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Η ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟ PDF, The abstract is available in the PDF

Background BDSM is an acronym describing bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism. Afflicting or receiving pain is usually an important part of the BDSM interaction. Aim This research will focus on better understanding the aspect of pain within a BDSM interaction. Methods Submissive and dominant counterparts of 35 couples were recruited to participate in a BDSM interaction, of which 34 dominants and 33 submissives were included in the analyses. A non-BDSM interested control group (n = 27) was included to control for social interaction, of which 24 were included in the analyses. Outcomes This research investigates the differences in (i) baseline pain thresholds, (ii) the impact of a BDSM interaction on those thresholds, and (iii) threshold moderating factors like pain cognition between submissive and dominant BDSM participants and control individuals. RESULTS BDSM practitioners have a higher pain threshold overall and a BSDM interaction will result in a temporary elevation of pain thresholds for submissives. Additionally, pain thresholds in dominants will be dependent upon their fear of pain and tendency to catastrophize pain and submissives will experience less fear of pain than the control group. Clinical Implications By further enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind a BDSM interaction in this way, we aspire to relieve the stigma these practitioners still endure. Strengths & Limitations This is one of the first studies of its kind with a large sample size compared to similar research, which makes it a significant contribution to the field. It must be mentioned that there is a possible selection bias because recruitment was only done through the Flemish BDSM community and specifically those who visit clubs. Additionally, pain threshold remains a subjective measurement, which must be taken into account. CONCLUSION This study helps shed further light on the biological processes behind a BDSM interaction through pain threshold measurements.

With the rise in popularity of media pieces depicting alternative sexual/relationship preferences, there has been a rise in interest in kink and BDSM (SprottBerkey, 2015), which corresponds with research suggesting that approximately 20% of Americans have been in a consensually non-monogamous relationship (Haupert et al., 2016). Despite this growing popularity, these populations are often stigmatized and misunderstood (Bettinger, 2002). The present study examined the self-reported experiences of individuals who have participated in kink, BDSM, non-monogamy, and/or polyamory. Specifically, the study used qualitative methodology to examine narratives of discrimination, harassment, coming out, being outed, consent violations, and/or sexual assault in a BDSM or non-monogamous encounter. Participants consisted of 67 adults who completed an online survey conducted by the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom and were asked to provide narratives of their experience. Data were analyzed using a modified consensual qualitative research methodology (CQR-M; Spangler et al., 2012). Results indicated 11 categories falling into three domains: navigating incidents (consent issues, negotiation of scenes or relationships, identity/beliefs about coming out, and reporting), contributing factors (role of social media/media, exacerbating factors, and beliefs about the community), and response/prevention (outcome of incident, emotions felt, lessons learned from incident by the participant, and what would be helpful from the community). This study contributes to our understanding of the experiences in this community and elucidates strategies that can be used to intervene and advocate for these populations, including education of the general public and deliberate community support.

This paper discusses the use of psychodynamic approaches in the treatment of paraphilias. The paper will demonstrate the use of drive and relational structure theories as to the application to a psychotherapy case with a client in his 30's who is of mixed descent both Indian and White. The paper will review how both the drive and relational structures were utilized in the case, how it has impacted the treatment, and how it has impacted the life of the client. The outcome of the case resulted in a client who was better able to understand his relational patterns and how the paraphilia was related to his history. He reports being less disturbed by the fantasies and has also changed his behaviors. The paper will provide recommendations for clinicians considering a psychodynamic approach in the treatment of paraphilias

Il lavoro prende in esame, sotto il profilo psicoanalitico, il personaggio di John Wilder, protagonista di “Disturbo della quiete pubblica” di Richard Yates del 1975. Vengono presentati alcuni estratti significativi del romanzo, la trama, e a seguire una riflessione psicoanalitica che esplora l’economia psichica del personaggio. Questa viene individuata nel masochismo, per come postulato da Freud e alcuni autori post-freudiani, istanza che rappresenta un derivato di pulsione di morte e un paradossale assetto di tutta la vita psichica. Ci si domanda come agisce il masochismo inconscio nelle azioni del personaggio, come influenza la sua sconfitta ma anche la sua singolare risorsa, e come tutto ciò si articola con la speranza, da cui John, come tutti i personaggi di Yates, è particolarmente condizionato., From a psychoanalytic point of view, the work examines the character of John Wilder, protagonist of Disturbing The Peace by Richard Yates of 1975. Some significant extracts from the novel and the plot are presented, followed by a psychoanalytic reflection that explores the psychic economy of the character. Masochism is here identified, as postulated by Freud and some post-Freudian authors, an instance that represents a derivative of the death drive and a paradoxical structure of the whole psychic life. One wonders how unconscious masochism acts in the character's actions, how it influences his defeat but also his singular resource, and how all this is articulated with hope, from which John, like all Yates characters, is particularly conditioned.

This doctoral research takes its source in a reading of manuscripts of Edmund Husserl. We examined the analyses of three philosophers: Carl Stumpf, Franz Brentano and Husserl. We are concentrated on the texts about affectivity, valuation, and classification of feelings. Our interest is particularly focused on “sensory feelings”. In our work, taking as a common thread the experience of pain, we try to put forward an original problem, with the help of which we become able to show the advantages of Husserl’s position regarding feelings in relation to Stumpf’s and Brentano’s positions. However, our objective in this study is not only to inquire about sensory feelings. The more general task before us is to uncover the structure of affective consciousness according to the three philosophers.; Cette recherche doctorale prend sa source dans une lecture des manuscrits d’Edmund Husserl. Nous avons abordé les analyses de trois philosophes ; Carl Stumpf, Franz Brentano et Husserl. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les textes qui portent sur l’affectivité, la valorisation et la classification des sentiments. Notre intérêt a été particulièrement centré sur les « sentiments sensoriels ». Dans notre travail, en prenant pour fil conducteur l’expérience de la douleur, nous tentons d’avancer une problématique originale, à l’aide de laquelle nous devenons en mesure de montrer les avantages de la position de Husserl concernant les sentiments par rapport aux positions de Stumpf et de Brentano. Cependant, notre objectif dans cette étude ne consiste pas seulement à nous enquérir des sentiments sensoriels. La tâche plus générale qui nous incombe est de mettre au jour lastructure de la conscience affective selon les trois philosophes

Background Recent research has indicated that participation in BDSM (bondage-discipline, dominance-submission, and/or sadism-masochism) is not associated with psychological distress or psychopathology but that sexual roles may be associated with personality characteristics, specifically interpersonal dominance and empathy. Aim The present study examined potential differences between those who identify as dominant, switch, and submissive on interpersonal dominance and empathy. Methods Individuals who identified as members of the BDSM community were recruited online via a social networking site. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported demographic variables, the Personality Assessment Inventory, Dominance subscale, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Empathic Concern subscale. RESULTS Participants were well distributed across sexual roles (n = 279; 25.4% dominant, 38% submissive, 36.6% switch), identified as primarily female (59.5%), primarily heterosexual (53.4%), and the most common age group was 25-34 years (27.2%). BDSM role was associated with scores on the Dominance subscale; dominant BDSM practitioners scored significantly higher on the Dominance scale than switches, who in turn scored significantly higher than submissives (dominant mean [M] = 61.44, standard deviation [SD] = 8.26; switch M = 53.99, SD = 11.18, P < .01; submissive M = 49.41, SD = 11.46, P < .01). There were no differences on the measure of empathy between dominant, submissive, and switch BDSM practitioners. On average, individuals who identified as submissives and switches scored in the average range on the Dominance scale compared with the normative sample, and individuals who identified as dominants scored higher but not in the markedly elevated range. Clinical Implications The study provides information on the relationship between interpersonal dominance as a personality trait and dominance as a sexual role and has implications for reducing stigma related to these practices. Strengths and Limitations The study contributes to the growing literature suggesting that while BDSM roles may correspond with specific personality characteristics, they are not indicative of personalities significantly different than the general population’s. The study also included individuals who identified as switch, a group often excluded from quantitative research in the BDSM community. The sample was, however, recruited exclusively online, and findings may not be applicable to all BDSM practitioners. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that there are no differences in empathy between BDSM practitioner roles, and although there are differences in interpersonal dominance, these characteristics are not likely to be prominent in individuals’ everyday interactions.

A growing number of studies have demonstrated that BDSM (Bondage/Discipline-Domination/Submission-Sadism/Masochism) practices are not signs of mental illness. However, the reasons for engaging in such behaviors are not well understood, especially for sexual masochism or submission (m/s). A thorough review of the literature was conducted, as well as a search in Internet forums and an online survey to obtain testimonies that provide information on the origins of interest in m/s and the reasons for engaging in it. A qualitative content analysis was performed on narratives from 227 m/s practitioners. Sixteen themes emerged from this analysis, eight related to the origins of interest in m/s and eight to the reasons for engaging in m/s. The origins described were seen as either intrinsic or extrinsic. Reasons to engage in m/s were related to one of three main types of activities: use of interpersonal power; experiencing physical pain; and altering one's state of mind. These results concord with accounts found in non-academic books and small-scale studies suggesting that m/s interests are often present early in life and usually practiced to reach an altered state of mind associated with sexual arousal. Possible reasons for choosing m/s over more common means of mind alteration are discussed.

BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism) prakse vključujejo odnose, ki temeljijo na nadrejenosti in podrejenosti. Nanašanje bolečine znotraj teh odnosov je sporazumno. BDSM odnosi temeljijo na zaupanju in iskreni komunikaciji. Namen naloge ni diskriminirati in marginalizirati te prakse, temveč jih prikazati v pozitivni in sprejemajoči luči. Ljudje, ki se ukvarjajo z BDSM praksami, se pogosto srečujejo s težavami od pravnih težav do nerazumevanja in kritik splošne populacije in določenih skupin ljudi. Teoretični del naloge vključuje predstavljanje sadizma, mazohizma in ostalih BDSM praks, patologizacije teh praks, različnih pogledov na BDSM, pozitivnih in negativnih strani ukvarjanja s temi praksami ter razvoja BDSM kulture. Nadaljuje se z opisom učinkov in funkcij BDSM skupnosti, BDSM vlog, različnih dojemanj in napačnih prepričanj o BDSM praksah. Empirični del naloge pokaže, da se ljudem, ki se v Sloveniji ukvarjajo z BDSM praksami, tovrstne fantazije praviloma začnejo pojavljati v mladosti. Ljudje, ki se s tem ukvarjajo, dojemajo BDSM seksualno, spiritualno in erotično. Ukvarjanje z BDSM praksami jim pomaga, da se boljše znajdejo tudi v drugih življenjskih situacijah. BDSM gradi njihovo samozavest, pomaga jim v delovnem okolju, v stresnih situacijah, v odnosih in pri spoznavanju novih ljudi. BDSM pozitivno vpliva na ljudi, ki se z njim ukvarjajo. V medijih načeloma ni dovolj predstavljen, če pa je, pa ga predstavljajo napačno. Ukvarjanje z BDSM praksami nekaterim ljudem predstavlja vir njihove identitete ter jim omogoča, da postanejo del skupnosti. BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism) practices involve relationships based on dominance and submission. Inflicting pain within those relationships is consensual. BDSM relationships are based on trust and honest communication. The purpose of the thesis is not to discriminate and marginalize BDSM practices, but to show them in a positive and receptive perspective. People who practice BDSM, frequently experience legal issues, incomprehension and criticism by general population and particular groups of people. Theoretical part of the thesis includes the presentation of sadism, masochism and other BDSM practices, pathologization of such practices, various perspectives on BDSM, positive and negative aspects of practicing it and the development of BDSM culture. The description of the effects and functions of BDSM community, BDSM roles, various perceptions and false beliefs about these practices are further included. Empirical part of the thesis shows that people, practicing BDSM in Slovenia, generally developed these fantasies at a young age. People who practice BDSM perceive it as a sexual, spiritual and erotic experience, helping people to cope more effectively with different situations in life. BDSM builds their self-confidence it helps them function in a place of work, in stressful situations, in relationships and boosts their self-esteem when meeting new people. It positively affects the ones who practice it. Media does not sufficiently present BDSM practices, and if they do, these practices are normally misrepresented and misinterpreted. To some people BDSM practices are a source of their identity, helping them become a part of a community.

This commentary begins by describing the author's research and expert witness practice serving sex and gender minorities, especially practitioners of BDSM/kinky sex. Then, it reviews the three most common reasons that BDSM is legally prosecuted. First, consent: was this assault, rape, and/or kidnapping, or was it consensual kinky sex that either got out of hand or is now being strategically employed to punish the other partner? Second, age play: was this adult trying to have sex with children or was he (and it is virtually always men) intending to age play with an adult who is pretending to be an adolescent? Third, death by kinky sex: was this a person who murdered their lover or was this an accidental death? Finally, this article concludes with recommendations for kinksters who wish to assure consent and safe play, and for litigators involved in the prosecution of kinky sex.

The objective of this work is to propose a reflection on the personality of women who suffer gender-based violence, to verify whether this aspect is based on psychopathological traits, as highlighted by the major current nosographic systems. We examine the dependent organization of personalities by describing their main characteristics, starting also from the first descriptions started with Kreapelin, to the last ones, related to Swap II and DSM5 and understand that these cannot actually represent the only answer that explains the reasons that lead a woman not to notice the violence she suffers. The proposed question leads the author to consider other closely related issues, such as those related to masochism, aggression and violence, in addition to the possibility of being able to take into consideration further hypotheses of authors who, while moving in the psychoanalytic field, do not fully embrace the deterministic aspect.

À côté des grands amoureux jaloux de la Recherche, Swann et Charlus, de nombreux personnages de Régnier sont rendus fous par l’amour. Nous retrouvons ainsi des faunes et des violeurs, des masochistes, des bougres et des invertis et enfin des suicidaires qui auraient pu constituer le « Dictionnaire des maniaques » que Régnier appelait de ses vœux, dans une lettre à Gide, au chapitre « amour »., Alongside the jealous lovers from À la recherche du temps perdu, Swann and Charlus, many of Régnier’s characters are driven mad by love. When it comes to love, we thus find lechers and rapists, masochists, sodomites, homosexuals, and, lastly, suicidal people, who could have filled the “Dictionnaire des maniaques” that Régnier called for in a letter to Gide.

Despite the gaining popularity in mainstream media of the phenomenon that is BDSM, empirical research on the motives and underlying psychological mechanisms driving BDSM practitioners is scarce. The current study focused on the potential driving roles of sensation seeking and coping styles in BDSM-related interests and behavior. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was completed by 256 Dutch-speaking BDSM practitioners (110 men, 135 women, 7 gender fluid, 2 genderless, 1 other not specified), 1 missing (this participant did not answer the question regarding gender, but did answer all other survey items) and a matched control group lacking any BDSM interest recruited from the general Belgian population (N = 300; 135 men, 158 women, 4 gender fluid, 3 genderless). The questionnaire consisted of several items surveying different BDSM identities and interest levels of BDSM-related activities, an adapted version of the Dutch Sensation Seeking Scale, and items querying seven coping styles. Compared to controls, BDSM practitioners reported significantly higher levels of sensation seeking for all dimensions (experience seeking, thrill seeking, and distraction seeking), as well as the use of more active coping skills such as problem solving and taking action. Gender differentiated which specific coping skills were being used with women seeking out more emotional support and comfort and reaching out more for help and advice in both the BDSM and control group, and men taking more action and seeking distraction in leisure. About 40% of the practitioners reported using BDSM itself as a coping strategy. Further research is needed to explore the link between coping and sexuality in general, and to other psychological processes that drive BDSM interests in order to destigmatize and normalize consensual BDSM-related activities within the general population.

The paper focuses on the Sadomasochism of the Lebanese novelist, poet and diplomat Tawifq Yusuf Awwad, due to the horrible childhood which has shaped his character. When the First World War broke out he was three years old, and when the terrible famine killed two-thirds of the people of Mount Lebanon in 1916 he witnessed these scenes of death, I attempt to investigate how such scenes affected on his life and depicted in his early writings.

The present study attempted to understand people's desires for aggressive and humiliating sexual play, both in terms of interests and fantasy. An evolutionary framework has been developed which generated five hypotheses to be tested. Evidence from a qualitative study of 102 participants identified 13 aggressive and sexual acts which were commonly preferred. A subsequent quantitative online study of 1026 men and women asked participants to rate the desirability of these acts. The results indicated that more than 70% of participants found at least one aggressive or humiliating sexual play desirable, whereas about half of the participants found at least three such acts desirable. Significant sex differences were also found, with men desiring to engage in such play more than women. This discordance was moderated by the willingness of each party to partially accommodate each other's desires. On the basis of these findings and the proposed theoretical framework, it is concluded that aggressive and humiliating sexual play constitutes a normal variation in sexual desire.

This study sought to gain insight into the attitudes, beliefs, and values that shape bondage/discipline/sadomasochism (BDSM) activities and to explore the degree and consequences of unintended or non-negotiated harms, including physical, emotional, and sexual violence. A qualitative approach, consisting of 22 semistructured interviews and over 150 hours of observations of BDSM events and activities, was used to develop an in-depth exploration of the lived experiences of participants. Thematic analysis was employed to elucidate the ways in which participants define and in some cases experience harm. Findings suggest that individuals construct rational identities that emphasize safe practices and managing harm; however; there are instances where “boundary slippage” occurs. Implications for understanding the dynamics as well as the potential dangers of “consensual” violence are discussed.

Based on a five-year qualitative ethnographic study of Bondage and Discipline/Dominance and Submission/Sadism and Masochism (BDSM) in Sweden, this paper examines the process of becoming among BDSM practitioners. In-depth interviews were completed with 29 self-defined BDSM practitioners, and their accounts were analysed using thematic analysis. Focusing on the Deleuzian concept of becoming, BDSM is understood as a dynamic and collective phenomenon closely connected to fantasies, memories and longing, and enabled through flows of desire. Practising BDSM can be understood as a process of increasing expansion, creation and connection, in which desire is seen not as something we lack or need but rather as a process of striving and self-enhancement. Exploring the becoming process more fully can provide a better understanding as to why some people choose to practise BDSM.

The practice of bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, sadism/masochism (BDSM) sometimes is associated with giving and receiving pain. It remains unresolved how BDSM practitioners perceive the pain of other people. This study investigated whether and how the BDSM experience affects human empathy. Experiment 1 measured trait empathy and subjective empathic responses in BDSM practitioners and control respondents. The results revealed lower trait empathy scores and subjective pain intensity ratings in the female submissive group (Subs) compared to controls. Experiment 2 measured participants' neural responses to others' suffering by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from female Subs and controls while viewing painful and neutral expressions. We found that the differential amplitudes between painful and neutral expressions in the frontal N1 (92-112ms), frontal P2 (132-172ms) and central late LPP (700-1000ms) were reduced in the submissive group versus the control group. These findings suggest that being in the submissive role during BDSM practice weakens female individuals' empathic responses to others' suffering at both the behavioral and neural levels.

Introduction Erotic asphyxiation is a sexual phenomenon in which one partner reduces the other person's brain oxygen level through strangulation. This study analyzes deaths caused by sexually-motivated strangulation to cases of homicidal choking — summarizing criminal penalties for defendants, depending on the presence of drugs, or alcohol intoxication. Methods The mode of analysis involves three sources of data. First, a retrospective chart review of our clinics' two recent cases. Second, a meta-analysis of these materials in relationship to forensic reports obtained from prosecutor's office. Third, we examine the prevalence of death due to strangulation in erotic and non-erotic cases using central court database. Lastly, we provide the summary of interviews involving the country's only forensic unit, which investigates criminal cases involving voluntary and involuntary strangulation. Results In total, we analyzed 15 cases of sexual asphyxiation — 2 of our own; 5 reported in prosecutor's archives; 8 control cases ruled as a non-sexual homicide. The two of our clinical cases describe two victims of voluntary erotic asphyxiation, involving complex sexual environment in which a sexual partner accidentally strangulated the other one during sex. The first case describes a 30 years-old female, who required all of her past sexual partners to choke her with hands in order to reach orgasm. The second case is that of a 41 years-old homosexual male, who was still a novice to kinky play and succumbed to death as a result of being tied with a set of ropes around his neck and body. By combining findings from the analysis of our clinic's cases with 5 files obtained from prosecutor's office — we are able to compare results of these cases to controls (involving homicidal suffocation using the plastic bag). In our cases, the defendants who avoid serving prison time for strangulating in course of erotic play typically exhibit these characteristics — at the time of the killing, they were not under influence of drugs; the deceased had documented (based on witness interview, review of personal items, or medical documentation) long-standing paraphilic disorder. In controls, the likelihood of being convicted of voluntary manslaughter was lower for people who acted under the influence of drugs but higher for those under the influence of alcohol. Conclusions These findings show that documented presence of paraphilic tendencies in the deceased might serve as grounds for not sentencing their sex partners for prison time if they acted to satisfy someone else's kinky needs.