230 results on '"Julien Martin"'
Search Results
202. The phage gene wmk is a candidate for male killing by a bacterial endosymbiont.
- Author
-
Jessamyn I Perlmutter, Sarah R Bordenstein, Robert L Unckless, Daniel P LePage, Jason A Metcalf, Tom Hill, Julien Martinez, Francis M Jiggins, and Seth R Bordenstein
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Wolbachia are the most widespread maternally-transmitted bacteria in the animal kingdom. Their global spread in arthropods and varied impacts on animal physiology, evolution, and vector control are in part due to parasitic drive systems that enhance the fitness of infected females, the transmitting sex of Wolbachia. Male killing is one common drive mechanism wherein the sons of infected females are selectively killed. Despite decades of research, the gene(s) underlying Wolbachia-induced male killing remain unknown. Here using comparative genomic, transgenic, and cytological approaches in fruit flies, we identify a candidate gene in the eukaryotic association module of Wolbachia prophage WO, termed WO-mediated killing (wmk), which transgenically causes male-specific lethality during early embryogenesis and cytological defects typical of the pathology of male killing. The discovery of wmk establishes new hypotheses for the potential role of phage genes in sex-specific lethality, including the control of arthropod pests and vectors.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
203. Zombie Theory, a Reader, sous la direction de Sarah Juliet Lauro
- Author
-
Julien Martins
- Subjects
Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
204. Wolbachia Blocks Viral Genome Replication Early in Infection without a Transcriptional Response by the Endosymbiont or Host Small RNA Pathways.
- Author
-
Stephanie M Rainey, Julien Martinez, Melanie McFarlane, Punita Juneja, Peter Sarkies, Aleksei Lulla, Esther Schnettler, Margus Varjak, Andres Merits, Eric A Miska, Francis M Jiggins, and Alain Kohl
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia can protect insects against viral infection, and is being introduced into mosquito populations in the wild to block the transmission of arboviruses that infect humans and are a major public health concern. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this antiviral protection, we have developed a new model system combining Wolbachia-infected Drosophila melanogaster cell culture with the model mosquito-borne Semliki Forest virus (SFV; Togaviridae, Alphavirus). Wolbachia provides strong antiviral protection rapidly after infection, suggesting that an early stage post-infection is being blocked. Wolbachia does appear to have major effects on events distinct from entry, assembly or exit as it inhibits the replication of an SFV replicon transfected into the cells. Furthermore, it causes a far greater reduction in the expression of proteins from the 3' open reading frame than the 5' non-structural protein open reading frame, indicating that it is blocking the replication of viral RNA. Further to this separation of the replicase proteins and viral RNA in transreplication assays shows that uncoupling of viral RNA and replicase proteins does not overcome Wolbachia's antiviral activity. This further suggests that replicative processes are disrupted, such as translation or replication, by Wolbachia infection. This may occur by Wolbachia mounting an active antiviral response, but the virus did not cause any transcriptional response by the bacterium, suggesting that this is not the case. Host microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in protection, but again we found that host cell miRNA expression was unaffected by the bacterium and neither do our findings suggest any involvement of the antiviral siRNA pathway. We conclude that Wolbachia may directly interfere with early events in virus replication such as translation of incoming viral RNA or RNA transcription, and this likely involves an intrinsic (as opposed to an induced) mechanism.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
205. L’emploi des seniors au Japon : un état des lieux du contexte et des pratiques
- Author
-
Julien Martine
- Subjects
Employment of older workers ,Japanese companies ,HRM ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The population aging experienced by mature economies raises the question of the employment of seniors. In Japan, where the financial imbalance of public pension systems continues to increase, the question of the preservation of this category of employees in activity is a major challenge for both the government and businesses. The first part of the article focuses on the incentive effect of the Japanese environment with regard to the issue of employment of seniors. The author studies the influence of socio-cultural context, legal framework of labor and social protection system on the extension of working life. The second part presents the practices developed by Japanese companies for the purpose of managing late careers.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
206. Correction: Wolbachia in European Populations of the Invasive Pest Drosophila suzukii: Regional Variation in Infection Frequencies.
- Author
-
Julien Cattel, Rupinder Kaur, Patricia Gibert, Julien Martinez, Antoine Fraimout, Francis Jiggins, Thibault Andrieux, Stefanos Siozios, Gianfranco Anfora, Wolfgang Miller, Omar Rota-Stabelli, and Laurence Mouton
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Wolbachia in European Populations of the Invasive Pest Drosophila suzukii: Regional Variation in Infection Frequencies.
- Author
-
Julien Cattel, Rupinder Kaur, Patricia Gibert, Julien Martinez, Antoine Fraimout, Francis Jiggins, Thibault Andrieux, Stefanos Siozios, Gianfranco Anfora, Wolfgang Miller, Omar Rota-Stabelli, and Laurence Mouton
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is characterized by a specific fresh-fruit targeting behavior and has quickly become a menace for the fruit economy of newly infested North American and European regions. D. suzukii carries a strain of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, named wSuz, which has a low infection frequency and no reproductive manipulation capabilities in American populations of D. suzukii. To further understand the nature of wSuz biology and assess its utility as a tool for controlling this pest's populations, we investigated the prevalence of Wolbachia in 23 European D. suzukii populations, and compared our results with those available in American populations. Our data showed a highly variable infection frequency with a mean prevalence of 46%, which is significantly higher than the 17% found in American populations. Based on Multilocus Sequence Typing analysis, a single wSuz strain was diagnosed in all European populations of D. suzukii. In agreement with American data, we found no evidence of cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by wSuz. These findings raise two questions: a) why Wolbachia is maintained in field populations of D. suzukii and b) what are the selective forces responsible for the variation in prevalence within populations, particularly between European and American continents? Our results provide new insights into the D. suzukii-Wolbachia association and highlight regional variations that await further investigation and that should be taken into account for using Wolbachia-based pest management programs.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
208. Should Symbionts Be Nice or Selfish? Antiviral Effects of Wolbachia Are Costly but Reproductive Parasitism Is Not.
- Author
-
Julien Martinez, Suzan Ok, Sophie Smith, Kiana Snoeck, Jon P Day, and Francis M Jiggins
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Symbionts can have mutualistic effects that increase their host's fitness and/or parasitic effects that reduce it. Which of these strategies evolves depends in part on the balance of their costs and benefits to the symbiont. We have examined these questions in Wolbachia, a vertically transmitted endosymbiont of insects that can provide protection against viral infection and/or parasitically manipulate its hosts' reproduction. Across multiple symbiont strains we find that the parasitic phenotype of cytoplasmic incompatibility and antiviral protection are uncorrelated. Strong antiviral protection is associated with substantial reductions in other fitness-related traits, whereas no such trade-off was detected for cytoplasmic incompatibility. The reason for this difference is likely that antiviral protection requires high symbiont densities but cytoplasmic incompatibility does not. These results are important for the use of Wolbachia to block dengue virus transmission by mosquitoes, as natural selection to reduce these costs may lead to reduced symbiont density and the loss of antiviral protection.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. Heart rate and energy expenditure of incubating wandering albatrosses: basal levels, natural variation, and the effects of human disturbance
- Author
-
Geraldine Mabille, Julien Martin, Scott A. Shaffer, Henri Weimerskirch, Jean Louis Rouanet, and Olivier Boutard
- Subjects
Male ,Physiology ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Chronobiology Disorders ,Natural variation ,Natural field ,Birds ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Oxygen Consumption ,Sex Factors ,Animal science ,Heart Rate ,Heart rate ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Incubation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,Body Weight ,Age Factors ,Environment, Controlled ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Energy expenditure ,Insect Science ,Basal metabolic rate ,Metabolic rate ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Basal Metabolism ,Energy Metabolism - Abstract
SUMMARYWe studied the changes in heart rate (HR) associated with metabolic rate of incubating and resting adult wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) on the Crozet Islands. Metabolic rates of resting albatrosses fitted with external HR recorders were measured in a metabolic chamber to calibrate the relationship between HR and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) (V̇O2=0.074×HR+0.019, r2=0.567, P
210. Autonomous Pareto Front Scanning using a Multi-Agent System for Multidisciplinary Optimization
- Author
-
Julien Martin, Jean-Pierre Georgé, Marie-Pierre Gleizes, Mickaël Meunier, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, SNECMA Villaroche [Moissy-Cramayel], Safran Group, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), SAFRAN (FRANCE), Société nationale d'étude et de constructions de moteurs d'avion - SNECMA (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
- Subjects
Multi-objective optimization ,[INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA] ,Adaptive multi-agent system ,Système multi-agents ,Pareto front - Abstract
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) problems can have a unique objective or be multi-objective. In this paper, we are interested in MDO problems having at least two conflicting objectives. This characteristic ensures the existence of a set of compromise solutions called Pareto front. We treat those MDO problems like Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) problems. Actual MOO methods suffer from certain limitations, especially the necessity for their users to adjust various parameters. These adjustments can be challenging, requiering both disciplinary and optimization knowledge. We propose the use of the Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems technology in order to automatise the Pareto front obtention. ParetOMAS (Pareto Optimization Multi-Agent System) is designed to scan Pareto fronts efficiently, autonomously or interactively. Evaluations on several academic and industrial test cases are provided to validate our approach.
211. Symbionts commonly provide broad spectrum resistance to viruses in insects: a comparative analysis of Wolbachia strains.
- Author
-
Julien Martinez, Ben Longdon, Simone Bauer, Yuk-Sang Chan, Wolfgang J Miller, Kostas Bourtzis, Luis Teixeira, and Francis M Jiggins
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
In the last decade, bacterial symbionts have been shown to play an important role in protecting hosts against pathogens. Wolbachia, a widespread symbiont in arthropods, can protect Drosophila and mosquito species against viral infections. We have investigated antiviral protection in 19 Wolbachia strains originating from 16 Drosophila species after transfer into the same genotype of Drosophila simulans. We found that approximately half of the strains protected against two RNA viruses. Given that 40% of terrestrial arthropod species are estimated to harbour Wolbachia, as many as a fifth of all arthropods species may benefit from Wolbachia-mediated protection. The level of protection against two distantly related RNA viruses--DCV and FHV--was strongly genetically correlated, which suggests that there is a single mechanism of protection with broad specificity. Furthermore, Wolbachia is making flies resistant to viruses, as increases in survival can be largely explained by reductions in viral titer. Variation in the level of antiviral protection provided by different Wolbachia strains is strongly genetically correlated to the density of the bacteria strains in host tissues. We found no support for two previously proposed mechanisms of Wolbachia-mediated protection--activation of the immune system and upregulation of the methyltransferase Dnmt2. The large variation in Wolbachia's antiviral properties highlights the need to carefully select Wolbachia strains introduced into mosquito populations to prevent the transmission of arboviruses.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
212. Previous exposure to an RNA virus does not protect against subsequent infection in Drosophila melanogaster.
- Author
-
Ben Longdon, Chuan Cao, Julien Martinez, and Francis M Jiggins
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundImmune priming has been shown to occur in a wide array of invertebrate taxa, with individuals exposed to a pathogen showing increased protection upon subsequent exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying immune priming are poorly understood. The antiviral RNAi response in Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal candidate for providing a specific and acquired response to subsequent infection. We exposed D. melanogaster to two challenges of a virus known to produce an antiviral RNAi response, to examine whether any protective effects of prior exposure on survival were observed.ResultsIn this experiment we found no evidence that prior exposure to Drosophila C Virus (DCV) protects flies from a subsequent lethal challenge, with almost identical levels of mortality in flies previously exposed to DCV or a control.ConclusionsOur results confirm the finding that 'acquired' immune responses are not ubiquitous across all invertebrate-pathogen interactions. We discuss why we may have observed no effect in this study, with focus on the mechanistic basis of the RNAi pathway.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
213. Wolbachia variants induce differential protection to viruses in Drosophila melanogaster: a phenotypic and phylogenomic analysis.
- Author
-
Ewa Chrostek, Marta S P Marialva, Sara S Esteves, Lucy A Weinert, Julien Martinez, Francis M Jiggins, and Luis Teixeira
- Subjects
Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Wolbachia are intracellular bacterial symbionts that are able to protect various insect hosts from viral infections. This tripartite interaction was initially described in Drosophila melanogaster carrying wMel, its natural Wolbachia strain. wMel has been shown to be genetically polymorphic and there has been a recent change in variant frequencies in natural populations. We have compared the antiviral protection conferred by different wMel variants, their titres and influence on host longevity, in a genetically identical D. melanogaster host. The phenotypes cluster the variants into two groups--wMelCS-like and wMel-like. wMelCS-like variants give stronger protection against Drosophila C virus and Flock House virus, reach higher titres and often shorten the host lifespan. We have sequenced and assembled the genomes of these Wolbachia, and shown that the two phenotypic groups are two monophyletic groups. We have also analysed a virulent and over-replicating variant, wMelPop, which protects D. melanogaster even better than the closely related wMelCS. We have found that a ~21 kb region of the genome, encoding eight genes, is amplified seven times in wMelPop and may be the cause of its phenotypes. Our results indicate that the more protective wMelCS-like variants, which sometimes have a cost, were replaced by the less protective but more benign wMel-like variants. This has resulted in a recent reduction in virus resistance in D. melanogaster in natural populations worldwide. Our work helps to understand the natural variation in wMel and its evolutionary dynamics, and inform the use of Wolbachia in arthropod-borne disease control.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
214. Influence of the virus LbFV and of Wolbachia in a host-parasitoid interaction.
- Author
-
Julien Martinez, Anne Duplouy, Megan Woolfit, Fabrice Vavre, Scott L O'Neill, and Julien Varaldi
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Symbionts are widespread and might have a substantial effect on the outcome of interactions between species, such as in host-parasitoid systems. Here, we studied the effects of symbionts on the outcome of host-parasitoid interactions in a four-partner system, consisting of the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi, its two hosts Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, the wasp virus LbFV, and the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. The virus is known to manipulate the superparasitism behavior of the parasitoid whereas some Wolbachia strains can reproductively manipulate and/or confer pathogen protection to Drosophila hosts. We used two nuclear backgrounds for both Drosophila species, infected with or cured of their respective Wolbachia strains, and offered them to L. boulardi of one nuclear background, either infected or uninfected by the virus. The main defence mechanism against parasitoids, i.e. encapsulation, and other important traits of the interaction were measured. The results showed that virus-infected parasitoids are less frequently encapsulated than uninfected ones. Further experiments showed that this viral effect involved both a direct protective effect against encapsulation and an indirect effect of superparasitism. Additionally, the Wolbachia strain wAu affected the encapsulation ability of its Drosophila host but the direction of this effect was strongly dependent on the presence/absence of LbFV. Our results confirmed the importance of heritable symbionts in the outcome of antagonistic interactions.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
215. Volatility in the small and in the large: The lack of diversification in international trade
- Author
-
Francis Kramarz, Isabelle Mejean, and Julien Martin
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Supply shock ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Diversification (finance) ,International trade ,International economics ,Demand shock ,Volatility swap ,0502 economics and business ,8. Economic growth ,Economics ,Portfolio ,Risk exposure ,050207 economics ,Volatility (finance) ,business ,Finance ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
How does international trade affect the risk exposure of firms and countries? Trade induces specialization, thus increasing economies' exposure to idiosyncratic supply shocks. But greater geographic diversification in trade destinations offers natural hedging properties against demand shocks. In this paper, we offer an integrated economic and econometric view of the impact of trade on firms and countries volatility. Exporters' volatility is shown to directly depend on the (lack of) diversification in their portfolio of clients. Indeed, most exporters, including the largest, have one or two main clients that dwarf the others. This structure of trade networks implies that individual exporters are strongly exposed to microeconomic demand shocks. The concentration of trade flows further implies that such risk does not wash out across firms, thus contributing to aggregate fluctuations.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
216. Theoretical background of optical emission spectroscopy for analysis of atmospheric pressure plasmas.
- Author
-
Thierry Belmonte, Cédric Noël, Thomas Gries, Julien Martin, and Gérard Henrion
- Subjects
PLASMA radiation ,ATMOSPHERIC pressure ,PLASMA gas research ,EMISSION spectroscopy ,ATOMIC spectroscopy - Abstract
This review contains a theoretical background of optical emission spectroscopy and some selected examples of issues in the field of atmospheric plasmas. It includes elements like line broadening, emission of continua and molecules, radiation models, etc. Modernized expressions figuring the terms hidden in global constants where cgs units prevail are given together with restrictions of use. Easy-to-use formulas are provided to give access to essential plasma parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
217. Study of the micro-discharges / metallic surfaces interactions for a better understanding of the growth mechanisms within the PEO process
- Author
-
Ntomprougkidis, Vitalios, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labex DAMAS, Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine, Gérard Henrion, Julien Martin, ANR-11-LABX-0008,DAMAS,Design des Alliages Métalliques pour Allègement des Structures(2011), UL, Thèses, and Laboratoires d'excellence - Labex - Design des Alliages Métalliques pour Allègement des Structures - - DAMAS2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0008 - LABX - VALID
- Subjects
Micro-discharges ,Micro-décharges ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,Plasma electrolytic oxidation ,[SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,Aluminium ,Couche d’oxyde ,[SPI.PLASMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Oxide coating ,Oxydation par plasma électrolytique ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials - Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an electrochemical surface processing technique that allows the growth of protective oxide films on lightweight metals (Al, Ti, Mg). Contrary to conventional anodising, PEO operates at high current density and voltage which results in the ignition of micro-discharges (MDs) over the processed surface The aim of this work was to investigate the characteristics of the MDs under different processing parameters and to correlate these characteristics with the microstructure of the produced oxide layers in order to better understand the oxide growth mechanisms. Firstly, PEO sequenced treatments were conducted by changing the electrical parameters in the course of a treatment. Results revealed a particular behaviour of the MDs which depends not only on the applied electrical parameters but also on the morphology of the growing layer. Results also evidenced an earlier transition to the beneficial “soft” sparking regime, contributing to a significant improvement of the microstructure of the oxide layer as well as process energy consumption. Time-resolved optical characterizations of the PEO process pointed out a correlation between ignition of MDs and the dynamic of the surrounding gas bubbles at the oxide / electrolyte interface. Particularly, results proved the existence of inner MDs during the “soft” sparking regime. Secondly, a multi-scale characterization of the typical “pancake” structure formed during the transition to the “soft” regime revealed the formation of a lamellar nanocomposite structure consisting of periodical alternations of alumina and metastable 1:1 mullite lamellae. Finally, two new opportunities for the PEO process were explored. The feasibility of duplex treatment involving cold-spray and PEO technologies was demonstrated and the possibility to produce metallic oxide (nano-) particles was proposed., Le procédé d’oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO) un procédé électrochimique de traitement de surface permettant d’élaborer des couches d’oxydes protectrices à la surface d’alliages métalliques légers (Al, Ti, Mg). Contrairement aux procédés d’anodisation, le procédé PEO utilise une densité de courant et une tension élevées qui donnent lieu au développement de micro-décharges (MDs) sur la surface traitée. L’objectif de cette étude était d’étudier les caractéristiques de ces MDs sous différentes conditions opératoires et de les corréler avec la microstructure des couches d’oxyde élaborées, pour in fine mieux comprendre les mécanismes de croissance. Tout d’abord, des traitements PEO séquencés ont été menés en changeant certains paramètres électriques en cours de traitement. Les résultats ont révélé un comportement particulier des MDs qui dépend non seulement des conditions électriques appliquées mais aussi de la morphologie de la couche en croissance. Les résultats ont également mis en évidence une transition anticipée vers le régime bénéfique de décharges « soft » contribuant ainsi à une amélioration significative de les microstructure de la couche d’oxyde et de la consommation énergétique du procédé PEO. Des mesures optiques résolues en temps ont permis d’établir une corrélation entre le développement des MDs et la dynamique des bulles de gaz à l’interface oxyde / électrolyte. Particulièrement, les résultats ont prouvé l’existence de MDs internes à la couche lors du régime de croissance « soft ». De plus, une caractérisation multi-échelle de la structure dite en « pancake », structure typique du régime «soft », a révélé la formation d’une structure lamellaire nanocomposite. Elle consiste en une alternance de lamelles d’alumine pure avec des lamelles de mullite 1 :1 métastable. Enfin, deux études prospectives ont été conduites autour du procédé PEO. La faisabilité de réaliser des traitements duplex combinant les procédés cold spray et PEO a été démontrée ainsi que la possibilité de produire des (nano-) particules d’oxyde métallique via le procédé PEO.
- Published
- 2020
218. Étude de l'interaction micro-décharges / surfaces métalliques pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de croissance lors du procédé PEO
- Author
-
Ntomprougkidis, Vitalios, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labex DAMAS, Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine, Gérard Henrion, Julien Martin, and ANR-11-LABX-0008,DAMAS,Design des Alliages Métalliques pour Allègement des Structures(2011)
- Subjects
Micro-discharges ,Micro-décharges ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,Plasma electrolytic oxidation ,[SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas ,Aluminium ,Couche d’oxyde ,Oxide coating ,Oxydation par plasma électrolytique ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials - Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an electrochemical surface processing technique that allows the growth of protective oxide films on lightweight metals (Al, Ti, Mg). Contrary to conventional anodising, PEO operates at high current density and voltage which results in the ignition of micro-discharges (MDs) over the processed surface The aim of this work was to investigate the characteristics of the MDs under different processing parameters and to correlate these characteristics with the microstructure of the produced oxide layers in order to better understand the oxide growth mechanisms. Firstly, PEO sequenced treatments were conducted by changing the electrical parameters in the course of a treatment. Results revealed a particular behaviour of the MDs which depends not only on the applied electrical parameters but also on the morphology of the growing layer. Results also evidenced an earlier transition to the beneficial “soft” sparking regime, contributing to a significant improvement of the microstructure of the oxide layer as well as process energy consumption. Time-resolved optical characterizations of the PEO process pointed out a correlation between ignition of MDs and the dynamic of the surrounding gas bubbles at the oxide / electrolyte interface. Particularly, results proved the existence of inner MDs during the “soft” sparking regime. Secondly, a multi-scale characterization of the typical “pancake” structure formed during the transition to the “soft” regime revealed the formation of a lamellar nanocomposite structure consisting of periodical alternations of alumina and metastable 1:1 mullite lamellae. Finally, two new opportunities for the PEO process were explored. The feasibility of duplex treatment involving cold-spray and PEO technologies was demonstrated and the possibility to produce metallic oxide (nano-) particles was proposed.; Le procédé d’oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO) un procédé électrochimique de traitement de surface permettant d’élaborer des couches d’oxydes protectrices à la surface d’alliages métalliques légers (Al, Ti, Mg). Contrairement aux procédés d’anodisation, le procédé PEO utilise une densité de courant et une tension élevées qui donnent lieu au développement de micro-décharges (MDs) sur la surface traitée. L’objectif de cette étude était d’étudier les caractéristiques de ces MDs sous différentes conditions opératoires et de les corréler avec la microstructure des couches d’oxyde élaborées, pour in fine mieux comprendre les mécanismes de croissance. Tout d’abord, des traitements PEO séquencés ont été menés en changeant certains paramètres électriques en cours de traitement. Les résultats ont révélé un comportement particulier des MDs qui dépend non seulement des conditions électriques appliquées mais aussi de la morphologie de la couche en croissance. Les résultats ont également mis en évidence une transition anticipée vers le régime bénéfique de décharges « soft » contribuant ainsi à une amélioration significative de les microstructure de la couche d’oxyde et de la consommation énergétique du procédé PEO. Des mesures optiques résolues en temps ont permis d’établir une corrélation entre le développement des MDs et la dynamique des bulles de gaz à l’interface oxyde / électrolyte. Particulièrement, les résultats ont prouvé l’existence de MDs internes à la couche lors du régime de croissance « soft ». De plus, une caractérisation multi-échelle de la structure dite en « pancake », structure typique du régime «soft », a révélé la formation d’une structure lamellaire nanocomposite. Elle consiste en une alternance de lamelles d’alumine pure avec des lamelles de mullite 1 :1 métastable. Enfin, deux études prospectives ont été conduites autour du procédé PEO. La faisabilité de réaliser des traitements duplex combinant les procédés cold spray et PEO a été démontrée ainsi que la possibilité de produire des (nano-) particules d’oxyde métallique via le procédé PEO.
- Published
- 2020
219. Conclusion
- Author
-
Melleray, Fabrice, École de Droit de Sciences Po (Sciences Po) (EdD), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), and Julien Martin
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law - Published
- 2019
220. La consécration de la liberté contractuelle dans le Code civil : une révolution ? »
- Author
-
Gahdoun, Pierre-Yves, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Comparatives cOnstitutionnelles et Politiques - EA 2037 (CERCOP), Université de Montpellier (UM), and Julien Martin
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
221. Les zones d'aménagement différé
- Author
-
Struillou, Jean-François, Droit et changement social (DCS), Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éditions Le Moniteur, Julien Martin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2019
222. Droit de délaissement
- Author
-
Struillou, Jean-François, Droit et changement social (DCS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Éditions Le Moniteur, Julien Martin, Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2019
223. Les réserves foncières
- Author
-
Struillou, Jean-François, Droit et changement social (DCS), Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éditions Le Moniteur, Julien Martin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2018
224. Espaces agricoles et naturels périurbains
- Author
-
Struillou, Jean-François, Droit et changement social (DCS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Éditions Le Moniteur, Julien Martin, Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2016
225. Conservatoire du littoral et des rivages lacustres
- Author
-
Struillou, Jean-François, Droit et changement social (DCS), Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éditions Le Moniteur, Julien Martin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2016
226. Concessions d'aménagement
- Author
-
Struillou, Jean-François, Droit et changement social (DCS), Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éditions Le Moniteur, Julien Martin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2016
227. Espaces naturels sensibles
- Author
-
Struillou, Jean-François, Droit et changement social (DCS), Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éditions Le Moniteur, Julien Martin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2016
228. Le droit constitutionnel des collectivités locales en Bulgarie et en Roumanie
- Author
-
Chiu, Victoria, Institut de Droit de l'Environnement (IDE), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Gilles J. Guglielmi, Julien Martin, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Chiu, Victoria
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2015
229. Micro-décharges en milieu électrolytique aqueux et leur interaction avec les matériaux : le cas du procédé d'oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO)
- Author
-
Nominé, Alexandre, UL, Thèses, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine, Gérard Henrion, and Julien Martin
- Subjects
Solutions d'électrolyte ,Technique des plasmas ,Micro-plasmas ,Fast video recording ,Growth mechanisms ,Mécanismes de croissance ,Métaux -- Revêtements protecteurs ,Décharges ,Oxide coatings ,Couche d’oxydes ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Oxidation ,Oxydation électrochimique ,Optical emission spectroscopy ,Aluminium ,Discharges ,Magnesium ,Décharges électriques ,Oxydation ,Spectroscopie d’émission optique ,Vidéo rapide - Abstract
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is a surface treatment of light metallic alloys (e.g Al, Mg, Ti) that makes possible to grow thick and hard oxide protective coating on those materials. To overcome the limitations of anodizing the PEO process takes benefit of anodic micro-discharges resulting from the dielectric breakdown in an aqueous electrolyte under a high applied current density or voltage (typ. 20 A/dm2; 700 V). Therefore this work aims first at studying both the macroscopic parameters (breakdown conditions, surface density, lifetime, size) of such micro-discharges and their behavior, and second to correlate these studies to the growth mechanisms of the oxide coatings within various electrical (applied current waveform) conditions and alkaline electrolyte composition. These coupled studies allowed us to evidence that the transition from arc regime to soft regime (previously determined) corresponds to the growth of a loose spongy silicon-rich phase which is likely amorphous, inside and around cracks of the pancake structures issued from the dielectric breakdown and composed of crystalline alumina. Meanwhile, analyses of combined PVD + PEO coatings lead us to improve our understanding of some breakdown mechanisms occurring during the PEO process, with a particular attention to the phenomena at the coating-substrate interface. Finally, a particular study of cathodic micro-discharges (unusually observed in PEO) allowed us to propose breakdown mechanisms of the dielectric layer during that negative half-period of the current. Besides it has been shown that those cathodic micro-discharges are detrimental to the layer growth though the cathodic half-period of the current is mandatory to improve the coating growth. It is therefore necessary to manage the current waveform to avoid creating such detrimental discharges, L’Oxydation par Plasma Electrolytique (PEO) est un procédé de traitement de surface des alliages métalliques légers (Al, Mg, Ti) qui permet de faire croître des couches protectrices d’oxydes épaisses et dures sur ces matériaux. Pour dépasser les limites de l’anodisation, le procédé PEO repose sur la génération de micro-décharges anodiques résultant du claquage de la couche diélectrique dans un électrolytique aqueux sous l’effet d’une densité de courant ou d’une différence de potentiel élevées (typ. 20 A/dm2 ; 700 V). Les objectifs de ce travail sont d’une part d’étudier les caractéristiques des micro-décharges (composition chimique, densité et température électronique) et leur comportement macroscopique (conditions d’amorçage, densité surfacique, taille, durée de vie), et d’autre part de corréler ces études aux mécanismes de croissance des couches d’oxydes dans différentes conditions électriques (forme du courant bipolaire pulsé) et de composition d’électrolytes alcalins. Ces études couplées ont permis notamment de mettre en évidence que le passage en régime d’autorégulation (précédemment identifié) s’accompagne de la croissance d’une couche spongieuse, vraisemblablement amorphe, autour et dans les fissures de structures composées d’alumine cristallisée et résultant des claquages diélectriques. De même, la caractérisation de couches traitées PVD + PEO a conduit à améliorer la compréhension de certains mécanismes de claquage intervenant dans le procédé PEO, et en particulier les processus à l’interface couche d’oxydes - substrat. Enfin, une étude spécifique des micro-décharges cathodiques (inhabituellement observées en PEO) a conduit à proposer des mécanismes de claquage de la couche diélectrique durant cette demi-période cathodique du courant. Il a en outre été montré que, bien que l’alternance négative du courant soit nécessaire pour améliorer la croissance des couches d’oxydes, les micro-décharges cathodiques ont un effet néfaste sur celle-ci. Il est ainsi nécessaire de contrôler la forme d’onde du courant appliqué afin d’éviter la génération de telles décharges
- Published
- 2014
230. Transferts et expérimentations de compétence dans le cadre du loi du 27 février 2002 : une (petite) pierre pour un (vaste) édifice
- Author
-
Kada, Nicolas, laboratoires juridiques, Centre de documentation, Gilles J. Guglielmi, Julien Martin, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Droit, l'Histoire et l'Administration Publique (CERDHAP), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Groupe de recherche sur l'administration locale en Europe (GIS-Grale), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law - Abstract
Ouvrage issu des travaux d'un colloque organisé par un comité scientifique composé de Lucie Cluzel-Métayer, Julien Martin et Olivier Renaudie dans le cadre du Master 2 Juriste Conseil des collectivités territoriales de l'université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas.; International audience; La démocratie de proximité consiste à rapprocher les citoyens avec le pouvoir territorial. Elle est la médiation administrative qui permet une meilleure représentation et (les services publics plus efficients. En 2002. le législateur a décidé de nommer une loi ainsi. A l'occasion du dixième anniversaire du texte. le professeur Gilles J. Guglielmi et Julien Martin ont organisé un colloque sur la question. Cet ouvrage reprend l'ensemble des contributions (lu colloque. permettant de bénéficier des points de vue de juristes reconnus en droit des collectivités territoriales et (le faire ainsi le bilan de la loi du 27 février 2002. Pour questionner ce bilan et ouvrir le texte de 2002 vers de nouvelles perspectives. le professeur Guglielmi et Julien Martin ont réuni d'autres contributeurs autour de l'approfondissement de la décentralisation qu'a permis cette loi. Aussi bien sur le plan des institutions que sur le plan des compétences. il apparaît que cette loi a eu des influences non négligeables sur des questions variées. depuis les finances publiques jusqu'aux pouvoirs (le police. en passant par l'intercommunalité, les expérimentations (le compétences ou la consultation dans les services publics locaux. L'ouvrage se conclut par un retour sur nue expérience pratique : les initiatives de démocratie de proximité menées par la commune de Gruissan (Aude). Dans un entretien. les responsables politiques et administratifs de la commune tracent eux aussi le bilan et les perspectives d'une notion toujours d'actualité.
- Published
- 2013
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.