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Altres ajuts: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Unión Europea; CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Brazil (CNPq 309215/2019-6). Chronic inflammatory pain is manifested in many diseases. The potential use of molecular hydrogen (H) as a new therapy for neurological disorders has been demonstrated. Recent studies prove its analgesic properties in animals with neuropathic pain, but the possible antinociceptive, antidepressant, and/or anxiolytic actions of H during persistent inflammatory pain have not been investigated. Therefore, using male mice with chronic inflammatory pain incited by the subplantar injection of complete Freud's adjuvant (CFA), we assessed the actions of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) systemically administered on: (1) the nociceptive responses and affective disorders associated and (2) the oxidative (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; 4-HNE), inflammatory (phosphorylated-NF-kB inhibitor alpha; p-IKBα), and apoptotic (Bcl-2-like protein 4; BAX) changes provoked by CFA in the paws and amygdala. The role of the antioxidant system in the analgesia induced by HRW systemically and locally administered was also determined. Our results revealed that the intraperitoneal administration of HRW, besides reducing inflammatory pain, also inhibited the depressive- and anxiolytic-like behaviors associated and the over expression of 4-HNE, p-IKBα, and BAX in paws and amygdala. The contribution of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 pathway in the analgesic activities of HRW, systemically or locally administered, was also shown. These data revealed the analgesic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic actions of HRW. The protective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities of this treatment during inflammatory pain were also demonstrated. Therefore, this study proposes the usage of HRW as a potential therapy for chronic inflammatory pain and linked comorbidities.

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand–receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver exceeding 5% of its weight. The spectrum of the disease includes fatty liver, steatohepatitis and progressive fibrosis leading to cirrhosis. It is also possible to develop hepatocellular carcinoma even without cirrhosis. Its physiopathology highlights the metabolic component of the disease, being acknowledged as a hepatic expression of a multisystemic metabolic disorder. Fat accumulation causes apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. In the view of the rising research on the subject, a new terminology is being proposed, consis-ting in metabolic associated fatty liver disease, now perceived as a standalone condition not needing the exclusion of other entities to make a diagnosis. The diagnosis includes the identification of liver steatosis and fibrosis, as a prognosis marker, using imaging studies and scoring models with biochemical markers. Treatment consists primarily in weight reduction and improving the metabolic baseline condition. New studies seeking pharmacologic interventions targeting hepatic inflammation are being conducted. Therapy also includes appropriate management of other medical comorbidities and cardiovascular risk control.

A 15-year-old adolescent girl diagnosed of interaortocaval paraganglioma with a positive 123I-MIGB SPECT/CT and 1 unsuccessful prior surgery was operated on with the assistance of a handheld gamma camera. Once the lesion was located and removed, 2 images were taken, one of the surgical field (without 123I-MIGB uptake) and another of the tumor ex vivo (with high 123I-MIGB uptake), confirming that the lesion had been satisfactorily excised. This case highlights the use of a portable gamma camera as a useful tool to locate this rare tumor, with a SPECT/CT positive for 123I-MIGB and a difficult anatomical location suspected.

Objetivo. Evaluar la actividad específica de lectina en teosinte Zea diploperennis sano e infectado con Ustilago maydis. Materiales y métodos-. Plántulas de Zea diploperennis de 6 días de crecimiento fueron inoculadas con Ustilago maydis. Se evaluó la concentración de proteínas totales y la actividad hemaglutinante de extractos crudos de teosinte sano e infectado en placas de microtitulación con eritrocitos tipo O al 3% siguiendo la técnica de diluciones dobles seriadas durante 6 días. Resultados. La concentración de proteínas totales se incrementa en coleoptilo sano durante cada día de su crecimiento. No así en teosinte infectado donde la curva presenta una tendencia a la baja desde el momento de la inoculación. La actividad específica de lectina disminuye en ambos casos desde el primer día de cuantificación. Conclusiones. La evidente reducción en la actividad de lectina en teosinte infectado en comparación con teosinte sano podría explicar la susceptibilidad de este teosinte a dicho fitopatógeno. Si bien, la participación de las lectinas de teosinte y maíz en el mecanismo de defensa a Ustilago maydis todavía no ha sido esclarecida, los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la comprensión del efecto que puede tener la concentración de lectina y proteína sobre la resistencia en teosinte.

Objetivo. Evaluar el crecimiento radial de Lactarius volemus en cinco medios de cultivo semisólidos in vitro. Materiales y métodos. Cuerpos fructíferos de L. volemus provenientes de la Sierra Norte del estado de Oaxaca, México, se cultivaron en laboratorio en medios Agar Papa Dextrosa, Agar Czapek-Dox, Agar Extracto de Malta, Agar Papa Sacarosa y Agar Dextrosa Saboraud; mediante dos técnicas de sembrado. Se evaluaron las características morfológicas de colonias obtenidas de distintas muestras del cuerpo fructífero, así como el crecimiento radial de cada una. Resultados. El crecimiento colonial evaluado permitió seleccionar un medio que reúne las condiciones óptimas para el cultivo de Lactarius volemus in vitro. No todas las muestras utilizadas desarrollan un crecimiento abundante: la muestra proveniente del látex presenta un crecimiento escaso. Conclusiones. Con la evaluación del crecimiento radial de Lactarius volemus se obtiene una referencia directa del ciclo de crecimiento de esta especie; es posible identificar las fases exponencial y estacionaria pero las condiciones del medio no permiten evaluar la fase de muerte debido a la deshidratación y reducción del agar.

Metastasic Crohn disease (MCD) is the most uncommon cutaneous manifestation of Crohn disease. The actual incidence is not clear. There are fewer than 200 cases described in the literature. We report a case of 21 years-old girl that came to our emergency care with large exudative ulcers in the inguinal folds, the vulva, the perianal region and the popliteal fossae. Histopathological examination of the ulcers revealed a non-caseating granulomatous inflammation with abundant multinucleated giant cells and intense lymphocytic infiltrate. Colonoscopy, contrast study of the small bowel and video capsule endoscopy were carried out without evidence of digestive disease. High potency topical steroids (betamethasone 0,5mg/gr twice daily) and 300mg intravenous Infliximab were initiated as the initial line therapy and the ulcers began to heal. We report this case to highlight the presence of cutaneous ulcers without intestinal disease in a young non-pediatric woman as the unique manifestation of the disease.

[ES]Durante el transcurso de la historia, a raíz del modo en que la sociedad se estructura y funciona, las personas con discapacidad se han visto relegadas a una situación de exclusión en la que sus derechos y libertades han estado restringidos. En el ámbito laboral esta coyuntura puede apreciarse al reparar en la baja tasa de participación de las personas con discapacidad en el mercado del trabajo. Sin embargo, desde que las instituciones supranacionales y los propios estados comenzaron a reparar en ello, se ha ido tomando conciencia de la situación y progresivamente se han impulsado diversas medidas para tratar de hacer frente a la desigualdad desde el marco normativo y la acción pública. Entre las distintas recetas aplicadas podemos destacar la utilización de diversos incentivos económicos para tratar de promover la contratación de las personas en situación de discapacidad en el sector privado del ámbito laboral. Técnicas, no obstante, sobre cuya efectividad y justificación hasta la fecha merece la pena reflexionar para tratar de dilucidar si el enfoque de las mismas ha sido acertado. [EU]Historian zehar, gizartea antolatu eta funtzionatzen duen modua dela eta, desgaitasunak dituzten pertsonak aldebateratuta egon dira eta beren eskubide eta askatasunak murriztu izan dira. Lan eremuan desgaitasunak dituzten pertsonen parte-hartze eta enplegu-tasei begiratuz abagune hau hauteman daiteke. Hala ere, nazioz gaindiko erakundeak eta nazioak berak ohartu zirenetik, gizartea egoeraz jabetzen joan da. Horrenbestez, pixkanaka eta etengabe neurriak hartuz, desberdintasun egoera honi aurre egiten saiatu da gizarte-ekintza eta esparru harauemaileetatika Erabilitako neurrien artean hainbat pizgarri-ekonomikoren erabilpena azpimarratu daiteke. Hauen bitartez desgaitasun egoeran dauden pertsonen kontratazioa langintza pribatuan sustatzen saiatu da. Alabaina, pena merezi du pizgarri hauen eraginkortasunaz eta justifikazioaz hausnartzea. Hauen ikuspegia egokia izan den ala ez argitzen saiatzeko. [EN]Due to the way in which society itself functions and structures, through the course of history people with disabilities have been sidelined to a status of exclusion where their rights and freedoms have been limited. This cojuncture can be well appreciated in the labor sphere checking out the Iow rates of engagement people with disabilities have in the labor market. However, many steps have been taken trying to combat this inequality by means of law and public action since supranational organisations and states themselves became aware of it. Using many different economic aids to promote the hiring of people with disabilities stands out in the private sector of the labor sphere among the wicle variety of measures applied trying to fight the aforementioned inequality. Although it is worth studying the justification and the effectiveness these measures have had up until now to elucidate if the approach has been accurate.

The disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is characterized by fever and cough, in addition to affecting the lower respiratory tract and being associated with age, comorbidities and a weakened immune system. Lymphopenias occur in severe cases and an excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, which would explain the role of the hyperinflammatory response in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of the disease, so we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections, as well as some infections due to viruses, general treatments, specific coronavirus treatments and antiviral treatments should be useful in the fight against COVID-19, the therapeutic agents evaluated included chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, ribavirin, interferons, nelfinavir, ivermectin, monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma.

Background The impact of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) on the incidence of intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) remains controversial. We aimed to identify risk factors for postappendectomy IAA and assess the impact of appendectomy approach in postoperative morbidity. Methods A retrospective single-center study including consecutive patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis between 2015 and 2018 was performed. Demographic, clinical, intraoperative, and perioperative variables were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses was performed to detect independent risk factors for IAA. Comparison of LA and open appendectomy was conducted, and propensity score model (PSM) was used to overcome differences between groups. Independent risk factors for IAA were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses in the PSM cohort. Results A total of 532 appendectomies were included. The median age was 35 years. Three hundred two patients (56.7%) underwent LA. The most frequent operative finding was American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade 1 appendicitis in 303 patients (57%). Peritonitis was found in 109 patients (20.5%). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 14.4% and 0%, respectively. Intra-abdominal abscess rate was 6.2%. An AAST grade of ≥2, a preoperative C-reactive protein level of >100 mg/dL, and diabetes mellitus were identified as independent risk factors for IAA in the multivariate analysis. Comparing LA and open appendectomy, there were no differences in IAA rates. After PSM, LA showed lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay. Conclusions Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe approach and not related to a higher risk of IAA. Patients with an AAST grade of ≥2, a preoperative C-reactive protein level of >100, and diabetes mellitus have higher risk for postappendectomy IAA. Level of evidence Therapeutic/care management, level IV.

En México, desde la época prehispánica se producen una gran variedad de bebidas fermentadas, que en la actualidad son consideradas tradicionales y aunque su contenido ha sido escasamente investigado, hay estudios que reportan sus efectos benéficos a la salud del consumidor debido no sólo a la presencia y acción microbiana/probiótica, sino también a la de múltiples compuestos de importancia biológica. El objetivo de esta revisión es destacar la información disponible de cuatro bebidas seleccionadas, los probióticos presentes en ellas, el mecanismo de acción de estos y sus posibles aplicaciones en la salud humana; por lo que se compiló la información científica, sobre los probióticos, disponible en las bases de datos como: Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, Springer y Google Académico. En conclusión, son necesarios más estudios y ensayos clínicos, en humanos, que apoyen su aplicación biomédica ante algunas patologías que afectan a la salud pública.

Los plaguicidas son insumos que se utilizan para mejorar la producción agropecuaria y forestal. Su elaboración, transporte, preparación y aplicación genera una gran contaminación en el ambiente, la cual afecta a la población humana. En este trabajo se evaluaron los impactos ambientales y económicos de los plaguicidas que se aplican en cultivos de maíz (Zea mays L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) y nogal (Juglans illinoinensis Wangenh) en Durango, México. Para estimarlos, se utilizaron el cociente de impacto ambiental y el sistema de contabilidad ambiental de plaguicidas. Se utilizaron encuestas personales a productores y técnicos especialistas para conocer los principales productos utilizados, dosis y frecuencias de aplicación, y se investigó en casas comerciales el precio de los ingredientes activos de cada uno. Los resultados indican que los insecticidas tienen mayor impacto ambiental que los herbicidas y fungicidas. Debido a su extensión, el cultivo del maíz genera también el mayor impacto ambiental y económico. El costo agregado de las externalidades que generan los plaguicidas se estimó en alrededor de MXN $24 millones por año. Los impactos económicos más notables se reflejaron en los consumidores, los trabajadores y la vida acuática. El estudio puede ayudar a la identificación de productos químicos de alto impacto y la evaluación de su uso futuro en la producción de estos cultivos.

Background and objectives: To analyze the effects of COVID-19 in the pattern of use (number of admissions, hospitalizations, hospitalization ratio, and classification by priorities) of Emergency Departments (EDs) of one tertiary referral hospital. Methods: Retrospective, observational and single-center study, carried on in the EDs of Virgen de las Nieves Hospital Complex (Granada, Spain). The information was collected from the three hospitals which belong to the Virgen de las Nieves Hospital complex (i.e. the General Hospital, GH; the Children’s Hospital, CH; and the Neuro-Trauma Hospital, NTH) from February 1st to July 31st, 2019, and 2020. Results: In the period under analysis, there were 71236 admissions compared with 118382 in the same period in 2019, which means an overall reduction of 38.83%. Considering the hospitalizations, there were 6841 compared with 7648 (2020 and 2019, respectively) which gives an overall reduction of 10.55%. The distribution of the priorities did not show a defined pattern; while CH and NTH’s EDs showed clear changes in their distribution, no notable changes were observed in GH’s ED. Conclusion: The Covid-19 Pandemic changed dramatically the pattern of ED referral in our tertiary referral hospital. A noticeable reduction of admissions and hospitalizations were reported, together with a pronounced increase in the hospitalization ratio that in some cases reached almost 50%. This could be explaining for many reasons, such as the fear of contagion and the lockdown that presumably caused a decrease in the less-severe cases attended. Possibly, the effects of COVID-19 may have been indirectly influenced by the health care system of each country. The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine, understanding better these changes and the impact that COVID-19 has caused on pattern of use of EDs will probably lead us to manage and use better our public health systems in the future., Antecedentes y objetivos: Analizar los efectos de la COVID-19 en el patrón de uso (número de pacientes atendidos en urgencias, hospitalizaciones, ratio de hospitalización y clasificación por prioridades) de los Servicios de Urgencias (SU) de un hospital terciario de referencia. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y monocéntrico, realizado en los SU del Complejo Hospitalario Virgen de las Nieves (Granada, España). La información se recogió en los tres hospitales que pertenecen al Complejo Hospitalario Virgen de las Nieves (es decir, el Hospital General, GH; el Hospital Infantil, CH; y el Hospital Neurotraumatológico, NTH) desde el 1 de febrero hasta el 31 de julio de 2019 y 2020. Resultados: En el periodo analizado se produjeron 71236 atenciones en urgencias frente a 118382 en el mismo periodo de 2019, lo que supone una reducción global del 38,83%. Considerando las hospitalizaciones, hubo 6841 frente a 7648 (2020 y 2019, respectivamente) lo que da una reducción global del 10,55%. La distribución de las prioridades no mostró un patrón definido; mientras que los SU de CH y NTH mostraron cambios claros en su distribución, no se observaron cambios notables en el SU de GH. Conclusión: La pandemia de Covid-19 cambió drásticamente el patrón de derivación a urgencias en nuestro hospital terciario de referencia. Se constató una notable reducción de los pacientes atendidos en urgencias y las hospitalizaciones, junto con un pronunciado aumento de ratio de hospitalización que en algunos casos alcanzó casi el 50%. Esto podría explicarse por muchas razones, como el miedo al contagio y el bloqueo que presumiblemente provocó una disminución de los casos menos graves atendidos. Posiblemente, los efectos de COVID-19 pueden haber sido influenciados indirectamente por el sistema sanitario de cada país. La pandemia de COVID-19 constituye uno de los mayores retos de la medicina moderna, entender mejor estos cambios y el impacto que COVID-19 ha causado en el patrón de uso de los servicios de urgencias probablemente nos llevará a gestionar y utilizar mejor nuestros sistemas de salud pública en el futuro.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are highly aggressive types of cancers with a complex molecular etiology of disease and consequently result in delayed clinical detection, poor prognosis, and limited treatment strategies. Fusion genes, a hallmark of cancer, may be targeted for early identification and treatment of HNSCC; however, studies characterizing fusion genes in HNSCC remain limited. Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of HNSCC and can also promote the acquisition of fusion genes due to the genomic instability induced by its integration. Here, we retrieved RNA-sequencing data from 36 HNSCC tumors (18 HPV+ and 18 HPV-, GEO Accession: GSE74956) to identify fusion genes using the STAR fusion algorithm in each sample. Statistical analyses were performed in R statistical software. A total of 10 fusion genes were identified in at least 4 of the samples regardless of HPV status. We identified 3 fusion genes that were present in at least 4 of the HPV+ tumors: PMS2P9-CCDC146, MACC1-AC005062.1, AC096711.2-RPL7AP28, and one solely present in HPV- tumors: CTSC-RAB38. The remaining 6 fusion genes were present in both HPV+ and HPV- tumors: TVP23C-CDRT4, AC009271.1-LINC01905, MIR205HG-AOPEP, SEPTIN7P2-PSPH, KRT5-KRT84, KANSL1-ARL17A. While 4 of the identified fusion genes had been previously associated with cancer, there were 6 novel identified fusion genes, in which one or both partner genes have been associated with different cancers. Additionally, the identified fusion genes may be a product of transcription read-through of neighbor genes. The fusion genes associated with HPV infection might explain biological disparities in HPV+ versus HPV- HNSCC and may be targets for the prevention and diagnosis of HNSCC. Future studies need to determine the functional impact of the identified fusion genes in HPV+ tumors. Citation Format: Yabdiel A. Ramos Valerio, Hannah C. Van Wyk, Esther Peterson Peguero, Josué Pérez Santiago. Fusion genes as novel putative biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6527.