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The two-photon-annihilation contribution to the positronium hyperfine interval is obtained in analytic form at order mα 6 using the Fried-Yennie gauge. The contribution to the hyperfine interval is -0.0325mα 6 =-0.606 MHz. This differs from the result of an earlier Feynman gauge evaluation. The errors in the earlier calculation are identified. The corrected Feynman gauge result agrees with the Fried-Yennie gauge result

This study was carried out to determine of Culicoides species in Hatay province (Antakya, Reyhanli{dotless}, Hassa, Samanda? and Ki{dotless}ri{dotless}khan districts) between April 2005 and October 2006. The light traps were used for the collection of Culicoides samples. They were placed in or nearby sheep or cattle pens at the sunset and was kept for about two-three hours. A total of 520 Culicoides specimens were collected and 15 species were identified follow as: C. badooshensis Khalaf, C. cataneii Clastrier, C. circumscriptus Kieffer, C. dzhafarovi Remm, C. festivipennis Kieffer, C. gejgelensis Dzhafarov, C. imicola Kieffer, C. nubeculosus (Meigen), C. odiatus Austen, C. picturatus Kremer and Deduit, C. puncticollis (Becker), C. riethi Kieffer, C. sahariensis Kieffer, C. schultzei kompleks (Enderlein), C. shaklawensis Khalaf. While Culicoides circumscriptus and C. schultzei kompleks were dominant species, two specimens of C.f estivipennis, C. odiatus, C. picturatus, C. riethi and C. shaklawensis only one specimen of C. dzhafarovi were obtained.

PubMed ID: 19280796, Background: Previous studies have shown that enhancement of blink reflex (BR) excitability exists in various movement disorders, notably those involving the cranio-cervical area. In this study the BR recovery curve of the late component (R2) and R2 area was evaluated to determine what changes occur under different conditions and the significance of these changes. Methods: The recovery curve of the blink reflex (BR) was studied inpatients with hemifacial spasm (HFS), post-facial syndrome (PFS), blepharospasm (BS), segmental cranio-cervical dystonia (SD), cervical dystonia without BS (CD), and healthy control subjects. Following initial comparisons between six groups where the increased excitability observed in BS, SD and CD were assumed to be of central origin and that of HFS and PFS of peripheral origin; two additional groups were established and compared in terms of recovery times. Results: Recovery values of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 ms and grades for all groups were significantly different when compared to the control group. The most significant difference observed between the groups was at 200 msn and the smallest at 800 msn interstimuli intervals. The subjects within the group referred to as the 'central origined group' recovered faster than those in the 'peripherally origined group' although no statistical difference was found between the two groups at stimulus interval. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the excitability changes observed among the groups can be attributed to a number of factors. Although the nature and anatomical substrate of the primary pathology involving the reflex cycle leads - to some extent - to differently enhanced excitability patterns, such differences were not considered statistically significant.

For over ten years, there has been a considerable interest in determination of acrylamide in foodstuffs. It was known that both protein-rich and carbohydrates-rich foods cooked at high-temperatures can cause acrylamide formation. However, carbohydrates-rich foods such as potato chips and biscuit samples have been the common studied foods compared with protein-rich foods such as meat samples. In this study, determination of acrylamide in these two group foods was examined using HPLC-MS. For this For over ten years, there has been a considerable interest in determination of acrylamide in foodstuffs. It was known that both protein-rich and carbohydrates-rich foods cooked at high-temperatures can cause acrylamide formation. However, carbohydrates-rich foods such as potato chips and biscuit samples have been the common studied foods compared with protein-rich foods such as meat samples. In this study, determination of acrylamide in these two group foods was examined using HPLC-MS. For this purpose, firstly, the parameters that are thought to affect the response in the HPLC-MS analysis were optimized. The optimized conditions were found to be 0.3 ml min−1 for flow rate of mobile phase, 40 μl for injection volume, 5 °C for column temperature and 70 V for fragmentor potential. The optimized method was applied for the determination of acrylamide levels in Turkish foodstuffs including grilled meat and chicken samples, potato chips, coffee and biscuit. The obtained concentrations for all studied foods were in the range of 20–250 μg kg−1. The results showed that acrylamide concentrations highly varied depending on the kind of food samples.

WOS: 000231928600006 Characteristic features of Nosema phyllotretae infecting Phyllotreta atra collected in Gumushane, Turkey are given in this paper. Fixed and stained spores are oval, 4.08 +/- 0.56 (range, 2.90 similar to 5.20) mu m in length and 2.53 +/- 0.33 (range, 1.80 similar to 2.90) mu m in width (n = 50) with 14 coils of the polar filament. The spore wall is 110 to 175 nm thick and made up of a clear endospore (90 to 125 nm) and a uniform exospore (50 to 64 nm). The anterior region of the polaroplast is thinly lamellar. The ultrastructural features of Nosema phyllotretae differ from those of other chrysomelid parasitic microsporidia.

The medical use of formaldehyde has focused especially on laboratory use. Harmful effects of formaldehyde inhalation, such as nasal squamous cell carcinoma, are quite well documented. However, detailed studies of the mechanisms of the damaging effects of formaldehyde on lung tissue are quite limited. Amounts of such elements as zinc, copper, and iron within lung tissue indicate whether or not they function physiologically. In this study, 36 adult albino Wistar male rats (6 animals per group) were exposed to 0 (Control), 5, and 10 ppm (1 ppm ? 1.2 mg/m3) of formaldehyde gas for subacute (4-week) and subchronic (13-week) periods. Whole-body exposure was continuously carried out for 8 h/day, 5 days/week. Body weights were recorded weekly. Levels of metals mentioned above were measured in lung tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry using wet ashing and were then compared with levels in the control groups. At the end of the study, a gradual decrease in weight gain, a decrease in zinc levels, and an increase in iron levels were observed in both subacute and subchronic groups compared to control groups. Statistically significant increases in tissue Fe levels were seen in the 10 ppm subacute (P < 0.001), 5 ppm subchronic (P < 0.001), and 10 ppm subchronic (P < 0.001) groups. We conclude that subacute or subchronic exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of formaldehyde may cause growth retardation and alter the trace element levels of zinc and iron in the lung tissue. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

WOS: 000181734200007 PubMed ID: 12653787 This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of testicular fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with open biopsy in infertile males with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and to evaluate the reliability of testicular sperm extraction by FNA. A total of 76 testes of 40 patients, 34 with azoospermia, four oligozoospermia and two patients who underwent orchidectomy as a result of cancer of prostate were included. Detailed clinical and laboratory examinations were performed and two semen analyses were obtained from each patient. A 20-ml 26 gauge 13-mm needle was used for FNA and smears were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. An open biopsy was performed in each patient after FNA and the samples were stained with haematoxylen-eosin. Smears and histological stains were examined and compared under light microscopy by the same pathologist. In 69 of the 76 testes (90%) FNA cytology results agreed with the histology. In four testes, the aspirate was unsatisfactory and in three testes, spermatocytic arrest was found cytologically while subsequent biopsies revealed diffuse fibrosis. In 15 of 16 patients (93.7%) with normal and hypospermatogenesis, spermatozoa had been extracted by FNA. Spermatozoa could not be obtained after neither FNA nor open biopsy in the remaining 24 patients. Testicular FNA in infertile males is a simple, reliable and minimally invasive diagnostic tool. It is as effective as open biopsy for testicular sperm extraction and good results can be achieved in experienced hands.

VIII.ÖZET: AMAÇ:Bu çalışmada öncelikle deneysel olarak mesane kanseri oluşturmak ve daha sonra `Dimethyl Sulfoxid'in (DMSO) intravezikal olarak uygulanan kemoterapotiklerin emilimini arttırdığı` hipotezini araştırmak amaçlandı. MATERYEL VE METHOD: Elli adet wistar tipi erkek sıçana 2 haftada 1 kez olmak üzere toplam 5 doz (0,2,4,6,8 hafta) 1.5mg N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) intravezikal olarak uygulandı. Ondördüncü haftadan itibaren 2 haftada 1 kez (14,16,18,20,22 hafta) sıçanlara iki ayrı gruba ayrılarak epirubisin (1mg) veya epirubisin+DMSO(%50) intravezikal olarak uygulandı. Mesanedeki epirubisin emilimi histolojik olarak immünflorasan mikroskopisinde epirubisin florasanı gösterilerek değerlendirildi. BULGULAR:MNU uygulanımına sekonder olarak sıçan mesanelerinde papiller ve/veya hiperplastik formasyonlar tesbit ettik (10/50 sıçanda). Epirubisin florasanı DMSO'li grupta normal ve hiperplastik bölgelerdeki tüm mesane tabakalarında gözlenirken; yalnız epirubisin uygulanan grupta epirubisin florasanı normal ve hiperplastik grupta yalnızca yüzeyel mukozada ve tabakalarda tesbit edildi. SONUÇ: İntravezikal epirubisin uygulanımında ortama DMSO eklenmesi epirubisinin tüm mesane katmanlarına emilimini sağlamaktadır. Böylelikle epirubisinin sitotoksik ve antitümöral etkisinin potansiyalize edilebileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Bu bulgunun hem yüzeyel mesane kanserinin (özellikle lokal rekürrens ve prograsyonun önlenmesi) hem de invaziv mesane kanserinin (özellikle effektif rejional tedavide) tedavisinde faydalı olacağı kanısındayız. 30