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BackgroundOtitis media with effusion is a clinical manifestation characterised by inflammation of middle-ear mucosa. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin on a histamine-induced animal model of otitis media with effusion.MethodsThe animals were divided into five groups, receiving erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin or saline solution. The guinea pigs in the study groups received erythromycin (40 mg/kg/day), clarithromycin (15 mg/kg/day), azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) or roxithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 days by gastric tube. Four hours after the end of the administration, histamine solution was injected into the right middle ear.ResultsThe lowest neutrophil density value obtained using stereological techniques was in the azithromycin group (0.86 ± 0.25 × 10−5/μm3), while the highest value was observed in the control group (6.68 ± 3.12 × 10−5/μm3). The anti-inflammatory properties of clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin were similar to one another, but better than that of erythromycin.ConclusionThe use of macrolide antibiotics is recommended, as they show antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy in otitis media with effusion.

Introduction: Ototoxicity refers to cellular damage or function impairment developing in the inner ear in association with any therapeutic agent or chemical substance, and still represents the principal side-effect restricting the use of cisplatin. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a biochemical, functional and histopathological investigation of the potential protective effect of eugenol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Methods: The study was performed with 24 female Sprague Dawley rats. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests were performed on all animals, which were randomized into four equal groups. A single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin was administered to cisplatin group, while the eugenol group received 100 mg/kg eugenol intraperitoneal for five consecutive days. 100 mg/kg eugenol was administered to cisplatin + eugenol group for 5 days. On the third day, these rats were received a single dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. The control group was given 8 mL/kg/day intraperitoneal saline solution for five days. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions test was repeated 24 h after the final drug administration. All animals were sacrificed, and the cochleas were subsequently used for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: Cisplatin caused oxidative stress in the cochlea, impaired the cochlear structure and significantly reduced signal noise ratio levels. Administration of eugenol together with cisplatin reversed these effects and provided functional, biochemical and histopathological protection. Conclusion: The study findings represent the first indication in the literature that eugenol may protect against ototoxicity by raising levels of antioxidant enzymes and lowering those of oxidant parameters. © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, This study was performed in accordance with the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. et seq.); the animal use protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Ataturk University.

Objective The frequency of metabolic syndrome is increasing in both children and adults. In addition to metabolic complications such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome may affect all systems of the body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on hearing in childhood. Methods A prospective, controlled study was performed on 38 obese children diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and 34 healthy children. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical studies were performed. All individuals underwent pure-tone audiometry, tympanogram, and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) tests. The hearing thresholds of the patients were compared with healthy volunteers. Results There was no significant difference in terms of age and gender between the groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in mean hearing levels between the groups. When frequencies were compared, significantly increased hearing threshold levels were determined at low frequencies in children with metabolic syndrome. Analysis of the TEOAE results elicited no statistically significant variation in terms of signal-to-noise ratio values, signal amplitudes, or test reproducibility values between the study groups. Conclusion Identification of the potential hearing losses early by means of detailed hearing examinations in children with metabolic syndrome is important. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effect of metabolic syndrome on hearing in this age group.

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system cancer. Although fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the most commonly used method for diagnosis, it is not always sufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration on differentiated thyroid cancer risk. Material and Methods: A total of 133 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy due to various indications at the Ear-Nose-Throat Department, Ataturk University Medical School, between April 2015 and December 2015, were included in this prospective study. Histopathological diagnosis and preoperative Tg levels were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for detection of the cut-off to discriminate malignant from benign thyroid masses using preoperative Tg as a variable. Results: Malignant pathology (differentiated thyroid carcinoma) was detected in 59 out of 133 patients (44.4%) and benign pathology in 74 (55.6%). A statistically significant difference in preoperative Tg value was detected between malignant and benign cases (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma was higher among patients with a preoperative serum Tg value > 188.5 ng/mL, and this may thus be used as a marker for the diagnosis of this malignancy.

Tiroid bezi primer yassı epitel hücreli karsinomu tüm tiroid kanserlerinin yaklaşık %1’ini oluşturan nadir bir hastalıktır. Hastalar genellikle büyüyen bir boyun kitlesi ile başvururlar. Bu makalede, ilk bulgusu boyunda apse olan ve tiroid bezinin primer skuamöz hücreli karsinomu tanısı alan 76 yaşında bir kadın hastayı sunduk. Hasta kliniğimize yutma güçlüğü, nefes almada zorluk, boyun sağ kısmında son 1 haftadır iyice büyüyen hiperemik kitle şikayetleri ile başvurdu. Fizik muayenede sağ boyun bölgesinde fluktuasyon gösteren, hiperemik kitle izlendi. Boyun ve üst toraks manyetik rezonans görüntülemesinde tiroid bezi sağ kısmında, kistik ve nekrotik alanlar içeren ve retrosternal uzanım gösteren, sağ juguler ven ve ana karotid arteri saran kitle izlendi. İnsizyonel biyopsi yapıldı. Histopatolojik tanı skuamöz hücreli karsinom olarak rapor edildi. Komşu dokulardaki ileri invazyon ve infiltrasyon nedeniyle onkoloji konseyi tarafından inoperabl kabul edildi. Tiroid bezi primer skuamöz hücreli karsinomu, kötü prognozlu, agresif seyirli ve nadir bir kanserdir. Derin boyun apsesi şikâyeti ile başvuran hastalarda, tanı ve tedavideki gecikmelerden kaçınmak için altta yatan bir tiroid skuamöz hücreli karsinomu bulunabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır., Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland (PSCCT) is a rare disease which accounts less than 1% of all thyroid cancers. Patients usually present with enlarging neck mass. In this paper we presented a 76-year-old female patient with PSCCT whose initial finding was a cervical abscess. To our knowledge this is the first PSCCT case in the literature presenting as cervical abscess. The patient was referred to our clinic with dysphasia, shortness in breathing and hyperemic right neck mass, growing in size for 1 week. On physical examination a fluctuant and hyperemic mass was observed at the right cervical region. Magnetic resonance imaging of neck and upper thorax revealed a mass in the area of right thyroid gland, including cystic and necrotic component, progressing to the retrosternal area, surrounding right jugular vein and common carotid artery. An open biopsy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the extended invasion and infiltration of adjacent tissues, the patient was accepted as inoperable in oncologic council. PSCCT is a rare and aggressive neoplasm of the thyroid gland with poor prognosis. In a patient with deep neck spaces abscess, an underlying PSCCT should be kept in mind to avoid delays in the diagnosis and treatment.

Supplemental material for Low-dose non-contrast examination of the temporal bone using volumetric 320-row computed tomography by Berhan Pirimoglu, Recep Sade, Muhammed Sedat Sakat, Gokhan Polat and Mecit Kantarci in Acta Radiologica

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. In contrast to the previous generations, the next generation mobile network will be largely driven by data. Data are increasing in exponential way due to the increased number of smart mobile devices and network connection capabilities. Mobile connectivity had become every day’s need for many network users, and demand for mobile broadband to access the different applications and services on the internet is increasing in a rapid way. Therefore, data delivery will represent a challenging area for the mobile networks, taking in consideration the adaption of advanced multimedia application, video content and IoT applications. New methods, strategies, and techniques that provide Interworking and harmonization between computer and telecom network in a unified heterogenous ecosystem that can provide computing capabilities in the edge should be considered for the implementation of next generation of mobile networks.

International audience; In recent decades, researchers have demonstrated incandescent sources that exhibit monochromatic, directional, and even fast modulated infrared emission. Most of the researchers achieve this type of emission by heating the whole device. Here, we propose heating only nanovolumes that can be cooled in a few tens of nanoseconds. This approach could enable high-speed modulation. To compensate for the weak thermal emission of such isolated nanoemitters, we propose inserting the hot nanovolume in the gap of a cold nanoantenna. We calculate the resulting emission enhancement by using a generalized version of Kirchhoff's law, and demonstrate that careful design of the complete antenna– nanoemitter system can result in emission enhancements of more than four orders of magnitude.

Supplementary

Introduction: Ototoxicity refers to cellular damage or function impairment developing in the inner ear in association with any therapeutic agent or chemical substance, and still represents the principal side-effect restricting the use of cisplatin. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a biochemical, functional and histopathological investigation of the potential protective effect of eugenol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Methods: The study was performed with 24 female Sprague Dawley rats. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests were performed on all animals, which were randomized into four equal groups. A single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin was administered to cisplatin group, while the eugenol group received 100 mg/kg eugenol intraperitoneal for five consecutive days. 100 mg/kg eugenol was administered to cisplatin + eugenol group for 5 days. On the third day, these rats were received a single dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. The control group was given 8 mL/kg/day intraperitoneal saline solution for five days. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions test was repeated 24 h after the final drug administration. All animals were sacrificed, and the cochleas were subsequently used for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: Cisplatin caused oxidative stress in the cochlea, impaired the cochlear structure and significantly reduced signal noise ratio levels. Administration of eugenol together with cisplatin reversed these effects and provided functional, biochemical and histopathological protection. Conclusion: The study findings represent the first indication in the literature that eugenol may protect against ototoxicity by raising levels of antioxidant enzymes and lowering those of oxidant parameters. © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, This study was performed in accordance with the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. et seq.); the animal use protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Ataturk University.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate image quality of low dose in noncontrast paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) using single volumetric 320-row multidetector CT technique. METHODS The low-dose protocol including tube voltage of 135 kV and tube current of 5 mAs was chosen based on results of the present phantom study. Forty-six patients were assigned to control group with factory standard settings (120 kVp, 75 mAs), and 46 patients were assigned to study group and underwent noncontrast CT of paranasal sinus with low-dose protocol using single volumetric 320-row multidetector CT device. Objective and subjective image qualities were performed. RESULTS Effective radiation dose calculated for control group scans was 0.45 (SD, 0.39) mSv. It was 0.038 (SD, 0.004) mSv for study group scans. The effective radiation dose of study group was statistically significant lower than control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Noncontrast paranasal sinus CT imaging can be performed at very low radiation exposure maintaining high image quality with 135 kVp and 5 mAs.

International audience; Midinfrared plasmonic sensing allows the direct targeting of unique vibrational fingerprints of molecules. While gold has been used almost exclusively so far, recent research has focused on semiconductors with the potential to revolutionize plasmonic devices. We fabricate antennas out of heavily doped Ge films epitaxially grown on Si wafers and demonstrate up to 2 orders of magnitude signal enhancement for the molecules located in the antenna hot spots compared to those located on a bare silicon substrate. Our results set a new path toward integration of plasmonic sensors with the ubiquitous CMOS platform.

Choanal atresia is the unilateral or bilateral obstruction of the passage between nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Transnasal surgery of choanal atresia in a patient with unilateral choanal atresia diagnosed accidentally during operation of septorinoplasti for septal deviation and external nasal deformity in Plastic Surgery Clinic is presented. A 25-year-old female referred to plastic surgery clinic with external nasal deformity and difficulty in breathing through nose. Although concha bullosa at middle concha and polipoid degeneration at lower concha are observed in computerized tomography of paranasal sinus, the patient referred to our clinic. In physical examination, due to advanced septal deviation, endoscopic examination of left nasal cavity could not be established. It was planned to examine the left nasal cavity in operating room after septoplasty. In the endoscopic examination after septoplasty, choanal atresia at left nasal cavity observed. Atresia was repaired with transnasal approach. At follow-up period, the choanal opening was intact. Unilateral choanal atresia is a disorder which can reach at the adolesant ages without diagnosis. Although the symptoms of the disease can be interfere in lots of diseases, the diagnosis is simple with nasal endoscopic examination. If nasal endoscopic examination is difficult because of nasal septal deviation, it must be performed in operating room before ending the operation to reveal the additional disorders. [Med-Science 2015; 4(1.000): 2073-9]

This article discusses simplicity and discipline, the two elements of rigid flexibility model to explain strategic outcomes using an important historical event. The objective is to strengthen the validity of the model and provide constructive arguments for the model to be applied in a new setting. In theory refinement, the richness and in-depth descriptions of constructs under consideration are highly sought. A historical event called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah is portrayed; with decisions and actions that came out of the treaty are explained using the rigid flexibility framework. Analyzing this historical case, we proposed that there are related concepts, important practices and procedures that match the concepts of simplicity and discipline comparatively. It shows that the strategic outcomes could be realized using concepts and practices such as tolerance, consultations, giving preference for strategic outcomes, discipline in following order, simplified and easy-to-understand communication approach and emphasis on standard performances. Keywords: Operations management; organizational flexibility; historical case; Treaty of Hudaybiyyah ABSTRAK Artikel ini membincangkan simplisiti dan disiplin, dua elemen model keluwesan tegar untuk menerangkan keberhasilan strategik sebuah peristiwa bersejarah yang penting. Objektif artikel in adalah untuk menguatkan kesahihan model dan menawarkan hujah yang membina supaya model ini dapat diapplikasikan pada persekitaran yang baru. Untuk memperelokkan sesuatu teori, penelitian mendalam sesuatu konstruk perlu dibuat. Sebuah peritiwa penting yang digelar Perjanjian Hudaybiyyah telah dipaparkan dengan mengambilkira keputusan dan aksi yang berlaku yang dianalisa dengan menggunakan rangkakerja model ini. Daripada analisa peristiwa ini, kami mencadangkan bahwa terdapat konsep-konsep yang berkaitan, amalan dan prosedur penting yang serupa dengan konsep simplisiti dan disiplin. Ia menunjukkan keberhasilan strategik dapat direalisasikan dengan mengamalkan konsep dan amalan tertentu seperti toleransi, perundingan, mengutamakan keberkasilan yang strategik, diikuti dengan disiplin untuk mematuhi perintah, pendekatan komunikasi yang ringkas dan mudah difahami, dan penekanan kepada piawai prestasi. Kata kunci: Pengurusan operasi; keluwesan organisasi; kes bersejarah; Perjanjian Hudaybiyyah

Peedantak Vati (PV) is a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation, which is regularly prescribed by the ayurvedic practitioner for the inflammatory disorders and joints pain in India. It is composed of 23 different herbs and minerals, described in ayurvedic text for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.To investigate anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive potential of 'Peedantak Vati' using in vitro and in vivo methods.In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PV was studied by estimating nitric oxide (NO) and LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, using murine macrophage RAW264.7 and human monocyte THP-1 cell lines. PV's anti-inflammatory potential was studied in vivo using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Similarly, anti-nociceptive property of PV was evaluated using hot plate, tail flick, formalin and writhing tests on CD-1 mice. Phytochemical profiling of hydro-alcoholic extract of PV was done using HPLC and HPTLC techniques to identify different marker compounds. These identified marker compounds were confirmed using LC-MS/MS analysis.In vitro results strongly suggest that, PV significantly (p 0.001) inhibited NO release and LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, in murine RAW264.7 and human THP-1 cells. Further, PV demonstrated significant (p 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity at different time points after carrageenan injection with maximum effect at 2 h (40.4 ± 5.2% at 400 mg/kg). Similarly, PV significantly (p 0.05) decreased nociceptive pain, studied using hot plate, tail flick, formalin and writhing tests. Moreover, HPLC and HPTLC methods were developed for the standardization of PV. Five marker phytocompounds viz. rutin, caffeic acid, colchicine, withaferin A and curcumin were identified and quantified by HPLC and HPTLC methods. The presence of these phytoconstituents was confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis.The findings of the study strongly suggest that, the polyherbal ayurvedic formulation 'Peedantak Vati' possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic property, providing potent alternative for currently available allopathic medicines such as non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

International audience; We show that a periodic array of hot nanoparticles embedded in resonant plasmonic antennas can produce thermal emission with an effective emissivity approaching unity. This type of design allows to control thermal emission by designing the antennas. We expect to modulate thermal emission at a rate exceeding 10 MHz.

Rinolitiazis, burun içerisindeki bir yabancı cisim etrafında kalsifiye materyal birikimidir. Genellikle burnun ön kısmında bulunurlar. Tanısı endoskopik nazal muayene ve görüntüleme yöntemlerine dayanır. Rinolitin yerinin belirlenmesi ve operasyon kararının verilebilmesi için bilgisayarlı tomografi oldukça faydalıdır. Bu makalede, sol nazal kavitede obstrüksiyon, nefes almada güçlük ve son iki haftadır devam eden pürülan nazal akıntı şikayetleri ile kliniğimize başvuran ve dev bir rinoliti olan 16 yaşındaki bir hastayı sunduk. Endoskopik muayenede, nazal kavitedeki kitlenin nares girişinden koanaya kadar uzanım gösterdiği görüldü. Bilgisayarlı tomografide sol nazal kaviteyi tama yakın dolduran, yüksek derecede ranyodensiteye sahip, rinolit ile uyumlu görünüm izlendi. Rinolit endoskopik olarak çıkarıldı. Çıkarılan spesmen boyutları 10x5x4 cm idi. Rinolitler nadir olup, tanısı burunda yabancı cisim öyküsü ile birlikte fizik muayene ve nazal endoskopi ile konur. Rinolitlerin oluşumu yıllar alabilmektedir, bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu vaka, bu yaş grubunda bugüne kadar rapor edilmiş en büyük rinolit olgusudur., Rhinolithiasis is the formation of calcified material around an intranasal foreign body. They are generally found in the anterior part of the nasal cavity. Diagnosis is based on endoscopic nasal examination and imaging methods. Computerized tomography (CT) is useful in determining the location of rhinoliths and in the decision to operate. In this report, we described a 16-year-old patient with a giant rhinolith who presented with obstruction in the left nasal cavity, difficulty breathing and purulent discharge for the previous 2 weeks.Endoscopic nasal examination revealed that the mass in the nasal cavity extended from the entrance to the anterior nares to the choana.A mass compatible with rhinoliths obliterating almost the entire left nasal cavity and with high radiodensity was determined at CT.The rhinolith was excised endoscopically. The extracted specimen was 10x5x4 cm in size. Rhinoliths are rare, and diagnosis is based on a history of foreign body in the nose, physical examination and nasal endoscopy. Rhinoliths take many years to form, and to the best of our knowledge this is the largest rhinolith reported to date in such a young patient.

International audience

International audience; In recent decades, researchers have demonstrated incandescent sources that exhibit monochromatic, directional, and even fast modulated infrared emission. Most of the researchers achieve this type of emission by heating the whole device. Here, we propose heating only nanovolumes that can be cooled in a few tens of nanoseconds. This approach could enable high-speed modulation. To compensate for the weak thermal emission of such isolated nanoemitters, we propose inserting the hot nanovolume in the gap of a cold nanoantenna. We calculate the resulting emission enhancement by using a generalized version of Kirchhoff’s law, and demonstrate that careful design of the complete antenna–nanoemitter system can result in emission enhancements of more than four orders of magnitude.

International audience

Pangenomic studies identified distinct molecular classes for many cancers, with major clinical applications. However, routine use requires cost-effective assays. We assessed whether targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) could call chromosomal alterations and DNA methylation status. A training set of 77 tumors and a validation set of 449 (43 tumor types) were analyzed by targeted NGS and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Thirty-two tumors were analyzed by NGS after bisulfite conversion, and compared to methylation array or methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Considering allelic ratios, correlation was strong between targeted NGS and SNP arrays (r = 0.88). In contrast, considering DNA copy number, for variations of one DNA copy, correlation was weaker between read counts and SNP array (r = 0.49). Thus, we generated TARGOMICs, optimized for detecting chromosome alterations by combining allelic ratios and read counts generated by targeted NGS. Sensitivity for calling normal, lost, and gained chromosomes was 89%, 72%, and 31%, respectively. Specificity was 81%, 93%, and 98%, respectively. These results were confirmed in the validation set. Finally, TARGOMICs could efficiently align and compute proportions of methylated cytosines from bisulfite-converted DNA from targeted NGS. In conclusion, beyond calling mutations, targeted NGS efficiently calls chromosome alterations and methylation status in tumors. A single run and minor design/protocol adaptations are sufficient. Optimizing targeted NGS should expand translation of genomics to clinical routine.

International audience

International audience; A novel scanning probe tip made of heavily doped semiconductor is fabricated and used instead of standard gold-coated tips in infrared scattering-type near-field microscopy. Midinfrared near-field microscopy experiments are conducted on ZnO nanowires with a lateral resolution better than 100 nm, using tips made of heavily electron-doped germanium with a plasma frequency in the midinfrared (plasma wavelength of 9.5 μm). Nanowires embedded in a dielectric matrix are imaged at two wavelengths, 11.3 and 8.0 μm, above and below the plasma wavelength of the tips. An opposite sign of the imaging contrasts between the nanowire and the dielectric matrix is observed at the two infrared wavelengths, indicating a clear role of the free-electron plasma in the heavily doped germanium tip in building the imaging contrast. Electromagnetic simulations with a multispherical dipole model accounting for the finite size of the tip are well consistent with the experiments. By comparison of the simulated and measured imaging contrasts, an estimate for the local free-carrier density in the investigated ZnO nanowires in the low 10 19 cm −3 range is retrieved. The results are benchmarked against the scattering intensity and phase maps obtained on the same sample with a gold-coated probe tip in pseudoheterodyne detection mode.

© 2017 IEEE. The continuous evolution of mobile networks is demanding and promising. The increase in mobile population, the introduction of new applications and use cases which represents a major shift in the paradigm from voice to data especially with the adoption of the IP network from the internet in the mobile networks. This has imposed challenges in current architecture of mobile networks in terms of backhaul capacity and efficiency which can hardly satisfy such user demands due to heavy burden on the backhaul links and long latency. Deployment of the next generation mobile networks require an ecosystem of changeable components that represent an integration of IT and Telecommunications Networking in order to bring new possibilities and capabilities that are key sources to the Average Revenue Per User for operators. A key transformation is the ability to provide network functionality and content delivery at the edge of the network based on Mobile Edge Computing borrowed from the IT network while providing the service by deploying a heterogeneous Radio Access network.

Shaykh Muhammad Rif`at is one of the famous reciters in Egypt in the era of the 90's. His stature continues evident after officially been invited as a qari to the opening ceremony of Qari al-Misriyyah Idha`at in 1934. During his involvement in the world of Quranic recitation, Shaykh Muhammad Rif`at had recited the Quran in the mosque of Fadil Basha for 25 years. His determinations to deliver and spread Holy Quran with an intermediate reading in mosques, haflah-haflah and ma’tam also have strongly influenced the next generations of qurra’. Many of the reciters like Shaykh Mustafa Isma`il, Shaykh Abu al-`Aynin Sha`isha', Shaykh `Abdul Fattah and others recognize that he has the greatness and uniqueness of its own in the art of reading the Quran. This is evidenced by some of the titles given to him as Amir al-Qurra’, Qitharah al-Sama’ and Sawt al-Malaikah by his contemporary reciters. After Shaykh Muhammad Rif`at died in 1950, then relics of his recited turath were uncovered which compiled by his friend, Zakaria Basha and compatriot Muhammad Khamis, as they managed to gather a total of 278 cds contains 19 chapters with the duration of 21 hours.