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Determining the author of a text is a difficult task. Here, we compare multiple Artificial Intelligence techniques for classifying literary texts written by multiple authors by taking into account a limited number of speech parts (prepositions, adverbs, and conjunctions). We also introduce a new dataset composed of texts written in the Romanian language on which we have run the algorithms. The compared methods are artificial neural networks, multi-expression programming, k-nearest neighbour, support vector machines, and decision trees with C5.0. Numerical experiments show, first of all, that the problem is difficult, but some algorithms are able to generate acceptable error rates on the test set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is a mere fact nowadays that linguistic loans are progressively adopted by a great amount of native Romanian speakers. Facing this reality, linguists tend to respond either by accepting the fatality of influence or by attempting to reject the entire process, turning language into a battle field of such extreme ideas as imposing laws against excessive linguistic borrowings. Even the middle path that was taken by researchers since 1990 (the reference point for the linguistic boom of English words in Romanian language, a boom that currently affects our floating communicational standards) relies on extralinguistic criteria such as necessity or futility, linguistic trends or linguistic supremacy, political correctness or cultural decadence, mass colonization or snobbery. Nevertheless, these criteria do not exclude a well-balanced statistical analysis, a moderate tone, and a dual perspective that, in the end, brings forth the intrinsic speakers' motivations along to their extrinsic ones. Under these circumstances, our paper discusses the influence that English loanwords bring upon the communicational level of contemporary Romanian language. Namely, we focus on two loanwords (target and hostess), as well as on a semantic calque (ospitalitate - hospitality), in order to grasp the hidden complexity entailed in the process of linguistic globalization. Our explanatory endeavour integrates the corpus within the conceptual frame of normative grammar, lexicology, and semantics. Generally speaking, we illustrate how particular lexical-semantic phenomena, namely calques and barbarisms, may generate discourse trends and, moreover, communicational patterns or habits which, in time, become vectors indicating more or less dramatic linguistic changes. From a lexical and semantic perspective, these shifts are a sign of creativity and dynamics. From a normative perspective, they show some points of vulnerability regarding the communicational dimension of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at identifying and interpreting the role that the horse plays in disenchantments and other magical formulas recited during spell casting. Furthermore, it points at the significance that this complex animal has in dreams or superstitions. More specifically, we extracted our corpus from the answers to question number 138 of the first survey issued by The Museum of the Romanian Language in 1922 (the first one in a collection of eight surveys): "What do people believe about the horse? What role does it play in carols, spells, and disenchantments?" The answers were provided by village intellectuals, mostly teachers and priests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is a continuation of our previous research published in 2019. It aims to describe the manner in which the authors/editors of several dictionaries of the Romanian language, compiled during the 19th and the 20th centuries, have resorted to cognitive metaphors and mental imagery in order to convey their understanding of language and its development. We have also paid particular attention to the significant shifts in the relationship between language, ideology and national identity as reflected in the prefaces to the lexicographical works we have examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the online comprehension and the production of multiple interrogatives in 18 Romanian-English bilingual children aged 6;0-9;2 (MAGE = 8;0) living in the UK who have Romanian as heritage language (L1) and English as majority language (L2) and 32 Romanian monolingual children aged 6;11 to 9;8 (MAGE = 8;3). We examined whether differences emerge between heritage and monolingual children in the online comprehension and in the production of multiple interrogatives in Romanian, which requires fronting of all wh-phrases, contrary to English. The main aim was to uncover to which extent similarities or differences in morphosyntactic properties between the L1 and the L2 systems affect the acquisition and processing of the heritage language/L1. Online comprehension was assessed in a self-paced listening task, while production was assessed using an elicitation task. The results reveal that Romanian heritage children show similar online comprehension patterns to monolingual children for multiple interrogatives in Romanian. A different pattern emerges for production as heritage children produce less complex multiple questions in Romanian and avoid movement of two wh-phrases in all elicited structures. Given that their predominant responses for multiple interrogatives only make use of the structural option present in English, namely one fronted wh-phrase and one in-situ, we take this to show that there is transfer from the majority language to the heritage language. Thus, language production in the children's L1 seems to be affected by properties of the dominant L2, under cross-linguistic influence. Taken together, the results for both comprehension and production suggest that heritage children are able to establish the underlying representation of multiple wh-movement structures, similarly to monolinguals, but have difficulties activating the more complex structure in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My study aims to address the phenomenon of literary multilingualism in the nineteenth-century Romanian novel. Based on Johan Heilbron’s approach on “translations as a cultural world-system” and his classification into hyper-central, central, semi-peripheral and peripheral languages, my analysis discusses the nineteenth-century Romanian language at an early stage of its consolidation and thus in self-colonial and anti-colonial relations to the “hegemony” of the French language. Taking advantage of this framework, I consider that the majority of literary code-switching examples faithfully render these linguistic relations, so my study proposes a classification of literary multilingualism into the following possible categories: a livresque multilingualism, which satisfies the self-colonial tendencies of the nineteenth-century language, a latent multilingualism, which can also be associated with an attempt at linguistic bovarisation, but also with the search for authenticity in novels through suggestion and “explicit attribution” (Meir Sternberg), a thesistic multilingualism, in such cases where the novel didactically presents foreign language insertions, and a functional multilingualism. Finally, my paper also launches a discussion of another type of multilingualism, that as a source for “defamiliarization”, which I expect to find in the Romanian novel of the twentieth century, when the Romanian language is no longer in danger of self-colonization and passes by the incipient stage, the phenomenon of code-switching serving Viktor Shklovsky’s technique of “defamiliarization”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increased popularity of social media platforms such as Twitter or Facebook, sentiment analysis (SA) over the microblogging content becomes of crucial importance. The literature reports good results for well-resourced languages such as English, Spanish or German, but open research space still exists for underrepresented languages such as Romanian, where there is a lack of public training datasets or pretrained word embeddings. The majority of research on Romanian SA tackles the issue in a binary classification manner (positive vs. negative), using a single public dataset which consists of product reviews. In this paper, we respond to the need for a media surveillance project to possess a custom multinomial SA classifier for usage in a restrictive and specific production setup. We describe in detail how such a classifier was built, with the help of an English dataset (containing around 15 , 000 tweets) translated to Romanian with a public translation service. We test the most popular classification methods that could be applied to SA, including standard machine learning, deep learning and BERT. As we could not find any results for multinomial sentiment classification (positive, negative and neutral) in Romanian, we set two benchmark accuracies of ≈78% using standard machine learning and ≈81% using BERT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the automatic translation service does not downgrade the learning performance by comparing the accuracies achieved by the models trained on the original dataset with the models trained on the translated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In more recent normative works of the Romanian language, the way in which the sequence dar și [but also] is discussed indicates an acceptance of it among the copulative coordinating constructions, along with those organized in correlative pairs. As in the case of nu numai ..., dar și [not only..., but also], the correct involvement in the discourse of dar și is necessarily controlled by the latent adversative semantic content of the conjunction dar [but] from its structure. In everyday use, however, the transmitter no longer takes into account the fact that dar și "focuses the syntactic limb it precedes, presenting it as less likely, therefore more significant". In situations as such, dar și appears as a verbal excess, instead of the simple coordinating conjunction și [and]. The tendency could be justified by the speaker's need to compensate, through the formal note and lexical agglomeration, for the simplicity (sometimes pauperity) of the content that is to be transmitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first dialectometric analysis of intonational variation of standard spoken Romanian. The data analysed (26,680 sentences) were gathered within the AMPER-ROM project and the dialectometrical analysis has been carried out with ProDis. The results are consistent with the geolinguistic descriptions of Romanian varieties. ProDis identified two major areas for yes-no questions: a central-eastern one (Moldo-Walachian), with rising contours, and a central-western one (Transylvanian, discontinuously continuing over Bukovina to Bessarabia--the Republic of Moldova--), which presents also falling contours. The study suggests that intonational areas are somehow more conservative of and (relatively) independent from segmental dialectal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on an analysis of the intonation patterns of different types of vocatives in Romanian language. We present the main characteristics of the tonal patterns observed in the vocative constructions instances of isolated vocatives and contexts in which vocatives occur in different positions: initial, middle, and final. Our analysis, in the framework of AM phonology with ToBI conventions, reveals that most of isolated vocatives are realized as LsH*(!)H% (vocative chant), and L+H* L% (insistent call). For non-isolated vocatives the most frequent contours are labeled as L+H* L% and H+L* L%. Cross-linguistically, our findings show that Romanian vocatives display the same pattern as other Romance languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most relevant features of Romanian phonetics and phonology are the diphthongs/ea/and/oa/, which have aroused the interest of many researchers (Mussafia, 1868; Diez, 2021: 130-135; Miklosich, 2010; Meyer-Lübke, 1890; Iordan, 1920; Lombard, 1955; Petrovici, 1956, 1957, 1959; Rosetti, 1959; Vasiliu, 1968; Sala, 1976; Loporcaro, 2011; Sánchez Miret, 2013, among others). These contrast phonologically with the Spanish hiatus/e.a/and/o.a/. For this reason, in this study we want to analyze the possible pronunciation of Romanian Spanish learners taking into account seven university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to classify Romanian dialects from a prosodic point of view within the European Romance-speaking area. The data is part of the Multimedia Atlas of Romance Prosody - AMPER (Contini, 1992) and is analysed dialectometrically by means of ProDis (Elvira-García et al., 2015; Fernández Planas, 2016). The database includes more than 17,000 utterances produced by 48 speakers from 26 survey sites of 15 varieties of 6 Romance languages (Catalan, Spanish, Italian, Sardinian, Friulian and Romanian). The results show that the two main prosodic areas of Romanian (see Roseano, 2016b) remain separate when they are dialectometrized with data from other Romance languages. In addition, if one analyses questions and statements separately, it can be seen that questions allow us to distinguish geoprosodic areas more effectively than statements do (as suggested by previous studies such as Fernández Planas et al., 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses about the Special Issue Current Approaches to Romanian and Spanish Intonation with focuses on Prosodic distances between different survey sites in Romance-speaking Europe, a dialectometric approach to Romanian intonation.and Some considerations about intonation patterns of vocatives in Romanian language.

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In modern times, the language of ordinary people was different from the language of educated people by limiting these traditional lexical funds or, at most, by using a limited number of neologisms. The massive import of neologisms influenced the literary language, which went through a long process of taking over insufficient assimilated elements, a process that began a long time ago and will not end soon. In the current stage, the assimilation of neologisms marks an obvious acceleration of the rhythm. The current Romanian language includes a rich and varied lexicon, formed by various vocabulary enrichment procedures, traditional or innovative, of which an extremely important one is represented by the recent borrowings from English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syntactic level of the Romanian language recorded by Alecsandri in his grammar is not assigned a separate compartment, but the wide series of nominal, verbal and phrastic structures, illustrated during the grammar, can induce, for the student, the rules according to which words are combined into sentences in the language he must learn. In this sense, we also expose some syntactic characteristics of the Romanian language of the time of Alecsandri, deduced from the examination of some samples extracted from this handbook, characteristics that confirm the contribution of the writer to the process of modernization of the Romanian literary language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the way Hamlet was translated in the nineteenth century and how the versions it was translated from affected the final Romanian versions. Taking into account the influence the French language had on the literature and traslations of the time, we will analyse the linguistic particularities of the text, the new entries and the archaic words, the synonyms, semantic relationships and some lexical aspects. Due to the socialpolitical life of the time, French became the most frequently used language leaving its traits into the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The news site ro.sputnik.md is the Romanian language version of the Sputnik news website platform, owned by the Russian government, one of the main channels used by the Kremlin to disseminate mis- and disinformation across Russian borders. The current research aims to identify the frames associated with anti-COVID-19 vaccines, and the news values employed in constructing news discourse on vaccination in ro.sputnik.md media texts. To map the media frames and the lexical and discursive constructions, the research proposes a mixed methods content-based approach, where automated text analysis (frequency, co-occurrence, n-grams) is combined with thematic and discourse analysis. Six emphasis frames are identified in the corpus (N=1,165): Superiority of the Russian Sputnik V Vaccine, Fatal/Side Effects of EU Authorized Vaccines, Limitations of Individual Rights and Freedoms, EU and/or Romanian Authorities’ Struggle, Children and Teenagers’ Protection, and Big Pharma Conspiracy. The findings show that specific discursive patterns are associated with the negative news value: death, side effects (blood clot, thrombosis, coagulation), restrictions, and interdictions or warnings (serious, risk, negative, panic, etc.), while the conflict news value is associated with warfare vocabulary (defense, threat, battle, fire, gunpowder, etc.); and eliteness, with well-known actors (state leaders, European leaders, famous ”conspirators”) and countries (powerful international actors, meaningful neighbours). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the advent of a new era of teaching, the development of communicative skills has been seen as one of the central objectives of language learning. However, the present-day context of the COVID-19 pandemic made us re-think and re-structure the majority of our teaching practices, including speaking activities that we used to suggest to our Romanian language students. In this paper, we have tried to tackle the topic of the development of communicative skills in teaching Romanian as a foreign language in an online classroom. The paper presents a list of obstacles that we, as teachers of Romanian as a foreign language, have encountered in the COVID-period teaching, such as students' shyness and reluctance to participate due to various reasons, the difficulties linked to the organization of pair- and groupwork, the obstacles in correcting and moulding students' pronunciation, as well as lack of feedback or reaction on part of students in the situations when a dialogue is intended by the teacher. All of these challenges are accompanied by potential solutions that we have found useful and efficient in our teaching practice. Moreover, the paper presents a number of activities that can be successfully used in an online environment for the development of learners' communicative skills. Taking into consideration the challenges presented in the second section of the article, we have tried to give some practical suggestions on how the respective activities can be conducted in an online classroom in an optimal way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implicit causality is the property of interpersonal verbs to relate two human or animate entities in such a way that one of the referents is assumed to have caused the action or attitude described by the verb. This assumption, which has been termed bias and which is seemingly rooted in the argument structure of verbs, affects remention and subsequent pronominalization. This paper surveys theoretical and psycholinguistic approaches to causality in language with a focus on implicit causal relations expressed inter-clausally by verbs. It also presents the preliminary results of an off-line sentence-continuation study in which we tested the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural consistency of the implicit causality bias patterns of interpersonal verbs in Romanian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks at size nouns of the type grămadă 'heap / pile' in Romanian and classifies them into two categories: size nouns with a comparative interpretation (Doetjes and Rooryck 2003) and size nouns with a quantifying interpretation (Brems 2007; 2010), the latter reading being sometimes contextually extended to a third type of interpretation, the negative evaluation interpretation (Brems 2010). The two major types of readings that size nouns may have are read off a head-complement syntactic structure, typical for pseudopartitive constructions, which size nouns+de+N constitute a subcategory of (Tănase-Dogaru 2017). The comparative interpretation arises as a reflex of the semi-lexicality of the size noun, while the quantifying interpretation is a reflex of the size noun having lost its original lexical meaning, and therefore serving a functional role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After 1989, Romania was faced with the challenge of integrating increasing numbers of foreigners who arrived in the country to work or study, in other words, to live for shorter or longer periods of time. Without any colonial past and deprived of contacts with the world abroad for many decades, the post-communist Romanian society has had to acquire the necessary skills to handle interaction with people of diverse cultural, historical, linguistic or religious backgrounds. The social need to efficiently communicate and work with foreigners rapidly became more stringent in the higher education system, as a result of international academic mobility. Starting from the assumptions that culture and language are closely linked, and developing intercultural communicative competence is an educational goal in itself, the aim of this paper is to address certain cultural aspects that are involved in the process of teaching and learning a foreign language. It briefly reviews the literature on the topic, and focuses on practical suggestions that teachers can make use of in the multicultural classroom of Romanian as a foreign language. The presentation leads to the conclusion that the acquisition of intercultural competence is an on-going process that will continue long after the language course has been completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicar (English Edition) is the property of Oxbridge Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We propose a multimodal approach to teaching intensity in the context of Romanian as a Foreign Language (RFL) courses, by using a micro corpus of audiovisual advertisements, and we test this corpus for the specific case of teaching high intensity. We set our work on theoretical, empirical and methodological grounds. In the applied part, we propose exercises for all six levels of linguistic competence as established in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The wide range of possible didactic activities, which may be built for the various linguistic competences confirms the multimodal approach and audiovisual advertising as effective tools for teaching RFL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present a comprehensive analysis of study-related migration of Moldovan ethnics from the Transnistrian region, also known as a post-Soviet unrecognized entity. The Transnistrian region is a narrow strip of land located between Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, which is affected by massive migration flows. The young people of the Transnistrian region are inclined to migrate permanently to neighbouring countries and Western EU member states. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of migration from the disputed land is an under-researched topic. Therefore, this study aims to determine the particularities of this phenomenon, the main root causes and the perception of students concerning studies abroad, life in a disputed territory, and the impact of the unresolved status issue. The research is based on a two-pronged approach in order to determine the complexity and the magnitude of study-related migration. It presents the results of 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with students who graduated from Moldovan-administered Latin-script schools and it analyses the data provided by Transnistrian and Moldovan institutions. A special attention is given to graduates of Romanian language schools because their decision to migrate is influenced by a more diverse combination of push and pull factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first genuine human-rated similarity set for the Romanian language aligned with an English similarity dataset is presented. Two computational models automatically learn the similarity scores for the word pairs in the similarity set. The first model learns the similarity scores from language corpora. The second one assigns a similarity score based on the taxonomic structure of a semantic network. We studied what model captures human similarity scores best, the language influence on the perception of similarity, and the impact of parts of speech on similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We all know that the role of kindergarten is significant in the development and growth of the young child. Equally important is its education in his mother tongue, the language it hears for the first time from his parents. We often hear the question "Which kindergarten should I enroll my child in?" It is a difficult decision, the responsibility of the parent, who wants the best, the most suitable decisions for the child. Many parents tend to enroll the child in a group with teaching activities in Romanian language, wanting to help the learning of the Romanian language - the second language - from the preschool period. But with this decision we are not giving the child an easier start in life, no matter how much we are tempted to think so. The fact that we speak to them in a language other than our mother tongue will not help them integrate more easily into the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our article aims to describe some characteristics of the language of fashion, probably the most dynamic of contemporary languages. The phenomenon of creativity and linguistic change is also evident in the Romanian language of fashion which, in less than 50 years, has undergone spectacular and profound transformations, especially at the phonetic and lexical levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to clearly see the problems arising in the teaching of the Romanian language and to find out the suggestions regarding to the solution, we need to know the opinion of the teachers who teach in elementary classes. This research endeavors to find out how teachers experience the Romanian lessons given in Hungarian classes, how they motivate the children and what suggestions they have for the parents. I interviewed a total of 52 teachers from different counties of the country. More than half of the interviewed teachers declare that they like the Romanian lessons and experience them as a challenge. Most of them devote an hour or more for the preparation of the Romanian lessons. Almost half of the teachers (44,23%) claim that children are not motivated to learn the Romanian language. There are even students who do not speak or do not want to speak at all at the Romanian lessons. Teachers motivate these children through more encouragement, games, pair work, retelling and helpful questions. Most of the teachers think that the reason of the failure may be that there is no suitable environment for practicing the Romanian language, and the parents' attitude towards the Romanian language is not always appropriate either. Although the majority of the parents would wish to be partners in motivating their children to learn the Romanian language, since they do not know Romanian well either, they cannot help their children. The following suggestions are the most common among those addressed to the parents: talk to their children in Romanian at home, find Romanian-speaking friends for their children, watch Romanian fairy tales/cartoons with them and take them to an environment where they have the opportunity to practice the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemics, the art teaching process within the higher education system had to incorporate the on-line experienc, with the help of dedicated software platforms. This paper proposes a solution for making remote teaching more effective for hearing-impaired students, so that they may have access to the oral explanations of the teaching staff, given the circumstances of the lack of linguistic IT support for the Romanian language in the dedicated software for PCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to an exponential increase in the use of Internet by persons from different countries and educational backgrounds, the offensive online language detection has become a significant task facing natural language processing. Considering the major negative impact of this type of content in the case of youngers, detecting online toxic language to protect users' online safety becomes an urgent issue. The project has two main goals: (1) developing an annotated corpus of offensive content for Romanian language and (2) testing various machine learning algorithms to identify a best approach. The proposed methods achieve results with a few percentages more than the accuracy of the current SoTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian WordNet (RoWN) database is an impressive collection of Romanian nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, which can be seen as a network of nodes where, words can be found in a certain context to have the same meaning, and in the mesh of that network are found the other words that in turn can become a network node for another word in a specific context. In this study we propose an approach for the problem of aligning the word senses form RoWordNet with those of the Thesaurus Dictionary of the Romanian Language in electronic format (eDTLR), by exploiting the collections of definitions and examples in the two linguistic thesauri, based on a statistical model, where four heuristics are proposed for solving this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies some occurences in which the word fapt (fact), derived from the Latin perfect passive participle factum, works with verbal and substantive value, as well as the contexts in which it has the meaning of spell. After a history of the term, which documents the transition from the etymological form fapt to the analogical form făcut (made), the article analyses the absolute transitive status of the verb to make and the semantic recovery of the unexpressed direct complement in certain syntactic patterns. The examples taken from the folklore material collected by Grigore Tocilescu, Simeon Florea Marian, Tudor Pamfile, I. Jarnik, Andrei Bârseanu highlight that the intended meaning, that of spell, appears in both nominal forms (analogous and etymological) and only in the analogical verbal form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]