Search

In this study, four different plastic materials usually used in the agricultural sector (polystyrene film (PS), polyethylene terephthalate film (PET), low-density polyethylene film (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene film (LLDPE)) were subjected to different abiotic treatments, including photo-oxidation (ultraviolet and e-beam radiation) and thermochemical treatments, to enhance polymer degradation. The extensive use of these polymers leads to large amounts of plastic waste generation, including small plastic pieces, known as microplastics, which affect the quality of the agricultural environment, including soil fertility and quality. Therefore, polymer degradation strategies are needed to effectively reduce plastic waste to protect the agricultural sector. The degree of polymer degradation was assessed by the use of thermal and spectroscopic analyses, such as TGA and FTIR. In addition, efficiency, cost–benefits, and potential side-effects were also evaluated to propose the optimal degradation strategy to reduce plastic waste from the point of view of efficiency. The results obtained showed that the pre-treatments based on photo-oxidation (ultraviolet B and C and e-beam radiation) were more efficient and had a better cost–benefit for the degradation of the polymers studied in relation to the thermochemical treatments. Specifically, ultraviolet photo-oxidation worked well for PS and PET, requiring low energy and medium times. However, e-beam radiation was recommended for PE (LDPE and LLDPE) degradation, since high energy and long times were needed when ultraviolet energy was applied to this polymer. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of the plastic degradation of pre-treatments should be studied using a multicriteria approach, since FTIR assessments, in some cases, only consider oxidation processes on the plastic surface and do not show the potential integrity changes on the plastic probes.

Propósito: El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la manipulación de estados financieros de empresas del sector no financiero listadas en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV) con el modelo M-Score de Beneish. Metodología: El estudio consiste en una investigación cuantitativa con alcance inicial exploratorio y alcance final descriptivo y diseño no exploratorio longitudinal, se hace uso de muestreo no probabilístico deliberado con 95% de confiabilidad y 6% de margen de error, dando como resultado una muestra de 83 empresas del sector no financiero que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores en el periodo 2020-2022. Conclusiones: La investigación señala que dentro de la BMV existen empresas con indicios de distorsión financiera, entre sus principales causas podrían ser una incorrecta aplicación de las NIF, prácticas contables engañosas (gestión de resultados) y en el caso más grave un fraude deliberado (manipulación de resultados). La firma Deloitte resalta como el principal auditor externo, auditando a más del 40% de las empresas de la muestra. Implicaciones de la Investigación: Los resultados constituyen un aporte a la literatura sobre la detección de fraudes contables en México, la información también es de utilidad para profesionistas independientes, administradores y gerentes de empresas, inversionistas y las propias entidades reguladoras de las empresas bursátiles en México.

The application of state-of-the-art technologies in functional fields is complex and offers a significant challenge to user and expert teams as well as to technical teams. This chapter presents a mechanism that has been used in a project in the context of digital publications. Ensuring the traceability of digital publications (e-books and e-journals) is a critical aspect of the utmost importance for authors, publishers, and buyers. The SmartISBN project has used blockchain technology to define a protocol for the identification, tracking, and traceability of digital publications. As this was an innovative project that required communication between functional experts (authors, publishers, booksellers, etc.) and technical experts, it was necessary to identify protocols to facilitate communication. This chapter presents the protocol by which the functional tests have been defined and how this has favoured the validation of the project.

Este documento presenta el diseño, desarrollo y análisis del sondeo realizado en una muestra aleatoria de la población acerca de cómo diferentes estilos de páginas web pueden afectar la experiencia y las preferencias de los usuarios al interactuar con ellas y al decantarse por unas u otras. Este trabajo utiliza una metodología descriptiva mixta y ofrece resultados en parámetros cuantitativos y cualitativos del análisis de los datos obtenidos. Para ello, se ha formulado un objetivo general: analizar las preferencias de los usuarios acerca de los diferentes estilos y diseños de páginas web, que hemos concretado en tres objetivos específicos que guían el desarrollo de dicho análisis. Para realizar nuestro análisis, se han organizado los datos obtenidos en diagramas, obteniendo una visión global de los aspectos más atractivos a la hora de seleccionar una página web. Abstract: This document presents the design, development and analysis of the survey conducted on a random sample of the population about how different styles of web pages can affect the experience and preferences of users when interacting with them and choosing one or the other. This work uses a mixed descriptive methodology and offers results in quantitative and qualitative parameters of the analysis of the data obtained. To this end, we have formulated a general objective: to analyze the preferences of users about the different styles and designs of web pages, which we have specified in three specific objectives that guide the development of this analysis. To carry out our analysis, we have organized the data obtained in diagrams, obtaining a global vision of the most attractive aspects when selecting a web page.

[Resumen] El presente TFM se basa en la rehabilitación de una vivienda unifamiliar tradicional del siglo XIX, con la que el autor tiene un fuerte vínculo emocional. El trabajo académico incluye una investigación de la esencia del edificio, con un exhaustivo análisis de sus patologías y carencias. En base a ello se proponen las actuaciones de rehabilitación del edificio. El orden metodológico es el siguiente: ‐En primer lugar: Consolidar el edificio con las intervenciones necesarias en muros y estructura de madera ‐En segundo lugar: Reparar lo dañado: Carpinterías exteriores…etc ‐En tercer lugar: Corregir algunas intervenciones anteriores que el autor considera desafortunadas ‐Por último: intervenir para mejorar el funcionamiento y uso del edificio adecuándolo a las necesidades actuales. En suma, se trata de la rehabilitación de una edificación tradicional del rural gallego para adaptarla a las prestaciones demandadas siguiendo una filosofía continuista. Se tratará como un ajuste más en el ciclo de vida del edificio. Se entiende como contraposición a intervenciones radicales o a los procesos de demolición y obra nueva con los impactos ambientales, referenciales y de memoria del lugar que ello conlleva. Aunque no todo edificio merece ser rehabilitado, y no en todos los casos ello es posible económicamente, se propone este edificio como caso de estudio., [Abstract] This Master's Thesis is based on the rehabilitation of a traditional nineteenth‐century single‐family house, with which the author has a strong emotional bond. . The academic work includes an investigation of the essence of the building, with an exhaustive analysis of its pathologies and shortcomings. Based on this, the rehabilitation actions of the building are proposed. The methodological order is as follows: ‐Firstly: Consolidate the building with the necessary interventions in walls and wooden structure ‐Secondly: Repair what has been damaged: Exterior carpentry... etc ‐Thirdly: To correct some previous interventions that the author considers unfortunate ‐Finally: intervene to improve the operation and use of the building, adapting it to current needs. In short, it is the rehabilitation of a traditional building in the Galician countryside to adapt it to the services demanded following a philosophy of continuity. It will be treated as one more adjustment in the life cycle of the building. It is understood as a counterposition to radical interventions or the processes of demolition and new construction with the environmental, referential and memory impacts of the place that this entails. Although not every building deserves to be rehabilitated, and not in all cases this is economically possible, this building is proposed as a case study., [Resumo] Este TFM baséase na rehabilitación dunha vivenda unifamiliar tradicional do século XIX, coa que o autor ten un forte vínculo emocional. O traballo académico inclúe unha investigación da esencia do edificio, cun exhaustivo análise das súas patoloxías e carencias. Con isto propóñense as actuacións de rehabilitación do edificio. A orde metodolóxica é a seguinte: ‐En primeiro lugar: Consolidar o edificio coas intervencións necesarias en muros e estrutura de madeira ‐En segundo lugar: Amañar o danado: Carpinteirías exteriores... etc ‐En terceiro lugar: Corrixir algunhas intervencións anteriores que o autor considera desafortunadas ‐Por último: intervir para mellorar o funcionamento e uso do edificio adecuándoo ás necesidades actuais. En suma, trátase da rehabilitación dunha edificación tradicional do rural galego para adaptala ás prestacións demandadas seguindo unha filosofía continuista. Tratarase como un axuste máis no ciclo de vida do edificio. Enténdese como contraposición a intervencións radicais ou aos procesos de demolición e obra nova cos impactos ambientais, referenciais e de memoria do lugar que iso leva. Aínda que non todo edificio merece ser rehabilitado, e non en todos os casos iso é posible economicamente, proponse este edificio como caso de estudo.

El TFM que se ha desarrollado tiene por objetivo aplicar un algoritmo genético multiobjetivo (SPEA2) al Problema de Programación Multiproyecto Descentralizado con Restricción de Recursos (DRCMPSP). Para ello, ha sido necesario hacer un estudio tanto del algoritmo genético utilizado SPEA2, como de los objetivos más adecuados para la optimización bi-objetivo. Se utilizará una base de ejemplos ampliamente utilizada en este campo de investigación, y los resultados obtenidos serán analizados en profundidad., The developed Master's thesis aims to apply a multi-objective genetic algorithm (SPEA2) to the problem of decentralized resource-constrained multi-project scheduling. To achieve this, it was necessary to study both the genetic algorithm used, SPEA2, and the most suitable objectives for bi-objective optimization. An extensively used benchmark dataset in this research field will be employed, and the obtained results will be thoroughly analyzed., Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Máster en Ingeniería Industrial

Rotavirus (RV) replication takes place in the viroplasms, cytosolic inclusions that allow the synthesis of virus genome segments and their encapsidation in the core shell, followed by the addition of the second layer of the virion. The viroplasms are composed of several viral proteins, including NSP5, which serves as the main building block. Microtubules, lipid droplets, and miRNA-7 are among the host components recruited in viroplasms. We investigated the interaction between RV proteins and host components of the viroplasms by performing a pull-down assay of lysates from RV-infected cells expressing NSP5-BiolD2. Subsequent tandem mass spectrometry identified all eight subunits of the tailless complex polypeptide I ring complex (TRiC), a cellular chaperonin responsible for folding at least 10% of the cytosolic proteins. Our confirmed findings reveal that TRiC is brought into viroplasms and wraps around newly formed double-layered particles. Chemical inhibition of TRiC and silencing of its subunits drastically reduced virus progeny production. Through direct RNA sequencing, we show that TRiC is critical for RV replication by controlling dsRNA genome segment synthesis, particularly negative-sense single-stranded RNA. Importantly, cryo-electron microscopy analysis shows that TRiC inhibition results in defective virus particles lacking genome segments and polymerase complex (VP1/VP3). Moreover, TRiC associates with VP2 and NSP5 but not with VP1. Also, VP2 is shown to be essential for recruiting TRiC in viroplasms and preserving their globular morphology. This study highlights the essential role of TRiC in viroplasm formation and in facilitating virion assembly during the RV life cycle.

This is an exercise to explore the concentration of lithium, lithium-7 isotope and the possible presence of black dirty ice on the lunar surface using spectral data obtained from the Clementine mission. The main interest in tracing the lithium and presence of dark ice on the lunar surface is closely related to future human settlement missions on the moon. We investigate the distribution of lithium and 7 Li isotope on the lunar surface by employing spectral data from the Clementine images. We utilized visible (VIS–NIR) imagery at wavelengths of 450, 750, 900, 950 and 1000 nm, along with near-infrared (NIR–SWIR) at 1100, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2600 and 2780 nm, encompassing 11 bands in total. This dataset offers a comprehensive coverage of about 80% of the lunar surface, with resolutions ranging from 100 to 500 m, spanning latitudes from 80°S to 80°N. In order to extract quantitative abundance of lithium, ground-truth sites were used to calibrate the Clementine images. Samples (specifically, 12045, 15058, 15475, 15555, 62255, 70035, 74220 and 75075) returned from Apollo missions 12, 15, 16 and 17 have been correlated to the Clementine VIS–NIR bands and five spectral ratios. The five spectral ratios calculated synthesize the main spectral features of sample spectra that were grouped by their lithium and 7 Li content using Principal Component Analysis. The ratios spectrally characterize substrates of anorthosite, silica-rich basalts, olivine-rich basalts, high-Ti mare basalts and Orange and Glasses soils. Our findings reveal a strong linear correlation between the spectral parameters and the lithium content in the eight Apollo samples. With the values of the 11 Clementine bands and the 5 spectral ratios, we performed linear regression models to estimate the concentration of lithium and 7 Li. Also, we calculated Digital Terrain Models (Altitude, Slope, Aspect, DirectInsolation and WindExposition) from LOLA-DTM to discover relations between relief and spatial distribution of t

Evaporation of multi-component liquid mixtures in confined geometries, such as capillaries, is crucial in applications such as microfluidics, two-phase cooling devices and inkjet printing. Predicting the behaviour of such systems becomes challenging because evaporation triggers complex spatio-temporal changes in the composition of the mixture. These changes in composition, in turn, affect evaporation. In the present work, we study the evaporation of aqueous glycerol solutions contained as a liquid column in a capillary tube. Experiments and direct numerical simulations show three evaporation regimes characterised by different temporal evolutions of the normalised mass transfer rate (or Sherwood number), namely, and, where is a normalised time. We present a simplistic analytical model that shows that the evaporation dynamics can be expressed by the classical relation. For small and medium, this expression results in the first and second of the three observed scaling regimes, respectively. This analytical model is formulated in the limit of pure diffusion and when the penetration depth of the diffusion front is much smaller than the length of the liquid column. When, finite-length effects lead to, i.e. the third regime. Finally, we extend our analytical model to incorporate the effect of advection and determine the conditions under which this effect is important. Our results provide fundamental insights into the physics of selective evaporation from a multi-component liquid column.

El Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) desarrolla un sistema integral de análisis de sentimientos aplicable en tiempo real a datos de redes sociales. El proyecto abarca desde la recolección de datos hasta la visualización de resultados, utilizando técnicas avanzadas de inteligencia artificial y procesamiento de lenguaje natural. En primer lugar, se enfoca en replicar el análisis en tiempo real de discursos políticos, evaluando la recepción del público hacia los mensajes a través del análisis de comentarios en redes sociales. Esto demuestra la capacidad del sistema para procesar grandes volúmenes de datos y generar insights valiosos sobre la percepción pública. Además, el proyecto aplica el análisis de sentimientos a comentarios en directo de plataformas de streaming, adaptando el sistema para procesar eficazmente comentarios en español. Esto permite evaluar la satisfacción del público hacia el contenido de streamers, brindando información relevante para la toma de decisiones. Por otro lado, se analiza la experiencia del cliente y la percepción de la marca en el entorno digital. Mediante el análisis de comentarios y reseñas en YouTube y Reddit, el sistema evalúa la satisfacción del cliente y la imagen de marcas. Estos tres enfoques convergen en la presentación de los resultados, la implementación de paneles estáticos y dinámicos en Power BI facilita la visualización de resultados incluso en tiempo real, lo que posibilita una gestión estratégica de la marca. Este proyecto, desarrolla un sistema de análisis de sentimientos robusto y versátil, capaz de procesar grandes volúmenes de datos en tiempo real y generar insights valiosos en diversos contextos, desde el análisis político hasta la gestión de la experiencia del cliente en entornos digitales. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la efectividad y el impacto de este sistema, posicionándolo como una herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en la era digital. Abstract: This TFG develops a comprehensive

Stereodynamics imaging disentangles the interplay between direct and predissociation in the onset of the second absorption band of methyl iodide., Depto. de Química Física, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, TRUE, pub

Depto. de Química Física, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, TRUE, pub