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Development times, body size and oviposition rates of Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) were assessed at day/night temperature regimens of 17.3/12.5°C and 24.2/17.2°C. Development times of egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages were 8.4, 20.0, 7.1 and 12.1 days, respectively, at the higher regimen and 7.0, 14.2, 4.0 and 8.2 days, respectively, at the lower regimen. Significantly larger adults were produced at the lower temperature regimen. Field adults were significantly larger than adults reared in the laboratory at both temperatures but were closer in size to those reared at the lower temperature. The total number of eggs laid by females during their lifetime (13–69 days) in the laboratory ranged from 139 to 915 eggs (mean=477), averaging 12 eggs per female per day. Chrysophtharta agricola had a similar life-history and development rates to the congeneric pest Chrysophtharta bimaculata Olivier and could become a serious pest of Eucalyptus nitens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chrysophtharta bimaculata is a serious pest of eucalypt forests in Tasmania. The beetle overwinters as a diapausing adult, but it is poorly documented whether it forms overwintering aggregations or where it shelters. During winter 1992, we searched 386 possible overwintering sites for C. bimaculata in Eucalyptus obliqua forests. Fourteen types of habitat were identified, of which clumps of Gahnia grandis sheltered the greatest mean number of insects (3.31 ± 0.72 insects/plant, n = 65 plants), while bracken fern litter sheltered the least (0.14 ± 0.14 insects/sample, n = 7, 1 m2 quadrat samples). Of the 14 habitat types, all except two (under the bark of eucalypt stags and in G. grandis clumps) were more often unoccupied. Beetles were more commonly found on mature forest edges or in logged and regenerating forests; few were found within mature forests. Our results show that C. bimaculata rarely forms overwintering aggregations of greater than 20 individuals per site, nor does it appear to have a significant pre-diapause dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an extensive survey of 15 nurseries and 30 plantations of Eucalyptus grandis, E. tereticornis, E. globules and research plots of E. alba, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora and E. torelliana in Kerala, six species of Cylindrocladium were found to fie responsible for causing a wide variety of diseases. In nurseries, damping-off, seedling blight, root-rot, leaf and shoot blight and stem canker and in younger and coppiced plantations, root-rot, leaf and shoot blights, dieback, and tip blight were prevalent. C. quinqucseptatum was the dominant species recorded throughout Kerala while C. ilicicola, C. floridanum, C. parvum, C. curvatum, C. scoparium had spatial distribution. Interestingly C. ilicicola was localised only in high ranges (>600 meters m.s.l). C. floridanum and its perfect stage Calonectria floridana, C. parvum, and C. curvatum are reported for the first time from Eucalyptus in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on pink disease of Eucalyptus, diagnosed in India. Large scale mortality of Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus grandis caused by Corticium salmonicolor in high rainfall locations is reported. Symptoms, incidence and epidemiology of the disease and pathogenicity of the fungus are worked out. Suitable alternative species based on performance and field resistance to the disease have been selected. In a reforested stand, the fungus may build up a high inoculum potential on residual roots and stumps to infect and kill eucalypts subsequently planted.

Examines the diversity and frequency occurrence of wood-eating termite Isoptera within an area of wandoo Eucalyptus capillosa woodland in Western Australia. Use of termite baits; Effect of unseasonal rainfall on termite activity at the soil surface; Effectiveness of pine, Oregon and paper roll baits in attracting foraging termites; Structure of wood-eating termite assemblages.

1. Paropsine chrysomelids are eucalypt folivores for which it has been hypothesized that the availability of suitable age class foliage (i.e. young foliage) is a more important determinant of host use than the physical and/or chemical characteristics of foliage from different hosts. This prediction was tested by assessing the oviposition preference of Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Olivier) on excised branches of Eucalyptus regnans F. Mueller and E. nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden. 2. In cage trials, and as observed in the wild, beetles oviposited preferentially on E. regnans when the branches of both eucalypt species displayed the full range of foliar developmental classes, from immature to fully expanded. However, when the branches were pruned so that both species displayed only immature and expanding leaves, no difference in oviposition between the species occurred. Further, when the branches were pruned so that E. regnans displayed only fully expanded leaves and E. nitens displayed only immature and expanding leaves, females oviposited entirely on the latter species. 3. These results support and extend the hypothesis that C. bimaculata’s ovipositional preference is dictated more by leaf age class than by the tree species from which the leaves derive. In the discussion it is proposed that a eucalypt that initiates and expands leaves rapidly will be less preferred for oviposition than one that develops and expands leaves slowly, because of the smaller area of its canopy with less sclerophyllous foliage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gall-wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La- Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a pest native to Australia, was introduced into several countries with eucalyptus cultivation. This insect has high damage capacity and reproductive rate. Leptocybe invasa was recorded in the Itapoã farm (S 19° 18' 06" -W 44° 30' 13"), Paraopeba municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil in areas of research, nursery and in the field. Maximum, minimum, and ambient temperatures and relative humidity were 23 °C, 14 °C and 21 °C and 67%, respectively. Leptocybe invasa is a significant pest problem in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, because this state has 1,400,000 ha of the eucalyptus plantations of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The term Mundulla Yellows (MY) was coined in 1997 to refer to a dieback disorder involving leaf chlorosis which affects Eucalyptus and other native southern Australian vascular plants. It was thought to be a new, spreading, contagious biotic disease with the potential to devastate native vegetation. Since then, research has found no evidence to confirm any role of biotic agents and generally the disorder has been more convincingly attributed to abiotic soil factors. It has now been suggested that most or all of the reported cases of MY are simply the very well-known nutrient disorder of alkaline soils, lime-induced chlorosis. All of the well-documented records of MY are from sites where acidic soils have become more alkaline because of the use of crushed limestone in road-making or to the use of alkaline irrigation water; none are from undisturbed native vegetation. Despite this research and much circumstantial evidence, the view that MY poses a grave risk to undisturbed vegetation still persists and needs to be corrected accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the conference paper "Identification of Insect-Specific Target Genes for Development of RNAi Based Control of the Eucalyptus Gall Pest Leptocybe Invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)," by Mathish Nambiar-Veetil and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the conference paper "Investigating Eucalyptus - pathogen and pest interactions to dissect broad spectrum defense mechanisms," by Sanushka Naidoo and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the conference paper "Identification of a novel QTL contributing to rust resistance in Eucalyptus," by Bruno M. Lima and colleagues is presented.

The eucalypt-feeding psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hom.: Psyllidae), an Australian insect, is reported for the first time in Europe. It was initially detected in Portugal and Spain, in September 2007, on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. At present, G. brimblecombei has only been found associated with E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis Smith, being apparently absent from E. globulus Labill., the main eucalypt species planted on the Iberian Peninsula. Generalist predators, such as ants, spiders and ladybeetles, were observed in trees attacked by G. brimblecombei, but no psyllid parasitoids were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 52-year-old male florist who is suspected to have airborne contact allergy and plant dermatitis. The patient history of swelling, erythema, and itchiness of face for three days along with ceaseless facial eczema are discussed. Patch tests employing the use of Eucalyptus pulverulenta and plant allergens which resulted to severe itching and flare of his facial dermatitis and hand eczema are also presented.

The article discusses the presence of the eucalypt species Phaeophleospora destructans in China. The P. destructans is considered as one of the major eucalypt pathogens and are known to cause disease on eucalypts. The P. destructans, the most aggressive eucalypt, causes leaf blights and discoloration of the lower crowns that leads to reduced growth and vigor and, in some instances, death within plantations. It has been reported that P. destructans appears to be restricted to South-East Asia and China.

Reports on the discovery of lepidopteran insect pest on commercially grown Eucalyptus nitens in South Africa called Coryphodema tristis. Damage caused by the wood-boring insect; Phenology, biology and population dynamics of the Eucalyptus pest; Control and management of Coryphodema.

A SURVEY OF DISEASES OF PLANTATION Eucalyptus was conducted in southern Uganda during June 1999. The aim was to compile a preliminary list of pathogens in planning future plantations and breeding programmes. Root, stem and leaf samples were collected from trees ranging in age from a few months to approximately 10 years. The most commonly isolated pathogen was Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which was frequently associated with stem cankers and die-back. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, was the most common cause of death of trees less than two years old, in the warmer areas around Kampala. In the eastern part of Uganda, the wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata was isolated from dying E. grandis and, together with L. theobromae, is considered the greatest threat to plantation Eucalyptus in Uganda. Other, less important, pathogens isolated during the survey included a species of Mycosphaerella from leaf spots and a Valsa species associated with stem cankers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plantation forestry, based on Eucalyptus species and clones, has been practised in the Republic of Congo since the early 1950s. A survey of plantations in the Pointe-Noire area undertaken in 1998 identified the diseases affecting plantation eucalypts. These included Cryphonectria canker, Botryosphaeria canker, Cylindrocladium leaf blight and bacterial wilt. A new and serious disease of eucalypts, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, was reported for the first time during this survey. A number of secondary, opportunistic fungi were also isolated from diseased tissue. We believe that the impact of these diseases will increase in future, as clonal forestry is practised more extensively. Disease management programmes should thus be established to reduce losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the presence of Sphaeropsis sapinea and Botryosphaeria dothidea fungi in healthy pine and eucalypt tissue, in South Africa. Explanation of enigma of the rapid ingress of the fungi in stressed or damaged trees; Information on the forestry industry in South Africa; Details on the two fungi, and their symptoms.

Reports that a number of kirramyces J. Walker and other species formerly accommodated in the genus phaeoseptoria Speg., are pathogens of Eucalyptus L'Herit spp. Description of the pathogen; Area of the plant affected by the pathogen; Method of treating the pathogen.

The article discusses the findings of a research on the effects of a plant disease causing yellowing and rapid wilting of leaves on Eucalyptus caused by the pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata in Pakistan.

The invasive Australian pest Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, the red gum lerp psyllid, is recorded for the first time in Tuscany (Italy). Its occurrence in this new region, just 2 years after its first record in Italy, shows how rapidly its population has found suitable environmental conditions in Italian territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note points out the presence of Eucalyptus' psilide, which affects trees in streets and parks of Mendoza and San Juan cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the first report of a Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris-related Phytoplasma associated with eucalyptus little leaf disease in Iran.

Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, a species associated with eucalypt plantations, is recorded for the first time in Entre Ríos, Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian species Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Homoptera: Psyllidae) is reported from Europe for the first time. In August of 2002, it was recorded in several eucalyptus plantations in central Portugal. During August and September of 2002, the insect was apparently circumscribed to the area between rivers Douro and Tagus, being absent in the North and South of the country. In February of 2003, C. spatulata was already present all over the country and also in every place we inspected in Spain, namely in Galicia, Extremadura and Andalucia regions. The dispersion of the insect suggests that its introduction in Iberian forests is recent. At the moment, damages were observed in plantations located in northern and central Portugal, and also in the north of Spain. Predation on C. spatulata by spiders, green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae), ladybeetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), and minute pirate bugs (Hemiptera, Anthocoridae) was observed in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the measurement of ethylene production in the bark of two Eucalyptus clones artificially inoculated with virulent and hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria cubensis. Rates of ethylene production; Difference in ethylene production by a susceptible clone and a disease-tolerant clone inoculated with a hypovirulent isolate.

El artículo presenta información sobre la presencia de un tipo de áfido, Greenidea psidii (Van der Goot) en Cuba, y específicamente su infestación del follaje y las flores de plantas de la familia Psidium guajava L. Se enumeran los tipos de plantas infestadas, las cuales incluyen Eucaliptus, Ficus y Engelhardtia.

The article presents the first report of Holocryphia eucalypti on Eucalyptus grandis in Uganda. Stem cankers were observed on a small number of five year-old Eucalyptus grandis trees in a clonal trial in Kifu, Uganda in 2007. The cankers comprised shallow fissures with orange fruiting bodies, and a sharply defined necrosis at the canker edge. Symptoms of the disease in Uganda were similar to that in South Africa, with no tree mortality observed and only the formation of superficial bark cankers.

This article presents an abstract of the research paper "Bacterial blight and dieback of Eucalyptus in Uganda ," which was presented at the 43rd Annual Congress of the Southern African Society for Plant Pathology held at Hartenbos, Western Cape. Bacterial blight and dieback, which is caused by Pantoea ananatis, is a disease of young Eucalyptus trees. The study does not find that P. ananatis is responsible for bacterial blight and dieback in Uganda.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Optimization of a pathosystem between Arabidopsis thaliana and Ralstonia solanacearum," which was presented at the 43rd Annual Congress of the Southern African Society for Plant Pathology held at Hartenbos, Western Cape, South Africa. The study particularly reports on delineation of a pathosystem between an African Eucalyptus isolate of Ralstonia solanacearum and various ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana.

The article presents an abstract of the study "Cylindrocladium pauciramosum, dominant in South African Eucalyptus nurseries," by L. Lombard, M.J. Wingfield and P.W. Crous. The plants in eucalyptus nurseries are commonly damaged by Cylindrocladium in South Africa. A survey has showed that C. pauciramosum on Eucalyptus cuttings is the dominant species in nurseries.

Examines the Mundulla Yellows infection of Eucalyptus in Australia. Presence of foliar interveinal chlorosis on the branch; Branch dieback advancing toward the main trunk; Tree death in five to 20 years.

Reports on the appearance of pycnidial fungus Coniothyrium zuluense in Eucalyptus species in Mexico. Observation of canker symptoms identical to coniothyrium canker during a survey of Eucalyptus disease in the Tabasco state of Mexico; Field evidence in Mexico suggesting that C. zuluense isolates act in similar manner to those in South Africa.

Studies the association of fungus Phytophthora (P) nicotianae with Eucalyptus species in South Africa. Disease symptoms; Determination of mating types by pairing P. nicotianae.

Presents an abstract of research entitled `Two New Ophiostoma Species from Eucalyptus in the Southern Hemisphere,' by Z.W. de Beer, M.J. Wingfield et al.

Presents an abstract of the study `Differences in fungal endophyte population in Eucalyptus species from different areas and in different seasons,' by H. Smith et al which was presented at the 33rd annual congress of the South African Society for Plant Pathology held from January 15-18, 1995 in South Africa.

Presents an abstract of the study `Botryosphaeria dothidea endophytic on Eucalyptus nitens in South Africa,' by H. Smith, G.H.J. Kemp et al presented at the 32nd annual congress of the South African Society for Plant Pathology held at the Aventura Vaal Spa, Christiana, South Africa from January 23-26, 1994.