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Objectives: Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) is a known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Observational studies had supported the role of lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet and alcohol consumption in CVD prevention. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between Hhcy and lifestyle factors in general Chinese population.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 7135 adults (3320 men and 3815 women) aged 35 years or older were recruited from the rural Northeast China. Data on lifestyle factors, such as physical activities, sleep duration, current smoking and drinking status, dietary habits and familial factors were collected in interviews and laboratory examinations were performed by well-trained personnel.Results: Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level was higher in men than in women, and greater in the elderly than in other age groups. Subjects with Hhcy were more likely to be current smokers (men: OR 1.328, 95% CI 1.143-1.543, p<0.001; women: OR 1.465, 95% CI 1.214-1.767, p<0.001). Separately, men with Hhcy were more likely to have an education of primary school or below (OR 1.251, 95% CI 1.068-1.465, p=0.006) and less likely to eat more vegetables (OR 0.927, 95% CI 0.863-0.996, p=0.037) than the normal-tHcy participants. In women, participants with Hhcy were more likely to have longer sleeping time (>9h/d) (OR 1.677, 95% CI 1.292-2.177, p<0.001), low physical activity (OR 1.721, 95% CI 1.197-2.475, p=0.044) and increased diet score (OR 1.126, 95% CI 1.007-1.259, p=0.037) and less likely to be current drinkers (OR 0.488, 95% CI 0.297-0.802, p=0.005) than the normal-tHcy participants.Conclusion: Our study revealed that physical activity and current drinking status were not significantly associated with Hhcy in males, but inversely associated in females. In both genders, current smoking status and dietary habits were significantly associated with Hhcy. Our study supports existing recommendations for Chinese to maintain a physically active behaviors and healthy lifestyle habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi2((Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xTix)2O7weberite ceramics with 0.3≤x≤0.45 were synthesized using solid-state reaction method. Except Bi2((Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3)2O7with single body-centered orthorhombic weberite phase, the orthorhombic weberite phase of the other compositions changes with sintering temperatures. End-centered orthorhombic weberite is the phase of the ceramics sintered at lower temperatures. With increasing sintering temperature, the end-centered orthorhombic weberite phase transforms into body-centered orthorhombic weberite phase gradually. Although the crystal structures are sensitive to the chemistries and synthesizing conditions, the dense ceramics of Bi2((Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xTix)2O7show similar dielectric permittivity ϵ of ∼160. Their temperature coefficients of capacitance TCC vary from −150 to −280 ppm/°C with increasing Ti content. High ϵ, low tanδ (<0.003) and low sintering temperature (∼950°C) make the Bi2((Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xTix)2O7ceramics are competitive candidates for multiplayer ceramics capacitors and low-temperature co-fired ceramics materials. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Bi2((Mg1/3Nb2/3)1-xTix)2O7 ceramics with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 were synthesized using solid-state reaction method and could be sintered densely at low temperature under 950 °C. The crystal structure is pure cubic pyrochlore for the compositions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3. When x > 0.3, it transforms from orthorhombic weberite into cubic pyrochlore with the increase in sintering temperature. Permittivity of cubic pyrochlore Bi2((Mg1/3Nb2/3)1-xTix)2O7 ceramics with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 is ~160. In addition, the ceramics have very low dielectric loss (<4 × 10−4) and tunable temperature coefficient of capacitance from −300 to −500 ppm/°C with the increase in Ti content. These merits make the compositions be potential candidates for multilayer ceramic capacitors and low-temperature co-fired ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we successfully grew large-sized single crystals (12 × 11 × 8 mm³) of 0.91Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -0.06BaTiO 3 -0.03(K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 (BNT-6BT-3KNN) with a <100> c orientation using the flux growth method. This marks the first instance of achieving such crystals. The single crystals display double hysteresis loops, featuring a maximum polarization of ∼64.6 μC/cm2. Capitalizing on the nonergodic/ergodic boundary, the single crystals exhibit a substantial strain (S m) of 0.91% at the maximum electric field of 20 kV/cm and an exceptionally high inverse piezoelectric coefficient d 33 * of 4550 pm/V. The creation of long-range domains from needle-like nanodomains and polar-nano regions under the application of an electric field was confirmed through bright-field transmission electron microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy analyses. The phase diagram for BNT-6BT-3KNN single crystals was constructed by analyzing the temperature dependence of dielectric, ferroelectric, and electrostrain behaviors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have confirmed a simple NaBH 4 reduction method for designing efficient electrocatalysts for interface engineering synthesis of Cu 2 O/In(OH) 3 heterojunctions. The H 2 /CO ratio can be changed from 2:1 to 1:1 by changing the Cu/In ratio. Simultaneously creatively utilizing solar energy to drive CO 2 RR systems while still maintaining excellent performance. [Display omitted] • The synthesis of catalysts (Cu 2 O/In(OH) 3 heterojunction) by one-step reduction with NaBH 4 provides a simple method for interface engineering. • The syngas (H 2 /CO) ratio can be changed from 2:1 to 1:1 within a wide potential range by changing the Cu/In feeding ratio. • Cu 2 O/In(OH) 3 showed high durability, minimal activity attenuation, and no significant change in H 2 /CO ratio after 16 h test. • Creatively using solar energy to drive the CO 2 RR system can directly and efficiently achieve the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy (syngas). • In-situ experiments and detailed characterization show that some Cu+ converts to Cu0 and In remains stable during the CO 2 RR process. Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) holds greater promise for converting CO 2 into value-added chemicals, but designing and manufacturing efficient CO 2 RR catalysts remains desirable but challenging. Here, the Cu 2 O/In(OH) 3 with heterojunction structure was prepared as an efficient CO 2 RR electrocatalysts. The optimized Cu 2 O/In(OH) 3 –1:1 stabilizes over a wide range of potentials to generate syngas (hydrogen/carbon monoxide, H 2 /CO) at a ratio of 2:1, and the total Faraday efficiency (FE) remains close to 100 %. However, the ratio of syngas will change to 1:1 when the Cu/In ratio becomes 1:2. In addition, creatively using solar energy to drive the CO 2 RR system can directly and efficiently achieve the change of solar energy to chemical energy (syngas). Moreover, in-situ experiments show that part of Cu+ is converted to Cu during the CO 2 RR process, while In(OH) 3 remains stable. This work highlights an efficient electrocatalyst for producing syngas based on interface engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reactive astrocytes participate in various pathophysiology after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), including neuroinflammation, glymphatic–lymphatic system dysfunction, brain edema, BBB disruption, and cell death. Astrocytes transform into two new reactive phenotypes with changed morphology, altered gene expression, and secretion profiles, termed detrimental A1 and beneficial A2. This study investigates the effect of 67LR activation by PEDF-34, a PEDF peptide, on neuroinflammation and astrocyte polarization after the experimental SAH. Methods: A total of 318 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in experiments in vivo, of which 272 rats were subjected to the endovascular perforation model of SAH and 46 rats underwent sham surgery. 67LR agonist (PEDF-34) was administrated intranasally 1 h after SAH. 67LR-specific inhibitor (NSC-47924) and STAT1 transcriptional activator (2-NP) were injected intracerebroventricularly 48 h before SAH. Short- and long-term neurological tests, brain water content, immunostaining, Nissl staining, western blot, and ELISA assay were performed. In experiments in vitro, primary astrocyte culture with hemoglobin (Hb) stimulation was used to mimic SAH. The expression of the PEDF-34/67LR signaling pathway and neuro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed using Western blot, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry assays both in vivo and in vitro. Results: Endogenous PEDF and 67LR expressions were significantly reduced at 6 h after SAH. 67LR was expressed in astrocytes and neurons. Intranasal administration of PEDF-34 significantly reduced brain water content, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and short-term and long-term neurological deficits after SAH. The ratio of p-JNK/JNK and p-STAT1/STAT1 and the expression of CFB and C3 (A1 astrocytes marker), significantly decreased after PEDF-34 treatment, along with fewer expression of TNF-α and IL-1β at 24 h after SAH. However, 2-NP (STAT1 transcriptional activator) and NSC-47924 (67LR inhibitor) reversed the protective effects of PEDF-34 in vivo and in vitro by promoting A1 astrocyte polarization with increased inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: PEDF-34 activated 67LR, attenuating neuroinflammation and inhibiting astrocyte A1 polarization partly via the JNK/STAT1 pathway, suggesting that PEDF-34 might be a potential treatment for SAH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Study of hydrogen energy storage for microgrid using a reversible solid oxide cell. • Optimisation is used to choose and size components for simulated microgrid. • Case studies are considered for England and Texas. • Economics for such a system are challenging: payback generally at least 20 years. • Hybrid storage (hydrogen + battery) preferred to battery for high self sufficiency. Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs) offer the prospect of long term bulk energy storage using hydrogen or methane fuel. Solid oxide technology, whilst less mature than alkaline and PEM technology, offers superior conversion efficiency - especially for electrolysis. Furthermore, the possibility of using the cells reversibly means that separate 'power-to-gas' and 'gas-to-power' components are not needed, potentially reducing costs. In this work, we consider the suitability of energy storage using rSOCs and/or battery storage for a microgrid consisting of houses equipped with solar PV generation. An agent-based simulation model is developed to assess the performance of such a microgrid. The model enables the microgrid's self-sufficiency to be quantified, and hence the possible cost savings through avoided imports of grid power. Sizing of microgrid components is optimised to determine the most cost-effective design capable of achieving given self-sufficiency ratio. Case studies are considered for England and Texas. Initially, designs are considered with hydrogen energy storage only; subsequently, hybrid energy storage is considered, with a community scale battery working alongside the rSOC. Results suggest that payback periods for pure rSOC systems tend to be unfavourable. However, if prices fall to levels foreseen in the literature, a system designed to achieve 50% grid-independence could pay back its investment costs within 20 years. Systems designed for Texas need relatively less storage, owing to the good year-round solar resource; as such, payback time in Texas is superior to the UK. Hybrid storage with battery + rSOC is found to be preferable to battery only systems when (i) high SSR is required and (ii) large over-capacity of PV generation is not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rooftop photovoltaics (PV) have become widely adopted by domestic customers in tandem with energy storage systems to generate clean energy and limit import from the grid, however most applications struggle to achieve profitability. The level at which energy storage is deployed, be it household energy storage (HES), or as a community energy storage (CES) system, can potentially increase the economic feasibility. Furthermore, the introduction of a Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff enables households to further reduce their energy costs through demand side management (DSM). Here we investigate and compare the performance of HES and CES with DSM. The results suggest that TOU tariffs can effectively shave peak demand by up to 30% and lower energy bills by at least 20%, but do not improve self-consumption or self-sufficiency rate. This study indicates that all cases considered are environmentally friendly and can pay back the total CO 2 emissions associated with the manufacturing within 8 years. However, the levelised cost of storage (LCOS) is still beyond a household's affordability, ranging from £0.4 to £2.03 kWh−1, though CES is proven more effective at improving self-consumption for consumers and shaving peak demand for network operators. The feasibility can be improved by 1) combining different services and tariffs to obtain more revenues for households; 2) more legislative and financial support to reduce system costs; and 3) more innovative business models and policies to optimise revenues with existing resource. • Techno-enviro-economic analysis of energy storage for two communities is presented. • Flat tariff maximises PV consumption; TOU tariff allows greater cost reductions. • Storage feasibility still hindered by expensive LCOS, from £0.4 - £2.03 kWh−1. • Inter-house trading reduces energy cost by 50% but needs policy support. • All cases can pay back total manufacturing CO 2 emissions within 8 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Techno-enviro-economic analysis of community energy storage system (CES) presented. • Community self-consumption and self-sufficiency are improved compared to PV-only. • Investment in storage is economically infeasible with payback of 8–14 years. • The value of shared electricity and equipment cost is central to payback time. • Household/community energy storage are environmentally beneficial after 2.5 years. Residential electricity demand is expected to rise in the next few decades due to the electrification of heating and transport. Both European and UK national policies suggest that efforts should be made to reduce carbon emissions and increase the share of renewable energy, an important element of which is encouraging generation, typically PV, in partnership with energy storage systems in the residential sector. The scale of the energy storage system is important, i.e. in individual properties or as a community resource. Many advantages of community energy storage (CES) over household energy storage (HES) have been identified, but the design and operation of CES has received significantly less attention. Most existing research has analysed CES at community level only, but the performance and impact on individual households has yet to be fully explored. In this study an agent-based model is proposed to investigate and analyse CES based on a range of criteria. Results indicate that both HES and CES can significantly reduce the grid peak power import and export, improve the community self-consumption rate (SCR) and self-sufficiency rate (SSR), and contribute to much higher energy saving. Furthermore, optimising the CES capacity leads to more effective use of PV power and better demand localisation during high PV-generation periods. It is found that an important challenge for CES systems is to realise the value of the shared electricity equitably amongst the participants and potentially to seek other revenue streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and simple method for detecting Cu2+ in the water source was proposed by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) based on the Ag@SiO2/Au core–shell composite. The Ag@SiO2 SERS tag was synthesized by a simple approach, in which Ag nanoparticles were first embedded with Raman reporter PATP and next coated with a SiO2 shell. The Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles had strong stability even in a high-concentration salty solution, and there were no changes to their properties and appearance within one month. The Ag@SiO2/Au composite was fabricated through a controllable self-assemble process. L-cysteine was decorated on the surface of a functionalized Ag@SiO2/Au composite, as the amino and carboxyl groups of it can form coordinate covalent bond with Cu2+, which shows that the Ag@SiO2/Au composite labelled with L-cysteine has excellent performance for the detection of Cu2+ in aqueous media. In this study, the SERS detection of Cu2+ was carried out using Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles, and the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.1 mg/L was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has a remarkable impact on function and participation. Subsequently, the caregivers of individuals with SMA are impacted as well. Providers and the SMA community should be aware of the presence of and likely expectations for the existence of caregiver burden. Methods: The Assessment of Caregiver Experience with Neuromuscular Disease (ACEND) quantifies caregivers' perceptions of function and quality of life pertaining to time, finance and emotion. Analyses were conducted among SMA types and ambulatory and ventilatory status. Participants with SMA had varying ranges of function and were on pharmaceutical treatment. Total ACEND score, longitudinal change in total ACEND score, total quality of life (QOL) score, change in total QOL score and subdomains for QOL, including time, emotion and finance, were all explored. Results: Overall, the ACEND demonstrated discriminant validity and some observed trends. Total ACEND scores improved for caregivers of those with SMA 2, remained stable longitudinally for caregivers of those with SMA 1 and 3 and were not influenced by ventilation status. The caregivers of individuals with SMA 1 had the lowest total quality of life (QOL) score, as did the caregivers of non-ambulatory individuals and those requiring assisted ventilation. Longitudinally, there were no changes in total QOL between caregivers of individuals with different SMA types or ambulatory or ventilation status. There were some differences in emotional needs, but no differences in financial impact between the caregivers of individuals with different types of SMA or ambulatory and ventilatory status. Conclusions: With this information enlightening the presence of caregiver burden and expected changes in burden with pharmaceutical treatment, providers, third party payors and the SMA community at large can better assist, equip and empower those providing the necessary assistance to enable the lives of those with SMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era, patients often resort to the internet for answers to their health-related concerns, and clinics face challenges to providing timely response to patient concerns. This has led to a need to investigate the capabilities of AI chatbots for ophthalmic diagnosis and triage. In this in silico study, 80 simulated patient complaints in ophthalmology with varying urgency levels and clinical descriptors were entered into both ChatGPT and Bard in a systematic 3-step submission process asking chatbots to triage, diagnose, and evaluate urgency. Three ophthalmologists graded chatbot responses. Chatbots were significantly better at ophthalmic triage than diagnosis (90.0% appropriate triage vs. 48.8% correct leading diagnosis; p < 0.001), and GPT-4 performed better than Bard for appropriate triage recommendations (96.3% vs. 83.8%; p = 0.008), grader satisfaction for patient use (81.3% vs. 55.0%; p < 0.001), and lower potential harm rates (6.3% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.010). More descriptors improved the accuracy of diagnosis for both GPT-4 and Bard. These results indicate that chatbots may not need to recognize the correct diagnosis to provide appropriate ophthalmic triage, and there is a potential utility of these tools in aiding patients or triage staff; however, they are not a replacement for professional ophthalmic evaluation or advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation contributes to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) formation in patients with aSAH after endovascular treatment. The relationship between systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) as an inflammatory marker and DVT formation remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the association between SII and aSAH-associated DVT following endovascular treatment. We enrolled 562 consecutive patients with aSAH after endovascular treatment at three centers from January 2019 to September 2021. The endovascular treatments included simple coil embolization and stent-assisted coil embolization. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was assessed by Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish the model. We assessed the association of the SII, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and DVT by using restricted cubic spline (RCS). ASAH-associated DVT was found in 136 (24.20%) patients. Based on the multiple logistic regression analysis, the correlation was found between aSAH-associated DVT and elevated SII (fourth quartile) (adjusted odds ratio = 8.20 [95% confidence interval, 3.76–17.92]; p < 0.001 [p for trend < 0.001]), elevated NLR (fourth quartile) (adjusted odds ratio = 6.94 [95% confidence interval, 3.24–14.89]; p < 0.001 [p for trend < 0.001]), elevated SIRI (fourth quartile) (adjusted odds ratio = 4.82 [95% confidence interval, 2.36–9.84]; p < 0.001 [p for trend < 0.001]), and elevated PLR (fourth quartile) (adjusted odds ratio = 5.49 [95% confidence interval, 2.61–11.57]; p < 0.001 [p for trend < 0.001]). The increased SII was correlated with the formation of aSAH-associated DVT after endovascular treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, multicomponent rare-earth zirconate ceramics (Sm 0.2 Eu 0.2 Tb 0.2 Dy 0.2 Lu 0.2) 2 Zr 2 O 7 and (La 0.2 Eu 0.2 Gd 0.2 Yb 0.2 Y 0.2) 2 Zr 2 O 7 were synthesized via conventional sintering and reactive flash sintering, respectively. Single-phase (Sm 0.2 Eu 0.2 Tb 0.2 Dy 0.2 Lu 0.2) 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramics, with the defect fluorite structure, were successfully obtained via conventional sintering and reactive flash sintering, while secondary phase segregation and precipitation were observed only in conventionally-sintered (La 0.2 Eu 0.2 Gd 0.2 Yb 0.2 Y 0.2) 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramics. This study proposes that the critical electric field of reactive flash sintering introduces defects to soften the lattice, which not only improves the mass transportation, but also relieves the lattice stress induced by the atomic radius difference, resulting in the single-phase defect fluorite structure of (La 0.2 Eu 0.2 Gd 0.2 Yb 0.2 Y 0.2) 2 Zr 2 O 7. Thus, reactive flash sintering is an efficient route for synthesizing and developing novel multicomponent oxides that cannot be synthesized via conventional sintering due to pronounced lattice stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) is a well-known marker of systemic inflammation reflecting the body's inflammatory/immune state. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the SIRI on admission and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)-associated pneumonia and compare with other currently used bio-markers. We reviewed 562 successive patients with aneurysmal SAH who underwent endovascular treatment between January 2019 and September 2021. ASAH-associated pneumonia was diagnosed using the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. The SIRI on admission was calculated as monocyte count × neutrophil count / lymphocyte count. Multiple logistic regression models were used for data analysis. A total of 158 (28.11%) patients developed aSAH-associated pneumonia. Using the Multiple logistic regression analysis, a notable dose–response association was found between the elevated SIRI (fourth quartile) and aSAH-associated pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio = 6.759; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.280–13.930; p < 0.001 [p for trend < 0.001]). The SIRI (0.701, 95% CI: 0.653–0.749) presented a higher area under the curve (AUC) than systemic immune- inflammation index (SII) (0.669, 95% CI: 0.620–0.718) (p = 0.089); neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (0.665, 95% CI: 0.616–0.714) (p = 0.035) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (0.587, 95% CI: 0.534–0.641) (p < 0.001). A higher SIRI on admission was associated with aSAH-associated pneumonia, which may guide further clinical trials of prophylactic antibiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, cancer is a serious health problem. It is unfortunate that current anti-cancer strategies are insufficiently specific and damage the normal tissues. There's urgent need for development of new anti-cancer strategies. More recently, increasing attention has been paid to the new application of ferroptosis and nano materials in cancer research. Ferroptosis, a condition characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation, as a new programmed cell death mode, exists in the process of a number of diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative disease, cerebral hemorrhage, liver disease, and renal failure. There is growing evidence that inducing ferroptosis has proven to be an effective strategy against a variety of chemo-resistant cancer cells. Nano-drug delivery system based on nanotechnology provides a highly promising platform with the benefits of precise control of drug release and reduced toxicity and side effects. This paper reviews the latest advances of combination therapy strategies based on biomedical nanotechnology induced ferroptosis for cancer therapeutics. Given the new chances and challenges in this emerging area, we need more attention to the combination of nanotechnology and ferroptosis in the treatment of cancer in the future. [Display omitted] • Current anti-cancer strategies are lack of specificity and damage normal tissues. • Ferroptosis is an effective strategy against chemo-resistant cancer cells. • Nanotechnology provides of precise control of drug release and reduced toxicity. • Combination therapy based on ferroptosis-induced nano-DDS brings enhanced antitumor effect and has satisfactory safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devasting neurological disease in premature newborns. After GMH, brain iron overload associated with hemoglobin degradation contributed to oxidative stress, causing disruption of the already vulnerable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT), a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is crucial in maintaining cellular iron homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effect of FTMT upregulation on oxidative stress and BBB disruption associated with brain iron overload in rats. A total of 222 Sprague-Dawley neonatal rat pups (7 days old) were used to establish a collagenase-induced GMH model and an iron-overload model of intracerebral FeCl 2 injection. Deferiprone was administered via gastric lavage 1 h after GMH and given daily until euthanasia. FTMT CRISPR Knockout and adenovirus (Ad)-FTMT were administered intracerebroventricularly 48 h before GMH and FeCl 2 injection, respectively. Neurobehavioral tests, immunofluorescence, Western blot, Malondialdehyde measurement, and brain water content were performed to evaluate neurobehavior deficits, oxidative stress, and BBB disruption, respectively. The results demonstrated that brain expressions of iron exporter Ferroportin (FPN) and antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as well as BBB tight junction proteins including Claudin-5 and Zona Occulta (ZO)-1 were found to be decreased at 72 h after GMH. FTMT agonist Deferiprone attenuated oxidative stress and preserved BBB tight junction proteins after GMH. These effects were partially reversed by FTMT CRISPR Knockout. Iron overload by FeCl 2 injection resulted in oxidative stress and BBB disruption, which were improved by Ad-FTMT mediated FTMT overexpression. Collectively, FTMT upregulation is neuroprotective against brain injury associated with iron overload. Deferiprone reduced oxidative stress and BBB disruption by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis partially by the upregulating of FTMT after GMH. Deferiprone may be an effective treatment for patients with GMH. [Display omitted] • FTMT agonism Deferiprone reduced oxidative stress and BBB disruption after GMH. • FTMT upregulation improved neurobehavior deficits induced by iron overload. • FTMT upregulation attenuated oxidative stress and BBB disruption induced by iron overload. • FTMT upregulation decreased brain injury by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Simulation of peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading with PV and electric vehicles. • Uni-directional EV chargers (V1G) and bi-directional chargers (V2H, V2G) compared. • Case study of 50 households, simulated for a week in different seasons. • P2P can achieve reduced household bills, greater energy independence. • Combination of P2P with V2H achieves significantly greater benefits than either in isolation. Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading enables households to trade electricity with one another, rather than just with their supplier. This can help to incentivise the shifting of electrical loads to align with local renewable generation, which leads to decreased dependence on grid electricity and can bring financial savings for households. P2P is expected to be particularly suitable to complement embedded PV generation and electrical vehicles (EVs), two key technologies for grid decarbonisation. In this work we simulate P2P energy sharing for a local microgrid of 50 households with PV and EV ownership at various penetrations. In particular, we consider the merits of P2P in combination with uni-directional EV chargers ('V1G), and with chargers that can discharge EV battery energy to the home ('V2H') or the grid ('V2G'); we also consider the use of community energy storage ('CES') as an alternative to storage of energy in EV batteries. We simulate the interactions of the households with the P2P energy market over one week, for each of three seasons, and evaluate the microgrid's energy independence and the financial savings for households. Results suggest that P2P trading with V1G can effect an increase in shared energy, modest improvements to microgrid self-sufficiency, and improvements to household bills. However, the combination of P2P with V2H brings advantages substantially greater than either innovation individually. The typical household can save approaching £100/a (compared to an average bill of ca. £540 with no P2P), with savings exceeding £200/a in some situations. Importantly, we find that the P2P can achieve savings regardless of technology penetration, and furthermore, all types of household can benefit, including households that own both PV and EV. Under the market mechanism considered, we find only negligible impact for allowing V2G in addition to V2H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Thermal process effects on the magnetic and electrical behaviors of 0.8BF–0.2BT were studied. • The quenching process leads to the reduction in the magnetization. • The extrinsic factors play a main role in the improvement of the magnetic properties. Thermal process effects on the magnetic and electrical behaviors of 0.8BiFeO 3 –0.2BaTiO 3 were studied. The furnace cooled specimen has large remnant magnetization M r of 0.76 emu/g, along with the low insulation, high loss tangent and added un-intrinsic dielectric anomalies. The quenched specimen exhibits small M r (0.20 emu/g), accompanied by the high insulation, reduced loss tangent and intrinsic polarization responses. The corresponding remnant polarization P r , coercive field E c and maximum strain are 12.8 μC/cm2, 42.0 kV/cm and 0.033%, respectively. The extrinsic factors that induce low insulation and non-intrinsic electrical properties have an opposite effect on the magnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new hybrid wind speed forecasting framework is proposed. • A novel secondary decomposition method is proposed. • The binary-coded genetic algorithm is presented to select the input features for the GMDH network. • A group of experiments are provided to validate the proposed hybrid model. High precision wind speed forecasting plays an important role in the process of wind power conversion. In the study, a hybrid wind speed forecasting structure is proposed based on signal decomposition, feature selection and GMDH network. Several decomposition methods including the ensemble empirical mode decomposition, the wavelet packet decomposition, and two novel secondary decomposition method are utilized to decompose the original wind speed into several subseries, respectively. The binary-coded genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize the input features and arrange the input-output structure for the built predictors. The selected variables are put into the GMDH network to build the forecasting model for each subseries. According to the comparison results over 1-step to 6-step predictions, it can be concluded that the proposed models can get satisfactory results in wind speed forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noninvasive extracellular pH (pH e ) mapping with Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS) using MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has been demonstrated on 3T clinical MR scanners at 8 × 8 × 10  mm 3 spatial resolution and applied to study various liver cancer treatments. Although pH e imaging at higher resolution can be achieved by extending the acquisition time, a postprocessing method to increase the resolution is preferable, to minimize the duration spent by the subject in the MR scanner. In this work, we propose to improve the spatial resolution of pH e mapping with BIRDS by incorporating anatomical information in the form of multiparametric MRI and using an unsupervised deep-learning technique, Deep Image Prior (DIP). Specifically, we used high-resolution T 1 , T 2 , and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MR images of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors as inputs to a U-Net architecture to provide anatomical information. U-Net parameters were optimized to minimize the difference between the output super-resolution image and the experimentally acquired low-resolution pH e image using the mean-absolute error. In this way, the super-resolution pH e image would be consistent with both anatomical MR images and the low-resolution pH e measurement from the scanner. The method was developed based on data from 49 rabbits implanted with VX2 liver tumors. For evaluation, we also acquired high-resolution pH e images from two rabbits, which were used as ground truth. The results indicate a good match between the spatial characteristics of the super-resolution images and the high-resolution ground truth, supported by the low pixelwise absolute error., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: Family history is one of the strongest risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) while studies about the clinical phenotype of familial IBD are limited. This study aimed to compare the phenotypic features of familial Crohn's disease (CD) with sporadic CD., Methods: Familial CD was defined as CD patients having one or more first, second, third, fourth degree, or above relatives with CD. Sporadic CD patients hospitalized during the same period were matched 1:3 by age and gender. Differences in clinical characteristics, phenotype distribution, extraintestinal manifestations, and complications at diagnosis, as well as treatment regimen and surgery, were compared between familial and sporadic CD., Results: The familial CD was associated with a higher rate of past appendectomy history (P = 0.009), more intestinal perforation at onset (P = 0.012), more MRI results of anal lesion (P = 0.023), and gastrointestinal perforation (P = 0.040) at diagnosis, higher rate of past intestinal surgery history (P = 0.007), more number of intestinal surgeries (P = 0.037), longer duration of follow-up (P = 0.017), lower rate of taking biologicals for current maintenance (P = 0.043), lower tendency to upgrade to biologicals during follow-up (P = 0.013), higher possibility to experience gastrointestinal obstruction (P = 0.047), and abdominal abscess during follow-up (P = 0.045)., Conclusion: Familial CD is associated with a more aggressive clinical phenotype., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels are an attractive class of soft materials for biomedical applications when biocompatibility is a key requirement as they exploit the physical self-assembly of short self-assembling peptides avoiding the need for chemical cross-linking. Based on the knowledge developed through our previous work, we designed two novel peptides, E (FKFE) 2 and K (FEFK) 2 , that form transparent hydrogels at pH 7. We characterized the phase behavior of these peptides and showed the clear link that exists between the charge carried by the peptides and the physical state of the samples. We subsequently demonstrate the cytocompatibility of the hydrogel and its suitability for 3D cell culture using 3T3 fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells. We then loaded the hydrogels with two polymers, poly-l-lysine and dextran. When polymer and peptide fibers carry opposite charges, the size of the elemental fibril formed decreases, while the overall level of fiber aggregation and fiber bundle formation increases. This overall network topology change, and increase in cross-link stability and density, leads to an overall increase in the hydrogel mechanical properties and stability, i.e., resistance to swelling when placed in excess media. Finally, we investigate the diffusion of the polymers out of the hydrogels and show how electrostatic interactions can be used to control the release of large molecules. The work clearly shows how polymers can be used to tailor the properties of peptide hydrogels through guided intermolecular interactions and demonstrates the potential of these new soft hydrogels for use in the biomedical field in particular for delivery or large molecular payloads and cells as well as scaffolds for 3D cell culture.

Electrochemically converting carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into valuable fuels and renewable chemical feedstocks is considered a highly promising approach to achieve carbon neutrality. In this work, a robust interfacial built-in electric field (BEF) has been successfully designed and created in Bi/Bi 2 Te 3 nanowires (NWs). The Bi/Bi 2 Te 3 NWs consistently maintain over 90% Faradaic efficiency (FE) within a wide potential range (-0.8 to -1.2 V), with HCOOH selectivity reaching 97.2% at -1.0 V. Moreover, the FE HCOOH of Bi/Bi 2 Te 3 NWs can still reach 94.3% at a current density of 100 mA cm -2 when it is used as a cathode electrocatalyst in a flow-cell system. Detailed in situ experiments confirm that the presence of interfacial BEF between Bi and Bi/Bi 2 Te 3 promotes the formation of *OHCO intermediates, thus facilitating the production of HCOOH species. DFT calculations show that Bi/Bi 2 Te 3 NWs increase the formation energies of H* and *COOH while reducing the energy barrier for *OCHO formation, thus achieving a bidirectional optimization of intermediate adsorption. This work provides a feasible scheme for exploring electrocatalytic reaction intermediates by using the BEF strategy.

Three-dimensional (3D) organoid models have been instrumental in understanding molecular mechanisms responsible for many cellular processes and diseases. However, established organic biomaterial scaffolds used for 3D hydrogel cultures, such as Matrigel, are biochemically complex and display significant batch variability, limiting reproducibility in experiments. Recently, there has been significant progress in the development of synthetic hydrogels for in vitro cell culture that are reproducible, mechanically tuneable, and biocompatible. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs) are synthetic biomaterials that can be engineered to be compatible with 3D cell culture. Here we investigate the ability of PeptiGel® SAPHs to model the mammary epithelial cell (MEC) microenvironment in vitro. The positively charged PeptiGel®Alpha4 supported MEC viability, but did not promote formation of polarised acini. Modifying the stiffness of PeptiGel® Alpha4 stimulated changes in MEC viability and changes in protein expression associated with altered MEC function, but did not fully recapitulate the morphologies of MECs grown in Matrigel. To supply the appropriate biochemical signals for MEC organoids, we supplemented PeptiGels® with laminin. Laminin was found to require negatively charged PeptiGel® Alpha7 for functionality, but was then able to provide appropriate signals for correct MEC polarisation and expression of characteristic proteins. Thus, optimisation of SAPH composition and mechanics allows tuning to support tissue-specific organoids., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Manchester Biogel in part funded this research through a PhD studentship to the lead author (EL). Aline Miller and Alberto Saiani were shareholders, directors, and consultants for Manchester Biogel., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To characterize DNA methylation (DNAm) differences between sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy control (HC) individuals enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI)., Methods: Using whole blood, we characterized longitudinal differences in DNAm between sporadic PD patients (n = 196) and HCs (n = 86) enrolled in PPMI. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was used to conduct gene expression analyses for genes mapped to differentially methylated cytosine-guanine sites (CpGs)., Results: At the time of patient enrollment, 5,178 CpGs were differentially methylated (2,683 hypermethylated and 2,495 hypomethylated) in PD compared to HC. Of these, 579 CpGs underwent significant methylation changes over 3 years. Several differentially methylated CpGs were found near the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 (CYP2E1) gene. Additionally, multiple hypermethylated CpGs were associated with the N-myc downregulated gene family member 4 (NDRG4) gene. RNA-Seq analyses showed 75 differentially expressed genes in PD patients compared to controls. An integrative analysis of both differentially methylated sites and differentially expressed genes revealed 20 genes that exhibited hypomethylation concomitant with overexpression. Additionally, 1 gene, cathepsin H (CTSH), displayed hypermethylation that was associated with its decreased expression., Interpretation: We provide initial evidence of alterations in DNAm in blood of PD patients that may serve as potential epigenetic biomarker of disease. To evaluate the significance of these changes throughout the progression of PD, additional profiling at longer intervals and during the prodromal stages of disease will be necessary. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1162-1172., (© 2024 The Authors. Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.)

Introduction: Acute kidney injury is associated with worse outcomes after cardiac surgery. The haemodynamic goals to ameliorate kidney injury are not clear. Low post-operative renal perfusion pressure has been associated with acute kidney injury in adults. Inadequate oxygen delivery may also cause kidney injury. This study evaluates pressure and oximetric haemodynamics after paediatric cardiac surgery and their association with acute kidney injury., Materials and Methods: Retrospective case-control study at a children's hospital. Patients were < 6 months of age who underwent a Society of Thoracic Surgery-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery categories ≥ 3. Low renal perfusion pressure was time and depth below several tested thresholds. The primary outcome was serum creatine-defined acute kidney injury in the first 7 days., Results: Sixty-six patients (median age 8 days) were included. Acute kidney injury occurred in 36%. The time and depth of renal perfusion pressure < 42 mmHg in the first 24 hours was greater in acute kidney injury patients (94 versus 35 mmHg*minutes of low renal perfusion pressure/hour, p = 0.008). In the multivariable model, renal perfusion pressure < 42 mmHg was associated with acute kidney injury (aOR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.25-3.82, p = 0.009). Mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and measures of inadequate oxygen delivery were not associated with acute kidney injury., Conclusion: Periods of low renal perfusion pressure (<42 mmHg) in the first 24 post-operative hours are associated with acute kidney injury. Renal perfusion pressure is a potential modifiable target that may mitigate the impact of acute kidney injury after paediatric cardiac surgery.

Based on empirical analysis of 113 climate disasters affecting 3563 listed firms across 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022, as documented in the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), this study employs event study and multiple regression to explore the impact of proactive green innovation on firm climate resilience. By categorizing proactive green innovation into process and product innovation and climate resilience into short-term and long-term resilience, a proactive green innovation-firm climate resilience 2 × 2 matrix is constructed to provide innovative insights. This study reveals that proactive green innovation enhances firm climate resilience. Specifically, proactive green process innovation both enhances short-term and long-term climate resilience, while proactive green product innovation only enhances long-term rather than short-term climate resilience. Furthermore, climate disaster has inverted U-shaped interaction effect on the relationship between proactive green innovation and short-term climate resilience and U-shaped interaction effect on the relationship between proactive green innovation and long-term climate resilience. Additionally, this study also investigates the heterogeneous mechanisms of proactive green innovation enhancing short-term and long-term climate resilience based on network embeddedness theory and legitimacy theory., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe subtype of stroke with poor outcomes. Abnormal glucose metabolism often occurs after SAH, but the strict control of blood glucose levels is not always beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G), an intermediate of glucose/glycogen metabolism, and its receptor P2Y14 (P2Y purinoceptor 14) to SAH pathology and explored the potential targeted treatments in rats., Methods: A total of 218 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. Brain expressions of P2Y14, uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G), and its converting enzyme UGP2 (UDP-G pyrophosphorylase-2) were evaluated. Exogenous UDP-G or selective P2Y14 inhibitor was administered intranasally at 1 hour after SAH to explore their potential effects. Intranasal Ugp2 or P2ry14 siRNA was delivered 24 hours before SAH for mechanistic evaluation. Primary neuron culture and hemoglobin stimulation were used as in vitro model of SAH. Post-SAH evaluation included liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of brain endogenous UDP-G level, neurobehavioral assessments, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and Nissl staining., Results: There was an acute elevation of endogenous brain UDP-G and UGP2 after SAH, and P2Y14 was expressed in neurons. Although P2Y14 inhibitor decreased neurological dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, and proapoptotic molecules, exogenous UDP-G exacerbated these outcomes at 24 hours after SAH. Early inhibition of P2Y14 preserved long-term neuronal survival in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex with improved neurocognition and depressive-like behavior. In addition, in vivo knockdown of Ugp2 - and P2ry14 -reduced neurological deficits and proapoptotic molecules at 24 hours after SAH, and furthermore in vitro knockdown of P2ry14 -reduced apoptosis in hemoglobin stimulated primary neuron., Conclusions: These findings suggest a detrimental role of brain UDP-G/P2Y14 signaling in SAH, as a part of glucose metabolic pathology at the tissue level. P2Y14 inhibitor 4-[4-(4-piperidinyl)phenyl]-7-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid hydrochloride may serve as a potential therapeutic target in treating patients with SAH., Competing Interests: Disclosures None.