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This study investigates the effects of ethanol on neuronal and astroglial metabolism using (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with infusion of [1,6-(13)C2]/[1-(13)C]glucose or [2-(13)C]acetate, respectively. A three-compartment metabolic model was fitted to the (13)C turnover of GluC3 , GluC4, GABAC 2, GABAC 3, AspC3 , and GlnC4 from [1,6-(13)C2 ]glucose to determine the rates of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and neurotransmitter cycle associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. The ratio of neurotransmitter cycle to TCA cycle fluxes for glutamatergic and GABAegic neurons was obtained from the steady-state [2-(13)C]acetate experiment and used as constraints during the metabolic model fitting. (1)H MRS measurement suggests that depletion of ethanol from cerebral cortex follows zero order kinetics with rate 0.18 ± 0.04 μmol/g/min. Acute exposure of ethanol reduces the level of glutamate and aspartate in cortical region. GlnC4 labeling was found to be unchanged from a 15 min infusion of [2-(13)C]acetate suggesting that acute ethanol exposure does not affect astroglial metabolism in naive mice. Rates of TCA and neurotransmitter cycle associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons were found to be significantly reduced in cortical and subcortical regions. Acute exposure of ethanol perturbs the level of neurometabolites and decreases the excitatory and inhibitory activity differentially across the regions of brain. Depletion of ethanol and its effect on brain functions were measured using (1)H and (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with infusion of (13)C-labeled substrates. Ethanol depletion from brain follows zero order kinetics. Ethanol perturbs level of glutamate, and the excitatory and inhibitory activity in mice brain.

The absolute femtosecond pump-probe signal strength of deprotonated fluorescein in basic methanol is measured. Calculations of the absolute pump-probe signal based on the steady-state absorption and emission spectrum that use only independently measured experimental parameters are carried out. The calculation of the pump-probe signal strength assumes the pump and probe fields are both weak and includes the following factors: the transverse spatial profile of the laser beams; the pulse spectra; attenuation of the propagating pulses with depth in the sample; the anisotropic transition probability for polarized light; and time-dependent electronic population relaxation. After vibrational and solvent relaxation are complete, the calculation matches the measurement to within 10% error without any adjustable parameters. This demonstrates quantitative measurement of absolute excited state population.

Absolute molecular number concentration and extinction coefficient are simultaneously determined from linear and nonlinear spectroscopic measurements. This method is based on measurements of absolute femtosecond pump-probe signals. Accounting for pulse propagation, we present a closed form expression for molecular number concentration in terms of absorbance, fluorescence, absolute pump-probe signal, and laser pulse parameters (pulse energy, spectrum, and spatial intensity profile); all quantities are measured optically. As in gravimetric and coulometric determinations of concentration, no standard samples are needed for calibration. The extinction coefficient can then be determined from the absorbance spectrum and the concentration. For fluorescein in basic methanol, the optically determined molar concentrations and extinction coefficients match gravimetric determinations to within 10% for concentrations from 0.032 to 0.540 mM, corresponding to absorbance from 0.06 to 1. In principle, this photonumeric method is extensible to transient chemical species for which other methods are not available.

The present study investigates the nature of job involvement and its impact on executive's satisfaction level in providing motivation finally leading to organizational commitment. A model has been developed which examines the relationship between the measurable constructs. The model explores the relationship between the executive's job involvement level and their outcome with satisfaction level, motivation and organizational Commitment (named ISMC Model). The results indicate there is a goodness-of-fit for the research model, which has been verified with different measures of goodness-of-fit. The path coefficients explained a significant amount of variation along with the identification that job involvement is a significant attribute in the present model. The study examines executive's perceptions and the significance of job involvement. Management specialists will recognize the dynamics of job involvement and its linkage with job satisfaction, motivation and organizational commitment in an organization.

Introduction: The prevalence of Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) is very high in the Indian subcontinent. Radiotherapy is an essential modality in the management of HNC. Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare toxicities of two radiotherapy fractionation regimen (conventional fractionation and concomitant boost technique) for the management of HNC. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients (n=30 in each arm) were assigned to receive either conventional fractionation or concomitant boost radiotherapy. Toxicities were analysed weekly during the treatment, and one and three month after treatment completion. The radiation therapy oncology group acute radiation morbidity scoring system was used to document the severity. Toxicities assessed were mucositis, skin reactions, dysphagia and xerostomia. Statistical analysis was done by the online Graphpad software using Chi-square test. A value of p

Multi-functional carbon nanospheres with magnetic Prussian blue nanoparticles and luminescent lanthanide ions have been prepared. The negatively charged surface of the glucose derived carbon sphere facilitates the nucleation of Prussian blue nanoparticles on its surface. The luminescent lanthanide probes were attached to the surface of the carbon sphere through a benzene tricarboxylic acid linker. These multifunctional hybrid organic-inorganic composites are superparamagnetic and show enhanced luminescent properties. Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (enter the brain cell nucleus with no animal toxicity) in a mouse model indicate that these nanocomposites are promising theranostic agents for the treatment of brain diseases.

Stress, the word whenever strikes the mind is usually interpreted in negative terms though in practice stress as a variable can be a good motivator if present only to a certain level (eustress), but when it crosses that minimum required limit and turns into distress, it may cause an employee loose interest in the job and hence reduce the job satisfaction level and hence may result into a lesser commitment to organization. It may even become such a big de-motivator that can even reduce the energy and zeal of an employee to even work any further. Thus this study is an attempt in finding out the relationship that organizational commitment shares with job satisfaction and the impact that occupational stress has on the relationship.

WDR13 expresses from the X chromosome and has a highly conserved coding sequence. There have been multiple associations of WDR13 with memory. However, its detailed function in context of brain and behavior remains unknown. We characterized the behavioral phenotype of 2 month old male mice lacking the homolog of WDR13 gene (Wdr13 (-/0)). Taking cue from analysis of its expression in the brain, we chose hippocampus for molecular studies to delineate its function. Wdr13 (-/0) mice spent less time in the central area of the open field test (OFT) and with the novel object in novel object recognition test (NOR) as compared to the wild-type. However, these mice didn't show any significant changes in total time spent in arms or in frequency of arm entries in elevated plus maze (EPM). In the absence of Wdr13, there was a significant upregulation of synaptic proteins, viz., SYN1, RAB3A, CAMK2A etc. accompanied with increased spine density of hippocampal CA1 neurons and better spatial memory in mice as measured by increased time spent in the target quadrant of Morris water maze (MWM) during probe test. Parallel study from our lab has established c-JUN, ER α/β, and HDAC 1,3,7 as interacting partners of WDR13. WDR13 represses transcription from AP1 (c-JUN responsive) and Estrogen Receptor Element (ERE) promoters. We hypothesized that absence of Wdr13 would result in de-regulated expression of a number of genes including multiple synaptic genes leading to the observed phenotype. Knocking down Wdr13 in Neuro2a cell lines led to increased transcripts of Camk2a and Nrxn2 consistent with in-vivo results. Summarily, our data provides functional evidence for the role of Wdr13 in brain.

PRES, a reversible white matter lesion characterized by cerebral edema, found in 7–20% of the patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia, needs early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. We report PRES in a young preeclamptic primigravida and the role of dexmedetomidine in controlling her uncontrollable blood pressure in ICU. Dexmedetomidine, has cerebroprotective cardioprotective and renoprotective properties all of which, helped the patient improving clinically.

Background Unstable distal end radius fractures are difficult to manage and so various treatment modalities have been described. The use of variable-angle locking plates is promoted for the management of these fractures. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes in unstable distal end radius fractures treated with variable-angle locking plates. Patients and Methods We reviewed 23 unstable distal end radius fractures that were treated at our institution with volar variable-angle locking plates. The mean age of the patients was 32.82 ± 11.81 years (range 19 to 62) and the mean duration of follow-up was 11.04 ± 2.47 months (range 6 to 15). All of the patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a variable-angle locking plate. Radiological parameters such as radial inclination, length, tilt, and ulnar variance were measured at six weeks and at the final follow-up. The functional evaluation was conducted by measuring the range of motion at the wrist joint as well as the grip strength. Gartland and Werley’s demerit scoring system was used to assess the final outcome. Results There were two cases of superficial infection that responded to oral antibiotics. One patient had developed a hypertrophic scar, while another had carpal tunnel syndrome that was conservatively managed. There was a significant improvement in the functional indices from six weeks to the final follow-up, while the radiological parameters were maintained. According to Gartland and Werley, excellent results were reported in 65.2% cases, while good results were present in 35% cases. Conclusions The use of variable-angle locking plates in treating unstable distal end radius fractures is associated with excellent to good functional outcomes with minimal complications.

Digital information security is the field of information technology which deal with all about identification and protection of information. Whereas, identification of the threat of any Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in the most challenging phase. Threat detection become most promising because rest of the IDS system phase depends on the solely on "what is identified". In this view, a multilayered framework has been discussed which handles the underlying features for the identification of various attack (DoS, R2L, U2R, Probe). The experiments validates the use SVM with genetic approach is efficient.

Pigmented villo-nodular synovitis (PVNS) is a common disease entity particularly in the knee joint but its incidence in the foot is quite rare. A case of PVNS of the second toe that presented at the outpatient department with an insidious onset and slowly progressive painful swelling of the toe associated with stiffness is presented. The mass was subsequently excised and the diagnosis confirmed by histo-pathology samples. The patient's symptoms improved significantly after the operation. This case is one of the very few reported cases of PVNS involvement of flexor tendon sheath of the foot. It also signifies the importance of clinical suspicions based on the symptoms and examination in reaching to the presumptive diagnosis of the foot pathology and its confirmation by histo-pathological evaluation.

To test the efficacy of triple-refocusing MR spectroscopy (MRS) for improved detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in brain tumors at 3T in vivo.The triple-refocusing sequence parameters were tailored at 3T, with density-matrix simulations and phantom validation, for enhancing the 2HG 2.25-ppm signal selectivity with respect to the adjacent resonances of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In vivo MRS data were acquired from 15 glioma patients and analyzed with LCModel using calculated basis spectra. Metabolites were quantified with reference to water.A triple-refocusing sequence (echo time = 137 ms) was obtained for 2HG detection. The 2HG 2.25-ppm signal was large and narrow while the Glu and Gln signals between 2.2 and 2.3 ppm were minimal. The optimized triple refocusing offered improved separation of 2HG from Glu, Gln and GABA when compared with published MRS methods. 2HG was detected in all 15 patients, the estimated 2HG concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 15.0 mM, with Cramer-Rao lower bounds of 2%-11%. The 2HG estimates did not show significant correlation with total choline.The optimized triple refocusing provides excellent 2HG signal discrimination from adjacent resonances and may confer reliable in vivo measurement of 2HG at relatively low concentrations. Magn Reson Med 78:40-48, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is a major challenge. The present study evaluates glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter energetics at the age of 6 months in AβPPswe-PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by using (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy together with infusion of [1,6-(13)C(2)]glucose. NMR analysis suggested no significant derangement in neurochemical profile in AβPPswe-PS1dE9 mice. However, decrease in labeling of glutamate-C4, GABA-C2 and glutamine-C4 at early infusion-time together with no change in labeling at steady state from [1,6-(13)C(2)]glucose indicates an impaired glutamatergic and GABAergic glucose oxidation and neurotransmitter cycle in AβPPswe-PS1dE9 mice. These findings may have implication in preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Fast and efficient energy transfer in photosynthetic antennas supports all life on earth. Nonadiabatic energy transfer drives unusual vibrations through tight coupling with electronic motion. Polarization dependent vibrational motion drives polarization independent femtosecond energy transfer.

Metastatic disease of bone is a common complication of most of the advanced malignancies. The majority of patients with bone metastases (BM) experience pain during their disease course and pain control can significantly improve their quality of life. Radiotherapy (RT) is an important modality in the management of BM and different schedules are followed worldwide.The aim of this study was to compare two multi-fractionated RT regimens (30Gy in 10 fractions and 20Gy in 5 fractions) with respect to the patient's performance, response and pain score in palliative management of painful BM.This prospective observational study was undertaken between October 2015 and September 2017 at a government medical college in central India. Two fractionation regimens (30 Gy/10 fractions and 20 Gy/5 fractions) were used to treat 50 patients with painful BM (n = 25 in each arm). Patients were treated on telecobalt machine and response assessment done in terms of complete/partial/intermediate response and pain progression. Assessment was performed at one, two and three months post treatment. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact test, student t-test and Chi-square test. A value of P0.05 was considered significant.There were 9 males (36%) and 16 females (64%) in arm A, and 15 males (60%) and 10 females (40%) in arm B. The median age was 47.50 years (range 28-81 years) in arm A and 54 years (range 34-85 years) in arm B. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain palliation at a 1 month (p = 0.73), 2 month (p = 0.75) or 3 month (p = 0.71) follow up. In addition, the mean performance scores at the end of 3A shorter treatment schedule (5 fractions) was equally efficacious as the standard schedule (10 fractions) in our setting. With the advantage of shorter overall treatment time and avoidance of re-irradiation, this schedule may be favourable for high volume centres.

Pigment assemblies with high-efficiency electronic energy transfer have recently been observed to show unusual and persistent coherence, but its origin is not fully understood. Now, a combination of 2D electronic spectroscopy and theoretical modelling has allowed the excitonic coherence signal of a strongly coupled homodimer to be isolated.

Fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (F-2DES) projects the third-order non-linear polarization in a system as an excited electronic state population which is incoherently detected as fluorescence. Multiple variants of F-2DES have been developed. Here, we report phase-modulated F-2DES measurements on a strongly coupled symmetric bacteriochlorin dyad, a relevant 'toy' model for photosynthetic energy and charge transfer. Coherence map analysis shows that the strongest frequency observed in the dyad is well-separated from the excited state electronic energy gap, and is consistent with a vibrational frequency readily observed in bacteriochlorin monomers. Kinetic rate maps show a picosecond relaxation timescale between the excited states of the dyad. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of coherence and kinetic analysis using the phase-modulation approach to F-2DES.

Spectrally resolved femtosecond three-pulse photon echo signal from some metal–octaethyl porphyrins (OEPs) like Zn(II)–OEP, Ni(II)–OEP, Co(II)–OEP is reported. Excited state dynamics is studied by time evolving photon echo spectra for different values of coherence and population relaxation times. Dependence on the spectrally resolved photon echo spectra on varying metal center is analyzed. For all these metallo-porphyrins, the electronic relaxation timescale is found to be limited by our laser pulsewidth of 50 fs whereas the timescale for intramolecular vibrational relaxation, occurring within the Q00 band was found to be over a picosecond for Co(II)–OEP and Ni(II)–OEP and within a picosecond for Zn(II)–OEP., Graphical abstract Spectrally resolved femtosecond three-pulse photon echo signal from some metal–octaethyl porphyrins (M–OEPs) like Zn(II)–OEP, Ni(II)–OEP, Co(II)–OEP is reported.

In this paper, an uncompressed domain video watermarking scheme resilient to temporal adaptation is proposed for scalable video coding. In the proposed scheme, each temporal layer has been separately embedded with a different watermark which is generated by DCT domain decomposition of a single watermark image. A zigzag sequence of block wise DCT coefficients of the watermark image is partitioned into non-overlapping sets and each set is embedded separately into different temporal layers. The base layer is embedded with the first set of DCT coefficient (which includes DC coefficient of each block) and successive layers are embedded with successive non-overlapping coefficient sets. The coefficients of each set is chosen in such a fashion that uniform energy distribution across all temporal layers can be maintained. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against temporal scalability and robustness of the watermark increases with the addition of successive enhancement layers.

Introduction: To analyze the pattern of brain metastasis (BM), and to use intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for target dose escalation in cases with ≤3 metastatic lesions (oligometastases). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two consecutive cases of BM treated during September 2009 to August 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The study comprised 13 males (40.62%) and 19 females (59.37%). Thirteen (40%) patients presented with disseminated intracranial metastases, while 19 (60%) had ≤3 foci. In 25 cases (78%), the primary was located either in the breast (14 cases) or lung (11 cases). The 13 patients with disseminated intracranial metastases received whole brain radiation therapy to a dose of 30 Gy/10-12 daily fractions (Group A) while the 19 cases with ≤3 lesions received an additional dose of 6-10 Gy to gross lesions using a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) with IMRT thus receiving a total dose of 36-40 Gy/12-15 fractions (Group B). Overall survival (OS) for the breast primary was 6.3 and lung primary was 5.3 months, respectively. The mean OS for breast cases in Group B was higher (9.5 months) as compared to Group A cases (1.9 months) and was statistically significant (P = 0.0056). Similarly, primary lung cancer cases in Group B showed a mean OS of 8.75 months versus 2.6 months for Group A cases (P = 0.213). Conclusions: IMRT is a safe and effective technique in cases with oligometastases for dose escalation in the form of SIB.

Glomus tumours are benign, vascular neoplasms arising from glomus body and are often found near the fingertips. Complete surgical excision of the tumour must be ensured to avoid its recurrence. Several surgical approaches for its excision have been described in the literature; however, most of the approaches are associated with nail deformity in the post-operative period or fail to offer a complete exposure of the tumour. We wish to share our experience with our described nail-preserving modified lateral subperiosteal approach, where on account of the distal curve over the pulp tip, we achieve a large flap yielding an excellent exposure of the tumour mass. We retrospectively evaluated 30 patients with subungual glomus tumour who were operated using this approach at a mean follow-up of 35.33 months. All patients were assessed for relief in the pre-operative symptoms, nail deformity, recurrence or any other complications. All wounds healed well without any possible wound complications such as wound dehiscence, suture margin necrosis or infection. At the end of the follow-up, all patients were relieved of the pre-operative symptoms. There was no evidence of deformity of nail or fingertip. No patient had recurrence. All the operated fingers were functionally normal. Nail-preserving modified lateral subperiosteal approach does not damage the nail bed or interosseous supports to the distal phalanx. It is a very simple, less time-consuming approach for the resection of subungual tumours, and we would like to recommend it to our fellow orthopaedic surgeons.

This article takes a high level of the power-grid noise problem as it relates to the microarchitectural definition of an IC. Through a set of simulations, the authors relate the noise problem to the details of the circuit and clocking implementation giving insight into the possible method to reduce such noise.

Accurate segmentation with denoising is the subject of research in the field of medical imaging and computer vision. This paper presents an enhanced energy based active contour model with a level set detailing. Local energy fitting term impacts neighbourhood drive to pull the shape and restrict it to protest limits. Thus, the global intensity fitting term drives the movement of contour at distant from the object boundaries. The global energy term depends on worldwide division calculation, which can better catch energy data of picture than Chan-Vese (CV) model. Both neighbourhood and worldwide terms are commonly absorbed to build a vitality work in light of a level set plan to portion images with force inhomogeneity, experiments demonstrate that the proposed model has the upside of commotion resistance and is better than conventional image segmentation. Results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better both subjectively and quantitatively contrasted with other best in class methods.

Aims and Objectives: To study the effect of induction chemotherapy (CT) in locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) and to compare the two commonly used regimens of CT, including paclitaxel and cisplatin (CDDP) in one arm and CDDP, methotrexate (MTX), and bleomycin in the other arm as induction CT. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study, including 100 histopathologically proven cases of LAHNSCC who received treatment at a government medical college and hospital in Central India between November 2015 and June 2016. All the patients were randomly divided into two arms: arm A received paclitaxel + cisplatin (TP) and arm B received cisplatin + MTX + bleomycin as induction CT had adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal functions, and their response to treatment was evaluated clinically after each cycle up to three cycles before external beam radiotherapy. Results: The present study showed beneficial effects of induction CT in HNSCC as 82% of the patients showed response or T-downstaging. Among the patients responding to induction CT, 34% showed complete and 48% showed partial response at the primary tumor site according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The difference in response between the two arms was statistically significant (P = 0.037). Conclusion: The current study shows the beneficial effects of induction CT in LAHNSCC. No statistically significant difference was seen in the response of both regimens of induction CT in terms of overall survival, but significant disease-free survival and progression-free survival were obtained in the TP arm.

Sebaceous gland carcinoma commonly arises in the periocular area and is an uncommon condition. Its orbital origin is even rare with isolated reports in literature search. Its early diagnosis is frequently missed owing to the subtle presentation that mimics various benign conditions. Surgery with wide resection margin is considered the standard of care. Irradiation is frequently indicated and administered as an adjuvant regimen following surgical resection. The role of chemotherapy in this disease remains investigational and is usually employed in recurrent settings.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal, middle ear, and temporal bone is a rare and unusual malignancy. The rare occurrence of the disease makes the formulation of uniform treatment guidelines and appropriate management challenging. The role of chemotherapy in this disease is not clearly defined in literature. We describe a clinical case of a patient with this rare malignancy and an excellent response achieved with nanoparticle - albumin-bound paclitaxel and present a comprehensive review of literature.

Background: The incidence of cancer is increasing throughout the world. One of the prime aims of its management is early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Factors causing delay to either of these goals should be identified and rectified. Aim: To identify the factors causing delayed initial diagnosis and subsequent management in patients presenting to the Oncology department. Materials and Methods: Three hundred proven cancer patients were prospectively evaluated for the pattern of presentation to the outpatient Department of Radiation Oncology of a Government Medical College (MC) in Central India. Results: The mean age of presentation was 51.05 years (range 7 months-77 years). The number of male patients was 168 while females were 132. The duration of symptoms ranged from 20 days to 3 years. The number of patients with little/no education presented mainly in advanced stages as compared to their educated counterpart and this difference was statistically significant (p

Background: Head and neck (H and N) cancers are the leading cancer in elderly Indian population especially in Central India. Poor socioeconomic (SE) factors, lack of knowledge, and that of proper facilities is responsible for delayed presentation in advanced stages of the disease. Management of such patients is challenging for an oncologist. Aim: The present study evaluated the pattern of tolerance and response to treatment in elderly (>65 years) H and N cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Medical records of elderly H and N cancer patients presenting from January to December 2014 to the Department of Radiotherapy, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal were reviewed, and data were collected from the departmental case files. Results: A total 112 patients were selected for this study. The mean age of presentation was 70 years. There was a marked male preponderance, with male to female ratio of 5.22:1. 102 patients presented in advanced stages (stage III and IV). The mean duration of symptoms was 6.5 months. Records of 99 patients were available and further analyzed. 59 patients were advised three courses of induction chemotherapy (CT) out of which 44 patients completed the treatment. 28 of these patients showed a positive response to the treatment while 16 showed no response (NR)/progression. Similarly, 24 patients were advised concurrent chemoradiotherapy out of which 17 patients completed the treatment. 13 of these patients showed a positive response while 04 showed NR/progression. On subgroup analysis, the difference between tolerance, response and overall treatment time between the two arms was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Treating elderly H and N cancer patients is a major therapeutic challenge for a clinician because of its poor prognosis, aggressive clinical behavior, associated co-morbidities, and SE factors. However, it is possible to achieve a quality outcome in select patients with basic CT and radiation.

Background: Though early stage malignancy of head and neck can be cured by surgery or radiotherapy, cure of patients with locally advanced disease continues to pose a therapeutic challenge. Loco regional failure is the major cause of death in head and neck cancer. As the cure of locally advance head and neck cancer is less than expectation, a combined modality approach is generally used in these type of patients. The combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve outcome in locally advance head and neck cancer.Methods: This observational study reviewed cancer patients reported in our hospital with the following inclusion criteria: primary head and neck cancer, treatment with radical surgery, and multiple nodal metastases. The prescribed dose of postoperative radiotherapy was 60–66 Gy. Patient characteristics, treatment parameters and clinical outcome were recorded. Results: The primary end point was overall survival, and the secondary endpoint was disease status.Conclusions: Concurrent postoperative administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is a way to intensify treatment for resectable high-risk head and neck tumors.

The nonadiabatic states and dynamics are investigated for a linear vibronic coupling Hamiltonian with a static electronic splitting and weak off-diagonal Jahn-Teller coupling through a single vibration with a vibrational-electronic resonance. With a transformation of the electronic basis, this Hamiltonian is also applicable to the anti-correlated vibration in a symmetric homodimer with marginally strong constant off-diagonal coupling, where the non-adiabatic states and dynamics model electronic excitation energy transfer or self-exchange electron transfer. For parameters modeling a free-base naphthalocyanine, the nonadiabatic couplings are deeply quantum mechanical and depend on wavepacket width; scalar couplings are as important as the derivative couplings that are usually interpreted to depend on vibrational velocity in semiclassical curve crossing or surface hopping theories. A colored visualization scheme that fully characterizes the non-adiabatic states using the exact factorization is developed. The nonadiabatic states in this nested funnel have nodeless vibrational factors with strongly avoided zeroes in their vibrational probability densities. Vibronic dynamics are visualized through the vibrational coordinate dependent density of the time-dependent dipole moment in free induction decay. Vibrational motion is amplified by the nonadiabatic couplings, with asymmetric and anisotropic motions that depend upon the excitation polarization in the molecular frame and can be reversed by a change in polarization. This generates a vibrational quantum beat anisotropy in excess of 2/5. The amplitude of vibrational motion can be larger than that on the uncoupled potentials, and the electronic population transfer is maximized within one vibrational period. Most of these dynamics are missed by the adiabatic approximation, and some electronic and vibrational motions are completely suppressed by the Condon approximation of a coordinate-independent transition dipole between adiabatic states. For all initial conditions investigated, the initial nonadiabatic electronic motion is driven towards the lower adiabatic state, and criteria for this directed motion are discussed.

Glycine (Gly) has been implicated in several neurological disorders, including malignant brain tumors. The precise measurement of Gly is challenging largely as a result of the spectral overlap with myo-inositol (mI). We report a new triple-refocusing sequence for the reliable co-detection of Gly and mI at 3 T and for the evaluation of Gly in healthy and tumorous brain. The sequence parameters were optimized with density-matrix simulations and phantom validation. With a total TE of 134 ms, the sequence gave complete suppression of the mI signal between 3.5 and 3.6 ppm and, consequently, well-defined Gly (3.55 ppm) and mI (3.64 ppm) peaks. In vivo 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data were acquired from the gray matter (GM)-dominant medial occipital and white matter (WM)-dominant left parietal regions in six healthy subjects, and analyzed with LCModel using in-house-calculated basis spectra. Tissue segmentation was performed to obtain the GM and WM contents within the MRS voxels. Metabolites were quantified with reference to GM-rich medial occipital total creatine at 8 mM. The Gly and mI concentrations were estimated to be 0.63 ± 0.05 and 8.6 ± 0.6 mM for the medial occipital and 0.34 ± 0.05 and 5.3 ± 0.8 mM for the left parietal regions, respectively. From linear regression of the metabolite estimates versus fractional GM content, the concentration ratios between pure GM and pure WM were estimated to be 2.6 and 2.1 for Gly and mI, respectively. Clinical application of the optimized sequence was performed in four subjects with brain tumor. The Gly levels in tumors were higher than those of healthy brain. Gly elevation was more extensive in a post-contrast enhancing region than in a non-enhancing region. The data indicate that the optimized triple-refocusing sequence may provide reliable co-detection of Gly and mI, and alterations of Gly in brain tumors can be precisely evaluated.

Palmaris longus has an invaluable role in reconstructive surgeries of hand and is the most common source of tendon grafts in tendon transfer surgeries. Various clinical tests are available to check for the presence of the tendon but are often difficult to use due to their complex nature. We suggest a rather simple test, which we have found very useful in our practice. In this cross-sectional study, we compared our proposed test with the most commonly used Standard test (Schaeffer’s test) to know about its sensitivity in a cohort of randomly selected 200 patients. We found our test to be more sensitive than the Standard test. The average time duration from instructions to elicitation of the test was also found less. No individual asked to repeat the instructions for the proposed test. Our proposed test to evaluate the presence of palmaris longus tendon is very simple and easy-to-understand manoeuvre with good sensitivity. It would be extremely useful in the preoperative planning in most of the reconstructive surgeries, should the palmaris longus tendon be harvested.

The present study investigates the impact that Job Satisfaction (JS) has on the Organizational Commitment (OC) level of industrial workers and also finds out whether Job Involvement (JI) moderates the relationship between JS and OC. The study has been conducted on 600 employees belonging to different departments of Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW), which is one of the public sector giants of India. Relationship between JS and OC has been established with the help of a 2 × 2 factorial design, and moderation effect of JI on the relationship between JS and OC has been checked with the help of hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of the investigation have come out with the findings that OC is positively related to JS. Also, JI does moderate the relationship between JS and OC but in a negative way, and the impact has been found to be weak.

Metastatic spread from non-head and neck tumours (H&N) to the paranasal and orbital region is extremely rare. We present a case of breast cancer metastasis to the left sphenoid wing, lateral wall left orbit, lateral wall left sphenoid sinus, medial and lateral wall left maxillary sinus and left pterygoid plates. We provide an exhaustive clinicoradiological imaging with a brief literature review.

Although pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the major pathway of glucose metabolism and source for energy production, pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) account for a significant fraction of glucose oxidation in the mature central nervous system. Flux through the PDH pathway has been reported to be reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients as well as in animal models of AD. However, fluxes through the PPP and PC pathways have not been explored under conditions of AD. The present study investigates the fluxes of PC and PPP in a 20-month-old AβPP-PS1 mouse model of AD using 13C NMR spectroscopy together with an infusion of [2-13C]glucose. Mice were also administered [1,6-13C2]glucose or [1-13C]glucose for 10 or 90 min, respectively, to investigate PDH flux. AβPP-PS1 mice exhibit a significant reduction in the level of NAA and increase in level of myo-inositol. The flux through PDH was found to be significantly lower in the cerebral cortex (AβPP-PS1 0.39 ± 0.08; control 0.77 ± 0.08 μmol/g/min), hippocampus (AβPP-PS1 0.31 ± 0.04; control 0.64 ± 0.12 μmol/g/min), and striatum (AβPP-PS1 0.34 ± 0.06; control 0.56 ± 0.03 μmol/g/min) of AβPP-PS1 as compared with control mice. The fluxes through PC (AβPP-PS1 0.037 ± 0.006, control 0.079 ± 0.013 μmol/g/min) and PPP (AβPP-PS1 0.024 ± 0.005; control 0.062 ± 0.022 μmol/g/min) were found to be significantly reduced in AβPP-PS1 mice when compared with age-matched controls. The reduction in the fluxes of PC and PPP may lead to a weakened neural defense system of ammonia detoxification and antioxidant reserve in AβPP-PS1 mice, which may be responsible for the compromised neuronal viability and functions in AD.

Multimedia algorithms deal with enormous amounts of data transfers and storage, resulting in huge bandwidth requirements at the off-chip memory and system bus level. As a result the related energy consumption becomes critical. Even for execution time the bottleneck can shift from the CPU to the external bus load. This paper demonstrates a systematic software approach to reduce this system bus load. It consists of source-to-source code transformations, that have to be applied before the conventional ILP compilation. To illustrate this we use a cavity detection algorithm for medical imaging, that is mapped on an Intel Pentium® II processor.

UNLABELLED HBNG is a graph theory based tool for visualization of hydrogen bond network in 2D. Digraphs generated by HBNG facilitate visualization of cooperativity and anticooperativity chains and rings in protein structures. HBNG takes hydrogen bonds list files (output from HBAT, HBEXPLORE, HBPLUS and STRIDE) as input and generates a DOT language script and constructs digraphs using freeware AT and T Graphviz tool. HBNG is useful in the enumeration of favorable topologies of hydrogen bond networks in protein structures and determining the effect of cooperativity and anticooperativity on protein stability and folding. HBNG can be applied to protein structure comparison and in the identification of secondary structural regions in protein structures. AVAILABILITY Program is available from the authors for non-commercial purposes.

A total of 51 cases of young females aged between 18-35 years were prospectively studied for the presentation in a Rural Charitable Cancer hospital in north India during the period August 2011 to April 2012. Breast related symptoms comprised 27 (52.94%) cases, out of which 10 (19.60%) were proven malignant. Other cases seen were Gynecological (Gyn) 8 (15.68%), Head and Neck (H and N) 5 (9.80%), Gastrointestinal (GI) 4 (7.84%), Lymphomas 3 (5.88%) and 2 (3.92%) cases each of Bone Tumors and Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. Breast related symptoms constituted the major presentation in young females (aged 18-35 years) in our Rural Cancer Hospital. This high percentage of Breast related symptoms points towards the increasing trend of Breast malignancies possibly overtaking cancer cervix in rural India, as already in the urban settlements of India as well as the increasing awareness in the females of rural India regarding early symptoms of carcinoma Breast.

Power is becoming a critical constraint for designing embedded applications. Current power analysis techniques based on circuit-level or architectural-level simulation are either impractical or inaccurate to estimate the power cost for a given piece of application software. In this paper, an instruction-level power analysis model is developed for an embedded digital signal processor (DSP) based on physical current measurements. Significant points of difference have been observed between the software power model for this custom DSP processor and the power models that have been developed earlier for some general purpose commercial microprocessors. In particular, the effect of circuit state on the power cost of an instruction stream is more marked in the case of this DSP processor. In addition, the processor has special architectural features that allow dual memory accesses and packing of instructions into pairs. The energy reduction possible through the use of these features is studied. The on-chip Booth multiplier on the processor is a major source of energy consumption for DSP programs. A microarchitectural power model for the multiplier is developed and analyzed for further power minimization. In order to exploit all of the above effects, a scheduling technique based on the new instruction-level power model is proposed. Several example programs are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach. Energy reductions varying from 26% to 73% have been observed. These energy savings are real and have been verified through physical measurement. It should be noted that the energy reduction essentially comes for free. It is obtained through software modification, and thus, entails no hardware overhead. In addition, there is no loss of performance since the running times of the modified programs either improve or remain unchanged.