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In June 2021, HVAD System distribution ceased due to observational data demonstrating increased mortality and neurological events compared to another commercial device, and a device malfunction with delay or failure to restart, especially in certain subpopulations. To assess ongoing risk for patients on support following subsequent device recalls, the manufacturer's Intermacs HVAD System 2022 Quarterly Reports were queried to identify mortality and adverse events trends in a contemporary cohort of 3110 primary HVAD implantations since October 2017, stratified by year-of-implant. Mean duration of support was 21 ± 16 months, with 33% alive on original device, 25% transplanted, 6% undergoing device exchange, 4% recovered, and 32% expired. Kaplan–Meier and event-per-patient-year estimates for survival, freedom from device explant, stroke, and pump thrombus were similar across year-of-implant. Following market withdrawal and recent device recalls, there appears to be no increase in mortality, stroke, pump thrombus, or explant for HVAD-supported patients. Quarterly report monitoring is ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

> Context • Reliably differentiating between memories of events that happened and those that did not (commonly referred to as "false memories" in the literature) is essential for both personal and societal well-being, yet studies increasingly show that this is nearly impossible to achieve. > Problem • Significant support for this conclusion comes from the research using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, which has been limited in terms of behavioral and phenomenological measures employed, particularly concerning recall memory (as opposed to recognition memory). > Method • We used a combination of disciplined first-person methodology and behavioral measures to explore the process of recall in the DRM paradigm. Participants were interrupted during word recall and underwent phenomenological interviews about their recall processes. Reaction times and performance accuracy were measured for each recalled word. > Results • We identified a diverse selection of categories pertaining to the phenomenology of recall, describing the mechanisms of attention, structural and processual characteristics, mood and motivation, and other experiences indirectly related to recall. These categories were used to construct the phenomenological indicators of accurate and inaccurate recall. The most coherent accurate recall indicators were related to the experience of strong certainty or the emergence of a word matching the critical lure during encoding as a word that should be avoided during recall. The most coherent inaccurate recall indicators were linked to a deliberate, inferential type of recall or an automatic and fluid recall. Preliminary joint analysis of phenomenological and behavioral data indicated support for the most coherent inaccurate recall indicators, showing varying reaction times associated with different indicators and noticeable differences in the serial position of recalled words corresponding to the indicators. > Implications • This study sheds light on the complexity of recall in the DRM paradigm, highlighting the need for a phenomenologically driven mixed-methods approach in a quest to better understand the nature of both accurate and inaccurate memories. > Constructivist content • The research design for this study draws heavily on Varela's neurophenomenological framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a quality control method based on machine learning neural networks to enhance the quality of high-frequency (HF) radar data. Unlike traditional quality control methods that rely on radar signals as indicators and involve extensive data manipulation in specialized software, our approach employs a Bi-LSTM neural network model. This method aims to improve data quality and streamline the quality control process. Through a series of analyses, we demonstrate the feasibility of using machine learning techniques to enhance radar data quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Driven by Internet technology, the explosion of video content is growing exponentially. Hence, the need for video analysis and interpretation by human cognition is taken into account. Memorability is one of the cognitive measures that define the recall ability of watched visual content. Prior research works are done on image memorability, and video memorability modeling is least focused. Moreover, the computational features need to be robust to build a strong video memorability predictor model that is also not focused earlier. This paper proposes a robust, scalable and novel Stacked Bin- Convolutional Neural Network (SB_CNN) based Sparse Low-Rank Regressor (SLRR) model that classifies and predicts the interesting events of videos by performing a robust feature scaling process and intelligent memorability tasks. Inspired by the Low-Rank Representation (LRR) property in noise data handling, the proposed feature extraction process covered the low-rank issue on attributes such as objects, scenes, and annotated to the original feature space. The estimated sparse coefficient vector is fed into the Stacked Bin- Convolutional Neural Networks (SB-CNN) model that establishes the connections between video frames and their memorability scores by means of electing the best frames by following the objectives of Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) technique. The selected frames are fed into the CNN classifier. With the estimated decision score, the proposed classifier has effectively predicted the events from relevant video with the better recall time 49. 9247. Experiments conducted on public datasets, SumMe and SUN database demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antidepressants have been proposed to act via their influence on emotional processing. We investigated the effect of discontinuing maintenance antidepressant treatment on positive and negative self-referential recall and the association between self-referential recall and risk of relapse. Methods: The ANTLER trial was a large (N = 478) pragmatic double-blind trial investigating the clinical effectiveness of long-term antidepressant treatment for preventing relapse in primary care patients. Participants were randomised to continue their maintenance antidepressants or discontinue via a taper to placebo. We analysed memory for positive and negative personality descriptors, assessed at baseline, 12- and 52-week follow-up. Results: The recall task was completed by 437 participants. There was no evidence of an effect of discontinuation on self-referential recall at 12 [positive recall ratio 1.00, 95% CI (0.90–1.11), p = 0.93; negative recall ratio 1.00 (0.87–1.14), p = 0.87] or 52 weeks [positive recall ratio 1.03 (0.91–1.17), p = 0.62; negative recall ratio 1.00 (0.86–1.15), p = 0.96; ratios larger than one indicate higher recall in the discontinuation group], and no evidence of an association between recall at baseline or 12 weeks and later relapse [baseline, positive hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (0.93–1.12), p = 0.74; negative HR 1.01 (0.90–1.13), p = 0.87; 12 weeks, positive HR 0.99 (0.89–1.09), p = 0.81; negative HR 0.98 (0.84–1.14), p = 0.78; ratios larger than one indicate a higher frequency of relapse in those with higher recall]. Conclusions: We found no evidence that discontinuing long-term antidepressants altered self-referential recall or that self-referential recall was associated with risk of relapse. These findings suggest that self-referential recall is not a neuropsychological marker of antidepressant action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern medicine, medical tests are used for various purposes including diagnosis, disease screening, prognosis, and risk prediction. To quantify the performance of the binary medical test, we often use sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values as measures. Additionally, the F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score, which is defined as the harmonic mean of precision (positive predictive value) and recall (sensitivity), has come to be used in the medical field due to its favorable characteristics. The F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score has been extended for multi‐class classification, and two types of F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐scores have been proposed for multi‐class classification: a micro‐averaged F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score and a macro‐averaged F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score. The micro‐averaged F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score pools per‐sample classifications across classes and then calculates the overall F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score, whereas the macro‐averaged F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score computes an arithmetic mean of the F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐scores for each class. Additionally, Sokolova and Lapalme1$$ {}^1 $$ gave an alternative definition of the macro‐averaged F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐score as the harmonic mean of the arithmetic means of the precision and recall over classes. Although some statistical methods of inference for binary and multi‐class F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐scores have been proposed, the methodology development of hypothesis testing procedure for them has not been fully progressing yet. Therefore, we aim to develop hypothesis testing procedure for comparing two F1$$ {F}_1 $$‐scores in paired study design based on the large sample multivariate central limit theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glm R package is commonly used for generalized linear modeling. In this paper, we evaluate the ability of the glm package to predict binomial outcomes using logistic regression. We use single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, after a series of normalization, to fit data into glm models repeatedly using 10-fold cross-validation over 100 iterations. Our evaluation criteria are glm's Precision, Recall, F1-Score, Area Under the Curve (AUC), and Runtime. Scores for each evaluation category are collected, and their medians are calculated. Our findings show that glm has fluctuating Precision and F1-Scores. In terms of Recall, glm has shown more stable performance, while in the AUC category, glm shows remarkable performance. Also, the Runtime of glm is consistent. Our findings also show that there are no correlations between the size of fitted data and glm's Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and AUC, except for Runtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the fostering relationships function of patient-centered communication (PCC), the present study utilized a 2 (high/low nonverbal immediacy) x 2 (high/low verbal immediacy) between-subjects experimental design to determine whether physician verbal and nonverbal immediacy influenced participant liking for physician, motivation to process a health message, and recall of the health message. An actor physician delivered a 3–4 minute video-recorded message, diagnosing U.S. adult participants, serving as analogue patients, with a health issue. The results indicated main effects for physician verbal immediacy and nonverbal immediacy on participant liking for physician and motivation such that participants had greater liking for the physician and motivation to do what the physician requested when the physician demonstrated greater verbal and nonverbal immediacy. However, physician verbal and nonverbal immediacy did not influence participantsʻ recall. Physicians should consider displaying verbal and nonverbal immediacy to create a positive impression among patients, and to motivate patients to take steps to improve their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Free recall tasks target cognitive and linguistic processes such as episodic memory, lexical access, and retrieval. Consequently, the free recall paradigm is suitable for assessing memory deterioration caused by aging, which can be influenced by stimulus presentation modality. Hence, the present study aimed to determine if aging has an effect on visual and auditory recall abilities. Materials and Methods: Twenty young adults (mean age: 25.4 ± 0.99) and older adults (mean age: 63.3 ± 3.51) participated in the study. Participants performed a free recall task under two conditions - related and unrelated and two modalities - visual and auditory where they were instructed to recall as many items as possible with no specific order and time limit. Results: Free recall performance was calculated as the mean number of correctly recalled items. Although younger participants recalled a higher number of items, the performance across conditions and modality was variable. Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed an age-related decline in the efficiency of episodic memory, which is crucial to remember recent events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments comparing intuitive and reflective decisions provide insights into the cognitive foundations of human behavior. However, the relative strengths and weaknesses of the frequently used experimental techniques for activating intuition and reflection remain unknown. In a large-scale preregistered online experiment (N = 3667), we compared the effects of eight reflection, six intuition, and two within-subjects manipulations on actual and self-reported measures of cognitive performance. Compared to the overall control, the long debiasing training was the most effective technique for increasing actual reflection scores, and the emotion induction was the most effective technique for increasing actual intuition scores. In contrast, the reason and the intuition recall, the reason induction, and the brief time delay conditions failed to achieve the intended effects. We recommend using the debiasing training, the decision justification, or the monetary incentives technique to activate reflection, and the emotion induction, the cognitive load, or the time pressure technique to activate intuition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Credit card Fraud detection is a critical task in various industries, including finance and e-commerce, where identifying fraudulent activities can help prevent financial losses and protect users. It begins by combining two datasets containing fraudulent and non-fraudulent transactions to create a comprehensive dataset for analysis. Data is preprocessed by removing unnecessary features, calculating distance metrics, and generating new variables to capture temporal patterns and transaction history. Multicollinearity issues are addressed through feature selection. Improved Random Forest (RF) algorithm is used to improve fraud detection. The experimental results indicate that the improved Random Forest algorithm achieves commendable accuracy in fraud detection. The proposed model achieves 99.87% training accuracy and 99.41% testing accuracy. The Model's performance is evaluated by measuring precision, recall, F1-score and support. Our research emphasizes the importance of considering improved algorithms to achieve better results. The findings provide valuable insights for organizations aiming to enhance their fraud detection capabilities and make informed decisions to protect their systems and users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Direito da Cidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the use of deep recurrent neural networks to classify traffic patterns in smart cities. We propose a novel approach to traffic pattern classification based on deep recurrent neural networks, which can effectively capture traffic patterns' dynamic and sequential features. The proposed model combines convolutional and recurrent layers to extract features from traffic pattern data and a SoftMax layer to classify traffic patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms existing methods regarding accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the results and discuss the implications of the proposed model for smart cities. The results show that the proposed model can accurately classify traffic patterns in smart cities with a precision of as high as 95%. The proposed model is evaluated on a real-world traffic pattern dataset and compared with existing classification methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Many medicine quality problems are detected after they arrive at health facilities. Thus, critically defective medicines that may pose health risks to patients need to be withheld or recalled. Aims: To investigate the withheld and recalled medicines in relation to the types of defects, their total numbers, therapeutic categories, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and country of manufacturer during the study period. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on withheld and recalled medicines published on the publicly available National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA) official website in Sri Lanka between June 2018 and August 2021. Details on substandard medicines (SM) were extracted and documented. Each record of SM was individually reviewed to determine the type of defect, subsequent action taken by NMRA, therapeutic category, pharmaceutical dosage form, and country of manufacturer. Results: A total of 163 defects were identified in 143 defective medicines, among which the most common types of defects were contamination (n = 59, 36.2%), stability defects (n = 41, 25.2%), packaging and labelling defects (n = 27, 16.6%) and active pharmaceutical ingredient defects (n = 26, 15.9%). Out of 143 total defective medicines identified, anti-infectives accounted for 41.9%, while parenteral preparations (44.0%) were found to be frequently defective. Nearly 70% of the recalled and withheld medicines were of Indian origin, and some manufacturers were identified to be repeatedly involved. Conclusions: This study revealed that contamination was the most frequent cause of defective medicines, while parenteral preparations and anti-infectives were the most susceptible pharmaceutical dosage form and therapeutic category found to be substandard, respectively. In addition, the findings show that some manufacturers were accountable for repetitive withholdings and recalls, which reflects the ignorance of quality control measures and weak regulatory inspections as a violation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instructional videos are increasingly employed in a physical education domain in order to enhance motor learning and self-motivational beliefs. However, evidence showed that videos are generally ineffective because they often create extraneous loads due to the information transience and passive processing of information. The current study investigates the effects of controlling the display of video on learning outcomes – expressed in terms of recall and transfer scores – and situational interest in physical education settings. 60 tenth-grade students (Mage = 15.90 years, SDage = 1.32 months; 30 boys and 30 girls) were instructed to study using either a continuous video (presented without pauses), a system-controlled video using predefined segments or a self-controlled video where the learner uses 'stop' and 'play' keys. Then, they were asked to perform the learning tests (i.e. game comprehension test and game performance test) and evaluate the situational interest of the learning materials (i.e. attention demand, challenge, exploration intention, instant enjoyment, novelty). The results from one-way ANOVAs revealed that students performed significantly better on both recall and transfer post-tests when the video was either system-controlled or self-controlled, which suggested that studying a controlled video could decrease irrelevant cognitive load and so yield better learning performances. Concerning the situational interest variable, students in the self-controlled condition scored significantly higher on almost all dimensions of situational interest. This study indicates that self-controlled video, as applied in this study, can be integrated in a physical education context to foster learning and enhance situational interest. The discussion advances several options for enhancing the effectiveness of instructional videos during physical education lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In reward-based learning and value-directed remembering, many different value structures for the to-be-remembered information have been used by researchers. I was interested in whether different scoring structures used in a value-directed remembering task impact measures of memory selectivity. Participants studied lists of words paired with point values and some lists included words paired with values ranging from 1 to 20, 1 to 10 (repeating twice), either a high value (10 points) or a low value (1 point), and either a high value (10 points), a medium value (5 points) or a low value (1 point). Results suggest that (1) in tests of free recall, if using a continuous value scale, the range of values matters in terms of selective memory, (2) analysing the selectivity index can yield different results than modelling item-level recall using point values (and the latter may be a preferable approach), (3) measures of selectivity using different value structures may lack construct validity when testing memory via recognition tests, and (4) the effect of value on memory is much larger on recall than recognition tests. Thus, I suggest that researchers carefully consider and justify the value structure used when examining selective memory for valuable information in list learning tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated indexical variation as a variable that promotes second language (L2) vocabulary learning across language modalities. In three experiments, we presented Catalan Sign Language signs (Experiments 1a and 1b), pseudowords (Experiment 2), and English words (Experiment 3) to participants in three conditions that varied in the number of people who introduced these stimuli (one, three, or six people). We evaluated learning outcomes in two recall tasks: a picture‐to‐L2 naming task and a L2‐to‐L1 translation task. For the sign modality, indexical variation benefitted the immediate recall of signs in the translation task (Experiment 1a) and delayed recall after two weeks in the picture naming task (Experiment 1b). For the oral modality, we observed no effect when participants learned pseudowords (Experiment 2), but variability benefited recall in the translation task when participants learned English words (Experiment 3). We discuss these contrastive results, considering the influence of indexical variation in adult L2 sign and oral vocabulary learning. A one‐page Accessible Summary of this article in non‐technical language is freely available in the Supporting Information online and at https://oasis‐database.org [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Panama wilt disease that attacks banana leaves has caused enormous economic losses to farmers. Early detection of this disease and necessary preventive measures can avoid economic damage. This paper proposes an improved method to predict Panama wilt disease based on symptoms using an agro deep learning algorithm. The proposed deep learning model for detecting Panama wilts disease is essential because it can help accurately identify infected plants in a timely manner. It can be instrumental in large-scale agricultural operations where Panama wilts disease could spread quickly and cause significant crop loss. Additionally, deep learning models can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatments and help farmers make informed decisions about how to manage the disease best. This method is designed to predict the severity of the disease and its consequences based on the arrangement of color and shape changes in banana leaves. The present proposed method is compared with its previous methods, and it achieved 91.56% accuracy, 91.61% precision, 88.56% recall and 81.56% F1-score.

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate growing Internet use in relation to memory and cognition. Though literature reveals human capability to utilize the Internet as a transactive memory source, the formational mechanisms of such transactive memory systems are not extensively explored. The Internet’s comparative effects on transactive memory and semantic memory are also relatively unknown. Methods This study comprises two experimental memory task survey phases utilizing null hypothesis and standard error tests to assess significance of results. Results When information is expected to be saved and accessible, recall rates are lower, regardless of explicit instructions to remember (Phase 1, N = 20). Phase 2 suggests the importance of order of attempted recall: depending on whether users first attempt to recall (1) desired information or (2) the information’s location, subsequent successful cognitive retrieval is more likely to occur for (1) only desired information or both desired information and location thereof or (2) only desired information’s location, respectively (N = 22). Conclusions This study yields several theoretical advances in memory research. The notion of information being saved online and accessible in the future negatively affects semantic memory. Phase 2 reveals an adaptive dynamic—(1) as Internet users often have a vague idea of desired information before searching for it on the Internet, first accessing semantic memory serves as an aid for subsequent transactive memory use and (2) if transactive memory access is successful, the need to retrieve desired information from semantic memory is inherently eliminated. By repeatedly defaulting to first accessing semantic memory and then transactive memory or to accessing transactive memory only, Internet users may form and reinforce transactive memory systems with the Internet, or may refrain from enhancing and decrease reliance on transactive memory systems by repeatedly defaulting to access only semantic memory; the formation and permanence of transactive memory systems are subject to users’ will. Future research spans the domains of psychology and philosophy.

Background Even with all the care taken during the production process, the pharmaceutical industries are still subject to manufacturing medicines with quality deviations, generating commercialized products without the required quality and necessitating their subsequent recall from the market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reasons that led to the recall of medicines in Brazil in the period evaluated. Methods This is a descriptive study (using document analysis), on the recall of substandard medicines registered on the website of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), from 2010 to 2018. The variables studied were the type of medicine (reference, generic, similar, specific, biological, herbal, simplified notification, new and radiopharmaceutical), type of pharmaceutical dosage form (solid, liquid, semi-solid and parenteral preparation), and reason for recall (Good manufacturing practices, quality and quality/good manufacturing practices). Results A total of n = 3,056 recalls of substandard medicine were recorded. Similar medicines had a higher recall index (30.1%), followed by generics (21.3%), simplified notification (20.7%) and reference (12.2%). Different dosage forms had similar recalls: solids (35.2%), liquids (31.2%) and parenteral preparations (30.0%), with the exception of semi-solids (3.4%). The reasons for the highest occurrences were related to good manufacturing practices (58.4%) and quality (40.4%). Conclusion The probable cause for this high number of recalls is the fact that, even with all the quality controls and processes in accordance with good manufacturing practices, errors can occur, both human and in automated processes, thus causing the release of batches that should not have been approved. In summary, it is necessary for manufacturers to implement a robust and well structured quality system in order to avoid such deviations, and it is up to ANVISA to apply greater oversight in the post marketing of these products.

The aim was to investigate how the congruence of odors and visual objects in virtual reality (VR) affects later memory recall of the objects. Participants (N = 30) interacted with 12 objects in VR. The interaction was varied by odor congruency (i.e., the odor matched the object’s visual appearance, the odor did not match the object’s visual appearance, or the object had no odor); odor quality (i.e., an authentic or a synthetic odor); and interaction type (i.e., participants could look and manipulate or could only look at objects). After interacting with the 12 objects, incidental memory performance was measured with a free recall task. In addition, the participants rated the pleasantness and arousal of the interaction with each object. The results showed that the participants remembered significantly more objects with congruent odors than objects with incongruent odors or odorless objects. Furthermore, interaction with congruent objects was rated significantly more pleasant and relaxed than interaction with incongruent objects. Odor quality and interaction type did not have significant effects on recall or emotional ratings. These results can be utilized in the development of multisensory VR applications.

We describe a rare food contamination of organically grown frozen green beans with Solanum nigrum, also called black night shade, which were widely available in supermarkets in the Netherlands. To our knowledge, only three adults and one child were referred to the emergency department for observation after eating the contaminated green beans. Only minor symptoms were seen during observation. The remainder of the frozen green beans were obtained from the patients and sent for analysis within one day. Within two and a half days after the first case, a public safety warning and recall were launched. Due to an increase in popularity of organic food, more incidents involving toxic weed contaminants like the one we describe in this report could happen when quality control in organic agriculture is insufficient. In this event, the critical control point obtained from the hazard analysis was insufficiently managed by the producer. This report demonstrates the efficient collaboration between the Dutch Poisons Information Centre, treating physicians at the hospital and the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority in case of a possible public safety issue. Because of quick acting and collaboration between the involved parties, the product was quickly withdrawn from the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The relevance of the proposed methodology for recalling substandard products from the pharmaceutical market is determined by the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001-2015 and GOST R ISO 10393-2014. The aim of the work is to choose methods for identifying poor-quality products in the pharmaceutical market and develop a procedure for recalling them. Materials and methods. To solve this problem, the method of the matrix of consequences and probabilities was used according to the indicators "risk probability" and "risk impact level". Results. In the course of the work, a methodology was proposed for recalling poor-quality products from the pharmaceutical market, which is an integral part of the quality management system for pharmaceutical products. Conclusions. The positive results of the work open up the prospect of effective application of the methodology as a basis for organizing the recall management process in any pharmaceutical industry or for improving an existing process.

Many social media (SM) platforms have emerged as a result of the online social network's (OSN) rapid expansion. SM has become important in day-to-day life, and spammers have turned their attention to SM. Spam detection (SD) is done in two different ways, such as machine learning (ML) and expert-based detection. The expert-based detection technique's accuracy depends on expert knowledge, and it takes huge time to detect the spams. Thus, ML-based spam detection is preferred in OSN. Spam identification on social networks is a difficult operation involving a variety of factors, and spam and ham have resulted in an imbalanced data distribution, which gives flexibility to spammers for corrupting our devices. SD based on ML algorithms like logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB), voting classifier (VC) and extra tree classifier (ETC) are used to design the address balance and to attain high assessment accuracy in an imbalanced datasets. ETC method minimizes the bias through the original sampling process. For reducing processing complexity, the ETC method uses a smaller size constant factor instead of a larger one. Thus, the ETC technique produces better data splitting than DT and RF techniques. Text is vectorized by vectorizers, and all the relative results are stored in it. The VC is an ensemble method that integrates predictions form several methods to forecast an output class depending on which predictions have the highest probability. The multi-class results are aggregated and forecast for the majority voted class. The experimental result shows that, as compared to KN, NB, ETC, RF, SVC, LR, XGB and DT, the proposed VC provides a higher classification accuracy rate of 97.96%, 97.56% of precision, 89.95% of recall and 91.96% of F1-measures. Similarly, ETC provides 97.77% accuracy, 98.31% of precision, 84.78% of recall and 91.05% of F1-measures. Compared to conventional ML algorithms, VC and ETC provide higher accuracy, precision, recall and F1-measures. Thus, ETC and VC are preferable for spam detection. The website has been designed to detect messages as spam or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nucleus reuniens (RE) is situated in the midline thalamus and provides a key link between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This anatomical relationship positions the Re as an ideal candidate to facilitate memory consolidation. However, there is no evidence that this role extends beyond spatial memory and contextual fear memory, which are both strongly associated with hippocampal function. We, therefore, trained intact male Long-Evans rats on an odor-trace-object paired-associate task where the explicit 10-s delay between paired items renders the task sensitive to hippocampal function. Neurons in the RE showed significantly increased activation of the immediate early gene (Zif268) when rats were re-tested for previous non-spatial memory 25 days after acquisition training, compared to a group tested at 5-days post-acquisition, as well as a control group tested 25 days after acquisition but with a new pair of non-spatial stimuli, and home cage controls. The remote recall group also showed relatively augmented IEG expression in the superficial layers of the medial PFC (anterior cingulate cortex and prelimbic cortex). These findings support the conclusion that the RE is preferentially engaged during remote recall in this non-spatial task and thus has a role beyond spatial memory and contextual fear memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fingerprints are widely used as effective personal authentication systems, because they constitute unique, robust, and risk-free evidence. Fingerprinting techniques refer to biometric procedures used for identifying individuals based on their physical characteristics. A fingerprint image contains ridges and valleys forming a directionally-oriented pattern. The robustness of the fingerprint authentication technique determines the quality of the fingerprint image. This study proposed an intelligent 12-layered Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model using Deep learning (DL) for gender determination based on fingerprints. Further, the study compared the performance of this model to existing state-of-the-art methods. The primary goal of this study was to reduce the number of comparisons within a large database obtained from automatic fingerprint recognition systems. The classification process was found to be swifter and more accurate when analysis of the DL algorithm was performed. With reference to the criteria of precision, recall, and accuracy evaluation during classification, this proposed 12-layered CNN model outperformed the Residual Neural Network with 50 Layers (ResNet-50) and Dense Convolutional Network with 201 Layers (DenseNet-201) models. The accuracies obtained were 97.0%, 95.8%, 98.0%, and 96.8% for female-left, female-right, male-left, and male-right classes respectively, while achieving an overall accuracy of 94.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Studies examining the potential impact of mothers' health during pregnancy on the health of their offspring often rely on self-reported information gathered several years later. To assess the validity of this approach, we analysed data from a national case–control study of childhood cancer (diagnosed <15 years) that collected health information from both interviews and medical records. Methods Mothers' interview reports of infections and medications in pregnancy were compared with primary care records. Taking clinical diagnoses and prescriptions as the reference, sensitivity and specificity of maternal recall along with kappa coefficients of agreement were calculated. Differences in the odd ratios estimated using logistic regression for each information source were assessed using the proportional change in the odds ratio (OR). Results Mothers of 1624 cases and 2524 controls were interviewed ∼6 years (range 0–18 years) after their child's birth. Most drugs and infections were underreported; in general practitioner records, antibiotic prescriptions were nearly three times higher and infections >40% higher. Decreasing with increasing time since pregnancy, sensitivity was ⩽40% for most infections and all drugs except 'anti-epileptics and barbiturates' (sensitivity 80% among controls). ORs associated with individual drug/disease categories that were based on self-reported data varied from 26% lower to 26% higher than those based on medical records; reporting differences between mothers of cases and controls were not systematically in the same direction. Conclusions The findings highlight the scale of under-reporting and poor validity of questionnaire-based studies conducted several years after pregnancy. Future research using prospectively collected data should be encouraged to minimize measurement errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of research in the study of memory has accumulated to date on the part-list cuing impairment in recall. This phenomenon refers to the lower recall of studied information in the presence of some studied words provided as retrieval cues compared to when no cues are provided. We review the current literature on the part-list cuing impairment in recall and report a meta-analysis utilizing the procedural and statistical information obtained from 109 samples (N = 5,605). In each experiment, participants studied a list of words and subsequently performed a recall task either in the presence or absence of part-list cues. The meta-analysis shows that the part-list cuing impairment is a robust, medium-sized impairment (Cohen, 1988). This recall impairment was not significantly sensitive to the number of study items provided, the relationship among study items, the number of part-list cues provided, the amount of time provided for recall, or certain other factors of interest. Our analyses also demonstrate that longer retention periods between study and retrieval mitigate the part-list cuing impairment in recall. We discuss the implications of meta-analysis results for elements of experimental design, the findings of past literature, as well as the underlying theoretical mechanisms proposed to account for this impairment in recall and the applied consequences of this recall impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthopaedic devices comprise nearly 20% of devices on the market and 12% to 20% of these devices undergo a recall within 10 years. More than 95% of these devices are approved without supporting clinical data through the Food and Drug Administration's 510(k) pathway. The risk of recall of orthopaedic arthroplasty devices approved through the 510(k) pathway has not been previously studied. The FDA 510(k) database was queried for orthopaedic devices approved between January 01, 2008 and December 31, 2018 and subsequently codified to hip and knee arthroplasty devices using product codes. The database included 904 arthroplasty devices during the study period, with hip and knee making up 53.7% (485) and 46.3% (419) of devices, respectively. Information regarding numbers, dates, and reasons for recall were recorded. Cumulative incidence function was conducted to compare the risk of recall between hip and knee arthroplasty. In total, 94 (19.4%) hip and 85 (20.3%) knee devices were recalled. The hazard of recall by 10 years for hip and knee arthroplasty devices was approximately 24%, with no statistical differences between each region. The most common causes of recall were process control and device design, accounting for 29.6% and 26.3% of recalls, respectively, with no significant difference between study groups. The risk of recall for arthroplasty devices is more than that previously understood. Improved postmarket surveillance strategies along with increased physician participation in detecting and reporting device safety issues are necessary to strengthen patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populism is deeply embedded in a democratic society, and a thin ideology composed of many different concepts affects people's attitudes toward political elites and their vote choices. Based on voters' populist inclination, this paper analyzes the voting in the recall of the mayor and the by-election of Kaohsiung City in 2020. In the two different voting periods, the voters' populist inclination was affected by their demographic background and political attitudes. This study uses two sets of data to analyze the voting for the recall and the byelection. One is "A Voting Study of Kaohsiung City's Third Mayoral Recall" hosted by Tsai Chia-hung and conducted by the National Chengchi University's Election Study Center, and the other is "Taiwan's Election and Democratization Study, 2020-2024(I): Kaohsiung City Mayor By-Elections: Telephone Interview hosted by Chen Luhui" conducted by the National Chengchi University's Election Study Center. We found that during the recall period, populism was affected by the age and education of the voters. During the by-election period, the populist inclination was affected by voters' party identity, Taiwanese/Chinese identity, education and occupation. In addition, the populist inclination of Kaohsiung voters did not affect their decision to vote for recall. Their satisfaction with Han Guo-yu was the main reason for voters to vote for the recall and in the by-election, voters with lower populist inclination voted for Chen Chi-mai, but it did not influence voters to vote for Li Mei-jhen. Although Han Guo-yu helped Li Mei-jhen in the campaign, it did not affect the voters' choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) is typically observed in verbal memory tasks, although a few studies have observed RIF in visual spatial tasks. This leaves an open question as to whether RIF depends on semantic identity to link across semantic properties of objects, or whether RIF depends on access to the perceptual features of objects. To explore RIF of spatial positions, we report three experiments utilizing a continuous measure of the accessibility and precision for objects that were distinguished by their shape, color, and spatial region. After a study phase, half of the objects in a single-color category were selectively practiced for their spatial position, by requiring the object to be placed in the exact spatial position seen previously. Finally, all objects were probed for their spatial position at test. No RIF occurred for objects that shared only one color feature but were located within the same spatial region (in Experiment 1) or when objects shared the same color, but were located within different spatial regions (in Experiment 3). However, RIF did occur when objects shared the same spatial region and the same color (Experiment 2). Overall, the interim recall of the spatial positions of cue-objects impairs access to the position of other cue-objects within the same color category, but only when these groups had sufficient overlapping and competing features. The finding that RIF only occurs to the accessibility of spatial positions, not the precision of visual spatial memory, was interpreted as consistent with inhibitory theories of forgetting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructive episodic retrieval processes play an adaptive role in supporting divergent thinking (i.e., creatively combining diverse bits of information) and means-end problem solving (i.e., generating steps to solve a social problem). However, the constructive nature of episodic memory that supports these adaptive functions also leads to memory error. In three experiments we aimed to identify a direct link between divergent thinking and means-end problem solving – as assessed in the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and Means-End Problem Solving (MEPS) task – with the generation of false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. In Experiment 1, we replicated prior findings where false memory was positively correlated with performance on the AUT, and also showed for the first time that increased performance in the MEPS task is associated with increased false recall. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that the link between false recall and performance on the MEPS task did not extend to other forms of problem solving, as assessed with the Everyday Descriptions Task (EDT). In Experiment 3, we showed that when the EDT was preceded by the MEPS task in an attempt to influence participants to engage in a similar episodic-problem solving strategy, performance in both tasks was correlated with false memory. These findings provide evidence for a direct link between the adaptive benefits of constructive episodic processes, in the form of enhanced divergent creative thinking and problem solving, and costs, in the form of increased memory error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panoramic views offer information on heading direction and on location to visually navigating animals. This review covers the properties of panoramic views and the information they provide to navigating animals, irrespective of image representation. Heading direction can be retrieved by alignment matching between memorized and currently experienced views, and a gradient descent in image differences can lead back to the location at which a view was memorized (positional image matching). Central place foraging insects, such as ants, bees and wasps, conduct distinctly choreographed learning walks and learning flights upon first leaving their nest that are likely to be designed to systematically collect scene memories tagged with information provided by path integration on the direction of and the distance to the nest. Equally, traveling along routes, ants have been shown to engage in scanning movements, in particular when routes are unfamiliar, again suggesting a systematic process of acquiring and comparing views. The review discusses what we know and do not know about how view memories are represented in the brain of insects, how they are acquired and how they are subsequently used for traveling along routes and for pinpointing places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) endure long phases of therapy and immobility, which diminish their physical activity (PA) level leading to physical deconditioning. One of the reasons is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. Therefore, our study investigates reported physical activity counseling behavior of health care professionals (HCPs) and the patient perspective on this topic. Physicians (N = 52), nurses (N = 52) physical therapists (N = 26), and patients receiving HSCT (N = 62) participated in a nationwide cross-sectional online-survey. Patients' preferred source of information concerning PA was determined. We examined HCPs self-assessed PA counseling behavior and patients' PA recall by assessing the use of the 5As (Ask, Advice, Agree, Assist, Arrange). Analysis of survey responses was descriptive. Univariate multinomial logistic regression examined whether sociodemographic factors and patient characteristics influence the response behavior. Physicians and PA specialists were patients' preferred source of information regarding PA. A large discrepancy between HCPs' perception and the degree to which HSCT patients recall advice became apparent; profound counseling steps like making referrals were less often recalled in our patient sample. Inactive patients reported to receive less basic PA counseling by physicians. Future research should identify the requirements to increase patients' recall concerning PA counseling in the setting of HSCT. Important messages about PA need to be made more salient to those who are less active and less engaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of taking Mind Lab Pro, a plant‐based nootropic on memory in a group of healthy adults. Auditory, visual, visual working memory, immediate and delayed recall (DR) were assessed. Methods: The study employed a pseudo randomised, double blinded, placebo‐controlled design. A total of 49 healthy individuals completed the study with 36 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. Participants ranged between 20 and 68 years with a mean age of 31.4 ± 14.4 years. Pre and post taking either the Mind Lab Pro supplement or placebo for 30 days. All participants completed the Wechsler Memory Scale Fourth UK Edition (WSM‐IV UK). Results: We found that the experimental group significantly improved in all memory subtests assessed (p < 0.05) whilst the control group only significantly improved in auditory memory and immediate recall (p = 0.004 and p = 0.014 respectively). A significant difference in immediate and DR was also found between the control and experimental group (p = 0.005 and 0.034 respectively). Conclusion: The use of Mind Lab Pro for 4 weeks improves memory with the experimental group significantly improving in all sub areas of memory as assessed by the WSM‐IV UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug recalls may impact treatment plans or access to suitable therapies. Thus, they inadvertently affect treatment outcomes. We aimed to examine the impact of recalls on patients' safety using pantoprazole-containing products recall as a case study in terms of the occurrence of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). This retrospective study used de-identified electronic health records of adult patients who had a prescription for oral proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) including pantoprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, or omeprazole from April 2020 through September 2021 from a large tertiary care hospital. The study outcome definition was the prevalence of pDDIs in PPIs users before and after the recall date (March 2021). Changes in the prevalence of pDDIs were modeled using interrupted time-series. The rate ratio of pDDIs in the 12 months before and 6 months after the recall was modeled using negative binomial regression. A total of 1,826 pDDIs were identified, and the median monthly prevalence of pDDI before the recall was 102.5 which increased to 115.5 after the recall. A change in the level of pDDIs occurred immediately after the recall date, followed by a gradual decrease over time. The rate of pDDIs was 69% higher after the recall compared to the baseline (rate ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–1.91). Recall of pantoprazole-containing products was associated with a higher rate of pDDIs. However, the prevalence of pDDIs gradually decreased over time. We highlight the importance of planning of recall process and coordinating all potential stakeholders to avoid potential harms. Word count: 1450. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a cross-cultural study investigating musical reminiscence bumps, the phenomenon whereby adults remain emotionally invested in the music they preferentially listened to in adolescence. Using a crowdsourcing service, 4,824 participants from 102 countries were each required to recall five songs (titles and artist names), resulting in a 24,120-song study. In addition, participants provided demographic information and answered questions relating to the songs they recalled, such as age first listened to, levels of nostalgia, and associated emotions. Song titles and artist names were cleaned and genre information established through fuzzy matching recalled information to songs within an open-source music encyclopedia. These data, plus participants' demographic information, allowed reminiscence bumps differentiated by age, sex, country, and genre preference to be explored. Recency-bias effects of recalled songs were also investigated. Results demonstrated that the musical reminiscence bump phenomenon is common to all age groups and both sexes, pervasive across all countries, and is not restricted to particular genres. In sum, musical reminiscence bumps appear to be biologically and culturally ubiquitous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of agricultural sustainability, specifically sustainable beef production, is not well established, and much misinformation frames this conversation. One way agricultural communicators can educate the public on this controversial topic is through infographics. Scholars have suggested recall, or the mental process of retrieving information from the past, as a technique to understand what someone has comprehended when exposed to new information. The Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) provides insight into human information processing and recall, and it guided this study's development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect various types of data visualizations used in infographics about agricultural topics have on college students' knowledge and ability to recall attributes from the data visualizations. An experimental study was conducted where participants viewed one of three infographics with embedded data visualizations and answered questions to understand their recall of information, design elements, and information recognition. The results show pictographs were significantly more effective in participant information recognition and the free and cued recall of design; however, it was not significant for free and cued recall of information. These findings add to the agricultural communication literature as they show how the type of data visualization can impact how viewers encode, store, and retrieve information. The researchers suggest agricultural communicators implement pictographs more frequently in infographic communications strategy. Additionally, agricultural communicators must begin to train students on the use of data visualization techniques in classroom settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patients are generally encouraged to attend their recall visits at regular intervals of six months, irrespective of the individual's risk of developing dental disease. The major important role of the dental recall has been seen as the prevention and early detection of dental caries and periodontal disease in particular. The recommendation of a six-month recall interval has become a mandatory practice in dental clinics. Thus, this paper reviews about the guidelines relating to the recall of the patients, various types of recall systems and how we can establish a recall visit. In addition, the paper focuses about the ideal recall visit as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML) is a logical investigation of various algorithms and factual models that PCs utilize to carry out particular operations that are not clearly programmed. This paper aims to statistically analyze different machine learning algorithms, and compare and contrast their performance for credit card fraud detection. Algorithms used are Artificial Neural Networks(ANN), Sample Vector Machine (SVM), and Kth Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Tree, Logistic Regression and Random Forest. All these above mentioned algorithms are compared on basis of performance measures. It is deduced that the random forest algorithm is the best algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to derive into practical recommendations from multisensory stimulation with virtual reality (VR) and scent to help educators develop effective teaching strategies geared toward aspects of the learning experience, recall, and creativity in a stereotypical learning context. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on a randomized experiment in which student participants were subdivided into three treatment groups and one control group. Each group was stimulated by a different combination of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli (2D SMELL, VR, and VR SMELL) and the outcomes were compared against those of the control group (2D). Consistent with the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, hypotheses were constructed to study the effect of different combinations of stimuli on the learning experience and learning outcomes related to recall and creativity in a stereotypical learning context. Findings: Traditional video content alone and bundled with a coherent olfactory stimulus prompted higher self-reported ratings of perceived quality of the sensory experience. Olfactory stimulus in combination with either VR or a traditional video prompted higher self-reported ratings on perceived immersion. In a stereotypical learning context, the highest recall scores were achieved with traditional video alone. Both VR alone and bundled with an olfactory stimulus resulted in enhanced creativity. Research limitations/implications: The findings of this study should be interpreted in the context of adopting multisensory stimulations combined with VR technology as part of stereotypical learning contexts. Most professional educators do not have robust knowledge or experience in using build-on-purpose multisensory stimuli but are increasingly engaged in using multisensory tools such as VR, as part of their teaching practice. In relation to recall, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that in a stereotypical learning context, a multisensory experience involving VR and olfactory stimuli can be related to an undesired cognitive load for learners. There exists a possibility that the low-technical version of the VR goggles used, as well as the contents of the instructional video may have influenced the learning outcomes in terms of recall. Hence, future research should consider such aspects and focus on richer learning contexts. Originality/value: This work offers practical recommendations for instructional design strategies aiming to create multisensory stimulations with VR and olfactory components to foster a richer learning experience and enhanced learning outcomes, under the assumptions of a stereotypical learning context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates goods accounting for 20% of US consumers' total expenditure. The agency's potential susceptibility to corporate lobbying and political influence may adversely affect the its abilities to fulfill its duties as a vital federal agency. This study assesses whether the FDA's product recall classifications in recall scenarios are influenced by firms' lobbying activities. Methods: The universe of all FDA recalls between 2012 and 2019 is obtained from the FDA's website. Firm names are matched to federal-level lobbying data obtained from the Center for Responsive Politics – a non-profit and nonpartisan organization that tracks lobbying expenditures and campaign contributions. Analyses are conducted using ordinary-least-squares regressions, in which the dependent variable is recall classification and independent variables are three different measures of firms' lobbying activities in the one year prior to the recall. Results: Firms that engage in lobbying appear more likely to receive favourable classifications from the FDA. When examining the above results by product type, we find that classification of food recalls seems to be subject to lobbying influence, but the same does not appear to be true for drug and device recalls. Evidence is consistent with the conjecture that the distinction between medical and food firms may be a result of medical firms targeting lobbying efforts at FDA approvals, rather than recalls. Conclusions: Between 2012 and 2019, the FDA's product recall classifications seem to be significantly influenced by firms' lobbying activities. Lobbying firms appear to have received more favorable (i.e., less severe) recall classifications compared to non-lobbying firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]