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The human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is involved in vital functions such asfeeding and talking, while its disorder prevalence is reported to be between 5% and 12%.Functional evaluation using quantitative motion analysis tools is interesting in order to betterunderstand normal and abnormal TMJ behavior. But, for the same mandibular displacement,left and right condyles will most certainly give different motion representation: both condylesshowing a different shape and volume, being most of the time asymmetric and highly individual.This study performs quantification on relative left and right condyle orientation and positionusing the spatial location of palpated anatomical landmarks (ALs) and anatomical frames (AFs),on three-dimensional (3D) models created from computerized tomography (CT) performed on94 mandibles from Université Libre de Bruxelles bone repository, and magnetic resonance imag-ing (MRI) performed on 11 living subjects. Our aim was to gather as much data as possible onthe morphological aspect of the condyle’s orientation asymmetry within the same mandible, inorder to better address the difference of motion representation that will be observed for theright and left condyles in further kinematic studies., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

International audience; BACKGROUND: Obinutuzumab monotherapy has shown promising efficacy in mantle cell lymphoma. We aimed to investigate the activity of obinutuzumab plus DHAP (dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin), measured by minimal residual disease quantitative (q)PCR status in the bone marrow after four cycles. METHODS: LyMa-101 was a prospective, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Participants were enrolled from 28 hospitals in France. Newly diagnosed patients with mantle cell lymphoma (aged 18 to

International audience; Land-based micropollutants are the largest pollution source of the marine environment acting as themajor large-scale chemical sink. Despite this, there are few comprehensive datasets for estimatingmicropollutant fluxes released to the sea from river mouths. Hence, their dynamics and drivers remainpoorly understood. Here, we address this issue by continuous measurements throughout the Rhone River ^basin (~100,000 km2) of 1) particulate micropollutant concentrations (persistant organic micropollutants: polychlorobiphenyls [PCBi] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]; emerging compounds: glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid [AMPA]; and trace metal elements [TME]), 2)suspended particulate matter [SPM], and 3) water discharge. From these data, we computed daily fluxesfor a wide range of micropollutants (n ¼ 29) over a long-term period (2008-2018). We argue that almosttwo-thirds of annual micropollutant fluxes are released to the Mediterranean Sea during three shortterm periods over the year. The watershed hydro-climatic heterogeneity determines this dynamic bytriggering seasonal floods. Unexpectedly, the large deficit of the inter-annual monthly micropollutantfluxes inputs (tributaries and the Upper Rhone River) compared to the output (Beaucaire station) claims ^for the presence of highly contaminated missing sources of micropollutants in the Rhone River water- ^shed. Based on a SPM-flux-averaged micropollutant concentrations mass balance of the system and theestimates of the relative uncertainty of the missing sources concentration, we assessed their locationwithin the Rhone River catchment. We assume that the potential missing sources of PAHs, PCBi and TME ^would be, respectively, the metropolitan areas, the alluvial margins of the Rhone River valley, and the ^unmonitored Cevenol tributaries.

Summary The human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is involved in vital functions such as feeding and talking, while its disorder prevalence is reported to be between 5% and 12%. Functional evaluation using quantitative motion analysis tools is interesting in order to better understand normal and abnormal TMJ behavior. But, for the same mandibular displacement, left and right condyles will most certainly give different motion representation: both condyles showing a different shape and volume, being most of the time asymmetric and highly individual. This study performs quantification on relative left and right condyle orientation and position using the spatial location of palpated anatomical landmarks (ALs) and anatomical frames (AFs), on three-dimensional (3D) models created from computerized tomography (CT) performed on 94 mandibles from Universite Libre de Bruxelles bone repository, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed on 11 living subjects. Our aim was to gather as much data as possible on the morphological aspect of the condyle's orientation asymmetry within the same mandible, in order to better address the difference of motion representation that will be observed for the right and left condyles in further kinematic studies.

The balance within phospholipids (PLs) between saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids is known to regulate the biophysical properties of cellular membranes. As a consequence, in many cell types, perturbing this balance alters crucial cellular processes, such as vesicular budding and the trafficking/function of membrane-anchored proteins. The worldwide spread of the Western diet, which is highly enriched in saturated fats, has been clearly correlated with the emergence of a complex syndrome known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is defined as a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis; however, no clear correlations have been established between diet-induced fatty acid redistribution within cellular PLs and the severity/chronology of the symptoms associated with MetS or the function of the targeted organs. To address this issue, in this study we analyzed PL remodeling in rats exposed to a high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFHF) over a 15-week period. PL remodeling was analyzed in several organs, including known MetS targets. We show that fatty acids from the diet can redistribute within PLs in a very selective manner, with phosphatidylcholine being the preferred sink for this redistribution. Moreover, in the HFHF rat model, most organs are protected from this redistribution, at least during the early onset of MetS, at the expense of the liver and skeletal muscles. Interestingly, such a redistribution correlates with clear-cut alterations in the function of these organs. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper., Summary: In rats, a high-fat diet induces the selective distribution of fatty acids within phosphatidylcholine in the liver and muscles, in a manner that correlates with organ dysfunction. The cardiovascular system appears to be protected under these conditions.

International audience; So far physics of quantum electronic transport has not tackled the problems raised by quantum dot intermediate-band solar cells. Our study shows that this physics imposes design rules for the inter-subband transition. We developed an analytical model that correctly treats, from a quantum point-of-view, the trade-off between the absorption, the recombination and the electronic transport occurring in this transition. Our results clearly indicate that it is essential to control the transit rate between the excited state of the quantum dot and the embedding semiconductor. For that, we propose to assume the dot in a tunnel-shell whose main characteristics can be obtained by a simple analytical formula. Moreover, we show that in a realistic case, the energy transition only needs to be larger than 0.28 eV to obtain a quasi Fermi-level splitting. This quite small value designates the quantum dot solar cell as a serious candidate to be an efficient intermediate-band solar cell. This work gives a framework to design efficient inter-subband transitions and then opens new opportunities for quantum dot intermediate-band solar cells.

This theoretical study sheds light on questions raised by inter-subband transition in quantum dot intermediate band solar cells. Based on a dedicated analytical model that correctly treats, from a quantum point-of-view, the trade-off between the absorption, the recombination and the electronic transport, we clearly show that it is essential to control the transit rate between the excited state of the quantum dot and the embedding semiconductor with a tunnel barrier. Such a barrier, matching the recombination and the tunnel rates, allows to strongly improve the current. On the other hand, by better controlling the retrapping, such a barrier can also improve the voltage. Finally this work, by giving a framework to design efficient inter-subband transitions, opens new opportunities for quantum dot intermediate-band solar cells.

Haspin is a mitotic protein kinase required for proper cell division by modulating Aurora B kinase localisation and activity as well as histone phosphorylation. Here a series of imidazopyridazines based on the CHR-6494 and Structure Activity Relationship was established. An assessment of the inhibitory activity of the lead structures on human Haspin and several other protein kinases is presented. The lead structure was rapidly optimised using a combination of crystal structures and effective docking models, with the best inhibitors exhibiting potent inhibitory activity on Haspin with IC50 between 6 and 100 nM in vitro. The developed inhibitors displayed anti-proliferative properties against various human cancer cell lines in 2D and spheroid cultures and significantly inhibited the migration ability of osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Notably, we show that our lead compounds are powerful Haspin inhibitors in human cells, and did not block G2/M cell cycle transition due to improved selectivity against CDK1/CyclinB., Graphical Abstract

International audience; We study by means of full quantum simulations an asymmetric double-barrier semiconductor heterostructure refrigerator combining resonant tunneling filtering and thermionic emission. By varying the quantum well thickness, we first investigate the influence of the activation energy W on the coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling power. We show that the best performances are obtained when W equals the polar optical phonon energy of the material. However we also emphasize that cooling power and COP are severely limited by tunneling current at high bias. We then propose an original structure with a tilted potential barrier to reduce this degrading effect. Quantum simulations demonstrate that cooling properties of such tilted barrier device are significantly improved in out-of-equilibrium regime, where the thermionic cooling concept offers its best efficiency.

We examined the understanding of emotional speech by deaf children with cochlear implant (CI). Thirty deaf children with CI and 60 typically developing controls (matched on chronological age or hearing age) performed a computerized task featuring emotional prosody, either embedded in a discrepant context or without any context at all. Across the task conditions, the deaf participants with CI scored lower on the prosody-bases responses than their peers matched on chronological age or hearing age. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of age on determining correct prosody-based responses and we found that hearing age was a predictor of the accuracy of prosody-based responses. We discuss these findings with respect to delay in prosody and intermodal processing. Future research should aim to specify the nature of the cognitive processes that would be required to process prosody.

The use of cold spray (CS) in metal additive manufacturing (AM) offers well recognized advantages with typical commercial drivers being a rapid build rate, low process temperature and wide range of usable alloys. For cold spray, technology-specific considerations must be factored into each of the processing steps and in particular, an effective build strategy and toolpath are critical to moving towards near-net shape parts. Inspection and quality control of such complex parts is a challenge and new strategies have to be developed. For this purpose, this study looks to combine optical techniques for dimensional analysis with laser ultrasonics for volume probing., Series: Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology

This paper reports on MexCo (Mexico-Coventry), an ongoing online intercultural learning project underpinned by action research. Its aim is to embed internationalisation into the curriculum of the institutions involved in order to promote citizenship competences, online intercultural communicative competence in particular, among both students and staff. The integration of telecollaboration into the curriculum has highlighted problematic aspects of the development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC), such as cyberpragmatics (Yus, 2011). Cyberpragmatics is intended here as the skill of understanding others' intended meanings in computer-mediated communication. It is suggested that cyberpragmatics in online intercultural learning exchanges is a ‘Threshold Concept' (TC) (Meyer & Land, 2005, p. 375), i.e. a key concept that is troublesome to understand as it is challenging to the identity of the learner, but which could open new learning horizons to the students who do manage to grasp it.

The coherent quantum effect becomes increasingly important in the heat dissipation bottleneck of semiconductor nanoelectronics with the characteristic size shrinking down to few nano-meters scale nowadays. However, the quantum mechanical model remains elusive for anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering in extremely small nanostructures with broken translational symmetry. It is a long-term challenging task to correctly simulate quantum heat transport including anharmonic scattering at a scale relevant to practical applications. In this article, we present a clarified theoretical formulation of anharmonic phonon non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) formalism for both 1D and 3D nanostructures, through a diagrammatic perturbation expansion and an introduction of Fourier representation to both harmonic and anharmonic terms. A parallelized computational framework with first-principle force constants input is developed for large-scale quantum heat transport simulation. Some crucial approximations in numerical implementation are investigated to ensure the balance between numerical accuracy and efficiency. A quantitative validation is demonstrated for the anharmonic phonon NEGF formalism and computational framework by modeling cross-plane heat transport through silicon thin film. The phonon-phonon scattering is shown to be appreciable and to introduce about 20% reduction of thermal conductivity at room temperature even for a film thickness around 10 nm. The present methodology provides a robust platform for the device quantum thermal modeling, as well as the study on the transition from coherent to incoherent heat transport in nano-phononic crystals. This work thus paves the way to understand and to manipulate heat conduction via the wave nature of phonons., Comment: 47 pages, 16 figures

International audience; Land-based micropollutants are the largest pollution source of the marine environment acting as the major large-scale chemical sink. Despite this, there are few comprehensive datasets for estimating micropollutant fluxes released to the sea from river mouths. Hence, their dynamics and drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we address this issue by continuous measurements throughout the Rhône River basin (∼100,000 km2) of 1) particulate micropollutant concentrations (persistant organic micropollutants: polychlorobiphenyls [PCBi] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]; emerging compounds: glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid [AMPA]; and trace metal elements [TME]), 2) suspended particulate matter [SPM], and 3) water discharge. From these data, we computed daily fluxes for a wide range of micropollutants (n = 29) over a long-term period (2008-2018). We argue that almost two-thirds of annual micropollutant fluxes are released to the Mediterranean Sea during three short-term periods over the year. The watershed hydro-climatic heterogeneity determines this dynamic by triggering seasonal floods. Unexpectedly, the large deficit of the inter-annual monthly micropollutant fluxes inputs (tributaries and the Upper Rhône River) compared to the output (Beaucaire station) claims for the presence of highly contaminated missing sources of micropollutants in the Rhône River watershed. Based on a SPM-flux-averaged micropollutant concentrations mass balance of the system and the estimates of the relative uncertainty of the missing sources concentration, we assessed their location within the Rhône River catchment. We assume that the potential missing sources of PAHs, PCBi and TME would be, respectively, the metropolitan areas, the alluvial margins of the Rhône River valley, and the unmonitored Cevenol tributaries.

Engineering low-frequency phonon transport in nanostructures with the phonon resonant mechanism has become an important research direction. On the basis of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, the thermal transport in pristine and resonant Si-membranes bounded with {100}, {110} and {111} facets is investigated. It is found that the creation of surfaces can introduce anisotropic thermal transport due to the lattice symmetry breaking. Besides, ballistic phonon transport is found in pristine membranes with lengths up to 500 nm at low-frequencies with a critical frequency mainly dependent on the crystallographic orientation. Moreover, although surface resonances can dramatically reduce the thermal conductivity of all membranes, the resonant effect strongly relies on membrane orientation. Among the three studied membrane orientations, the resonant effect is maximized in the {111}-membrane, where the thermal conductivity is tuned from the largest one to the smallest one among the three membrane types by resonant pillars. The large thermal conductivity reduction in the {111}-membranes by resonances originated from the reduced spectral heat flux between 3 and 12 THz. Furthermore, the resonant coupling strength can be tuned by the interface vacancy between resonant pillars and the base material, which can enhance phonon transport at an intermediate frequency range. Our work provides further insights on thermal transport engineering by phonon resonances and could be useful for thermal conductivity engineering with surface orientations and resonances.

The balance within phospholipids (PL) between Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) and mono- or poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA), is known to regulate the biophysical properties of cellular membranes. As a consequence, perturbating this balance alters crucial cellular processes in many cell types, such as vesicular budding and the trafficking/function of membrane-anchored proteins. The worldwide spreading of the Western-diet, which is specifically enriched in saturated fats, has been clearly correlated with the emergence of a complex syndrome, known as the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), which is defined as a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis. However, no clear correlations between diet-induced fatty acid redistribution within cellular PL, the severity/chronology of the symptoms associated to MetS and the function of the targeted organs, particularly in the early onset of the disease, have been established. In an attempt to fill this gap, we analyzed in the present study PL remodeling in rats exposed during 15 weeks to a High Fat/High Fructose diet (HFHF) in several organs, including known MetS targets. We show that fatty acids from the diet can distribute within PL in a very selective way, with PhosphatidylCholine being the preferred sink for this distribution. Moreover, in the HFHF rat model, most organs are protected from this redistribution, at least during the early onset of MetS, at the exception of the liver and skeletal muscles. Interestingly, such a redistribution correlates with clear-cut alterations in the function of these organs.

International audience; We numerically investigate the impact of electron−phonon scattering on the optical properties of a perovskite material (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3). Using nonequilibrium Green function formalism, we calculate the local density of states for several values of the electron−phonon scattering strength. We report an Urbach-like penetration of the density of states in the band gap due to scattering. A physical analytical model allows us to attribute this behavior to a multiphonon process. Values of Urbach energy up to 9.5 meV are obtained, meaning that scattering contribution to the total experimental Urbach energy of 15 meV is quite important. We also show that the open-circuit voltage V oc , for a solar cell assuming such a material as an absorber, depends on the scattering strength. V oc loss increases with the scattering strength, up to 41 mV. Finally, an unexpected result of this study, is that the impact of electron−phonon scattering on Urbach tail and V oc increases with the phonon energy. This low value in perovskite (8 meV) is therefore an advantage for photovoltaic applications.

Resume Objectif Cette etude a pour objectif de mesurer la prevalence de l’etat de stress post-traumatique et de la detresse emotionnelle chez les victimes de la tempete Xynthia, sept ans apres son passage. Methode Les donnees ont ete obtenues aupres de 36 victimes d’exposition directe qui ont rempli trois echelles cliniques : le questionnaire de sante general (GHQ-12), l’echelle d’impact de l’evenement (IES) et le questionnaire d’evaluation du stress post-traumatique (QSPT). Resultats Cette etude montre un niveau eleve de detresse psychologique avec des scores pathologiques au GHQ-12 pour 29 victimes (81 %). Neuf victimes (25 %) presentent des symptomes de stress post-traumatique a l’IES avec trois cas (8 %) d’etats de stress post-traumatiques actifs au QSPT. Dans notre echantillon, le deuil apparait comme un facteur de risque significatif de developper un etat de stress post-traumatique avec un odd ratio de 15,43 (IC95 % : 1,56–152,37, p = 0,017). Conclusion Les consequences psychologiques de la tempete Xynthia sont toujours presentes sept ans apres son passage et dominees par la detresse emotionnelle. Les intervenants de la sante doivent etre sensibilises aux consequences psychologiques des catastrophes naturelles, meme sur le long terme.

Ballistic transport in monolayer Germanane MOSFETs is investigated for high-performance (HP) applications. Characteristics of both n- and p-type transistors having channel lengths of 7, 5, and 3 nm are studied and compared against the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor (ITRS) target of 2028. Our simulation approach is based on a self-consistent quantum ballistic transport model within the framework of the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism and relies on a single-band and a two-band ${k}\cdot {p}$ Hamiltonian for n- and p-type channels, respectively. We found that, even for a gate length scaled down to 3 nm, the ON current ( ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ) in n- and p-MOSFETs for a fixed OFF current ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}} =100\,\,{\text nA/\mu m}$ is as high as ~890 and 700 $\mu \text {A}/\mu \text {m}$ , respectively. For longer channel lengths, the p-MOSFET can outperform the n-MOSFET in terms of ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ requirements, as the direct source-to-drain tunneling gets suppressed. Other performance metrics, including gate capacitance, intrinsic switching delay, and switching energy, have also been calculated and found to be comparable to the ITRS 2028 HP technology requirements.