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Die Finanzmarktregulierung PSD2 (Richtlinie 2015/2366) i.V.m. der RTS (Verordnung (EU) 2018/389) bildet den Auftakt von Open Banking in Europa. Die Regulierung bricht das Zah-lungskontenmonopol der Banken, da Drittdienstleistern bei Einverständnis der Kunden Zu-griff auf deren Daten gewährt werden muss. Dieser Zugriff erfolgt in der grossen Mehrheit per dedizierter API, welche als Vorläufer der Open Banking APIs gelten. Weiter werden im Sinne einer Vollharmonisierung europaweit die neuen Zahlungsdienstleister (AISP und PISP), die starke Kundenauthentifizierung, Informationspflichten sowie die Haftung reguliert. Die Umsetzung der Richtlinie in den Mitgliedstaaten erfolgte schleppend, so dass PSD2 inkl. RTS erst per Ende 2020 vollständig in Kraft getreten sein wird. Die Auswirkungen der Regu-lierung sind vielschichtig, da verschiedene Wertschöpfungsketten neu konzipiert werden und vermehrt Finanz-Ökosysteme im Zentrum stehen. Ebenso ereignet sich eine Strukturverän-derung der Payment-Branche hin zu einer Cashless World und Emerging Payment Rails. Die Schweiz muss PSD2 nicht umsetzen, jedoch besteht aufgrund der SEPA-Mitgliedschaft in verschiedenen Bereichen ein Äquivalenzerfordernis. Der Schweizer Finanzplatz ist gegen eine analoge Schweizer PSD2-Regulierung, da Open Banking marktorientiert zu erfolgen hat. Aus Gründen der Rechtssicherheit wäre eine analoge Schweizer Regulierung wie PSD2 jedoch zu empfehlen., The financial market regulation PSD2 (Directive 2015/2366) in conjunction with the RTS (Regulation (EU) 2018/389) marks the start of open banking in Europe. The regulation breaks the payment accounts monopoly of the banks, as third-party service providers must be granted access to their data with the consent of the customers. In the vast majority of cases, this access is provided via a dedicated API, which is a precursor to the open banking APIs. In addition, the new payment service providers (AISP and PISP), strong customer au-thentication, information obligations and liability are regulated throughout Europe in the inter-ests of full harmonization. Implementation of the directive in the member states has been slow, so that PSD2 including RTS will not be fully in force until the end of 2020. The effects of regulation are multi-layered, as various value chains are being redesigned and the focus is increasingly on financial ecosystems. There is also a structural change in the payment in-dustry towards a cashless world and emerging payment rails. Switzerland does not have to implement PSD2, but due to its SEPA membership there is an equivalence requirement in various areas. The Swiss financial center is against an analogous Swiss PSD2 regulation, since open banking must be market oriented. However, an analogous Swiss regulation like PSD2 would be recommended for reasons of legal certainty.

Submitted by Anna Barbara Alves Beraldine (annabarbara@unisinos.br) on 2021-08-25T13:46:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Fernandes_.pdf: 2376753 bytes, checksum: 89e21c5672b2d1f579e4db6139b06827 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-25T13:46:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Fernandes_.pdf: 2376753 bytes, checksum: 89e21c5672b2d1f579e4db6139b06827 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-08-13 BB - Banco do Brasil Uma das mais eficientes estratégias de combate ao crime organizado é o Follow the money, uma vez que o dinheiro é a alma de qualquer organização criminosa e cabe às instituições financeiras o papel de notificar autoridades públicas sempre que tomarem conhecimento de operações suspeitas. Estes setores são caracterizados com gatekeepers, em função de o Brasil adotar um sistema de colaboração compulsória entre o setor público e o privado. O sistema bancário tem vivido grande impacto do crescimento da mobilidade e convergência digital, impondo às instituições financeiras um novo desafio que diz respeito a uma das atividades mais difíceis de fazer virtualmente: certificar-se de que a pessoa do outro lado da rede é realmente quem ela diz ser. A regulamentação específica do Open Banking servirá de incentivo para os grandes players do setor buscarem parcerias com fintechs ou desenvolverem APIs públicas que facilitem a integração das plataformas digitais aos seus sistemas. Porém, possibilitar o compartilhamento de cadastros entre as instituições impõe a elas um novo desafio, uma vez que estas disrupções exigem uma maior complexidade dos regulamentos atuais e, justamente por sua contemporaneidade, aumentam a dificuldade de precisar os riscos relacionais, dificultando a missão de criação e aplicação de normas antilavagem. Desta forma, cabe a hipótese que move este estudo: o compartilhamento de dados bancários não pode fragilizar o processo de "Know your customer". Buscamos, ainda, detalhar os conceitos e as mudanças decorrentes do Open Banking pelo Sistema Financeiro Brasileiro, os métodos de controle e prevenção à lavagem de dinheiro aplicados pelas Instituições Bancárias e o impacto que a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados terá sobre a política de compartilhamento de dados proposta pelo Open Banking. O presente trabalho conduziu-se como uma pesquisa de campo, com abordagem exploratória e de natureza qualitativa, buscando a identificação dos riscos e sua mitigação, através da confecção de matriz de risco e aplicação do método 5W2H. Percebeu-se, após conclusão dos estudos, que a adoção do Open Banking, apesar de buscar simplificar e desburocratizar o sistema financeiro, não terá esse impacto no processo de análise e detecção dos indícios da lavagem de dinheiro; pelo contrário, requererá a adoção de medidas adicionais de controle. Porém, analisando cada um dos pontos de atenção em função da implementação do Open Banking, percebemos que nenhum dos cenários tendem a inviabilizar os procedimentos atuais de controle, devendo focar nos pontos de atenção detectados e nas medidas necessárias para sua mitigação, não podendo a instituição receptora de dados cadastrais, ao menos em um primeiro momento, abster-se de realizar medidas de dupla verificação para garantia da veracidade e integridade das informações compartilhadas. One of the most efficient strategies to fight organized crime is Follow the money, since money is the soul of any criminal organization, and financial institutions are responsible for notifying public authorities whenever they become aware of suspicious operations. These sectors are characterized as gatekeepers, as Brazil adopts a compulsory collaboration system between the public and private sectors, in which professionals and entities working in sectors most used by criminals to hide resources must notify public authorities. The banking system has experienced a great impact from the mobility and digital convergence growth, imposing a new challenge on financial institutions regarding one of the most difficult activities to do online: making sure that the person on the other side of the network is really who they say they are. The specific regulation of Open Banking will serve as an incentive for major players in the sector to seek partnerships with fintechs, or to develop public APIs that facilitate the integration of digital platforms to their systems – a new challenge for them, since these disruptions require a greater complexity of current regulations, and precisely because of their contemporaneity, it increases the difficulty of specifying relational risks, making the mission of creating and applying anti-washing standards even more difficult. Thus, the hypothesis that drives this study is: the sharing of bank data cannot weaken the "Know your customer" process. Also, we seek to detail the concepts and changes caused by Open Banking in Brazilian Financial System, the control and prevention methods of money laundering applied by Banking Institutions, and the impact that General Data Protection Law will have on sharing policy proposed by Open Banking. The present work was conducted as a field research, with an exploratory approach and a qualitative nature, seeking to identify risks and their mitigation, through the creation of a risk matrix and application of 5W2H method. It was noticed, after concluding the study, that the adoption of Open Banking, despite pursuing to simplify and reduce bureaucracy in financial system, will not have this impact on the analysis and detection process of any sign of money laundering. In contrast, it will require the adoption of additional measures of control. However, analyzing each one of the points of attention due to the implementation of Open Banking, we realize that none of the scenarios tend to make the current control procedures unfeasible, and attention must be paid to all the points detected and to necessary measures for their mitigation, in a way that the institution receiving registration data cannot be able to, at least initially, refrain from performing double verification measures to guarantee shared information veracity and integrity.

O presente estudo analisa o modelo de open banking no Brasil, em especial, a forma como foi normatizada a implementação das interfaces de compartilhamento de dados, as APIs. Para tanto, optou-se por estabelecer, no que tange especificamente as normas relativas às APIs, uma comparação entre os modelos de open banking nas jurisdições de Reino Unido, Singapura e Brasil. O problema da pesquisa consiste em verificar se as normas atinentes ao open banking nas jurisdições estudadas guardam relação com o direito concorrencial regulatório, noção elaborada por Dunne para distinguir o conjunto de características de caráter procedimental e substantivo comuns ao direito regulatório, mas que têm sido frequentemente assumidas pelo direito antitruste, quando ele é utilizado como substituto ou alternativa à regulação setorial. A hipótese inicial é de que a intervenção regulatória relativa às APIs se reveste das características atribuídas ao direito concorrencial regulatório. Para a comprovação da hipótese, analisam-se o cenário do mercado bancário em momentos que antecederam à proposição do open banking e os fatores que influenciaram a adoção dessa intervenção, o uso de tecnologia nesse segmento e como os recursos tecnológicos colaboram para o surgimento de novos modelos negociais. A partir desse quadro, busca-se conceituar o open banking e apresentar as justificativas dos reguladores para a sua adoção, bem como examinar a utilização das APIs como fundamento tecnológico para a consecução do open baking e os desdobramentos dessa prática. Feita essa análise, o estudo conclui que as normas relativas ao open banking aproximam-se, em maior ou menor grau, da teoria do direito concorrencial regulatório, a depender da jurisdição estudada. The present study analyzes the open banking model in Brazil, especially the way in which the implementation of data sharing interfaces, the APIs, has been regulated. For this purpose, it was decided to establish, specifically regarding the norms related to APIs, a comparison between the open banking models in the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Brazil. The research problem consists in verifying whether the rules concerning open banking in the studied jurisdictions are related to regulatory competition law, a notion elaborated by Dunne to distinguish the set of procedural and substantive characteristics common to regulatory law, but that has been frequently assumed by antitrust law, when it is used as a substitute or alternative to sectorial regulation. The initial hypothesis is that regulatory intervention regarding APIs bears the characteristics attributed to regulatory competition law. To prove this hypothesis, the scenario of the banking market in the moments prior to the proposition of open banking are analyzed, as well as the factors that influenced the adoption of this intervention, the use of technology in this segment and how technological resources collaborate to the emergence of new business models. From this framework, the present study seeks to conceptualize open banking and present the regulators' justifications for its adoption, as well as examine the use of APIs as a technological foundation for the achievement of open banking and the consequences of this practice. After this analysis, the study concludes that the rules relating to open banking come closer, to a greater or lesser extent, to the theory of regulatory competition law, depending on the studied jurisdiction.

Submitted by Anna Barbara Alves Beraldine (annabarbara@unisinos.br) on 2021-08-25T14:01:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiane Campigotto_.pdf: 765860 bytes, checksum: 39eb0bcbed4e847ceaae2f3a50426721 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-25T14:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiane Campigotto_.pdf: 765860 bytes, checksum: 39eb0bcbed4e847ceaae2f3a50426721 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-06-30 Nenhuma O open banking vai promover uma verdadeira revolução no mercado financeiro brasileiro. Com o uso de dados, produtos e serviços serão personalizados de acordo com as necessidades do consumidor, trazendo maior satisfação. Com mais concorrência, a busca por menores taxas de juros e descentralização do mercado de crédito serão factíveis. Além do alto investimento em tecnologia, vai ser exigido um reposicionamento das instituições financeiras em relação ao seu modelo de negócio, principalmente no que diz respeito à entrega de valor para o cliente. Assim, esta pesquisa buscou identificar como as cooperativas de Crédito podem se manter sustentáveis no mercado com a implantação do open banking no Brasil, mediante ações para agregar valor aos seus associados, através de um estudo de caso único. Na primeira etapa do estudo, foram coletados e analisados os dados de pesquisa aplicada junto aos colaboradores do Sicredi. Na etapa dois, foram analisados dados secundários de pesquisa realizada previamente pela Sicredi Serrana junto aos seus associados do segmento agro. O estudo identificou que praticamente metade dos colaboradores do Sicredi desconhecem ações de sua cooperativa ou do sistema Sicredi que estejam vinculadas a preparação para o open banking, que não sejam relacionadas à tecnologia. Isso justifica a busca por uma melhor comunicação com todos os níveis da empresa em relação à estratégia adotada. Há sinergia quanto as respostas das duas pesquisas no que diz respeito a soluções que possam ser oferecidas pelo Sicredi para melhorar a vida do produtor rural, o que demonstra entendimento da empresa das necessidades dos associados. Além disso, foi possível identificar atuação diferenciada da cooperativa de crédito que está se preparando para o open banking, que é o caso da Sicredi Serrana, que desde 2016 iniciou um trabalho diferenciado junto aos associados produtores rurais, visando preparar-se para o novo mercado. Dessa maneira, conclui-se que mesmo que as cooperativas de crédito já atuem de maneira diferenciada das demais instituições financeiras, buscando maior proximidade na relação com seus associados, o open banking é assunto relevante, tanto que o Sicredi fez adesão mesmo não estando no rol de instituições financeiras com obrigatoriedade de ingresso neste momento, de acordo com a legislação. Além disso, as cooperativas podem sim fortalecer sua atuação, buscando o desenvolvimento dos seus associados e da comunidade, por meio de ações de agregação de valor, a exemplo do que está sendo feito pela Sicredi Serrana. Open banking will promote a real revolution in the Brazilian financial market. With the use of data, products and services will be customized according to the consumer's needs, bringing greater satisfaction. With more competition, the search for lower interest rates and credit market decentralization will be feasible. In addition to the high investment in technology, financial institutions will be required to reposition themselves in relation to their business model, especially with regard to delivering value to the customer. Thus, this research sought to identify how Credit cooperatives can remain sustainable in the market with the implementation of open banking in Brazil, through actions to add value to their members, through a single case study. In the first stage of the study, research data applied to Sicredi employees were collected and analyzed. In step two, secondary data from research previously carried out by Sicredi Serrana with its associates in the agro segment were analyzed. The study identified that practically half of Sicredi's employees are unaware of actions by their cooperative or by the Sicredi system that are linked to preparation for open banking, which are not related to technology. This justifies the search for better communication with all levels of the company regarding the adopted strategy. There is synergy in the responses to the two surveys regarding solutions that Sicredi can offer to improve the lives of rural producers, which demonstrates the company's understanding of the needs of its members. In addition, it was possible to identify the differentiated performance of the credit cooperative that is preparing for open banking, which is the case of Sicredi Serrana, which since 2016 has started a differentiated work with rural producer associates, aiming to prepare for the new market. Thus, it is concluded that even though credit unions already act differently from other financial institutions, seeking greater proximity in the relationship with their members, open banking is a relevant subject, so much so that Sicredi joined even though it was not on the list. of financial institutions with mandatory entry currently, in accordance with the law. In addition, cooperatives can indeed strengthen their performance, seeking the development of their members and the community, through actions to add value, such as what is being done by Sicredi Serrana.

Offering “White-label” products and services is a well-developed business sector in the European market. At present, this market concept is also increasingly being applied to financial services, as part of a bank–FinTech cooperation. A question arises, however, as to the proper place for such models within the complex system of European financial law. This article reviews the “White-label” frameworks currently operating in the banking sector and the corresponding regulations of the European Union law, based on their application in German and Polish legal system. Purposive, grammatical, and comparative law methods were used to study the content of legal acts. As a result, the principles of two primary models of White-label banking were established. The first model is based on a bank acting only as an outsourcing service provider. In the second model, a bank also operates on the basis of a license it was granted. Both models have a common legal origin in European Union law, but local variations exist depending on the legal system of a given Member State.

Submitted by Anna Barbara Alves Beraldine (annabarbara@unisinos.br) on 2021-07-05T19:58:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Matté_.pdf: 1045906 bytes, checksum: 10093025b626174ce66430a20e4599f2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-05T19:58:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Matté_.pdf: 1045906 bytes, checksum: 10093025b626174ce66430a20e4599f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-05-28 Nenhuma Este estudo procura analisar, sob o enfoque crítico-reflexivo o impacto do Blockchain no sistema financeiro num contexto de Open Banking, com base na compreensão do conceito dessa tecnologia e seus impactos sejam eles causados pela sua essência de descentralização, na falta de regulamentação, na criação de novos produtos já inseridos num novo Ecossistema tecnológico para o sistema financeiro. O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias como o Blockchain, impulsionam o crescimento do sistema Financeiro, ao mesmo tempo, que desafiam conceitualmente a perda da autoridade central (reguladora), pois com o uso Blockchain a confiança passará para uma rede de infraestruturas tecnológicas. Num contexto mais amplo de Open Finance, o Blockchain será a tecnologia para registrar, rastrear e dar credibilidade a transações para entes que não se conhecem, além de garantir a imutabilidade dos registros, deixando seu rastro virtual que ajudará no combate à lavagem de dinheiro. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é entender de que forma o Blockchain poderá contribuir para Open Banking em uma Instituição Financeira. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo de caso junto a profissionais das áreas de Blockchain e Open Banking em uma das três maiores Instituições Financeiras do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi feita por entrevistas a um seleto grupo de Experts nas referidas áreas e a análise do conteúdo foi efetuada com ajuda do Software NVIVO. Como resultados desse estudo se apurou que o Blockchain não está na pauta do Open Banking, mas certamente estará em seu segundo estágio denominado Open Finance. Também foi verificado que produtos e serviços que irão utilizar o Blockchain precisam ser desenvolvidos nessa arquitetura digital e por isso possuem um custo de implantação versus substituição que encarecem num primeiro momento e, atrasam a utilização da tecnologia. Em relação ao grau de maturidade dessa tecnologia, verificou-se que a Instituição pesquisada possui pesquisas e projetos em fase de testes e que deve prevalecer a parceria com Blockchains privadas para alavancar seu uso de forma sistêmica. This study seeks to analyze, under a critical-reflective approach, the impact of the Blockchain on the financial system in a context of Open Banking, based on the understanding of the concept of this technology and its impacts, whether caused by its essence of decentralization, in the lack of regulation, in the creation of new products already inserted in a new technological ecosystem for the financial system. The development of new technologies such as Blockchain, drive the growth of the Financial system, while conceptually challenging the loss of central (regulatory) authority, as with the use of Blockchain trust will pass to a network of technological infrastructures. In a broader context of Open Finance, Blockchain will be the technology to register, track and give credibility to transactions to entities that do not know each other, in addition to guaranteeing the immutability of records, leaving its virtual trail that will help in the fight against money laundering. The main objective of this work is to understand how the Blockchain can contribute to Open Banking in a Financial Institution. Therefore, a case study was carried out with professionals in the areas of Blockchain and Open Banking in one of the largest Financial Institutions in Brazil. Data collection was carried out through interviews with a select group of experts in these areas and content analysis was carried out with the help of NVIVO Software. As a result of this study, it was found that the Blockchain is not on the Open Banking agenda, but it will certainly be in its second stage called Open Finance. It was also verified that products and services that will use the Blockchain need to be developed in this digital architecture and, therefore, have an implementation versus replacement cost that becomes more expensive at first and delays the use of the technology. Regarding the degree of maturity of this technology, it was found that the researched Institution has research and projects in the testing phase and that the partnership with private Blockchains should prevail to leverage its use in a systemic way.

Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação As mudanças regulamentares, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a mudança no comportamento dos consumidores estão a alterar a indústria de serviços financeiros. Com a implementação da Diretiva de Serviços de Pagamentos Revista – DSP2, é esperada uma disrupção na indústria, corrigindo o mercado europeu pouco competitivo e a falta de inovação existente. Esta regulamentação procura oferecer aos consumidores uma maior e melhor gama de produtos adequados às suas expetativas, promovendo igualmente a abertura do mercado a novos prestadores de serviços – os terceiros prestadores. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação centra-se em avaliar o impacto da DSP2 no mercado português. A investigação é conduzida com um estudo de caso, considerando três níveis de análise: Consumidor, Bancos e Fintechs.As principais descobertas desta investigação concluem que a implementação da DSP2 é uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento positivo dos bancos e Fintechs. Ao nível da banca tradicional, é destacada a possibilidade de se utilizar a informação recolhida do cliente de modo a desenvolver novas soluções inovadoras e oestabelecimento de parcerias com outras entidades. Contudo, a implementação da DSP2 na banca está ainda numa fase inicial. Embora as Fintechs possam trazer benefícios aomercado, foi possível concluir que o setor bancário é ainda muito resistente a colaborar com as mesmas. Ao nível dos consumidores o presente estudo identifica um fraco conhecimento da DSP2 e dos seus serviços associados. Das entidades inquiridas os consumidores demonstram uma maior recetividade a serviços de informação de contas e de iniciação de pagamentos proporcionados pelos bancos. Regulatory changes, technological development and changing consumer behaviour are changing the financial services industry.With the implementation of the Payment Services Directive - PSD2, a disruption in the banking industry is expected, which will correct the uncompetitive European market and the lack of existing innovation. PSD2 seeks to offer consumers a broader and better range of products suited to their expectations, while also promoting the opening of the market to new service providers - third party providers.This dissertation focuses on assessing the impact of PSD2 on the Portuguese market. The investigation is conducted with a case study, considering three levels of analysis: Consumer, Banks and Fintechs.The main finding of this research is that the implementation of PSD2 is a very relevant opportunity for banks and Fintechs. At the level of traditional banking, the possibility of using the information collected from the clients in order to develop new innovative solutions, as well as the establishment of partnerships with other entities, is highlighted by the interviewees. However, the implementation of PSD2 in banking is still at an early stage. Although Fintech can bring several benefits to the market, was possible to conclude that the banking industry is still very resistant to collaborate with Fintechs. At the consumer level, the present study identifies a weak knowledge of PSD2 and its related services. From the surveyed entities, consumers are the ones most receptive to account information and payment initiation services provided by banks. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The concept of open banking is on the rise in the financial industry. Not only are banks taking an interest in this topic, but many financial technology start-ups are developing as well. One particular player can be considered challenger banks; they have gained a high degree of digital competence and agility to adapt to changes in the industry. As a result of this trend, these financial players raise the question of what the opportunities are. This study aims to identify potential opportunities for challenger banks and to provide a practical model for companies to assess the opportunities. The results of the study show that the opportunities can be divided into three segments: personalized banking services; modularity; as well as embedded finance. Finally, an opportunity evaluation canvas was developed, providing banks a systematic and comprehensive model to evaluate an opportunity. Begreppet open banking är på frammarsch inom finansbranschen. Ämnet intresserar därmed såväl bankerna som många nystartade företag inom finansteknologi. En aktör är så kallade utmanarbankerna; de sitter på en hög grad av digital kompetens och flexibilitet vad gäller förändringar i branschen. Som ett resultat av denna trend väcker dessa finansiella aktörer frågan om vilka möjligheter som finns. Den här studien syftar till att identifiera potentiella möjligheter för utmanarbanker, samt att tillhandahålla ett praktisk ramverk inom vilket företag kan bedöma dessa möjligheter. Resultaten visar att möjligheterna kan delas in i tre kategorier: personliga banktjänster; modularitet; samt plattformar och ekosystem. Slutligen utvecklades en utvärderingsmall för möjligheter, som ger bankerna en systematisk och omfattande modell för att utvärdera en möjlighet.

This chapter builds on earlier discussions of regulation in previous chapters (such as Chapter 8) to deliver a more comprehensive discussion of current regulations applicable to the banking and financial sectors with a focus on the European context. This includes an overview of the drivers of regulatory changes, as well as a thorough examination as to how regulation of the sector, including FinTechs, may evolve in the future. Finally, while the focus of this chapter is the European context, the international context is also considered.

From the perspective of debt collectors, the goal of debt collection processes is to maximize the chances of a debt being repaid, while minimizing the time to repayment taking place. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what measure that is most commonly leading to debt being repaid within 30 days. Against a background of males being overrepresented among debtors in terms of the share of the population in Sweden, the purpose has also been to use data analytics methods to explore whether the measures from debt collection companies affect males and females differently and how they affect them. Finally, the purpose has furthermore been to explore whether existing data provided by the debt collection company Visma can be used to optimize the debt collection process so that the debtors' time in it becomes as short as possible. The report has found that invoicing seems to be the measure most strongly associated with debt resolvance, suggesting that this measure is an important tool for debt collection agencies. The report has found that the measures affect males and females differently, which may be related to gender differences in attitudes to financial risk. Furthermore, it has been shown that it presumably is possible to create prediction models to know which debtors will be able to pay their debt. These models should be divided by gender as males, tend to take more risks. Lastly, machine learning and other modern tools, such as Open banking, should be used to optimize the debt collection process. För ett inkassoföretag är målsättningen med varje indrivningsprocess att uppnå full återbetalning av skulden så snabbt som möjligt. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka vilken åtgärd oftast som leder till att skulder återbetalas inom 30 dagar. Då män är överrepresenterade bland gäldenärer, sett till andel av befolkningen, har ett vidare syfte varit att använda dataanalysmetoder för att undersöka om åtgärderna från inkassoföretag påverkar män och kvinnor annorlunda och hur de påverkar dem. Slutligen är syftet också att se om det finns en möjlighet att använda befintliga data tillhandahålla av inkassoföretaget Visma för att optimera inkassoprocessen så att gäldenärernas tid i den blir så kort som möjligt. Rapporten har funnit att fakturering verkar vara den mest effektiva sista åtgärden som inkassobolagen har att tillgå idag. Rapporten har funnit att åtgärderna påverkar män och kvinnor annorlunda. Vidare har det visats att det förmodligen går att skapa predikteringsmodeller för att veta vilka gäldenärer som kommer att kunna betala sin skuld. Dessa modeller bör vara uppdelade på kön då män, är mer riskbenägna. Slutligen bör maskininlärning och även andra moderna redskap, såsom Open banking användas för att optimera inkassoprocessen.

Fundação Getulio Vargas. Este estudo pretende demonstrar no que consiste o Open banking, suas origens, de que modo é construído o modelo nacional e quais são seus potenciais desafios e efeitos sobre o mercado de crédito bancário. Trata-se de uma medida regulatória inserida na atual agenda do Banco Central do Brasil (BC#) com vistas à promoção de competitividade por meio do compartilhamento seguro de dados e serviços financeiros de clientes, após o consentimento deles, por meio de interfaces de programação (APIs). Ao analisar a regulação de informação no mercado de crédito no Brasil, busca-se demonstrar que, diferentemente das medidas anteriores, o Open banking tem a possibilidade de quebrar os monopólios informacional e situacional das instituições financeiras, incentivando os clientes a contratarem com provedores de serviços financeiros que lhes oferecerem produtos e serviços melhores e mais baratos. Essa medida regulatória, se exitosa, tem o potencial não apenas de modificar a atual conjuntura financeira no Brasil, mas de corroborar para um maior desenvolvimento econômico-social, sobretudo se for capaz de promover o maior acesso das micro e pequenas empresas ao crédito. This paper aims to demonstrate what Open banking is, its origins, the construction of the national model, and its potential challenges and effects over Brazilian credit market. It is a regulatory measure from the current agenda of Brazilian Central Bank (BC#) to promote competitiveness through safely sharing client’s financial data and services after their consent by application programming interfaces (APIs). By analyzing the regulation over financial information in Brazilian banking credit market, it intends to show that, differently from the previous measures, Open banking may effectively crash the financial institutions’ informational and situational monopolies, fostering clients to contract with the financial services providers that offered them better and cheaper products. If successful, this regulatory measure has the potential not only to change the Brazilian financial scenario, but also to contribute to promote social and economic development, mainly by providing more access of micro and small enterprises to credit.

As countries around the world battle the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of sharing and using data effectively has never been more apparent. Data collection and analysis tools for diagnostics, detection, and prediction are of critical importance to respond intelligently to this crisis and prevent more lives from being lost. An effective response requires data to be shared between institutions, across sectors, and beyond national borders. Because data is critical to understanding, anticipating, and responding to the crisis, new approaches to share data are being tried, some which may have concerning consequences for individual data protection. It is an extraordinary moment where the use of personal data for helping society may potentially come into conflict with data protection norms. The aim of this report is to highlight emerging practices and interesting features of countries’ current approaches to establishing these safeguards and enablers of data sharing.

Open Banking has emerged as an initiative which has the potential to disrupt the retail banking sector by improving competition and innovation in the industry. But is Open Banking capable of producing sustainable value? This is a question that is relevant for all open initiatives given the transfer of value from incumbents to newer entities with the aim of improving innovation and customer benefit. It is particularly relevant for Open Banking at this stage of its maturity. This study undertakes a global analysis (across 17 regions) on Open Banking through the lens of Open Data. We contribute to the open data lens and provide insights into the potential success of Open Banking. Specifically, we synthesise a definition of Open Banking, we highlight that Open Banking is not entirely 'open' compared to other open initiatives, and we discuss how Open Banking may provide sustainable value for consumers, Fintech's, and traditional banks.

Open banking – promoted in the European Union by the access to account rule contained in the Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market (PSD2) – is supposed to enhance consumer’s welfare and to foster competition. However, many observers are fearful about the negative effects of the entry into the market of the so-called BigTech giants. Unless incumbent banks are able to rise above the technological challenges, the risk is that, in the long run, BigTech firms could dominate the market, by virtue of their great ability to collect data on consumer preferences, and to process them with sophisticated tools, such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques; not to mention the possible benefits arising from the cross-subsidisation. This paper aims at analysing the controversial relationship between open banking and competition. In this framework, many aspects must be clarified, such as the definition of the relevant markets; the identification of the dominant entities; the relationship with the essential facility doctrine. The specific competition problems encountered in the financial sector need to be inscribed in the context of the more general debate around access to data in the digital sphere. The evolving scenario poses a serious challenge to regulators, calling them to strike the right balance between fostering innovation and preserving financial stability. The appraisal intends not only to cover EU law and policy, but also to make a comparison with other legal systems. In this respect, something noteworthy is taking place in the United States where, as of today, consumers’ access to financial data sharing has been largely dependent on private-sector efforts. Indeed, Section 1033 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (passed in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008) provides that, subject to rules prescribed by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (CFPB), a consumer financial services provider must make available to a consumer information, in its control or possession, concerning the consumer financial product or service that the consumer obtained from the provider. This provision, which dates back to 2010, has never been implemented. However, on 22 October 2020, the CFBP has announced its intention to regulate open banking, issuing an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking. In light of their investigation, the authors advocate the adaptation of the current strategies to the modified conditions and, in some instances, the creation of novel mechanisms, more suitable to face unprecedented threats.

With this research, it was tried to verify how the competitive intelligence cycle can be used to generate inputs for the management of open banking innovation. The research method used was qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory. The sector chosen was Brazil’s financial industry, with the participation of six national banks. The manager of these institutions shared experiences through in-depth interviews, direct by a previously prepared script. The data analysis was performed using content analysis. The results of the research, obtained by forming eight categories, indicated that competitive intelligence has the potential to generate useful information for the process of product innovation and open banking related services. The research results indicated that the competitive intelligence cycle is integrated with the process of innovation of products and services in Brazilian banks, as a relevant starting point for triggering innovation. The results also indicated that even though open banking innovation brings opportunities for new products and services for banks, fintechs, and digital retail companies, this innovation is still surrounded by uncertainties on the context of financial institutions. At the end of the research, relations between the identified categories and the specific objectives were pointed out, as well as the proposition of a scheme of interrelation between the categories identified. This scheme suggests that the competitive intelligence cycle evolves by searching for information, generating useful results to promote the development and improvement of products and services related to open banking innovation Com esta pesquisa, procurou-se verificar como o ciclo da inteligência competitiva pode ser utilizado com a finalidade de gerar insumos para a gestão da inovação do open banking. O método de pesquisa adotado foi o qualitativo, de caráter descritivo e exploratório. O setor escolhido foi o da indústria financeira do Brasil, com a participação de seis bancos nacionais. Os gestores destas instituições compartilharam experiências por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, direcionadas por um roteiro estruturado previamente elaborado. A análise dos dados deu-se pela utilização da análise de conteúdo e os resultados da pesquisa, obtidos pela formação de oito categorias, indicaram que a inteligência competitiva tem o potencial de gerar informações úteis para o processo de inovação de produtos e serviços relacionados ao open banking. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o ciclo da inteligência competitiva está integrado aos processos de inovação de produtos e serviços nos bancos brasileiros, como um ponto de partida relevante para desencadear uma inovação. Os resultados também indicaram que não obstante o fato da inovação do open banking trazer oportunidades de novos produtos e serviços para os bancos, para as fintechs e para as empresas do varejo digital, a sua adoção ainda está cercada de incertezas no contexto das instituições financeiras. Ao final do trabalho foram apontadas relações entre as categorias identificadas, e os objetivos específicos, bem como a proposição de um esquema de inter-relações entre as categorias identificadas. Este esquema sugere que o ciclo da inteligência competitiva se desenvolve com a busca de informações, gerando resultados úteis para promover o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de produtos e serviços relacionados com a inovação do open banking

The technological innovations help to improve and develop online payments, including digital wallets, P2P payments, and e-commerce payments through the existing e-banking infrastructure. Privacy issues prevent data owners from sharing and exchanging data outside their institutions for fear of fraud and abuse. Open banking can help maximize customer benefits through data sharing and deeper collaboration between financial institutions. All companies providing payment services in the European Economic Area must comply with the PSD2 account access requirements. PD2 regulates that third-party PSPs have the right to access a payment account held with banks to provide account information services and/or payment initiation services. To do this, banks must provide a secure and open interface for third-party payment systems for account access, reporting, and payment initiation. In light of the update of the European Commission's Payment Services Directive, which aims to improve competition and boost economic activity by facilitating and encouraging bank account holders to send their account data in a controlled and secure manner, there is a problem with customers' lack of awareness, benefits and security in the implementation of operations on the principles of open banking. This article is devoted to the study of Open Banking, as a concept, its economic nature, prerequisites, opportunities and risks of implementation as a new way to use payment services, introduced by the Directive. The research contributes to the development of open banking technology and solves the problem raised in the work – customer trust in it, which determines the success of its implementation and development of such a business model.

As novas modalidades de operações financeiras realizadas por bancos tradicionais versus suas contrapartes no ambiente virtual, as quais utilizam dados bancários e informações pessoais e sensíveis dos usuários naquilo que se chama de open banking é o tema central do trabalho. Assim, partiu-se de uma definição geral desse termo, declinando sua tentativa de regulação para analisar seu acoplamento com LGPD, concluindo-se da necessidade de uma intervenção do órgão regulador (BACEN) balanceando proteção de dados e aumento da concorrência gerado pelo instituto estudado. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi utilizada e o método dialético foram utilizados pelo prisma da Análise Econômica do Direito.

Open banking has recently been advanced as a measure to foster competition and innovation in the retail banking sector. Since its introduction in the UK, a number of banks have created new digital business models (BMs) that offer individuals and businesses access to more personalized financial services. Yet, it is still unclear what new entrants (smaller and newer banks) have done to potentially disrupt incumbents (larger and well-established banks). To shed light on the innovations in BMs that have been initiated by digital banks to move away from traditional retail banking BM, seven digital BMs operating in the UK financial sector were examined using the BM innovation analysis framework. Our findings suggest that innovation in the new digital BMs has been achieved by building on the existing retail banking activities, developing new digitally enabled activities, and leveraging open innovation activities. Implications of our findings for researchers, managers and policy makers will be outlined.

O setor financeiro tem sido impactado de forma relevante pelo avanço das tecnologias de informação e pela atuação de novos entrantes que oferecem soluções customizadas de modo ágil e, em alguns casos, sem custos. Como consequência, a indústria bancária brasileira tem visto a formação de novos modelos de negócio, como o surgimento do open banking e a participação de novos players que ofertam soluções financeiras a clientes que agora passam a deter o controle sobre os seus dados e, ao mesmo tempo, a experimentar maior independência em relação às instituições financeiras com as quais mantiveram tradicional relacionamento. Sob tal perspectiva, verifica-se a ampliação da oferta de produtos e de serviços bancários com potencial de contribuição para a redução de entraves burocráticos e de custos operacionais e, ainda, de fomentar a competitividade em diversos segmentos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo coletar os principais dificultadores atuais do setor financeiro sob a ótica das MPEs exportadoras do estado de São Paulo, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionário. Espera-se, ao final, que este estudo possa contribuir para a geração de benefícios aos exportadores a partir das ineficiências verificadas na indústria bancária em atual processo de transformação. The financial sector has been significantly impacted by the advancement of information technology and the performance of new entrants who offer customized solutions quickly and even, in some cases, free of charge. As a result, the Brazilian banking industry has seen the formation of new business models such as the open banking and the participation of new players with the offer of financial solutions to customers who now have control over their data and, at the same time, experiencing greater independence from the financial institutions with which they have traditionally maintained relationships. This perspective enhances the offer of banking products and services aimed at micro and small exporters, which can contribute to the reduction of bureaucratic barriers and operating costs, as well as to increase the segment's competitiveness. In this context, this paper aims to collect the main hindrances of the financial sector from the perspective of exporting MSEs in the state of São Paulo, through exploratory qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews and survey. As a result, it is expected that the target audience of this study will benefit from solutions hitherto little explored by the traditional banking industry currently experiencing a transformation process.

International audience; This document describes requirements, as identified by the stakeholders of CyberSec4Europe, for the seven vertical areas that have been defined in the project: Open Banking, Supply Chain, Privacy-preserving Identity Management, Security Incident Reporting, Maritime Cybersecurity, Medical Data Exchange, and Smart Cities. The findings and recommendations are based on the works of Task 4.1, which focuses on engaging the vertical stakeholders of the project, so as to collect their needs, the problems they face, and the challenges they will be forced to meet in the near future. A combination of methods was used for eliciting the requirements from the stakeholders, and receiving their feedback on important cybersecurity problems and approaches needed to deal with them for their respective economic sectors. These methods comprised online questionnaires, structured interviews, a number of brainstorming workshops, and desk research. The conclusions of our analyses, presented in this document, show that the stakeholders envision resilient systems, infrastructures, and societies as their common objective. It emerges from this task that their needs will only be fulfilled by an environment that wisely encompasses regulation, incentives, structural reorganisations, and capacity building, along with research and deployment of new technologies, as detailed in the text.

This research consists of a general analysis of the benefits and requirements to obtain the e-money institution license in the European Union countries. The author outlines the main analytical trends and regulatory issues for providing remittances by European payment institutions. An analysis of the digital remittance transactions conducted by the e-money service providers in the EU shows a positive tendency of the value is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2020—2023) of 13.1% resulting in the total amount of USD59,774m by 2023. The conclusion clarifies opportunities for investors which may use this way for transferring global capital flows across the EU in other world countries for parking and safeguarding their money for the initial phase of the global financial crisis 2020. Case studies provide market-valuable insights about the value of remittances in the different countries in the EU, compare advantages for the licensing e-money institutions against commercial banks, and present descriptions of the requirements and key stages of the application processto be undertaken for payment institutions in the European financial market., Проведено аналіз переваг і вимог для отримання ліцензії інституту електронних грошей у країнах Європейського Союзу. Окреслено основні аналітичні тенденції та регуляторні питання щодо забезпечення грошових переказів європейськими платіжними установами. Аналіз трансакцій із цифровими переказами, які проводять постачальники послуг електронних грошей в Європейському Союзі, показує позитивну тенденцію, яка очікується, що показник річного темпу зростання (CAGR 2020—2023) становить 13,1 %, а це призведе до загальної суми 59,774 мільйона доларів США до 2023 року. Висновок роз’яснює можливості для інвесторів, які можуть використовувати цей спосіб для трансферу глобальних потоків капіталу через країни ЄС в інші країни світу для паркування i збереження своїх грошей напочатковій фазі світової фінансової кризи 2020 року.На основі отриманих результатів обґрунтовано розуміння вартості грошових переказів у країнах Європейського Союзу, ринкові переваги ліцензування установ електронних грошей порівняно з комерційними банками для інвесторів i споживачів фінансових послуг, а також розкрито регуляторні підходи i ключові етапи процесу ліцензування платіжних інституцій на європейському фінансовому ринку. Перспектива подальших досліджень у сфері розвитку платіжних компаній полягає в обґрунтуванні відмінних особливостей регулювання діяльності ФінТех-компаній у різних країнах світу, включаючи вимоги до капіталізації, комплайенсу та управління фінансовими ризиками, а також процедури KYC(Know Your Customer Identification) при відкритті рахунків клієнтам дистанційно. Подальший розвиток інститутів електронних грошей у сфері FinTech суттєво трансформує бізнес-моделі міжнародних банків і може призвести до заміни класичних форм банківської діяльності.

Banking sector has gone through many changes after the recent financial crisis, where the most notable ones are technological leaps in terms of big data analytics and added regulatory pressure towards the banks. Especially in the EU area, the changes to regulation have shaped the banking sector market, in which PSD 2 directive is one key factor. Tightened regulation towards the banks as well as EU’s will for more open competition has brought new players into financial industry markets, and Financial Technology (FinTech) companies have especially emerged to these markets. Banks are in the midst of a turning point, and to survive they have needed to digitalize their services and processes in addition to the factors stated above but also because of increased demands from the customers. This research examines the factors that affect Finnish banks from the perspectives of FinTech and big data analytics. The research has been executed in two parts. In the first part, a literature review is conducted from the subject matters of the research. The purpose of the literature review is to give an understanding to the reader about different themes relating to the research and what have been the most influential factors in the history of banking sector from the FinTech and big data analytics point-of-view. The second part of the research is an empirical study, in which Finnish experts in banking sector are interviewed. Empirical study is conducted as a qualitative research, where the purpose is to validate the phenomena impacting banking sector gathered from the literature review and to make general conclusions on how Finnish banking sector is aligned with compared to the international comparison coming from the literature review. The results of the research indicate that changes impacting Finnish banks from the perspectives of FinTech and big data analytics are two-folded. From the big data analytics viewpoint Finnish banks seem to mostly be aligned with the observations made in the literature review. The most influential factors affecting Finnish banks are the rise of big data and its challenges, and also the technological application utilization in banks’ own business core functions. Big data analytics applications were identified especially in the fraud and money-laundering prevention. In addition, big data analytics applications have been seen as a way to solve the increased customer centricity among Finnish banks. It was identified that in the Finnish banking landscape the banks are relatively capable in terms of data analytics when compared to international landscape, and especially the capabilities in terms of digitalization are above average in the international comparison. Finnish consumers were also seen as more demanding, as they have been used to digital services such as mobile banking for years now. From FinTech point-of-view, the results were somewhat contradictory when comparing the literature review to the empirical study. The results of the literature review showed that the focus of academic literature is pointed towards the competition between the FinTech companies and banks, while in the empirical study it was evident that Finnish banks see the FinTech more as partnerships and a way to collaborate. Also, Finnish FinTech companies were seen relatively positively by the banks.

This research paper is investigating the differences in approaches towards Open Banking innovation in the light of the Theory of Disruptive Innovation and perspectives associated with concept of Digital Transformation and the factors, that contributes to these attitudes that are observable in the financial market in Denmark. The next step of our investigation is focusing on the competitive implications that adoption of several Open Banking strategies might bring to their adopters conducted with the theoretical considerations deriving from the Resource-based View and the VRIO framework.

Tijekom posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća svjedočimo ubrzanom tehnološkom razvoju, snažnijem nego ikad. Pored mnogih promjena koje su uslijedile pod uvjetima globalizacije dogodio se i nagli razvoj bankarskih tehnologija. Razvojem tehnologija bankarski sektor došao je na ideju zasnivanja distribucije novih bankarskih proizvoda i usluga. Financijske su institucije uvele nove proizvode i usluge što je dovelo do povećanja broja korisnika bankarskih usluga. Prelazi se s plaćanja gotovinom i kreditnim karticama na beskontaktno, mobilno i biometrijsko plaćanje. Ubrzani razvoj tehnologije i svakodnevne inovacije stavljaju pred bankare brojne izazove s kojima se trebaju nositi. The last few decades, we have witnessed accelerated tehnological development, more powerful than ever. In addition to the many changes that followed the conditions of globalization, there has been a rapid development of banking tehnologies. The development of banking tehnology has resulted in the establishment of new banking products and services. Financial institutions have introduced new products and services, wich has led to an increase in the number of users of banking services. It is not only paid with cash,but with credit cards, mobile or biometric payments. Bankers have a many challenges to deal with.

Статья посвящена перспективам и драйверам цифровизации платёжных услуг на примере открытого банкинга (open banking) в России. В статье рассмотрены ключевые драйверы и тенденции цифровизации сектора. Проанализированы стратегии и финансовые показатели отдельных банков. Рассмотрены ключевые аспекты цифровой трансформации. Открытый банкинг это термин финансовых услуг как часть финансовой технологии, который относится к: Использование открытых API-интерфейсов, которые позволяют сторонним разработчикам создавать приложения и сервисы вокруг финансового учреждения.The article is devoted to the key trends and drivers of digitalization of payment services in Russia using the example of open banking. The article discusses the key drivers and trends in the digitalization of the sector. The key aspects of digital transformation are considered. Open banking is a financial services term as part of financial technology that refers to: the Use of open APIs that allow third-party developers to create applications and services around a financial institution.

Masteroppgave i innovasjon og ledelse, Høgskulen på Vestlandet, campus Bergen Den Europeiske Unions reviderte betalings direktiv (PSD2) skapte mye spekulasjoner og høye forventinger i forkant av lanseringen i 2019. Denne masteroppgaven setter søkelys på bransjens forventinger, foreløpig opplevd effekt, samt ulike grunner til at effektene har vært mindre enn man først forventet. Som et teoretisk rammeverk for å underbygge vår studie har vi valgt å se nærmere på emnene Innovasjon og Åpen innovasjon, Dynamiske kapabiliteter og Coopetition. Data har vært samlet inn gjennom semi-strukturerte intervju og rapporter fra forskjellige konsulentselskaper. Vi har i denne studien valgt informanter fra ulike grupper i bransjen for å få et helhetlig bilde av situasjonen. Dette har eksponert de forskjellige årsakene til at graden av effekt har vært lavere enn forventet. Ved å snakke med både banker, FinTechselskaper og bransjeeksperter har vi hatt muligheten til å angripe utfordringene fra flere vinkler. Masteroppgaven viser til at compliance er en avgjørende faktor for utvikling og gjennomføring av innovasjon og samarbeid i bank- og finansbransjen. Ulike lovverk er nødvendig, men skaper friksjon og hemmer innovasjon, samarbeid og konkurranse. Videre viser masteroppgaven at allerede eksisterende infrastruktur gjør at opplevd effekt av PSD2 blir lavere i Norge. Denne infrastrukturen er også i stor grad eid av bankene, noe som gjør det vanskeligere for nye aktører å bryte inn i markedet. Bankene vegrer seg også for å dele informasjon utover det regulatoriske rammeverket. Dette er en bremsekloss for åpen innovasjon, og hemmer muligheten for Open Banking løsninger. Forbrukeren spiller en viktig rolle, men er stort sett fornøyd med tjenestetilbudet. Banker som lar vær å innovere utsetter dermed ikke seg selv for stor risiko. Funn i studien viser også at forbrukerne har lavere tillit til tredjepartsaktører. Banker og tredjepartsaktører har ofte ulike grader av dynamiske kapabiliteter, samt ulike strategiske mål. Dette skaper friksjon i samarbeid mellom dem, og bidrar til å skape mistillit og interessekonflikt. MOØ300

São crescentes os modelos de negócio que dependem do uso de tecnologias e do processamento de dados em larga escala para gerar valor. Nesse sentido, tem-se exigido de autoridades financeiras a adequação de instrumentos regulatórios para a Economia Digital. Uma das demandas é a regulação do Open Banking: o compartilhamento de dados e serviços financeiros por meio de sistemas digitais. Esta regulação está próxima da doutrina essential facilities, que admite a imposição do acesso a um bem sob domínio de um agente econômico, cujo uso seja essencial à concorrência. Tal suposição é útil por impor o compartilhamento de dados em plataformas digitais entre competidores a fim de estimular a concorrência, inclusive no mercado financeiro. O trabalho objetiva verificar se é possível considerar a regulação do Open Banking uma aplicação horizontal da doutrina essential facilities.

The subject of the study is the impact of the open banking implementation on the development of the national sector. The purpose of the study was to establish to what extent the open banking implementation influences the development of the national FinTech sector. The impact mechanism model is built as a matrix of the influence of the open banking structural components on the structural elements of the Fintech sector development. The chosen structural components of the open banking are provision by banks of information on customer accounts to information service providers, fulfilment of customer orders by banks when payment service providers initiate payments, providing information and payment service providers with open interfaces (Open API) to information systems of banks. According to an analysis of market trends and the regulator’s plans for technology and infrastructure development, the structural components of the national FinTech sector development are classified into three groups (product development, technology development and infrastructure development). The values of the impact matrix were obtained by the method of expert estimation. Based on the research findings, it was established that the biggest influence of the open banking on the FinTech national sector development can be expected in the following segments of the industry: development of product lines — Personal Finance Management, neo-banks, payments; technology development — mobile technologies, biometric identification and open interfaces; infrastructure development — the remote identification platform and the fast payment platform. It is concluded that the open banking elements have a positive impact on the development of the Fintech sector. However, the quantitative estimation of the impact effect is lacking statistical data and a statistical data collection system. Therefore, to obtain more accurate estimates, it is necessary to form a system for collecting relevant statistical information.

Based on the analysis of trends and threats of digital transformation of global banking, we concluded that there is an unevenness of digitization of banking in different regions. The development of digital technology has an impact on the global banking market, its structure and services. Cloud technology, blockchain and Big Data, artificial intelligence, biometrics, and open source APIs are used by financial institutions both in routine client work (optical character recognition, language, voice, customer image and face recognition, etc.), and in complex analysis of unstructured data sets (pattern recognition in money laundering transactions, counter-terrorism financing). The major segments where the biggest changes were made — are retail, corporate banking, payments, bank transactions, investment banking, and infrastructure projects. There are considered the concept of open banking, its impact on the ecosystem of financial market. The use of digital technologies, on the one hand, increases competition and market efficiency, and on the other, creates new systemic risks to financial stability and integrity.The main obstacles to digital transformation are not technological ones, but the differences in the organizational culture of traditional banks and fintech, different strategic vision of top management, lack of qualified personnel, which makes it difficult for banks to transform for cooperation. The use of digital technology increases the systemic risks associated with cyber security, fraud and ethical issues. In order to reduce the fraud, it is important to improve the verification procedures: the integration of offline and online modes, the use of implicit factors, and consumer biometric behaviour. Given the likelihood of recession in the coming years, geopolitical problems, trade and currency wars, traditional banks need to transform their businesses in line with new trends. In modern global world, there are not the largest banks that the competitive advantages get but the ones that are the most adapted to changes., На основе анализа тенденций и угроз цифровой трансформации глобального банкинга пришли к выводу о неравномерности цифровизации банковского бизнеса в различных регионах. Облачные технологии, блокчейн и Big Data, искусственный интеллект, биометрика и открытые программные интерфейсы используются финансовыми учреждениями как в рутинной работе с клиентами, так и в сложном анализе неструктурированных наборов данных. Их использование, с одной стороны, увеличивает конкуренцию и эффективность рынка, а с другой — создает новые системные риски для финансовой стабильности и целостности.Основными препятствиями трансформации является не технологические, а разность в организационной культуре традиционных банков и финтех-компаний, разное стратегическое видение топ-менеджмента и нехватка квалифицированных кадров., На основі аналізу тенденцій і загроз цифрової трансформації глобального банківництва прийшли до висновку про нерівномірність цифровізації банківського бізнесу в різних регіонах. Розвиток цифрових технології чинить вплив на глобальний банківський ринок, його структуру і послуги. Хмарні технології, блокчейн та Big Data, штучний інтелект, біометрика та відкриті програмні інтерфейси (API) використовуються фінансовими установами як у рутинній роботі з клієнтами (оптичне розпізнавання символів, розпізнавання голосу, мови, зображення та обличчя клієнтів тощо), так і у складному аналізі неструктурованих наборів даних (наприклад, розпізнавання шаблонів у трансакціях стосовно відмивання грошей, боротьба із фінансуванням тероризму). Їхнє використання, з одного боку, підвищує конкуренцію та ефективність ринку, а з другого — створює нові системні ризики для фінансової стабільності та цілісності.Основними перепонами трансформації є не технологічні, а різність в організаційній культурі традиційних банків та фінтех-компаній, різне стратегічне бачення топ-менеджменту, брак кваліфікованих кадрів, у результаті чого банкам важко трансформуватись для співробітництва. Використання цифрових технологій посилює системні ризики, які пов’язані з кібербезпекою, шахрайством та етичними проблеми. Для зменшення шахрайства необхідно удосконалити процедури підтвердження ідентичності: інтеграція офлайн- та онлайн-режимів, використання неявних факторів (геолокація IP-адреси) та біометричну поведінку споживачів.З огляду на ймовірність спаду в найближчі роки геополітичні проблеми, торгові та валютні війни традиційні банки повинні трансформувати свій бізнес відповідно до нових тенденцій. У сучасному глобальному світі конкурентні переваги отримують не найбільші банки, а те, які найбільш пристосовані до змін.