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102. The tomato CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE8 ( Sl CCD8) regulates rhizosphere signaling, plant architecture and affects reproductive development through strigolactone biosynthesis.

Author

Kohlen, Wouter, Charnikhova, Tatsiana, Lammers, Michiel, Pollina, Tobia, Tóth, Peter, Haider, Imran, Pozo, María J., Maagd, Ruud A., Ruyter-Spira, Carolien, Bouwmeester, Harro J., and López-Ráez, Juan A.

Subjects
*CAROTENOIDS, *DIOXYGENASES, *RHIZOSPHERE, *BIOSYNTHESIS, *PLANT physiology, *RNA, *PLANT morphology
Abstract

Strigolactones are plant hormones that regulate both above- and belowground plant architecture. Strigolactones were initially identified as rhizosphere signaling molecules. In the present work, the tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 ( Sl CCD8) was cloned and its role in rhizosphere signaling and plant physiology assessed by generating knock-down lines., Transgenic Sl CCD8 plants were generated by RNAi-mediated silencing. Lines with different levels of strigolactone reduction - confirmed by UPLC- MS/ MS - were selected and their phenotypes investigated., Lines exhibiting reduced Sl CCD8 levels displayed increased shoot branching, reduced plant height, increased number of nodes and excessive adventitious root development. In addition, these lines exhibited reproductive phenotypes such as smaller flowers, fruits, as well as fewer and smaller seeds per fruit. Furthermore, we show that strigolactone loading to the xylem sap is possibly restricted to orobanchol., Infestation by Phelipanche ramosa was reduced by 90% in lines with a relatively mild reduction in strigolactone biosynthesis and secretion while arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, apical dominance and fruit yield were only mildly affected. This demonstrates that reduction of strigolactone biosynthesis could be a suitable tool in parasitic weed management. Furthermore, our results suggest that strigolactones are involved in even more physiological processes than so far assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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103. MOESM9 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 9: Figure S9. Maximum likelihood tree of APL and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0009526 (red) and OG0006786 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0009526 containing sequences highly homologous to MtAPL was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

104. MOESM7 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 7: Figure S7. Maximum likelihood tree of MYB58, MYB63 and MYB85 proteins. The protein sequences of OG0005384 (red) and OG0002420 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0005384 containing MYB58 and MYB63 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

105. MOESM10 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
10. No inequality
Abstract

Additional file 10: Figure S10. The NAC domain transcription factors MtVND6 and MtVND7, but not MtSND1, are lower expressed in zone 3 of Mtnoot1 tnk507 roots when compared to wild-type. The data represent means + SEM of three independent experiments. Student t-test was performed to assess significant differences (ns: not significant). (DOCX)

106. MOESM4 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 4: Figure S4. Maximum likelihood tree of VND6, VND7 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0006787 (red), OG0009959 (dark red), OG0004118 (purple), OG0001465 (green and blue) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018), except VND6, which was not included in OG0001465. Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at to the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0006787 including NAC1 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

107. MOESM6 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 6: Figure S6. Maximum likelihood tree of MYB46, MYB83 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0000857 (red) and OG0001270 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0000857 containing MYB50 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

108. MOESM5 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 5: Figure S5. Maximum likelihood tree of SND1 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0009898 (red) and OG0001875 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at to the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0009898 containing SMB was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

109. MOESM7 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 7: Figure S7. Maximum likelihood tree of MYB58, MYB63 and MYB85 proteins. The protein sequences of OG0005384 (red) and OG0002420 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0005384 containing MYB58 and MYB63 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

110. MOESM6 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 6: Figure S6. Maximum likelihood tree of MYB46, MYB83 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0000857 (red) and OG0001270 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0000857 containing MYB50 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

111. MOESM9 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 9: Figure S9. Maximum likelihood tree of APL and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0009526 (red) and OG0006786 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0009526 containing sequences highly homologous to MtAPL was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

112. MOESM5 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 5: Figure S5. Maximum likelihood tree of SND1 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0009898 (red) and OG0001875 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at to the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0009898 containing SMB was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

113. MOESM4 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 4: Figure S4. Maximum likelihood tree of VND6, VND7 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0006787 (red), OG0009959 (dark red), OG0004118 (purple), OG0001465 (green and blue) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018), except VND6, which was not included in OG0001465. Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at to the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0006787 including NAC1 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

114. MOESM8 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 8: Figure S8. Maximum likelihood tree of XCP1 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0003401 (red) and OG0003952 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0003401 containing CEP1 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

115. MOESM8 of The Medicago truncatula nodule identity gene MtNOOT1 is required for coordinated apical-basal development of the root

Author

Defeng Shen, Kulikova, Olga, Guhl, Kerstin, Franssen, Henk, Kohlen, Wouter, Bisseling, Ton, and René Geurts

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Additional file 8: Figure S8. Maximum likelihood tree of XCP1 and related proteins. The protein sequences of OG0003401 (red) and OG0003952 (green) are obtained from van Velzen et al. (2018). Species include arabidopsis (Athaliana), Eucalyptus grandis (Egrandis), Fragaria vesca (Fvesca), Glycine max (Gmax), medicago (Mtruncatula), Populus trichocarpa (Ptrichocarpa), Parasponia andersonii (Pan) and Trema orientalis (Tor). Numbers at the branches indicate support from 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. OG0003401 containing CEP1 was used as outgroup. (DOCX)

116. A petunia ABC protein controls strigolactone-dependent symbiotic signalling and branching

Author

Kretzschmar, Tobias, Kohlen, Wouter, Sasse, Joelle, Borghi, Lorenzo, Schlegel, Markus, Bachelier, Julien B., Reinhardt, Didier, Bours, Ralph, Bouwmeester, Harro J., Martinoia, Enrico, Kretzschmar, Tobias, Kohlen, Wouter, Sasse, Joelle, Borghi, Lorenzo, Schlegel, Markus, Bachelier, Julien B., Reinhardt, Didier, Bours, Ralph, Bouwmeester, Harro J., and Martinoia, Enrico

Abstract

Strigolactones were originally identified as stimulators of the germination of root-parasitic weeds that pose a serious threat to resource-limited agriculture. They are mostly exuded from roots and function as signalling compounds in the initiation of arbuscular mycorrhizae, which are plant–fungus symbionts with a global effect on carbon and phosphate cycling. Recently, strigolactones were established to be phytohormones that regulate plant shoot architecture by inhibiting the outgrowth of axillary buds. Despite their importance, it is not known how strigolactones are transported. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, however, are known to have functions in phytohormone translocation. Here we show that the Petunia hybrida ABC transporter PDR1 has a key role in regulating the development of arbuscular mycorrhizae and axillary branches, by functioning as a cellular strigolactone exporter. P. hybrida pdr1 mutants are defective in strigolactone exudation from their roots, resulting in reduced symbiotic interactions. Above ground, pdr1 mutants have an enhanced branching phenotype, which is indicative of impaired strigolactone allocation. Overexpression of Petunia axillaris PDR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in increased tolerance to high concentrations of a synthetic strigolactone, consistent with increased export of strigolactones from the roots. PDR1 is the first known component in strigolactone transport, providing new opportunities for investigating and manipulating strigolactone-dependent processes.

117. Nutrient regulation of lipochitooligosaccharide recognition in plants via NSP1 and NSP2

Author

Xin-Ran Li, Jongho Sun, Doris Albinsky, Darius Zarrabian, Raphaella Hull, Tak Lee, Edwin Jarratt-Barnham, Chai Hao Chiu, Amy Jacobsen, Eleni Soumpourou, Alessio Albanese, Wouter Kohlen, Leonie H. Luginbuehl, Bruno Guillotin, Tom Lawrensen, Hui Lin, Jeremy Murray, Emma Wallington, Wendy Harwood, Jeongmin Choi, Uta Paszkowski, Giles E. D. Oldroyd, Li, Xin-Ran [0000-0001-9951-253X], Zarrabian, Darius [0000-0002-5144-5005], Lee, Tak [0000-0001-7008-7605], Jarratt-Barnham, Edwin [0000-0002-8796-2266], Chiu, Chai Hao [0000-0002-2840-0407], Kohlen, Wouter [0000-0001-9057-2392], Luginbuehl, Leonie H [0000-0002-7353-2556], Guillotin, Bruno [0000-0002-0117-2512], Murray, Jeremy [0000-0003-3000-9199], Wallington, Emma [0000-0003-3715-7901], Harwood, Wendy [0000-0002-4323-9009], Paszkowski, Uta [0000-0002-7279-7632], Oldroyd, Giles ED [0000-0002-5245-6355], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Oldroyd, Giles E D [0000-0002-5245-6355]

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, article, General Physics and Astronomy, 38/90, General Chemistry, Nutrients, 38/61, Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 631/449/2676/2061, 38, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Mycorrhizae, Medicago truncatula, 631/449/1741/2672, 38/77, Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Biologie, Life Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Symbiosis, Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, 631/449/2675, Plant Proteins, Rhizobium
Abstract

Many plants associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient acquisition, while legumes also associate with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Both associations rely on symbiosis signaling and here we show that cereals can perceive lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) for activation of symbiosis signaling, surprisingly including Nod factors produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, legumes show stringent perception of specifically decorated LCOs, that is absent in cereals. LCO perception in plants is activated by nutrient starvation, through transcriptional regulation of Nodulation Signaling Pathway (NSP)1 and NSP2. These transcription factors induce expression of an LCO receptor and act through the control of strigolactone biosynthesis and the karrikin-like receptor DWARF14-LIKE. We conclude that LCO production and perception is coordinately regulated by nutrient starvation to promote engagement with mycorrhizal fungi. Our work has implications for the use of both mycorrhizal and rhizobial associations for sustainable productivity in cereals.

Published
2022

118. Ethylene biosynthesis in legumes: gene identification and expression during early symbiotic stages.

Author

Gómez-Fernández GO, van Velzen R, Mun JH, Cook DR, Kohlen W, and Larrainzar E

Abstract

The final steps of ethylene biosynthesis involve the consecutive activity of two enzymes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). These enzymes are encoded by small gene families, which, in the case of legumes, have not been systematically characterized at the level of gene family membership or phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, the absence of consensus nomenclature complicates comparisons within the scientific literature, where authors are addressing the roles of these genes in planta. In this study, we provide a framework in which the ACS and ACO family members of several legume species, including the two model legumes Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, were systematically annotated, named, and analyzed relative to genes from other dicot and monocot model species. A combination of phylogenetic and reciprocal BLAST analyses was used to identify evolutionary relationships among genes, including the identification of orthologous relationships that can inform hypotheses about function. Given the role of ethylene as a negative regulator of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, we queried publicly available RNA-seq expression datasets to obtain an overview of the expression profiles of these genes in the interaction between M. truncatula and its nitrogen-fixing microsymbiont. The resulting evolutionary framework, as well as structural and expression analyses, are intended to facilitate ongoing functional studies in legumes., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)

Published
2025
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119. Tomato strigolactones: a more detailed look.

Author

Kohlen W, Charnikhova T, Bours R, López-Ráez JA, and Bouwmeester H

Subjects
Furans metabolism, Indenes metabolism, Isomerism, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Exudates chemistry, Signal Transduction, Lactones metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism
Abstract

Strigolactones are plant signaling molecules that induce germination of parasitic plant seeds, initiate host plant - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis and act as plant hormones controlling shoot branching and root architecture. To date four unique strigolactones (e.g., orobanchol, didehydroorobanchol isomers 1 and 2 and the aromatic strigolactone solanacol) have been reported in the root exudates and extracts of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here we report on the presence of several additional strigolactones in tomato root exudates and extracts, orobanchyl acetate, two 7-hydroxyorobanchol isomers, 7-oxoorobanchol and two additional didehydroorobanchol isomers and discuss their possible biological relevance.

Published
2013
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