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Nebulized spray pyrolysis method was employed to deposit pristine and manganese (Mn) -doped Co3O4 thin films for different Mn concentrations (4, 6 and 8 at.%). The structural properties revealed that the obtained films show predominant orientation along (311) plane and significant peak shift was observed upon an increase in Mn doping confirms the substitution of Mn in Co3O4 lattice. The pristine Co3O4 film shows clustered grains and dendrite patterns appearing with the increase in Mn content as evident from SEM studies. The optical dispersion parameters of the prepared films of pristine and Mn doped Co3O4 films were determined from UV transmission spectra. The phase purity and elemental analysis of the films revealed single phase with better stoichiometric films were obtained. The XPS core level spectra of 6 at.% Mn doped Co3O4 films exhibited the presence of two different oxidation states (Mn2+ and Mn3+). The electrical resistivity of the films decreased with increase in Mn dopant concentration was observed from linear four probe method. The Co3O4 film deposited using 6 at.% of Mn exhibited a maximum optical modulation of 35% and coloration efficiency of 29 cm2/C.

In today’s global economy, the survival of companies depends on their ability to innovate and improve quickly. Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding can apply for many kinds of material such as mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum. This paper deals with the fabrication of MIG welding fixtures to clamp work piece and reduce the rejection ratio in production and reduce the welding distortion. The automation is used to welding the work piece for increasing the quality and production. Fixtures are essential components of the manufacturing process because they are required in most automated manufacturing, inspection, and assembly operations. The device is provided to support and control the work area with fixture providing a linear motion by the motor. Using fixing and automation welding often eliminates the need for verification, positioning, personal marking, and the same quality in the manufacturing process. These increase productivity and reduce operating time compared to manual welding. Automation welding process gives a best result compared to the manual welding. Some of the issues are occurred during manual welding (welding distortion, imperfect welding, less quality, and lower production rate). These problems can be solved by using automation welding process. In welding distortion, the automation rate of welding capacity increases 50% compared to manual welding rate. In imperfect welding joint, the fixture setup helps us to weld the work piece with 45% more efficiently.

In this work, the effect of different computer-aided approaches on the simulation of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is analysed. A UWB bandpass filter with Electronic Band Gap (EBG) resonators is designed by utilizing Advanced Design System simulation technique and the results are compared with the various simulation techniques. The UWB bandpass filter characteristics are analyzed using the full-wave Electromagnetic (EM) algorithm on the insertion loss and other characteristics of the UWB bandpass filter are presented. The study shows that the best results are obtained with the ADS simulation technique compared to HFSS and CST studio techniques.

“Right the First Time” principle is to reduce the number of gear hobbing process rejection rate, reason of rework, scrap and change orders so customers are dissatisfied. The main objective of this project is to produce the first time right robust product, without setting piece rejection, also increasing the consistent product quality and productivity. While the machine setting changes, the first piece gets scrap due to improper tool selection and improper process parameters in Pfauter PE1000 machine for hobbing and skiving operation. In every setting change in Pfauter PE1000 machine for part number of 1000904, the first piece gets scrapped. To reduce the setting piece rejection rate, we found a proper root causes that are (1) part nominal height, (2) fixture locating height and (3) hob diameter. The permanent corrective action to prevent that setting rejection in Pfauter for part number of 1000904 is to measure the part with TRIMOS, dial gauge, coordinate measuring machine and micrometer that reduces the rejection rate from 14 to 1. Initial inspection, hob diameter and hob nomenclature are also reassigned to prevent the setting piece rejection. By advanced product quality planning, the Six Sigma value is increased from 3.9 to 4.9 and the rejection rate is decreased from 7458 to 441 PPM.

Quick interchangeable search has more significance in a large-scale dataset while using for image indexing and retrieval in many applications. Mining of image presents special characteristics due to the superior quality of the data that an image can reflect. The change of gathering to pursuit in overall and flying make, particularly as a consequence of the snappy improvement in assessment of people going around the world brisk and wealthy using air course, the materials that are combined in that industries and its reasonable machining operations makes prominence. Before producing that for the use in business operation sectors and assembling industries, it should be assessed for flaws and necessity for a mechanized response for recognizing the parts in surface of the metals using Computer Aided detection (CAD) system. The implementation of CAD framework has made a mammoth bounce in the powerful operations. It is proposed to find the applicable information for image examination and conclusion from the information base of picture depictions. This work center to actualize a viable division approach utilizing KFCM (Kernel Fuzzy C-Means) calculation. The solution consists of texture processing including feature extraction, segmentation with Content based image retrieval. The proposed solution achieves better performance compare to direct matching scheme in terms of number of segmented objects and extracted & matched feature

Nickel oxide, an example for metal oxide has its own remarkable impact as anodic coloring material in the field of electrochromic smart window. Radio frequency sputtering technique is implemented in preparing thin film of nickel oxide (NiO) over microscopic glass substrate. The conformational analysis is done by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer. XRD reveals the crystalline nature of the deposited NiO thin film. A maximum transparency of 92% is obtained for the film deposited at 160 W RF which finds a wide application in optoelectronic devices.

The tribological characteristics of a-C:H coating in varying thickness of H-DLC/AISI 5140 steel tribological contact in pin-on-disc tribometer test under dry sliding with diesel fuels used in this work. The influences of load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity on the coated and uncoated counter body friction and wear was investigated with a constant relative humidity of 25% was maintained. The conclusion showed that the a-C:H coating on the substrate offered higher tribological properties than the alternate coating material. The wear and friction coefficient of all substrates and H-DLC coated AISI 5140 steel substrate samples were analyzed then compared. The SEM and AFM instruments are used to study the surface topography and structural properties.

The Delay Locked Loop (DLL) are used clock recovery, time interval generation schemes, and time-to-digital conversions. The proposed modified delay cell is used with various PDs and validation is carried for utilizing different applications. The modification in the delay cell is done by shifting its behavior from static to dynamic. Simulation results of DLL implemented in Cadence Virtuoso Schematic Editor using GPDK 45 nm technology have indicated that fast locking with a periodic jitter of 8.84 ps, the phase noise of –82.55 dB/Hz with the Figure of merit (FOM) of 69 has been achieved. The proposed DLL operates in the range of 40–333 MHz with a low power consumption of 0.32 mW from 1.8 V supply. In addition to that, a comparative approach is used. One of them has an ultra-low-power operation, whereas the other one has a low jitter stable operation.

In the present scenario, many people are very much concerned about their health and fitness. Nowadays due to hectic work schedules and work from home concept people have restricted themselves from going outside. They are trying to perform all their tasks within their homes. Since people can’t go out to the gyms and other fitness centres due to various reasons it becomes important to have a virtual gym trainer which can classify the gym activity of the person and would suggest him/her with the appropriate gym exercise using neural networks.

Housing and walkability are two important areas where constructive suggestions and implementations both in terms of physical and policy level can be made for the betterment of aging population. Issue of affordability, regulations like setback, diversity and density of housing will be discussed in the research. Suggestions for street design, improving the connectivity, installation of sidewalks and street furniture will be the focus as far as walkability is concerned for the community. Improving conditions of housing as per people’s demand and developing pedestrian infrastructure in the city will also promote both physical and mental health of the people in community. Besides this with proper street furniture neighborhoods will be more safety and promote liveliness in thecommunity.

Background: The use of optical coherence tomography−angio co-registration (OCT-ACR) in routine clinical practice is evolving with limited reporting of clinical outcomes We conducted this study to evaluate the impact of OCT-ACR on clinician decision making during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Methods: Patients with clinically significant stenosis of >70% in at least 1 coronary artery were enrolled in the study The pre- and post-PCI procedural strategies were prospectively assessed after angiography, OCT, and ACR with data analyzed by an independent core lab We enrolled 500 patients from 9 centers in south Asia Twenty-eight patients had inadequate imaging, whereas data from 75 patients are yet to be analyzed by core lab due to COVID-19 Results: The interim results included 397 patients with a mean age of 57 8 ± 10 8 years Pre-procedural OCT resulted in a change in PCI strategy in 76% of lesions including change in stent length (57%), diameter (34%), strategy (10%), and landing zone (57%) (Figure) The use of ACR additionally altered treatment strategy in 23% lesions Postprocedural OCT demonstrated edge dissections (3%), underexpansion (18%), malapposition (17%), tissue/thrombus prolapse (8%), and incomplete coverage (1%), thereby requiring additional interventions for optimization in 36% lesions No change in strategy was observed with post-procedural ACR [Formula presented] Conclusion: This is the first South Asian study reporting outcomes of OCT-ACR−guided PCI in patients with coronary artery disease The use of OCT resulted in overall pre-procedural change of PCI strategy in 76% lesions compared with angiography Real-time ACR had an additional significant impact with change in strategy in 23% of lesions Categories: IMAGING: Imaging: Intravascular

In this work, we report on the diverse optical parameters of Mn2O3 thin films prepared by nebulized spray pyrolysis technique by the effect of spray solution concentration. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the Mn2O3 films belong to cubic structure. The Raman vibrational band observed at 636 cm−1 is related with the symmetric stretching of Mn–O bond of trivalent manganese ions (Mn3+). The surface morphological study showed that the nano-sized particles are homogenously distributed on the film surface. The films exhibit the highest transmittance in the near infrared region. The spray solution concentration induced reduction of Urbach energy (from 677 to 655 meV) indicates the decrease in degree of crystal defects in the film. The extinction coefficient of the film was obtained in the order of 10−2. It was observed that the optical dispersion threshold point (TODT) of Mn2O3 thin film is coincides with the refractive index threshold wavelength (λrtw) of the material. This was further corroborated from the intersection of phase velocity and group velocity curves at the point of λrtw or TODT. This indicates that no optical dispersion was taken place at that point and therefore the phase velocity is equal to the group velocity. The possible correlations among the data were made with the light of underlying concepts.

The cancer is a dangerous disease and untreated cancer lead to death. Breast Cancer (BC) mostly affects women community due to various reasons ranging from the genetic to the lifestyle. The screening of BC normally involves in a personal check followed by a clinical level confirmation with a biopsy test and the imaging procedures. The biopsy is a commonly employed invasive technique considered to identify the occurrence and the stage of the cancer. The imaging procedure based on a chosen modality is widely preferred in clinics, due to its non-invasive nature. The proposed work aims to develop a tumor segmentation system to examine the BC tumors using the breast MRI. The proposed technique implements the Cuckoo-Search (CS) based Kapur's thresholding and the Active-Contour (AC) segmentation to extract the tumor from the threshold breast MRI. Finally, a comparison among the ground-truth and the extracted BC tumor is performed to authenticate the performance of the proposed methodology. The outcome of this research confirms that, proposed system helps to attain a segmentation accuracy of >99% on the chosen breast MRIs.

Introduction: India introduced a hepatitis-B (HB) vaccine in the Universal Immunization Program in 2002–2003 on a pilot basis, expanded to ten states in 2007–2008 (phase-1), and the entire country in 2011–2012 (phase-2). We tested sera from a nationally representative serosurvey conducted duing 2017, to estimate the seroprevalence of different markers of HB infection among children aged 5–17 years in India and to assess the impact of vaccination. Methods: We tested sera from 8273 children for different markers of HB infection and estimated weighted age-group specific seroprevalence of children who were chronically infected (HBsAg and anti-HBc positive), and immune due to past infection (anti-HBc positive and HBsAg negative), and having serological evidence of HB vaccination (only anti-HBs positive). We compared the prevalence of serological markers among children born before (aged 11–17 years) and after (aged 5-10 years) introduction of HB-vaccine from phase-1 states. Results: Among children aged 5–8 years, 1.1% were chronic carriers, 5.3% immune due to past infection, and 23.2% vaccinated. The corresponding proportions among children aged 9–17 years were 1.1%, 8.0%, and 12.0%, respectively. In phase-1 states, children aged 5–10 years had a significantly lower prevalence of anti-HBc (4.9% vs. 7.6%, p

A comparative study of the inhibitory effect of various parts of the plant Mimusaps Elangi (ME) extract (leaves, fruits, barks, seeds) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 N HCl medium was investigated using weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The polarization studies revealed that the plants extract act as mixed type inhibitor. It was found from the weight loss method that the inhibition efficiency of ME extracts increase in concentration dependents manner which was also supported by the results of electrochemical techniques. On comparison, maximum inhibition efficiency was found in ME leaves extracts with 98.50% at 20 ppm concentration. The SEM morphology of the adsorbed protective film on the mild steel surface has confirmed the high performance of inhibitive effect of the plant extract. Surface coverage values were tested graphically for suitable adsorption. Temperature studies revealed decrease in inhibition efficiency with increase temperature which suggests physisorption mechanism.

We report on the synthesis of CoWO4 nanoparticles by co-precipitation technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of phase pure wolframite type CoWO4. The characteristic vibrational information of CoWO4 was obtained through FT-IR measurement. The annealing temperature induced increase in optical energy band gap (2.33- 2.67 eV) of CoWO4 nanoparticles was observed. The photoluminescence bands at 438 and 490 nm realized the radiative transition of [WO4]2- tetrahedral group.

In this study, an experimental investigation on surface roughness and roundness in turning of Aluminium using solid carbide insert was examined. The effects of the feed, spindle speedand depth of cut on surface roughness were studied. To find out the optimum process parameter, Full Factorial design of experiments was employed. The influence of each process parameters were determined by the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result shows that the selected turning parameters significantly influence the surface roundness and roughness of the machined component.

In recent years, the ultrasound imaging plays a major role in the medical field. It is the diagnostic imaging technique in which the diagnosis has become more complex due to the presence of speckle noise in the image. This speckle noise significantly reduces the image clarity through the diminution of details of the image like edge details, contrast reduction, and resolution problems. Several types of research have been investigated to reduce the speckle noise. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of transformation techniques for reducing the speckle noise from medical ultrasound images by considering the challenges on compressing the medical imaging to deduce extraneous information using the non-subsampled contourlet transform.

In this paper, Differential Transform Method (DTM) has been used to solve some systems of linear and nonlinear Integro-differential equations. The approximate solution in the form of a series are calculated with easily computable terms. The solution obtained using this method is compared with the solution obtained using existing methods.

The present work has been focused on the environmental, health as well as economic aspect and hence planned to use some of the eco-friendly corrosion inhibition behaviour of aqueous and alcoholic extract of six plants selected namely Gloriosa Superba Linn (GSL), Madhuca longifolia (ML), Alangium lamarckiii (AL), Holoptelea integrifolia (HI), Pithecellobium dulce (PD) and Schreabera swietenioids (SS) on mild steel surface in 1N HCl solution were investigated by mass loss with different time of contact, various temperature and evaluated by electrochemical impedance and Tafel studies. Polarization measurement revealed that the plant extracts which can act as mixed type inhibitor. An EIS plot indicates that the increase of inhibitor concentration increased the charge transfer resistance and decreased double layer capacitance. Organic moieties present in the extract were also found responsible performance of the inhibitor which was well supported by FTIR studies. The inhibitive effect of the ML, GSL, PD, AL, HI, and SS (both extracts) could be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituent in the plants which is absorbed on the surface of the mild steel. The nature of Protective film formed on the MS surface has been confirmed by SEM analysis. The surface coverage values were tested graphically to fit for a suitable adsorption isotherm.

Vibration based continuous monitoring system for fault diagnosis of real time hydraulic brake system is presented in this study. Under different simulated fault conditions, the vibration signals were acquired by using a piezoelectric transducer. Data mining plays vital role in fault diagnosis study. The statistical parameters were extracted from the vibration signals for good and different fault conditions of the brakes system. Using the information reduction theory, the good features that discriminate different faulty conditions were formed. The selected features were then classified using the rough set method. The classification result of rough set theory for fault diagnosis of a hydraulic brake system was compared with the results of the fuzzy-rough nearest neighborhood (FRNN) algorithm. The comparative results have been discussed. Comparatively, roughest theory produced better classification accuracy with 96.9 %.

This study is about monitoring the vibration signatures of a Compressed Ignition (CI) engine tested with fish oil biodiesel as a fuel. For analyzing the signatures, data mining plays a vital role. Machine learning has been extensively applied to the engine for the fault diagnosis. Vibration signals are captured using shear accelerometer by varying the load at a constant speed of 1800rpm. Statistical features were extracted from the captured rough vibration signals and feature selection was carried out. The selected features were then classified using Tree classifiers like J48 and Hoeffiding tree. The classification accuracy has been discussed. Comparatively, Hoeffiding tree maximum classification accuracy with 97%

This article presents design and implementation of discrete components based ultra-wideband high speed SPDT switch. Here switch and equalizer are designed separately and integrated with LNA in a single housing. Individual semi active and passive components are designed in 2½ D and 3D full wave EM simulator for 1–18 GHz frequency. Layout implementation of whole circuit has been in CPWG technique instead of normal microstrip line for achieving more isolations between nearest two arms at highest frequencies. Then full system analysis is carried out in 2½ D software of all components. Very high speed driver also designed using simple transistor and NAND gate circuits. Measured results of the proposed switch are found in good agreement with the simulated results.

The primary goals of the STRong lensing Insights into the Dark Energy Survey (STRIDES) collaboration are to measure the dark energy equation of state parameter and the free streaming length of dark matter. To this aim, STRIDES is discovering strongly lensed quasars in the imaging data of the Dark Energy Survey and following them up to measure time delays, high resolution imaging, and spectroscopy sufficient to construct accurate lens models. In this paper, we first present forecasts for STRIDES. Then, we describe the STRIDES classification scheme, and give an overview of the Fall 2016 follow-up campaign. We continue by detailing the results of two selection methods, the outlier selection technique and a morphological algorithm, and presenting lens models of a system that could possibly be a lensed quasar in an unusual configuration. We conclude with the summary statistics of the Fall 2016 campaign. Including searches presented in companion papers (Anguita et al.; Ostrovski et al.), STRIDES followed up 117 targets identifying 7 new strongly lensed systems, and 7 nearly identical quasars, which could be confirmed as lenses by the detection of the lens galaxy. 76 candidates were rejected and 27 remain otherwise inconclusive, for a success rate in the range of 6-35 per cent. This rate is comparable to that of previous searches like SDSS Quasar Lens Search even though the parent data set of STRIDES is purely photometric and our selection of candidates cannot rely on spectroscopic information., TT and VM acknowledge support by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation through a Packard Research Fellowship to TT. TT acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation through grants AST- 1450141 and AST-1714953. CDF and GCFC acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through grants AST-1312329 and AST-1715611. TA and YA acknowledge support by proyecto FONDECYT 11130630 and by the Ministry for the Economy, Development, and Tourism’s Programa Inicativa Científica Milenio through grant IC 12009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS). FC, VB, and JC acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation. SHS thanks the Max Planck Society for support through the Max Planck Research Group

When a truck undergoes acceleration, braking, turning, etc., sloshing of the fuel occurs in the tank. Sloshing can be defined as a non-linear or irregular motion of free surface of fuel inside the ...

Image registration in meteorological images that are acquired continuously for their use in weather forecast activities and other related scientific analysis is a critical requirement. Meteorological images are obtained from geostationary orbits in visible, infrared, water vapor channels covering a large frame of several hundreds of kilometres of geographical extent which generally involve bi-directional scanning to cover larger extents. The acquired images have to be guaranteed for their geometric fidelity to a standard of choice among themselves by image registration. Registration of such images require to deal with low contrast, cloud and snow occlusions apart from navigation data uncertainties. Nevertheless, sub pixel accuracies are demanded for image analysis and geophysical parameters derivations. Feature based registration techniques are commonly used and intensity based techniques are also put to use in these contexts rarely. The proposed feature based approach uses a land water boundary data extraction with phase correlation of image blocks and proposed the intensity based approach tackles the same problem without any preprocessing step using a sampler-metric-transform-optimizer procedure. A comparison of these two approaches is pursued here in this article using various channel data sets of INSAT-3D satellite for sub pixel accuracies

We report on substrate temperature and Cu addition induced changes in the photovoltaic device performance of Glass/TCO/CdS/CdTe/Au heterostructures prepared by the electron beam evaporation technique. Prior to the photovoltaic study, the structural and optical properties of CdTe, CdTe:Cu and CdS/CdTe, CdS/CdTe:Cu layers were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the deposited films belong to a zinc blende structure. The existence of the Te peak in the XRD pattern revealed the presence of excess Te in the deposited film structures, which confirmed the p-type conductive nature of the films. This was further substantiated by the electrical study. The low resistivity of 1 × 103 Ω cm was obtained for 4 wt.% of the Cu-doped CdTe film, which may be due to the substitutional incorporation of more efficient Cu2+ (Cd2+) into the CdTe lattice. The decrease in band gap with increasing Cu content may be attributed to the existence of shallow acceptor level formed by the incorporation of Cu into the CdTe lattice. The efficiency of the cell was increased with increasing Cu concentration and the cell prepared at room temperature with 4 wt.% of Cu addition possessed the maximum conversion efficiency of 1.68%. Further, a good photoresponse of the device is achieved as the Voc and Isc are increased with increase in the input power. Keywords: CdTe, Grain boundary effect, Optical tailoring, Recombination losses, Ideality factor, Parasitic resistances, Conversion efficiency

Nowadays there are numerous intruders trying to get the privacy information from cloud resources and consequently need a high security to secure our data. Moreover, research concerns have various security standards to secure the data using data hiding. In order to maintain the privacy and security in the cloud and big data processing, the recent crypto policy domain combines key policy encryption with reversible data hiding (RDH) techniques. However in this approach, the data is directly embedded resulting in errors during data extraction and image recovery due to reserve leakage of data. Hence, a novel shuffle block key encryption with RDH technique is proposed to hide the data competently. RDH is applied to encrypted images by which the data and the protection image can be appropriately recovered with histogram bit shifting algorithm. The hidden data can be embedded with shuffle key in the form of text with the image. The proposed method generates the room space to hide data with random shuffle after encrypting image using the definite encryption key. The data hider reversibly hides the data, whether text or image using data hiding key with histogram shifted values. If the requestor has both the embedding and encryption keys, can excerpt the secret data and effortlessly extract the original image using the spread source decoding. The proposed technique overcomes the data loss errors competently with two seed keys and also the projected shuffle state RDH procedure used in histogram shifting enhances security hidden policy. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing approaches by effectively recovering the hidden data and cover image without any errors, also scales well for large amount of data.

Anatase TiO2 thin films with high optical modulation, better reversibility, fast switching time, and enhanced coloration efficiency were prepared by nebulized spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of anatase phase TiO2 in the present work. This inference was substantiated from the Raman active modes of A1g, 2 B1g, and 3 Eg corresponding to O–Ti–O bond in TiO2. The PL emission peak observed at 400 nm is corresponds to the indirect transition (X1b → Γ3) from the conduction band to the valence band. The average reflectance of TiO2 thin films was varied from 31 to 20%. The electrochemical study revealed the excellent performance of TiO2 films with high optical modulation (ΔT = 61%), fast switching kinetics (t b = 1.6 s, t c = 2.4 s), good coloration efficiency (100 cm2 C−1), and better reversibility (86%). The efficient electrochromic behavior of films may be due to the smooth microstructure nature, which provides an easy pathway for the diffusion and charge transfer process of Li+ ions in TiO2 film matrix. The fast transfer of Li+ ion was realized from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurement.

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Paiyur during the year 2017-2018, to improve the physiological and flowering parameters using various plant growth regulators and nutrients. Observations were recorded on physiological and floral parameters. The chlorophyll ‘a’ (2.21 mg/g), ‘b’ (1.80 mg/g), total chlorophyll content (2.68 mg/g), chlorophyll index (57.98) and total soluble protein content (13.96 mg/g) were higher in the treatment PBZ (paclobutrazol) @ 0.75 g a.i. per m2 + KNO3 (1%) + NAA (20 ppm) during the main season. The least number of days were taken for initiation of first flowering (61.00 days) in the same treatment during the main season. Number of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle (458.29), length of panicle (43.63 cm) and number of panicles per m2 (36.33), were higher during the main season comparing the off season crop in the same treatment.

We have developed fully fourth order accurate compact finite difference discretization scheme for the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with Maxwell's equations. The implementation is done in cylindrical polar geometry. Due to the full-MHD modeling of physical flow, the modeled equations are fully nonlinear coupled hydrodynamic equations which are again coupled with Maxwells equations. In our computations, we have accounted for the induced magnetic field in the flow of an electrically conducting fluid in an external magnetic field. The code is tested against available experimental and theoretical data where applicable. It is observed that a smaller grid of 64×64 is sufficient for weakly nonlinear problems and higher grids up to 512×512 are needed as the degree of nonlinearities grow in the modeled equation. In the absence of magnetic field, a discontinuity of total drag coefficient and separation length is noted for Re=73 which is in agreement with literature. When the magnetic Reynolds number Rm 1, it decreases nonlinearly, at a much faster rate. Thermal boundary layer thickness decreases as the strength of magnetic field increases and it forces the thermal convection to take place in a laminar structure as observed from thermal contour lines. Finally, using divided differences, we establish that the accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme is in fact fourth order.

In the present work, for the first time, we report γ-MnS films with a 3D microsphere morphology prepared through a chemical bath deposition technique at low temperature under aqueous conditions. The X-ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of wurtzite phase γ-MnS. Growth temperature induces a change in the morphology of γ-MnS films from microspheres to microflakes, which may be due to the difference in the nucleation process. The obtained γ-MnS microspheres have a surface area of ∼25 m2 g−1. The photoluminescence spectra show a strong yellow emission band centered at about 550 nm. The obtained microsphere ensemble plays a crucial role in influencing the magnetic behavior of γ-MnS films. The highest coercive field (3320 Oe) and saturation magnetization (17 emu g−1) were obtained for γ-MnS microspheres prepared at 60 °C.

We study the impact of modified saturable nonlinearity on modulational instability (MI) criteria in a coupled birefringent fiber using pulse propagation technique. Based on the standard linear stability method, we enquire nonlinear self/cross phase modulation on MI in a coupled Kundu–Eckhaus (KE) equation in the absence of nonlinear four-wave mixing expression. Using the modified KE equation, we study the role of modified form of saturable nonlinearity on MI in a birefringent KE model with the adjustable self/cross phase modulation coefficients. In the case of KE without nonlinear saturation and four-wave mixing, we observed that the cross phase modulation (XPM) has less induced the instability region on MI in coupled birefringent fiber system as compared to self phase modulation (SPM) case as shown in Ref. Parasuraman (2021). But, in saturable KE model showed different characteristics of MI and growth rate of profile in a coupled birefringent fiber system in the presence of particular emphasis values of the nonlinear terms as depicted in Ref. Mohanraj (2021). This study shows the novel results of MI criterion in a coupled KE birefringent media with the help of modified type of saturable nonlinearity and both SPM/XPM values. From the above-detailed discussion, the modified form of saturable nonlinearity plays an important role for MI generation in a KE birefringent media. However, the modified nonlinear saturation KE model more helps to generate ultrashort pulses and soliton or solitary wave in a coupled nonlinear birefringent fiber with the help of 3D images.

The present work shows the role of nonlinear saturation effects on modulational instability (MI) in a birefringent media with the help of nonlinear wave propagation technique. Using the Kundu–Eckhaus (KE) equation, we investigate both self phase and cross phase modulation effect on MI in a birefringent media without four wave mixing term. We consider only KE equation model without the existence of four wave mixing expression and the standard linear stability theory is presented to the appropriate model. In the case of modified KE equation, we discuss the role of MI in a birefringent fiber system with the help of conventional type of saturation effect. In the case of KE without four wave mixing, we observed that the SPM plays a vital role on MI in coupled birefringent fiber compared to XPM as shown in Ref. Parasuraman (2021). But, In saturable KE has different MI characteristic as well as growth rate of profile in birefringent model with the help of particular emphasis values of the nonlinear parameters. However, the nonlinear saturation KE model more helps to generate soliton or solitary wave in coupled nonlinear birefringent fiber in the presence of both SPM and XPM.

Background: Consistently following and practicing the instructions given in the educational booklets helps in the disease awareness and its management.Methods: The study was developed by formulating the booklet content; content selection and source reference; framing the content; artfully crafting the pictures; booklet layout; approval by the specialist and audience; modifying and proofreading. For content validation, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) score and scale level content validity index (S-CVI) score of minimum 0.80 was considered.Results: The booklet was created by focusing on 5 main aspects namely information about the disease and the importance about the lifestyle changes, exercises, advices that needs to be considered while exercising, footcare and fall prevention techniques. The recommendations made by the experts and the participants were accepted and incorporated in the booklet. The mean I-CVI and S-CVI scores are >0.90. The booklet was easy to read, understand and apply by the experts and participants.Conclusions: The results indicated that validated booklet can be considered as a useful educational tool for promoting the wellness among the elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus.