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Tub gurnard is a highly abundant fishery species caught as a discard in the Mediterranean Sea. This work proposes its valorisation through the release of potential antihypertensive peptides and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) through the controlled hydrolysis of tub gurnard skin proteins. Four proteases (Esperase, Alcalase, Trypsin and Pronase E) were used to obtain potent angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE)-inhibitory hydrolysates. Peptides and GAGs were separated and evaluated for their antihypertensive potential by fluorometry. The peptide-rich fractions derived from the Esperase and Alcalase hydrolysates showed very low IC50 values (47 and 68 μg/mL, respectively). Only the GAGs from the Trypsin and Esperase hydrolysates were relevant ACE inhibitors (63 and 52% at 1 mg/mL, respectively). The peptide composition of the most potent ACE-inhibitory fractions derived from the Esperase and Alcalase hydrolysates (IC50 values of 33 and 29 μg/mL, respectively) was analysed by RP-LC-ESI-MS/MS. The analysis suggests that the ACE-inhibitory activity is related to the peptide hydrophobicity, as well as to the presence of specific residues at any of the last four C-terminal positions. The in silico gastrointestinal digestion of these fractions yielded small peptides with antihypertensive potential.

In some coastal areas, large quantities of beach-cast macroalgae can accumulate and are usually considered waste and disposed of. However, due to their biofunctional and nutritional properties, they have great potential as a new source of raw materials. Increasing population growth has made the search for alternative raw materials with valuable nutritional properties urgent; here, beach-cast macroalgae could provide great potential. Our research goal was to characterize the nutritional profile of 12 beach-cast seaweed species from the Brazilian coast to assess their potential valorization. A considerable number of nutritional compounds was observed, such as ash (6.5–59.3%), total dietary fibers (22.1–65.8%), proteins (5.1–21.5%), and carbohydrates (31.4–81.0%), with an expressive abundance of minerals, free amino acids, and fatty acids. Spatoglossum schroederi and Alsidium seaforthii showed protein contents of 21.5 ± 0.2%, 19.7 ± 0.1%, and high amounts of total dietary fiber of 59.2 ± 0.4%, 61.7 ± 4.9%, respectively. The overall profile suggests that beach-cast seaweeds are suitable for nutritional and other bioeconomical purposes, to which different species with different characteristics contribute. Contamination of these seaweeds with unwanted toxic compounds like micropollutants was not studied. However, this must be considered before they are used for human consumption.

Irish edible brown (Himanthalia elongata—sea spaghetti, Alaria esculenta—Irish wakame) and red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata—dulse, Porphyra umbilicalis—nori) were assessed for nutritional (proximate composition, salt, pH, amino acid, mineral and dietary fibre contents), bioactive (total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP)), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), and technological (water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC) and swelling capacity (SC)) properties. Red seaweeds had higher (p &lt, 0.05) protein levels, whereas brown seaweeds possessed higher (p &lt, 0.05) moisture, ash, insoluble and total dietary fibre contents. Nori had the lowest (p &lt, 0.05) salt level. Seaweed fat levels ranged from 1 to 2% DW. Aspartic and glutamic acids were the most abundant amino acids. The total amino acid (TAA) content ranged from 4.44 to 31.80%. Seaweeds contained numerous macro (e.g., Na) and trace minerals. The TPC, DPPH and FRAP activities followed the order: sea spaghetti ≥ nori &gt, Irish wakame &gt, dulse (p &lt, 0.05). TGA indicated maximum weight loss at 250 °C. Dulse had the lowest (p &lt, 0.05) WHC and SC properties. Dulse and nori had higher (p &lt, 0.05) OHC than the brown seaweeds. Results demonstrate the potential of seaweeds as functional food product ingredients.

A thorough investigation of the viability of rice starch conjugation with three different phenolic compounds—gallic acid, sinapic acid, and crude Mon-pu (Glochidion wallichianum Muell Arg) (MP) extract—was conducted using a variety of developed methods which modified the techno-functionality and digestibility of the end product. With and without the aid of ultrasonication (US), phenolic compounds were complexed with hydrothermally pre-gelatinized rice starch prepared using distilled water or plasma-activated water (PAW). The in vitro digestibility, structural features, rheological and thermal properties, and in vitro antioxidant activity of starch–phenolic complexes were evaluated. The US-assisted starch–MP complex in water had the highest complexing index (CI) value (77.11%) and resistant starch (RS) content (88.35%), resulting in a more compact and stable ordered structure. In all complexes, XRD revealed a new minor crystalline region of V-type, which was stabilized by hydrogen bonding as defined by FTIR and H1-NMR. Polyphenols caused a looser gel structure of starch, as imaged by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Starch–phenolic complexes outperformed other complexes in terms of in vitro antioxidant activity. Gallic acid addition to starch molecules boosted DPPH scavenging activity, notably when synthesized in PAW regardless of US assistance, although having lower CI and RS values than the MP complex. Therefore, this research lays the groundwork for the efficient production of functional food ingredients based on rice starch and polyphenols.

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Microalgae are a valuable and innovative emerging source of natural nutrients and bioactive compounds that can be used as functional ingredients in order to increase the nutritional value of foods to improve human health and to prevent disease. The marine microalga Isochrysis galbana has great potential for the food industry as a functional ingredient, given its richness in ω3 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), with high contents of oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), stearidonic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. This study focuses on the formulation of a functional food by the incorporation of 2% (w/w) of I. galbana freeze-dried biomass and 2% (w/w) of I. galbana ethyl acetate lipidic extract in solid natural yogurts preparation. In the functional yogurt enriched with microalgal biomass, the ω3 LC-PUFA’s content increased (to 60 mg/100 g w/w), specifically the DHA content (9.6 mg/100 g ww), and the ω3/ω6 ratio (augmented to 0.8). The in vitro digestion study showed a poor bioaccessibility of essential ω3 LC-PUFAs, wherein linoleic acid (18:2 ω6) presented a bioaccessibility inferior to 10% and no DHA or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was detected in the bioaccessible fraction of the functional yogurts, thus indicating a low accessibility of lipids during digestion. Notwithstanding, when compared to the original yogurt, an added value novel functional yogurt with DHA and a higher ω3 LC-PUFAs content was obtained. The functional yogurt enriched with I. galbana can be considered important from a nutritional point of view and a suitable source of essential FAs in the human diet. However, this needs further confirmation, entailing additional investigation into bioavailability through in vivo assays.

Microalgae are a valuable and innovative emerging source of natural nutrients and bioactive compounds that can be used as functional ingredients in order to increase the nutritional value of foods to improve human health and to prevent disease. The marine microalga Isochrysis galbana has great potential for the food industry as a functional ingredient, given its richness in ω3 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), with high contents of oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), stearidonic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. This study focuses on the formulation of a functional food by the incorporation of 2% (w/w) of I. galbana freeze-dried biomass and 2% (w/w) of I. galbana ethyl acetate lipidic extract in solid natural yogurts preparation. In the functional yogurt enriched with microalgal biomass, the ω3 LC-PUFA’s content increased (to 60 mg/100 g w/w), specifically the DHA content (9.6 mg/100 g ww), and the ω3/ω6 ratio (augmented to 0.8). The in vitro digestion study showed a poor bioaccessibility of essential ω3 LC-PUFAs, wherein linoleic acid (18:2 ω6) presented a bioaccessibility inferior to 10% and no DHA or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was detected in the bioaccessible fraction of the functional yogurts, thus indicating a low accessibility of lipids during digestion. Notwithstanding, when compared to the original yogurt, an added value novel functional yogurt with DHA and a higher ω3 LC-PUFAs content was obtained. The functional yogurt enriched with I. galbana can be considered important from a nutritional point of view and a suitable source of essential FAs in the human diet. However, this needs further confirmation, entailing additional investigation into bioavailability through in vivo assays.

The prevalence of prediabetes is rapidly increasing, and this can lead to an increased risk for individuals to develop type 2 diabetes and associated diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to develop nutritional strategies to maintain healthy glucose levels and prevent glucose metabolism dysregulation in the general population. Functional ingredients offer great potential for the prevention of various health conditions, including blood glucose regulation, in a cost-effective manner. Using an artificial intelligence (AI) approach, a functional ingredient, NRT_N0G5IJ, was predicted and produced from Pisum sativum (pea) protein by hydrolysis and then validated. Treatment of human skeletal muscle cells with NRT_N0G5IJ significantly increased glucose uptake, indicating efficacy of this ingredient in vitro. When db/db diabetic mice were treated with NRT_N0G5IJ, we observed a significant reduction in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and a concomitant benefit on fasting glucose. A pilot double-blinded, placebo controlled human trial in a population of healthy individuals with elevated HbA1c (5.6% to 6.4%) showed that HbA1c percentage was significantly reduced when NRT_N0G5IJ was supplemented in the diet over a 12-week period. Here, we provide evidence of an AI approach to discovery and demonstrate that a functional ingredient identified using this technology could be used as a supplement to maintain healthy glucose regulation.

Papaya is one of the most economic and valuable fruits in tropical countries. However, the fruit processing industries generate a high volume of unripe papaya waste and by-products. To reduce this waste, unripe papaya powder (UPP) was manufactured and incorporated into pancake formulation. The results showed that a particle size of UPP was 140.8 ± 2.1 µm, which contained polyphenolic compounds, dietary fiber and demonstrated ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Compared with wheat flour, UPP had higher values of water absorption index, water solubility index and swelling index and lower level of amylose. In the cholesterol-reducing effect, UPP decreased the formation of cholesterol micellization and bound bile acids. Interestingly, incorporation of 5–20% UPP into pancakes could decrease the glucose release with a concomitant increase in the percentage of undigestible starch. The hardness and chewiness of pancake was increased with a higher amount of UPP (10–20%). The results suggest that UPP from fruit processing waste can be regarded as a promising functional ingredient to incorporate with pancakes.

In this study, a flour from corn cob (central core of the maize ear, stage R4) was obtained through three treatments. The three flours obtained were characterized by bromatological analysis, yield, and granulometry. Additional dressing-type oil in water (O/W) emulsions were developed, varying the formulation by incorporating distinct amounts of corn cob flour. The formulations' stability was evaluated over a period of 21 days, determining the particle size, creaming index, coalescence rate, consistency coefficient (k), and flow behavior indices (n). Results have shown significant differences in protein, fat, and carbohydrate content in the flour, depending on the cooking treatment. A good percentage of grinding yield was obtained (98%), in addition to several fractions by granulometry (60, 120, 250 MESH), showing differences in their nutritional content. Finally, the particle size of O/W emulsions developed varied among formulations. The combination of 0.6% of xanthan gum (XG) and corn cob flour showed major stability in average droplet size. No significant differences were observed in the coalescence rate values for the three formulations. Still, significant differences in the creaming index were evidenced in those formulations without XG or corn cob flour. The results regarding the consistency coefficient (k) and flow behavior indices (n) suggest a possible synergy between XG and flour of corn cob for enhancing the viscosity and pseudoplasticity of dressings in a concentration-dependent manner.

Bioactive peptides are known to have many health benefits beyond nutrition, yet the peptide profile of high protein ingredients has been largely overlooked when considering the effects of different processing techniques. Therefore, to investigate whether drying conditions could affect the peptide profile and bioactivity within a functional ingredient, we examined the effects of spray (SD) and freeze (FD) drying on rice natural peptide network (NPN), a characterised functional ingredient sourced from the Oryza sativa proteome, which has previously been shown to effectively modulate circulating cytokines and improve physical performance in humans. In the manufacturing process, rice NPN was either FD or SD. Employing a peptidomic approach, we investigated the physicochemical characteristics of peptides common and unique to FD and SD preparations. We observed similar peptide profiles regarding peptide count, amino acid distribution, weight, charge, and hydrophobicity in each sample. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of drying processes on functionality, using machine learning, we examined constituent peptides with predicted anti-inflammatory activity within both groups and identified that the majority of anti-inflammatory peptides were common to both. Of note, key bioactive peptides validated within rice NPN were recorded in both SD and FD samples. The present study provides an important insight into the overall stability of the peptide profile and the use of machine learning in assessing predicted retention of bioactive peptides contributing to functionality during different types of processing.

This study was focused on the effect of incorporation of different levels of dried oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on some quality and sensory characteristics of beef salami as a functional ingredient. The salamis were formulated with 0% (control), 1% (A1), 3% (A2), and 5% (A3) of dried oyster mushrooms. Proximate composition, pH, color, residual nitrite, lipid and protein oxidation, and sensory analyses were performed during storage (2°C, 3 months). Results revealed that the moisture content in salami samples ranged from 54.46% to 57.65% and incorporation of oyster mushroom resulted with reduced fat and protein content. Color values (CIE L*, a*, and b*) decreased with time showing significant differences (p

Представлен анализ научных исследований по разработке кулинарных изделий из рыбной рубленой массы с добавлением функционального сырья. Предложено использование в качестве физиологически-функциональных ингредиентов плодов киви и облепихи, которые обогатят рыбную массу макрои микронутриентами. На основании результатов проведенных исследований была доказана целесообразность использования модифицированного крахмала в качестве влагоудерживающего и стабилизационного агента. В результате было предложено включить кулинарное изделие в лечебно-оздоровительный рацион питания туристов., The analysis of scientific research on the development of culinary products made from chopped fish mass with the addition of functional raw materials is presented. It is proposed to use kiwi and sea buckthorn fruits as physiological and functional ingredients, which will enrich the fish mass with macro-and micronutrients. Based on the results of the conducted studies, the feasibility of using modified starch as a moisture-retaining and stabilizing agent was proved. As a result, it was proposed to include the culinary product in the health-improving diet of tourists.

This study aims to design and validate a nutritional recipe for a snack made of Green Banana (Musa paradisiaca) Peel Flour (GBPF) and to assess the nutritional composition and microbiological quality of the flour. Banana peel, a food industry by-product, is a nutritious, low-cost material available for all year. Banana peel flower could be used as a functional ingredient due to its high fiber content and good functional properties. In general, university students have a deficient dietary fiber intake due to altered dietary patterns; thus, this study was focused on this population. The GBPFs were obtained from the peels of pre-climacteric bananas by fluidized bed (FDB) dryer, after which, microbiological, proximate, and dietary fiber analyses were applied. It was designed the nutritional recipe for the snack taking into account the energy and dietary fiber nutritional requirements of the target population. It could be validated and adjusted the recipe following the methodology of Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición, concluding with the determination of dietary fiber in the end-product. The dietary fiber, total carbohydrate, protein, total fat and energy contents of the GBPF were as following: 38.7 g, 76.3 g, 5.9 g, 3.6 g, and 361.2 kcal, per 100 g of flour. The snack contained 7.74 g of dietary fiber per serving size, having a good acceptance among the university students' panelists based on an organoleptic test. In conclusion, the GBPF showed great potential as a source of dietary fiber, and it was an excellent source of carbohydrates and other nutrients to a lesser degree. When included as a functional ingredient in the nutritional formulation of a snack, it had an overall positive effect on the product’s organoleptic characteristics. Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo projetar e validar uma receita nutricional para um “snack” feito com farinha de casca de banana verde (Musa paradisiaca), além de avaliar a composição nutricional e a qualidade microbiológica da farinha. A casca de banana, um subproduto da indústria de alimentos, é um material nutritivo e de baixo custo, disponível durante todo o ano. A casca de banana pode ser usada como ingrediente funcional devido ao seu alto teor de fibras e às boas propriedades funcionais. Em geral, os estudantes universitários têm uma ingestão deficiente de fibras alimentares devido a padrões alimentares alterados; assim, esse estudo focou nessa população. A farinha de casca de banana verde foi obtida a partir das cascas de bananas pré-climatéricas por secagem em leito fluidizado; em seguida foram realizadas análises microbiológicas, de composição centesimal e de fibras alimentares. Criou-se a receita nutricional para o ”snack”, levando-se em consideração as necessidades nutricionais de energia e fibras alimentares da população-alvo. A receita foi validada e ajustada seguindo a metodologia do Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición, concluindo com a determinação da fibra alimentar no produto final. Os teores de fibra alimentar, carboidrato total, proteína, gordura total e energia da farinha de casca banana verde foram, respectivamente: 38,7 g, 76,3 g, 5,9 g, 3,6 g e 361,2 kcal, por 100 g de farinha. O “snack” continha 7,74 g de fibra alimentar por porção, tendo uma boa aceitação entre os participantes universitários, com base em um teste organoléptico. Em conclusão, a farinha de casca de banana verde mostrou grande potencial como fonte de fibra alimentar, sendo uma excelente fonte de carboidratos e, em menor grau, de outros nutrientes. Quando incluída como ingrediente funcional na formulação nutricional de um lanche, teve um efeito geral positivo nas características organolépticas do produto.

Proteins from Sacha inchi (SI) have been widely known for their health-benefiting properties. This study aimed to investigate the different protein isolates obtained from oil press-cakes of Thai and Peru SI. The protein content and protein recovery of Thai and Peru SI were estimated to be 93.27, 90.67%, and 49.15, 59.32%, respectively. The protein patterns of the Thai and Peru SI samples analyzed by SDS-PAGE showed glycoprotein as a major protein, with a molecular weight of 35 kDa. Both protein isolates (PI) showed water and oil holding capacities in the range of 2.97–3.09 g/g sample and 2.75–2.88 g/g sample, respectively. The emulsifying properties of the PI from Thai SI were higher than those of Peru (p < 0.05), while the foaming properties were not analogous to the emulsion properties. The Thai SI sample showed lower digestibility up to 120 min of in vitro digestion time than that of the Peru SI sample (p < 0.05). However, simulated in vitro pepsin digestion of Thai and Peru Si samples displayed hydrolyzed protein bands compared to trypsin digestion, which showed no protein patterns in both SI samples on a 4–20% gradient gel. These results suggest that the protein isolates from Thai and Peru SI exhibit marked variations in physical and techno-functional properties and have a high potential to be employed as plant-based protein additives for future non-animal-based protein-rich foods.

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an amphipathic functional phenol found in the olive tree, both in its leaves and fruits, in free or bound forms, as well as in olive oil and by-products of olive oil manufacture. The European Food Safety Authority recommends regular consumption of HT due to its several beneficial effects on human health, which are closely associated to its antioxidant activity. These reasons make HT an excellent candidate for application as a functional ingredient in the design of novel food products. Patents already exist for methodologies of extraction, purification, and application of HT in supplements and food products. The present review discusses the impact of HT incorporation on food properties and its effects on consumers, based on relevant data related to the use of HT as a functional ingredient, both as a pure compound or in the form of HT-rich extracts, in various food products, namely in edible oils, beverages, bakery products, as well animal-based foods such as meat, fishery and dairy products.

Tomato paste production generates a residue known as tomato pomace, which corresponds to peels and seeds separated during tomato processing. Currently, there is an opportunity to use tomato pomace to obtain a functional extract with antithrombotic properties, such as platelet anti-aggregant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and inhibitory activity of different extracts of tomato pomace on in vitro platelet aggregation, comparing this activity with commercial cardioprotective products, and quantify bioactive compounds. Aqueous or ethanolic/water (1:1) extracts of whole tomato pomace, seedless tomato pomace, tomato pomace supplemented with seeds (50% and 20%), and only seeds were obtained with different ultrasound-assisted extraction times. The inhibition of platelet aggregation was evaluated using a lumi-aggregometer. The quantification of bioactive compounds was determined by HPLC-MS. From 5 g of each type of tomato pomace sample, 0.023–0.22 g of a dry extract was obtained for the platelet aggregation assay. The time of sonication and extraction solvent had a significant role in platelet anti-aggregant activity of some extracts respect the control. Thus, the most active extracts decreased adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation from 87 ± 6% (control) to values between 26 ± 6% and 34 ± 2% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, different ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of tomato pomace fractions had varied concentration of flavonoids and nucleosides, and had an effect on extract yield.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative properties of cookies with the addition of raspberry, red currants and strawberry pomace flour. Cookies were prepared by substitution of wheat flour with berry pomace flour (10%, 15% and 20%) and evaluated in terms of their proximate composition, physical characteristics, and functional and sensory properties. Berry pomace-supplemented cookies had significantly higher dietary fibre content and different fibre fractions NDF (neutral detergent fibre), ADF (acid detergent fibre), MADF (insoluble fibre fraction of modified acid detergent solution) as well as WSCs (water soluble carbohydrates) content. Correlation analysis results showed that cookie hardness was significantly correlated with dietary fibre content. The raspberry, red currant and strawberry flours contained 49.88%, 33.13% and 24.25% of dietary fibre, respectively. The colour of the cookies was measured using a Color Flex spectrophotometer. The average L*, a*, and b* values ranged from 37.35 to 68.29, from 7.08 to 13.18, and from 20.12 to 34.73, respectively.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the addition of prickly pear peel flour (PPPF) to bread dough as a source of nutrient and bioactive compounds. The PPPF&rsquo, s physical, chemical and nutritional composition was evaluated, as well as its content of bioactive compounds betalains, and flavonoids. The characterization evidenced high fiber and carbohydrate contents and an elevated amount of polyphenols and betalain compounds. The PPPF was then added at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 50%, w/w) to bread formulations as a potential functional ingredient. All concentrations, except 50% PPPF, evidenced good leavening dough properties and were then tested for baking. In relation to the content of added PPPF, the amount of betalains, representing bioactive compounds, remained high even after the baking process, suggesting a protective matrix effect. Among the different formulations, those containing PPPF at 10% showed the highest values in terms of the leavening dough capacity and bread specific volume and received the best sensory evaluation score.

Skeletal muscle is the metabolic powerhouse of the body, however, dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mass maintenance can have devastating effects leading to many metabolic and physiological diseases. The lack of effective solutions makes finding a validated nutritional intervention an urgent unmet medical need. In vitro testing in murine skeletal muscle cells and human macrophages was carried out to determine the effect of a hydrolysate derived from vicia faba (PeptiStrong: NPN_1) against phosphorylated S6, atrophy gene expression, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&alpha, ) secretion, respectively. Finally, the efficacy of NPN_1 on attenuating muscle waste in vivo was assessed in an atrophy murine model. Treatment of NPN_1 significantly increased the phosphorylation of S6, downregulated muscle atrophy related genes, and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-&alpha, release in vitro. In a disuse atrophy murine model, following 18 days of NPN_1 treatment, mice exhibited a significant attenuation of muscle loss in the soleus muscle and increased the integrated expression of Type I and Type IIa fibres. At the RNA level, a significant upregulation of protein synthesis-related genes was observed in the soleus muscle following NPN_1 treatment. In vitro and preclinical results suggest that NPN_1 is an effective bioactive ingredient with great potential to prolong muscle health.

Introduction: the resistant starch (RS) is a non-viscous and fermentable soluble fiber which is classified as the portion of starch that cannot be digested by small intestine amylases and upon reaching the intestinal colon is fermented by gut microbiota. RS has funcional properties due to its impacts on blood glucose, lipid profile, satiety increase and gastrointestinal health.Objective: compiling studies which aim the effects of resistant starch in body, discussing the different results obtained about RS in clinical and preclinical trials, demonstrating how it’s impact on human health.Materials and methods: 30 articles were collected and among them experimental and clinical studies and reviews. It was obtained by PubMed, Scielo, Portal de Periódicos CAPES, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect data which has been published since 2013 as a search criteria.Results: impacts were found in resistant starch consumption regarding decrease of glycemic response, weight loss linked to increase of satiety, fat profile and gut microbiota improvement due to its potential to increase short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production as a prebiotic.Conclusion: resistant starch has physiological and metabolic implications in human organism which may be widely used as a functional ingredient. Introdução: O amido resistente (AR) é uma fibra solúvel não viscosa e fermentável, definida como a porção de amido que não pode ser digerida por amilases do intestino delgado e, ao chegar no cólon intestinal é fermentado pela microbiota intestinal. Possui propriedades funcionais devido aos seus impactos na glicemia, perfil lipídico, aumento da saciedade e saúde gastrointestinal.Objetivo: compilar estudos que apontam os efeitos do amido resistente no organismo, discutindo os diferentes resultados obtidos sobre o AR nos ensaios clínicos e pré-clínicos, demonstrando seu impacto na saúde humana.Materiais e métodos: foram reunidos 30 artigos científicos, entre eles, estudos clínicos, experimentais e revisões literárias, a partir das bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Portal de Periódicos CAPES, Google Acadêmico e ScienceDirect, tendo como critério de busca artigos que foram publicados a partir do ano de 2013.Resultados: foram encontrados impactos da ingestão de amido resistente na redução da resposta glicêmica, perda de peso vinculada ao aumento da saciedade, melhora do perfil lipídico e melhora da microbiota intestinal devido ao seu potencial em aumentar a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) como um prebiótico.Conclusões: conclui-se que o amido resistente possui implicações fisiológicas e metabólicas no organismo humano, podendo ser amplamente utilizado como um ingrediente funcional.

Several topical products have been developed to avoid the harmful effects from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as sunscreens. Research for actives from natural sources is increasing due to the fact that chemical filters could induce adverse events. The microalgae Botryococcus braunii has potential interest in cosmetic applications. Specialized literature reported that B. braunii aqueous extract induced a reduction in skin dehydration and collagen production and promoted antioxidant activity. This research aimed to produce B. braunii biomass and to investigate its contribution regarding photoprotection. Formulations containing B. braunii dry biomass, with or without UV filters into vehicles composed of an emulsifying polymer or a self-emulsifying base, were evaluated in vitro by means of photoprotective activity and photostability. B. braunii dry biomass did not provide adequate photoprotection efficacy; however, it was observed that the self-emulsifying base promoted better sun protection factor (SPF) in comparison with the emulsifying polymer.

A great variety of functional foods, nutraceuticals, or foods with bioactive compounds are provided nowadays to consumers. Aware of the importance of the safety aspects, the food industry has to comply with different legal requirements around the world. In this review, the European regulatory framework for food-related bioactive compounds is summarized. The term ‘bioactive compound’ is not defined in the European regulations, however, since they can be part of food supplements, fortified foods, or novel food, they are included within the legal requirements of those corresponding types of foods or supplements. Lists of authorized compounds/foods appear in the correspondent regulations, however, when a new compound/food is going to be launched into the market, its safety assessment is essential. Although the responsibility for the safety of these compounds/foods lies with the food business operator placing the product on the market, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) carries out scientific evaluations to assess the risks for human health. To facilitate this procedure, different guidelines exist at the European level to explain the tier toxicity testing approach to be considered. This approach divides the evaluation into four areas: (a) toxicokinetics; (b) genotoxicity; (c) subchronic and chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity; and (d) reproductive and developmental toxicity.

Although juices can be enriched with various functional ingredients, they can also be obtained by blending different fruit juices with higher levels of functional compounds. However, the short shelf-life of these products fostered the developments of innovative non-thermal technologies capable of retaining nutritive and sensory qualities while still preserving food safety. In order to use the benefits of milder processing conditions from the abovementioned technologies, researchers applied the “hurdle” concept. This concept involves using different processing technologies at slighter operating conditions than when each is used alone. The major advantage of this approach is referred to as the synergistic effect of various mechanisms (e.g., cavitation, electroporation) resulting in a high-quality product. For instance, “hurdle” technology for preservation of juices commonly combines pulsed electric field (PEF), high hydrostatic pressure (HPP), and high-power ultrasound (HPU). The additional combining of any of these technologies with thermal processes under lower temperatures (

"First published: 10 September 2020", BACKGROUND Olive oil industry generates significant amounts of semi-solid wastes, namely the olive pomace. Olive pomace is a by-product rich in high-value compounds (e.g. dietary fibre, unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols) widely explored to obtain new food ingredients. However, conventional extraction methods frequently use organic solvents, while novel eco-friendly techniques have high operational costs. The development of powdered products without any extraction step has been proposed as a more feasible and sustainable approach. RESULTS The present study fractionated and valorised the liquid and pulp fraction of olive pomace obtaining two stable and safe powdered ingredients, namely a liquid-enriched powder (LOPP) and a pulp-enriched powder (POPP). These powders were characterized chemically, and their bioactivity was assessed. LOPP exhibited a significant amount of mannitol (141 g/ kg), potassium (54 g/ kg) and hydroxytyrosol/ derivatives (5 mg/g). POPP exhibited high amount of dietary fibre (620 g/ kg) associated to significant amount of bound phenolics (7.41 mg GAE/ g fibre DW) with substantial antioxidant activity. POPP also contained an unsaturated fatty acids composition similar to olive oil (76\% of total fatty acids) and showed potential as a reasonable source of protein (12 \%). Their functional properties (solubility, water-holding and oil-holding capacity), antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity were also assessed, and their biological safety was verified. CONCLUSION The development of olive pomace powders to apply in the food industry could be a suitable strategy to add-value to olive pomace and obtain safe multifunctional ingredients with higher health-promoting effects than dietary fibre and polyphenols itself. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved., TBR thanks the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal for PhD grant SFRH/BDE/108271/2015 and the financial support of Association BLC3 – Technology and Innovation Campus. This work was supported by National Funds from FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the project MULTIBIOREFINERY – SAICTPAC/0040/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403). We are also grateful for the scientific collaboration under the FCT project UID/Multi/50016/2019., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion