados mostram que a ação das empresas multinacionais preenche um vazio deixado pelo Estado.

The present work analyzes the institutional vision regarding the participation of a nation in international trade - and the impact that changes in long-term institutional end up taking on the global technology leadership in counterpoint the Theory of comparative advantage - when dealing this issue. The argumentation advocated here, based on a history / bibliographical research, it is that the institutional view can give a consistent answer to explain the changes in recent decades in the position of countries like Japan, for example, while players in the arena of international trade in high value-added products. This occurs due to the fact of the Institutional Economics take account the diversity of factors that affect the performance of a nation, like for example, the investment in education.

Guinea-Bissau won its independence in 1973 and adopted the economic model of centralized planning based on the socialist ideal. However, the mid eighties decade marked the transition to market capitalism. The aim is to discuss the structural change from socialism to capitalism occurred in the country. To guide the discussion, they were reviewed the Veblenian institutionalist approach and foundations of economic structuralism. From the discussion made, it is argued that centrally coordination of different policies was an extremely difficult task. As for the capitalist period, it is concluded that the established policies have little tune with informal institutions rooted in Guinean economic system, and contribute little to national development.

The present study aimed at analyzing the positioning, contribution, or limitation of the formal Brazilian institutional environment regarding the creation, promotion and implementation of Solidary Economic Enterprises and Social Technologies. The path used to carry out this research was the triangulation among documentary research, literature review and former empirical research results. We found that the formal Brazilian institutional environment has not provided the necessary elements for the strengthening of Solidary Economic Enterprises and Social Technologies. It, therefore, constitutes a space that is not very developed in the face of the existence of such organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of a thoughtful process on psychoanalytic practice at a mental health institution in Bogotá, Colombia. A de-disciplining exercise is carried out, following the methodology of Ana María Fernández: denaturalizing social imaginaries, deconstructing logics, and outlining a genealogy of institutional practices. Elements such as time, payment, demand, completion, or end of analysis are thought of from various discourses (capitalist, psychiatric, democratic), and an analytical device of individual intervention is outlined, along with a proposal to think about an outsourced setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at assessing how institutions, whether at the individual level or at the more aggregated level (institutional environment of the countries), relate to a categorical measure of individual income. To meet this need, as variables at different levels are included, the hierarchical logistic regression model is used, and the individual income category is the dependent variable. The results show that institutional dimensions such as family, trust, gender equality, interest in politics and democracy, competition and government size are positively related to higher income. Otherwise, institutional dimensions such as religion, obedience, authority and income equality are inversely related to the highest income category. Furthermore, regarding formal institutions at the aggregate level (countries), a positive association between individual income and being in an institutional environment with better guarantees of property rights and smaller government size is suggested. These results strengthen arguments that institutional environments that value trust, democracy and property rights can positively influence the determination of the individuals' income levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, policy environments have become increasingly more complex with the growth in the number of wicked problems, such as that posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In their response to these problems, public administrations have, from necessity, become heavily reliant on their intergovernmental relations systems, as the challenges posed generally require multilevel responses. This paper analyzes the role of intergovernmental relations in shaping the responses of the BRICS countries when confronted with COVID-19. We develop an analytical framework to understand the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in these countries. Based on this we assess the capacity of the state and political systems to manage intergovernmental relations and ensure effective responses to the COVID-19 crisis. This framework is based on an analysis of three dimensions of the policy domain: the political and state system, formal and informal institutions, and the political alignment between them. Whilst state and political systems were found to be instrumental in formulating an immediate response to the crisis, informal institutions and political processes also played a prominent role in determining the extent to which strategies were implemented, particularly in countries that are more decentralized. Countries lacking the robust formal institutions needed to facilitate intergovernmental relations and to ensure swift policy responses, tend to deliver ineffective and inefficient results when confronted with wicked problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Portugal is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Ciência Administrativa is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economía is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia & Antropologia is the property of Sociologia & Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose - This article explores the extent to which business-government relations permeate socially irresponsible business activities. While existing theory provides traction in explaining the strength of the pressures to conform that emanate from the institutional environment, it does not adequately explain the conditions under which businesses might exercise discretion in choosing whether or not to conform to local standards of appropriateness and how local actors organize their responses accordingly. Methodology - The empirical evidence is based on an in-depth longitudinal case study developed in an industrial district of Fortaleza, Brazil. Data were collected from three sources, including semi-structured interviews. An inductive thematic analysis of narratives was conducted to investigate the interactions between the different institutional actors and their experiences of institutional change and renegotiation. Findings - It was found that the institutionalized forms of business-government relations are fundamentally permissive and personalized, being based on meeting specific and mutually opportunistic demands. We show that institutional permissiveness can make it possible for large firms to dominate an industrial area and force the government to reduce law enforcement. We demonstrate the historical evolution of forms of the appropriation of space and natural resources. Originality - Our theoretical contribution is to the concept of institutional permissiveness. Unlike other institutional streams, we argue that the concept of the institutional void is inadequate to the task of understanding business-government relations in emerging markets. We show how an institutional configuration can emerge that sustains the power relations and resource appropriations that reproduce social relations distinct from those found in the Anglo-American institutional environment, which does not configure institutional voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geosul is the property of Geosul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geosul is the property of Geosul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geosul is the property of Geosul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper exposes and analyzes some results of the research "Territorial Governance in Brazil: institutional specificities, spatial logics and development policies", guided by the following question: do governance structures reinforce institutional inertia or, on the contrary, are they signs of political modernization? Assuming that the basic function of structures is cooperation, the hypothesis can be expressed by following statement: institutional inertia and tendency to stability present in relations between actors hinder cooperation and participation by legitimizing relatively inadequate behaviors in search for sustainable territorial development. However, cooperation difficulties may also indicate a process of political modernization. The data analysis and development of hypothesis were made through a simplified reality model, the game, formed by the interactions between actors and institutions. Changes in institutional legitimacy modify actors' behavior and can be described as a process of political modernization. However, data collected indicate that cooperation and participation are truncated within the structures during the period studied (2002-2014), suggesting that their functioning can be characterized more by institutional inertia and less by political modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1990s, food processing activities have changed, stimulated by the politicalgovernmental context, which induced new forms of production and commercialization within the scope of Brazilian agriculture. Among these changes, several public policies were developed with the purpose of regulating the production, processing and food markets of family farming. Considering this context, this article aims to discuss what the role of public policies are in the changes of behavior and interpretation from family farmers that are processing food. The research was developed in 4 different regions in state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, according to Regional Development Councils (Coredes): Corede Jacuí Centro, Corede Sul, Corede Vale do Rio dos Sinos and Corede Hortênsias. Interviews have been conducted with 64 families, which process food in the rural area, with the assistance of a semi-structured form (with qualitative and quantitative questions), field diaries and observations. In the data analysis, it was used qualitative (technique called tenor analyzis) and quantitative (likert scale). A typology has been constructed to describe the trajectories of families in the processing food activities, which represents how 4 different groups have started processing food and how they have changed the techniques over time. The National School Feeding Program (PNAE) has been influencing transformations in the family habits, which has been identified by changes in the production and selling of food. Moreover, these changes might be explained by the management process of this program, which involves new collective actions in the context of processing food activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Praxis & Saber is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process that began in the 1820s with a view to adapting the nascent State to the primacy of laws and constitutional postulates was also linked to the police. At the beginning of the Regency, liberal aspirations that had arisen since previous years were combined with the climate of instability experienced by the Imperial Court, triggering important changes in the exercise of police activities. This paper aims to demonstrate the relationship between political projects and changes in police institutions, as well as signaling the limits of liberal enterprise in times of political and social turmoil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Programa Social Agropecuario (PSA) and the Proyecto de Desarrollo Rural para Pequeños Productores Agropecuarios (PROINDER), this article analyzes the changes that the bureaucratic units of rural development management have undergone between the 1990s and 2010. By paying attention to institutional changes, the analysis addresses the way in which two rural development policies are produced and reproduced in different political and economic contexts. It also focuses on the way in which the continuity of both actions implied modifications in the management areas after the creation of Programs, Units, Agencies and Ministries. It has been acknowledged that the changes not only have an impact on the production of new institutions but also on the content allocated to those institutions in the constitution of a socially problematized issue that justifies a state policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on global comparisons, Latin America is the most violent region in the world, with the highest homicide rate and a significant incidence of urban violence, kidnappings, lynchings and other forms of vigilante practices, and violent environmental conflicts. This document offers an overview of the forms, actors, and economic, social, and institutional impacts of violence in Latin America, and identifies particularly vulnerable groups, such as youth, women, and Human Rights defenders. The document serves as a context for this special issue which aims to support the work of students and scholars on the subject. The document concludes with a brief discussion of the likely impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on violence in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recent studies have revised the English School’s long universalist tradition by applying some of its main concepts to the sub-global level. The present essay analyzes the attempts to employ the concepts of international society and institutions to regions and discusses the contributions that this effort brings to the field.