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This study explored the feasibility of utilizing varying proportions of metakaolin – MK (4, 6, or 8 wt%) and two types of alkaline liquid reagents – LR (incorporating nanosilica and NaOH or KOH) to induce in situ geopolymer formation in high-alumina refractory castables. The impact of geopolymeric binders on processing behavior, as well as on the physico-mechanical and structural properties of the designed refractories, was investigated within a temperature range of 40–1250 °C. Optimal physico-mechanical performance and thermal shock resistance were achieved with compositions 8 MK-Na (prepared with 8 wt% MK and NaOH-based LR) and 6 MK-K (containing 6 wt% MK and KOH-based LR). The liquid generation during viscous sintering enhanced castable densification at 1100–1250 °C and promoted the formation of nepheline, kalsilite or leucite phases. This resulted in microstructures featuring a suitable interfacial bond strength between the glassy phase and alumina grains, leading to an interlocking structure and improved castable properties. These achievements underscore the potential of geopolymer-bonded high-alumina castables for applications involving intermediate temperatures (800–1200 °C), such as those found in the petrochemical and non-ferrous metal industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Long-term analysis on the rainwater chemistry during 2011–2020. • Despite the improvement, the situation of acid rain frequency and precipitation pH in Zhuzhou City are still serious comparied to other cities in China. • The changs of nss-SO 4 2−/NO 3 − ratio reveals the acid type in Zhuzhou is gradually changing from sulfuric acid type to the compound type of both sulfuric acid and nitric acid. • Analysis on the rainwater chemistry shows The Zhuzhou municipal government should be cautious in implementing ammonia emission control measures. Zhuzhou was one of the most polluted cities in China with the serious acid rain. Due to the implementation of air pollution control measures from 2016 to 2018, the acid rain pollution in this city has reduced. In order to understand the recent situation, a comprehensive study on the acid rain was carried out from January 2011 to December 2020. The pH values during the study period varied from 3.3 to 7.5, with a volume-weighted mean value of 4.7. The predominant acidic components of the precipitation were SO 4 2− and NO 3 −, accounting for 89.3% of the total anions. The ratio of non-sea-salt SO 4 2− to NO 3 − showed a decreasing trend, revealing that the pollution type of acid rain changed from sulfuric acid type to sulfuric acid and nitric acid compound type. The correlation analysis (p < 0.05) showed that SO 4 2− was positively correlated with NH 4 +, Ca2+, and Mg2+; hence, it predominated in precipitation as (NH 4) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 HSO 4 , CaSO 4 , and MgSO 4. Significant positive correlation of Ca2+ with Mg2+ shows that they may originated mainly from crust. Significant positive correlation between SO 4 2− and F− and Cl− indicate that their source may be related to the non-ferrous metal smelting industry in Zhuzhou. Further correlation analysis shows that emissions from the non-ferrous metal smelting industry in the area have a large significant on SO 4 2− and F− in precipitation, while Cl− may still be emitted from other anthropogenic sources. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The huge carbon stock in humus layers of the boreal forest plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remains uncertainty about the factors that regulate below-ground carbon sequestration in this region. Notably, based on evidence from two independent but complementary methods, we identified that exchangeable manganese is a critical factor regulating carbon accumulation in boreal forests across both regional scales and the entire boreal latitudinal range. Moreover, in a novel fertilization experiment, manganese addition reduced soil carbon stocks, but only after 4 y of additions. Our results highlight an underappreciated mechanism influencing the humus carbon pool of boreal forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidation self-charging batteries have emerged with the demand for powering electronic devices around the clock. The low efficiency of self-charging has been the key challenge at present. Here, a more efficient autoxidation self-charging mechanism is realized by introducing hemoglobin (Hb) as a positive electrode additive in the polyaniline (PANI)-zinc battery system. The heme acts as a catalyst that reduces the energy barrier of the autoxidation reaction by regulating the charge and spin state of O2. To realize self-charging, the adsorbed O2 molecules capture electrons of the reduced (discharged state) PANI, leading to the desorption of zinc ions and the oxidation of PANI to complete self-charging. The battery can discharge for 12 min (0.5 C) after 50 self-charging/discharge cycles, while there is nearly no discharge capacity in the absence of Hb. This biology-inspired electronic regulation strategy may inspire new ideas to boost the performance of self-charging batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-nitrate batteries can integrate energy supply, ammonia electrosynthesis, and sewage disposal into one electrochemical device. However, current zinc-nitrate batteries still severely suffer from the limited energy density and poor rechargeability. Here, we report the synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrin (tpp)-modified heterophase (amorphous/crystalline) rhodium-copper alloy metallenes (RhCu M-tpp). Using RhCu M-tpp as a bifunctional catalyst for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) and ethanol oxidation reaction in neutral solution, a highly rechargeable and low-overpotential zinc-nitrate/ethanol battery is successfully constructed, which exhibits outstanding energy density of 117364.6 Wh kg-1 cat, superior rate capability, excellent cycling stability of ~400 cycles, and potential ammonium acetate production. Ex/in situ experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that there is a molecule-metal relay catalysis in NO3RR over RhCu M-tpp that significantly facilitates the ammonia selectivity and reaction kinetics via a low energy barrier pathway. This work provides an effective design strategy of multifunctional metal-based catalysts toward the high-performance zinc-based hybrid energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we capture the impact of changing temperature and rainfall patterns on the estimated consumption of macro-and micronutrients among households in Malawi. We apply a fixed-effects model to household panel data collected between 2010 and 2017, which contains detailed information on food consumption, combined with rainfall and temperature data over the past 30 years. In turn, we aim to identify the impact of weather shocks on household food and nutrition security. We find decreases in rainfall from the long-term average results in declining daily consumption of macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fat), and micronutrients (iron, zinc, vitamin C, and B2). Increases in temperature from the long-term average are associated with reduced daily consumption of carbohydrates, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A, B2, folate, and B12. These results suggest that reduced rainfall and higher temperatures will exacerbate food insecurity in Malawi. As the effects of climate change are becoming more apparent, enhancing our understanding of the effect of weather shocks on nutrition in developing countries will be vital to aid policymakers to implement targeted interventions to advance food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa. This will be essential to achieve the sustainable development goal of 'Zero Hunger' by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of manganese(II)‐betaine complex as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species and categories. Based on the tolerance study performed in chickens, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is safe for chickens for fattening when used up to the maximum proposed level of manganese in feed; this conclusion was extrapolated to all animal species and categories at the corresponding maximum manganese levels in complete feed (100 mg Mn/kg feed for fish and 150 mg Mn/kg feed for all other animal species). The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of additive in animal nutrition does not represent a concern for consumer safety or for the environment. The additive is irritant to the eyes, but not irritant to skin. Owing to the presence of nickel the additive is considered to be a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The Panel concluded that the additive is efficacious as a nutritional additive for all animal species under the proposed conditions of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coarse arsenic fume is an inevitable product of the gold roasting and smelting process in the treatment of complex arsenic-containing gold concentrate. The way it is effectively disposed of safely, environmentally friendly, and recovered as resources, has become a technical problem for the gold and non-ferrous metal smelting industry. In the production process of a gold smelting company, the mass fractions of arsenic trioxide, gold, and silver in the coarse arsenic fume are 86. 50 %,1. 1 g/t, and 11 g/t, respectively. The coarse arsenic fume is treated using closed fluidization transportation of coarse arsenic fume, multi-stage gradient temperature-controlled distillation, multi-stage slow-cooling crystallization of arsenic, leaching of gold and silver from arsenic-removal slag and recycling of arsenic-removal tail gas. This technology has been successfully applied on an industrial scale. The primary product obtained has an arsenic trioxide mass fraction of 99. 51 %,and the arsenic recovery rate reaches 99. 10 %. The gold and silver recovery rates are 81. 17 % and 79. 94 % respectively. The industrial application of the purification and production of arsenic trioxide from coarse arsenic fume successfully transforms coarse arsenic fume hazardous waste into a secondary high-value resource, overcoming the technical bottlenecks of producing high-purity arsenic trioxide from coarse arsenic fume both domestically and internationally. The comprehensive recovery, recycling, and clean production of coarse arsenic fume resources have significant environmental, economic, and social benefits, demonstrating wide-ranging value for promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical nonferrous metals are of strategic importance to the development of today's manufacturing industry, especially under sustainable circumstances. To explore the trade patterns of the critical nonferrous metal resource industry chain and analyze its competitive advantages at different stages, this paper takes cobalt as an example, constructs the directional weighted network of the trade of typical products at each stage of the global cobalt industry chain from 2002 to 2020 based on the trade data of cobalt, cobalt oxide, electrolytic cobalt and cobalt acid lithium, uses trade and market concentration index to analyze the evolution pattern of overall global cobalt products trade, analyzes the cobalt competitive situation of China among typical trading parties. The results show: (1) Developed countries or regions attach more importance to the downstream of the cobalt industry chain. (2) The overall trade volume of cobalt has been gradually increasing, cobalt oxide and lithium cobalt oxide still occupied the majority share of trade among countries. (3) China is more dependent on cobalt ore and cobalt oxide from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and may face a shortage of cobalt and cobalt oxide; the competitiveness of China's cobalt industry is second only to the United States. (4) The United States, Germany, and other countries pay more attention to the ability of betweenness centrality and the distribution of export structure. Accordingly, it is proposed to pay attention to the diversification of the supply side, build a global cobalt product trade risk assessment system, accelerate the up-stream and downstream extension of the industry chain and take the lead in relieving the investment pressure of enterprises, to adapt to the internal and external environment evolution, to enhance the control of the critical nonferrous metals industry chain, both in the international and domestic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a combined pollution of heavy metals and residual organic agents for mineral dressing and smelting in nonferrous metal industry area. The transport behaviors of butyl xanthate (BX) in quartz sand， Fe-coated sand and Fe/Cu-coated sand were investigated using saturated sand column experiments and mathematic model. The results show that quartz sand loading Fe (0.07mg/g) on the surface can reduce the recovery rate of BX from 89.8% to 45.3%， and it decreases by 41.5% with the doubling of iron content. When CuO was loaded subsequently on the Fe-coated sand，BX could react with Cu2+ to generate CuBX. And the transport of BX was completely inhibited when Cu was loaded within a range of 0.010~0.055mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the environmental impact caused by the migration of heavy metals in electrolytic manganese residue to water, this paper added calcined dolomite sand to electrolytic manganese residue to solidified Mn2+, and analyzed the microstructure and microstructure of dolomite sand before and after calcination by XRD, BET and SEM methods. The stabilization effect of calcined dolomite sand on Mn2+ in electrolytic manganese residue at different dosage was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that with the calcination temperature increasing from 600 °C to 800 °C, the dolomite sand gradually decompositions to form alkaline oxides such as CaO and MgO. The specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of calcined dolomite sand increase continuously, which are 1.16 ~ 3.96 times, 1.7 ~ 4.18 times and 1.99 ~ 16.12 times of uncalcined dolomite sand, respectively. When 10% calcined dolomite sand at 800 °C is added to electrolytic manganese residue, the stabilization efficiency of Mn2+ is 99. 95%, and when 30% calcined dolomite sand at 700 °C is added, the stabilization efficiency of Mn2+ is 99.85%, and the concentration of Mn2+ is as low as 1.66 mg/L. The stabilization effect of calcined dolomite sand on Mn2+ in electrolytic manganese residue is mainly that Mn2+ is solidified in the form of MnO2 and MnOOH. The calcined dolomite sand at 700 * 800 °C can be used as an effective stabilizer to solidified Mn2+ in electrolytic manganese residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of concrete as a construction material is most extensively used, around the world, leading to its inadvertent over exploitation. The extraction of the natural constituents of concrete, namely gravel and sand has a huge environmental impact. The insatiable demand for infrastructural development has led to the exploration of alternate constituents of concrete. The foundry industry waste can be a promising alternative to natural sand in concrete. In this article, the effectiveness of foundry sand, which is a byproduct of ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting industries having high silica content has been explored as a replacement for sand. The presence of silica in waste sand obtained from foundry draws attention towards its use in civil engineering applications such as partial replacement or full replacement of fine aggregate in production of concrete. Many studies have been performed on the use of waste foundry sand in concrete and concrete related items such as replacement of aggregate (fine), and bricks, blocks, and paving stones. The current study provides an idea about the scope of waste foundry sand utilization. It also yields the modification in physical, mechanical, microstructural, and durability properties of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advanced nonferrous metal industry is a national strategic emerging industry, and its innovation ability is crucial to the transformation and development of downstream industries such as aerospace, rail transit, electronic information, and automobiles to the high end of the industrial value chain. The research on the evolution characteristics of its cooperative network is beneficial to the research on the mechanism of improving the innovation capability of the industry. Based on the cooperative invention patent application data in 2002–2020, using the social network analysis method and Gephi 0.9.2 visualization to construct a patent cooperation network and knowledge network, this paper analyzes the overall characteristics and evolution law of the patent cooperation network in the advanced nonferrous metal industry. It is found that, first, the structure of the innovation network in China's advanced nonferrous metals industry is becoming more and more complex. The scale of the cooperation network and knowledge network is increasing, and the small world is obvious. Second, some innovation subjects, as key nodes, play the role of "bridge" and grasp the general direction of technology. The structure of the key nodes in the network has changed, and the cooperative innovation network of industry-university-research has gradually evolved from enterprise-led to university-led. Third, the number of technical categories has increased and the depth of technology has been enhanced in China's advanced nonferrous metal field. Hot technical fields are characterized by high intensity, wide range, and stable advancement. Based on the research findings, some suggestions and enlightenment are put forward to promote the development of the advanced nonferrous metal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ treatment of acidic arsenic-containing wastewater from the non-ferrous metal smelting industry has been a great challenge for cleaner production in smelters. Scorodite and iron arsenate have been proved to be good arsenic-fixing minerals; thus, we used lead slag as an iron source to remove arsenic from wastewater by forming iron arsenate and scorodite. As the main contaminant in wastewater, As(III) was oxidized to As(V) by H2O2, which was further mineralized to low-crystalline iron arsenate by Fe(III) and Fe(II) released by lead slag (in situ generated). The calcium ions released from the dissolved lead slag combined with sulfate to form well-crystallized gypsum, which co-precipitated with iron arsenate and provided attachment sites for iron arsenate. In addition, a silicate colloid was generated from dissolved silicate minerals wrapped around the As-bearing precipitate particles, which reduced the arsenic-leaching toxicity. A 99.95% removal efficiency of arsenic with initial concentration of 6500 mg/L was reached when the solid–liquid ratio was 1:10 and after 12 h of reaction at room temperature. Moreover, the leaching toxicity of As-bearing precipitate was 3.36 mg/L (As) and 2.93 mg/L (Pb), lower than the leaching threshold (5 mg/L). This work can promote the joint treatment of slag and wastewater in smelters, which is conducive to the long-term development of resource utilization and clean production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Integrating nZVI with bioprocess is highlighted for the treatment of contaminants. • Synergic interactions between the nZVI and the microbes are elucidated. • Theory and applications of the nZVI-bio system are reviewed. • Future and prospects of the integrated process are discussed. Integrating nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with biological treatment processes holds the promise of inheriting significant advantages from both environmental nano- and bio-technologies. nZVI and microbes can perform in coalition in direct contact and act simultaneously, or be maintained in separate reactors and operated sequentially. Both modes can generate enhanced performance for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. nZVI scavenges and eliminates toxic metals, and enhances biodegradability of some recalcitrant contaminants while bioprocesses serve to mineralize organic compounds and further remove impurities from wastewater. This has been demonstrated in a number of recent works that nZVI can substantially augment the performance of conventional biological treatment for wastewaters from textile and nonferrous metal industries. Our recent laboratory and field tests show that COD of the industrial effluents can be reduced to a record-low of 50 ppm. Recent literature on the theory and applications of the nZVI-bio system is highlighted in this mini review. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Chemical plating and electroplating can be used to prepare ultra-thin copper–aluminum composite foils. • The process is shorter than the traditional aluminum-based copper plating process. • Preparation of transition layers by electroplating tin can form beneficial rivet structures. • The copper–aluminum composite foils have excellent bonding performance and electrical conductive properties. Copper-aluminum composite foils have the advantages of excellent electrical and mechanical properties, lightweight, and low cost. However, overcoming the equipment limitations of physical preparation methods to produce ultra-thin copper–aluminum composite foils with outstanding properties has been a challenge. Herein, smooth-faced, dense, and tightly bonded copper–aluminum composite foils are prepared using a combination of electroless plating and electroplating. This process involves the use of tin and nickel as transition layers, followed by electroplating the copper-clad layer. Ultra-thin copper–aluminum composite foils with a copper layer thickness ranging from 0.5 to 7 μm and a minimum square resistance of 4.6 mΩ can be prepared with a mass of 36.7 %-70 % of that of pure copper foils of the same thickness. These foils are expected to be used in a variety of energy storage components that require extreme lightweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesizing ring-shaped AMLROs active products with biomineralization method. • The mechanism of morphology evolution is investigated to optimize final materials. • Excellent electrochemical performance is achieved without cobalt and nickel. • The ring-shaped structure of AMLRO-54 is well maintained after long term cycling. As free from cobalt and nickel, all manganese-based lithium-rich layered oxides (AMLROs) are promising cathode materials with low cost and high theoretical energy density. This study introduced yeast as a biomineralization template to regulate the crystallization and growth of precursors at the molecular level. The mechanism of structural evolution was investigated in detail, offering a new approach to control the morphology of lithium-rich materials. The resulting AMLRO-54 exhibited a micro-nano composite ring-shaped structure with particle size around 2 μm. The unique hierarchical particles provided large flexible volume, leading to superior structural stability and high rate capability. The reversible capacity of ring-shaped AMLRO-54, without any other modifications, was 274.1 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C. Once extra carbon material was added to improve the inferior electronic conductivity, the initial capacity of AMLRO-54 at 1 C reached 242.9 mAh·g−1 with a retention rate of 90.9 % after 300 cycles (221.0 mAh·g−1). Furthermore, this cobalt and nickel-free cathode material significantly mitigates material costs and environmental hazards, thereby promoting the development of lithium-ion batteries in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhamnolipids (RHLs) are promising biosurfactants with important applications in several industrial segments. These compounds are produced through biotechnological processes using the bacteria Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. The main methods of analyzing this compound are based on chromatographic techniques. In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on a platform modified with reduced graphene oxide, manganese nanoparticles covered with a molecularly imprinted poly (L-Ser) film was used as an alternative method to quantify RHL through its hydrolysis product, acid 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3-HDA). The proposed sensor was characterized microscopically, spectroscopically and electrochemically. Under optimized experimental conditions, an analytical curve was obtained in the linear concentration range from 2.0 × 10−12 mol L−1 to 1.0 × 10−10 mol L−1. The values estimated of LOD, LOQ and AS were 8.3 × 10−13 mol L−1, 2.7 × 10−12 mol L−1and 1.3 × 107 A L mol−1, respectively. GCE/rGO/MnNPs/L-Ser@MIP exhibits excellent selectivity, repeatability, and high stability for the detection of 3-HDA. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the recognition of the hydrolysis product (3-HDA) of RHLs obtained from guava agro-waste. Statistical comparison between GCE/rGO/MnNPs/L-Ser@MIP and HPLC method confirms the accuracy of the electrochemical sensor within a 95% confidence interval. [Display omitted] • Method based on the fractionation of the rhamnolipid macromolecule. • A sensor for the quantification of 3-hydroxydecanoic based on MIPS was proposed. • rGO decorated with MnNPs was electrodeposited on GCE surface for a better response. • An aminoacid monomer was utilized to obtain the GCE/rGO/MnNPs@MIP sensor. • The sensor was successfully applied in RHL sample with a LOD of 8.3 × 10 −13 mol L−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid energy consumption increase in China's non-ferrous metal industry (NMI), there are inequalities in energy-related CO2 emissions among the sub-sectors. In this paper, a meta-frontier decomposition analysis was proposed for decomposing inter-structural low-carbon economic development inequalities among 29 sub-sectors in China's NMI from 2004 to 2018 into 11 components, including four new factors, i.e., energy- and output-oriented technological gaps and scale economies. In addition, an I(CI) index is constructed to measure the inter-inequalities of low-carbon economic development among NMI and decomposed from the static and dynamic perspectives, respectively. Results show that: (1) I(CI) index was in a downward trend during 2004-2010, while remained stable during 2010-2018; (2) the energy-oriented technological gap (ETG) was the key promoters to increase I(CI); (3) the potential energy intensity (PEI) was the primary inhibiting factor for I(CI); (4) the government can reduce the inter-inequalities by narrowing the technological gap and reducing potential energy intensity in the energy market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobility and the bioavailability of heavy metals in waste activated sludge were determined according to their total content and chemical speciation. A modified three-step sequential extraction procedure was used to determine the total content and metal speciation distribution pattern of various heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) pretreated at a temperature of 100 °C to 200 °C. It was found that the organics solubilization was enhanced at higher temperature, increased by 1.75, 183 and 3.03 folds over the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) at 100 C. The total contents of Cd, Pb and Zn exceeded the threshold value established in GB/T standard 23486 (2009), as a function of pH, due to the pollution from the local nonferrous metals industry. For most cases, the impacts of thermal pretreatment on the species distribution were limited and obscure. Cr was the only element showing a potential risk of metal mobilization, such that its residual fraction shifted towards oxidizable fraction at higher treatment temperature. The speciation distribution pattern of Ni, Cr, Cu, and Zn showed potential risks of contamination due to their bioavailability, mobility, or toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the working voltage of the aqueous zinc ion batteries with manganese-based material as the positive electrode material, an ultrathin nanosheet array (MnCO3 NA) was grown on a nickel foam substrate by a one-step solvothermal method. The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of MnCO3 NA were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and battery performance tester. The experiments results showed that the thickness of the MnCO3 NA was about 30 nm and the height was about 500 nm. It was directly applied to the zinc ion battery in the alkaline electrolyte, delivering a high working voltage of 1. 73 V, a specific discharge capacity of 255. 41 mAh/g at 0. 1 A/g, and a capacity retention of 83. 1% after 270 charge-discharge cycles at 0. 5 A/g. In addition, the zinc storage mechanism of the electrode was a mono-phase reaction from Mn2+ to Mn3+, which was analyzed by ex-situ XRD and photoelectron spectroscopy at different potential states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-ferrous metal industry is one of the most important parts of China's process industry and has an extremely important strategic position in the national economy. However, there are many problems in the process of non-ferrous metal smelting: (1) The utilization rate of resource and energy is low in the production process. (2) Large amount of waste emissions have caused prominent environmental problems. (3) The added value of non-ferrous metals is low; besides, the product homogenization is serious. To solve these problems, a novel intelligent manufacturing mode with human-cyber-physical(HCP)collaboration and fusion is constructed from three aspects: (1) an intelligent manufacturing system with HCP collaboration and fusion, (2) a service-based ecosystem platform, and (3) a sustainable business model. The proposed manufacturing mode can make the process of non-ferrous smelting safe, efficient, intelligent, and green. A case study on the largest copper smelting enterprise in the world elaborates the digital twin-based manufacturing system collaborative platform architecture, the framework of the service-based ecosystem platform, and the sustainable business model canvas, which are built by the proposed intelligent manufacturing mode. The results of this paper contribute to the research and practice of non-ferrous metals enterprise's manufacturing mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, smart mines have become a research and construction hotspot in the country, even the non-ferrous metal industry. However, in order to achieve the ultimate unmanned operation, it will inevitably involve multiple equipment and systems for collaborative operation. These equipment and systems constitute a typical multi-agent system, which can realize intelligent operation under harsh conditions, in which the key point is the consistency of system implementation. In order to solve the problem of the execution consistency of the leader-follower model composed of multiple network nodes and multiple agents with time delay, this paper designs an adaptive event-triggered distributed system controller for this type of system. In the design of the event trigger condition of the controller, an observer is designed to solve the situation that the state of the leader node cannot be directly obtained in practical applications, and the time delay in network transmission is taken into account. At the same time, an event-triggered zero-order holder is used to retain and send the delayed measurement output for control updates. After that, the theoretical results obtained in the linear system were modified and extended to the nonlinear system. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed theoretical results was verified through simulation experiments, which provided technical support for the intelligent collaborative operation of non-ferrous metal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When producing seaweed for human consumption, incorporating a "Food Safety-by-Design approach" can help protect human health and ensure the safety of future consumers. Post-harvest processing of seaweed is one strategy to reduce undesirable compounds. The study aimed to determine the effects of a commercial processing strategy (blanching and fermentation) of Norwegian-harvested Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) on the presence of prioritized food safety hazards. We compiled and prioritized food safety hazards to be analyzed based on the current impact of the hazard, the analytical feasibility, and the fit of the hazard to the case study site. Twelve prioritized hazards were included in the case study analyses: arsenic (total and inorganic), iodine, cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, zinc, the allergen tropomyosin, Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp., norovirus, and Vibrio spp. We found that blanching was very effective in reducing iodine concentrations but mildly increased the zinc concentration. Fermentation of blanched seaweed further decreased iodine concentrations and had similar effects on inorganic arsenic, cadmium, and zinc. An unintentional increase in copper was observed. Bacillus cereus was detected in a blanched sample and fermented samples. Vibrio alginolyticus seemed to be introduced during blanching, yet fermentation greatly reduced the detection frequency. Our study illustrates the importance of clearly defining the goals of seaweed processing and optimizing the process for food safety hazards. Meanwhile, it is advised to monitor for unintended effects that may occur during processing, such as, in our case, the introduction of copper and pathogens like B. cereus and Vibrio spp. This study serves as an example for seaweed stakeholders on how to consider a Food Safety-by-Design concept and a risk-based approach during seaweed harvest and post-harvest processing. • Industrial-scale seaweed processing was studied for various food safety hazards. • Blanching in warm seawater effectively reduced iodine. • Fermenting blanched seaweed decreased iodine, inorganic arsenic, cadmium, and zinc. • Copper was more frequently detected after fermentation. • Vibrio alginolyticus was detected less frequently in fermented seaweed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel leaching-roasting-leaching strategy was used to recover valuable metals from zinc oxide dust containing intractable germanide. In the ultrasonic enhanced oxidation leaching stage, potassium permanganate and ultrasonication were introduced to strengthen the dissolution of sulphide. During the roasting stage, sodium carbonate and magnesium nitrate were added to promote the reaction between the insoluble tetrahedral germanium dioxide and complex forms of germanium-containing compounds. Simultaneously, the sulphur produced in the ultrasonic enhanced oxidation leaching stage was used to change the phases of tin dioxide and zinc ferrite, thereby releasing germanium into its lattice. Finally, the germanium in the roasting slag was recovered by conventional leaching, and the grades of lead and tin in the residue were enriched to 35.21% and 11.31%, respectively. Compared with the conventional acid leaching process of enterprise, the total reaction time of this method was shortened to 80 min, and the recovery rates of zinc and germanium increased by approximately 10% and 40%, respectively. The entire process is clean and environmentally friendly and does not cause adverse effects on the recovery of lead and tin. Overall, this study provides new insights into the design of valuable metal recovery methods for zinc oxide dust containing intractable germanide. [Display omitted] • A novel strategy for recovering valuable metals from zinc oxide dust has been proposed. • KMnO 4 and ultrasonic can strengthen the dissolution of sulfide and make the coating layer gap. • The effect of Na 2 CO 3 , Mg(NO 3) 2 and S0 is to transform the phase of germanium-related substances. • The complex germanium compounds can be decomposed at suitable calcination temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main contributor of cadmium (Cd) pollution in China, industrial aqueous Cd emissions are influenced by both industrial and socioeconomic characteristics owing to their "environmental service" nature. It is essential to understand the relationship between these characteristics and industrial aqueous Cd emissions during industrialization. In this study, a data-driven framework was proposed to reveal these relationships. The framework comprises two key steps. i) Three state-of-the-art tree-based machine learning models, including LightGBM, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and Random Forest, were trained to capture the relationships among variables. ii) Shapley additive explanation was utilized to decompose the contribution of the characteristics to the prediction for each sample. The trained LightGBM model demonstrated the most superior performance in predicting industrial aqueous Cd emissions in test datasets (R 2 = 0.881 ± 0.0431 ， R M S E = 58.260 ± 11.839 ， M A E = 27.743 ± 3.274), significantly overperforming traditional linear regression model. Our analysis revealed that during our sample period, the influence of industrial characteristics on regional industrial aqueous Cd emissions was approximately 1.796 times greater than that of socioeconomic characteristics. Shifts in the characteristics of the non-ferrous metal industry contributed to approximately 74% of the average increase in industrial aqueous Cd emissions in China approximately. Regional emissions were found to be positively affected by average size and density but negatively affected by the operation duration of local non-ferrous metal industrial firms. Further driver analysis showed that the growth trajectory of emissions in China can be split into three stages based on the main drivers and growth rate: 2000–2002, 2003–2004, and 2005–2007. The proposed framework overcomes the limitations of the previous methods in terms of application scope, potential factor considerations, and regression structure predefinition. Our analysis implies that policymakers should proactively adjust industrial policies and emissions regulations in response to market shocks and industrial shifts, to a better management of industrial aqueous Cd emissions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effect of Sn-doping on the antimony selenide (Sb 2 Se 3) polycrystalline material to alter its optical properties and electronic band structure. Sb 2 Se 3 polycrystals were isothermally annealed at 350 °C, 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C, in the presence of tin diselenide (SnSe 2) in degassed quartz ampoules to introduce Tin (Sn) into the material. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements confirmed the single phase of the Sb 2 Se 3 samples. Successful doping of the surface of the Sb 2 Se 3 polycrystals with Sn was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the samples annealed at 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C in the presence of SnSe 2. An ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) study revealed a decrease in the work function (Ф) of the Sb 2 Se 3 polycrystals from 4.34 eV to 3.14 eV due to Sn doping implemented at 500 °C. Moreover, a small shift of the Fermi level towards the valence band maximum (VBM) by 30 meV resulted from Sn-doping at 500 °C as was detected by UPS, indicating a slightly enhanced p-type behaviour of the surface region of the Sb 2 Se 3 polycrystals. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) confirmed that Sn doping did not change the bandgap energy of Sb 2 Se 3 polycrystals, being 1.25 eV at room temperature (RT) for the undoped as well as Sn-doped material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Some silicide materials are found out as insert materials for the fabrication of W/CFC blocks. WSi 2 do not exceed but are the same level as insert material as that of SiC + additives. • Zr and V behave as insert materials for W/CFC bonding, but the thermal stability of specimens is not enough. • The bonding strength near edge of an expected size of mono-block is not enough. It needs to be fabricated as a larger size block with 40 MPa of pressure and removed its near-edge parts. The construction of a satellite tokamak, JT-60SA, was completed in 2020. JT-60SA is expected to contribute the research of ITER and developments for DEMO. JT-60SA employs carbon and carbon fiber strengthened carbon (CFC) composites divertors. The divertors will be set on an actively cooled cassette and be remotely handled because of human access restriction into the vacuum vessel due to the radioactivation caused by repeated deuterium plasma operations. An important mission of JT-60SA is high-β steady state plasma research, and during the mission, the use of carbon divertors will be continued. The possibility of metal wall experiments after the complete of high-β steady state plasma research is under discussion. Then the use of remote handled divertor cassette will be a condition, therefore, high performance and appropriate weight divertors are convenient for the operation. One idea is to use clad plates of tungsten and CFC. In previous researches revealed that a sinter bonding method using an insert material of SiC powders + additives was able to join W and CFC. But the research accidentally found out the insert material without explore of the other materials and the size of specimens was small. In present research, some candidates for the insert material were investigated and also the uniformity of strength on a W/CFC block of the expected size were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AA2024-T3 alloy exhibits significant properties for industrial applications, including low weight and high mechanical strength. However, its susceptibility to corrosion, attributed to precipitation hardening, requires effective surface treatments. Anodized aluminum alloys offer a robust protective structure; nevertheless, their porous layer must enable the anchoring of an additional coating or be adequately sealed. Boiling water sealing, though a non-toxic process, demands substantial energy consumption, while toxicity concerns limit the use of sealing with dichromate and Ni salts. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore novel sealing methods capable of operating at lower temperatures for brief durations without Cr(VI) or Ni. This study proposes an alternative post-treatment for AA2024-T3 anodic layers generated in tartaric sulfuric acid (TSA). The method involves immersing the samples for 5 min in solutions containing H 2 ZrF 6 alone, Na 2 MoO 4 with KMnO 4 , and a combination of all three. The resulting layers underwent analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), open circuit potential (OCP) measurements during coating deposition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and a visual examination post-immersion in a NaCl solution. The findings indicate that the Zr and Zr-Mo-Mn conversion coatings partially sealed the porous structure of the anodic oxide film, thereby enhancing its corrosion resistance in chloride medium. The incorporation of molybdate and permanganate ions intensified the precipitation of Zr oxide-fluorides within and on the porous layer, leading to improved corrosion resistance of the anodized alloy compared to Zr-only coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TiN/TiO 2 bilayers fabricated on glass by oblique angle sputtering and sol-gel deposition. • Surface morphology of the top TiO 2 layer modified by the TiN sub-layer. • Higher photocatalytic activity of TiN/TiO 2 bilayer than the TiO 2 monolayer. TiO 2 monolayer and TiN/TiO 2 bilayer coatings were deposited on soda-lime glass prepared by mixing two techniques, TiO 2 was deposited by sol-gel dip-coating and TiN film was deposited by oblique angle deposition using reactive magnetron sputtering at α=45° Structural analysis showed typical peaks of TiO 2 anatase phase and cubic (Na-Cl type) structure of TiN. Roughness value of 3 nm was obtained for the TiN/TiO 2 bilayer film with a rise and elongated grains size. It was found that the optical band gap energy decreases after coupling the TiN sub-layer which is explained by the incorporation of N atoms into TiO 2 structure. At constant UV irradiation time, the photo-degradation of methylene blue rate increased for TiN/TiO 2 film by 4 % compared to TiO 2 film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mn x Zn 1-x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) were synthesized and coated by chitosan. • Surface structure was studied by bright and dark field TEM and HRTEM illustrations. • In- vitro cytotoxicity test on HeLa cancer cell was investigated. • Effect of contrast agent was investigated by TOF experiments. • Time dependent heat profile was investigated for hyperthermia application. Nanoferrites, day by day become the center of attraction due to their acceptability as contrast agents due to their enhanced properties. Wet chemical coprecipitation was used to prepare Mn 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. In order to apply the material for biomedical applications, the nanoferrites were also coated with the biodegradable material chitosan. XRD spectra confirmed the spinel ferrite configuration. It also showed that the structure was face centered cubic. TEM and HRTEM images in both bright- and dark- fields were used to analyze the surface structure and particle size. The particle size was observed below 10 nm. From EDS analysis, the elemental composition of the as-dried and coated materials was determined. No impurity was observed in the material. Along with XRD, FTIR also confirmed the formation of bare and coated spinel ferrites. Two characteristic bands were observed for the material that is also the basic features of the ferrite material. Using an M−H diagram, the variation in saturation magnetization and coercivity as a function of zinc content in the coating was investigated in great depth. It was observed that the saturation magnetization vary a little for coating material. The polydispersity index (PDI) and hydrodynamic diameter of the chitosan-coated solution were determined at 2 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml concentrations. It was seen that Mn 0.8 Zn 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 and Mn 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 at both concentrations were exhibit PDI value within the permissible range. It was discovered through an in-vitro cytotoxicity test on HeLa cancer cells that all of the coated samples were nontoxic to use. Relaxivity values were calculated using MRI images. The relaxivities progressively decreased in value as the zinc ions rose. TOF tests were used to examine the effect of the contrast agent. The samples' heating profiles were examined to determine whether coated nanoferrites were suitable for use in applications involving hyperthermia. It has been noted that the Mn 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 sample is appropriate for biomedical applications involving hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The δ-MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x cathode was prepared by a mild one-step in-situ growth strategy. • The δ-MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x cathode has a high specific capacity of 320.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. • The Ti 3 C 2 T x scaffolds suppress the irreversible structural damage of δ-MnO 2. • The Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets constitute an efficient continuous electron transport pathway. Manganese-based oxides are deemed to be prospective cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Nevertheless, their practical application was hampered by the slow zinc-ion diffusion dynamics and the instability of MnO 2 structure. The δ-MnO 2 /MXene cathodes have been investigated to overcome the inherent defects of δ-MnO 2 and significantly improve the performance of ZIBs. However, these δ-MnO 2 /MXene cathodes suffer from high-temperature, high-pressure, time-consuming or complicated production processes. To address these issues, δ-MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x cathode was synthesized by a one-step in-situ growth strategy under mild conditions. The δ-MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x cathode can take advantages of the large specific capacity of δ-MnO 2 and the high conductivity of Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets. Besides, the highly conductive Ti 3 C 2 T x scaffolds efficaciously suppress the irreversible structural damage of δ-MnO 2. Therefore, the ZIB assembled with the δ-MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x cathode demonstrates significantly improved electrochemical behavior with a large specific capacity of 320.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate capability of 153.0 mAh g−1 at 3.0 A g−1, high energy density of 440.0 Wh kg−1 at 136.6 W kg−1, and good cyclability with a capacity retention of 70.2 % after 1500 cycles, significantly outperforming the δ-MnO 2 cathode. The findings of this study suggest that the δ-MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x composite holds promise as a potential cathode for high-performance aqueous ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A high-performance MoS x adsorbent with sulfur-rich feature was prepared. • The number of unsaturated coordination sulfur sites decides Hg0 adsorption. • The as-prepared MoS x -6–220 possesses the best performance for Hg0 capture. • The final adsorption product is formed through a transformation from Hg-Mo amalgam to HgS. Gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) removal is desirable for the green and high-quality development of nonferrous metal smelting industry. Developing a simple and feasible method to prepare high-performance adsorbent is still challenging. Herein, a sulfur enrichment strategy was proposed to prepare molybdenum sulfide (MoS x) with abundant unsaturated coordination sulfur sites. Benefiting the sulfur-rich feature, the Hg0 sequestration capacity of prepared MoS x is markedly enhanced compared with commercial MoS 2. The characterization results of MoS x demonstrate an ideal structural property and abundant unsaturated sulfur ligands, which assures a desired performance for Hg0 adsorption. Among these adsorbents, MoS x -6–220 exhibits the best Hg0 capture performance, which presents a Hg0 adsorption efficiency of nearly 100 % and average adsorption rate of 6.41 μg/g/min. The theoretical saturated adsorption capacity of MoS x -6–220 reaches 53.03 mg/g, higher than other conventional metal sulfides. The typical compositions in the smelting flue gas have almost little impact on Hg0 adsorption. The experimental and characterization results confirm that the impressive performance is primarily attributed to the enormous quantity of unsaturated coordination sulfur sites, rather than S/Mo stoichiometry. Moreover, the density functional theory calculation results further demonstrate the high adsorption activity of unsaturated coordination sulfur site for Hg0 immobilization. Hg0 adsorption pathway shows that Hg0 is first adsorbed on the top of Mo atom in the form of Hg-Mo amalgam, then the adsorbed Hg would migrate to unsaturated coordination sulfur ligand and bond with it to form stable HgS product, thereby realizing the permanent immobilization of Hg0. This work not only provide a promising strategy to prepare high-performance metal sulfide adsorbents, but also give deep insight into the Hg0 adsorption and conversion mechanism at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two-stage gold mineralization occurred from the early metamorphic deformation (at ca. 218 Ma) to the late extension (ca. 209 Ma) in the post-collision environment. • The early mineralization was sourced from the metamorphism of the Devonian strata, and the late mineralization was sourced from the mixed materials of multiple Devonian strata and deep magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. • The role of metamorphism and magmatic activity during the Triassic Qinling orogenic processes is important in the remobilization of gold from the earlier formed seafloor exhalation sequence. The Baguamiao gold deposit represents one of the largest Triassic orogenic gold deposits in the South Qinling metallogenic belt of central China. Here we investigate Ar-Ar dating of sericite and muscovite, fluid inclusion of quartz, the trace element and sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite from different mineralization stage in the Baguamiao gold deposit to gain insights into the ore genesis. The Ar-Ar dating results yield 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 217.5 ± 2.1 Ma, 209.2 ± 0.2 Ma and 208.8 ± 0.2 Ma, indicating a two-stage gold mineralization during the tectonic transition from the early metamorphic deformation (at ca. 218 Ma) to the late extension (ca. 209 Ma) in the post-collision environment. Fluid inclusion, trace element and sulfur isotopic analyses reveal that the two stages gold mineralization show different sources. The early mineralization period developed CO 2 -rich inclusions with medium temperature (317–413 °C) and medium–low salinity (4.62–18.81 wt% NaCleqv.), and is characterized by formation of Py1 and Py2 with depleted Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Te and Bi. The sulfur isotope data of Py1 and Py2 are between 3.6 ∼ 10.5 ‰, suggesting that the sulfur source was mainly derived from the surrounding rock (Xinghongpu Group). The late mineralization period developed medium–high temperature (321–453 °C), medium–high salinity (3.3–19.62 wt% NaCleqv.) CO 2 -rich inclusions and high-temperature and high-salinity daughter crystal inclusions, and is characterized by formation of Py3 and Py4 with obviously higher arsenic and metal contents, such as Au, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Cr, Ti, Mn, Sb. The δ34S values of Py3 and Py4 are 8.3 ∼ 18.8 ‰, suggesting a mixed fluid of the Xinghongpu Group and Gudaoling Group with deep magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. We propose that the two periods of gold mineralization in the Baguamiao deposit, in response to the collision assembly of Qinling Orogenic Belt, preserve evidence for diverse metal sources with the early mineralization period sourced from the metamorphism of the upper crust (Xinghongpu Group) in the compressional stage (ca. 218 Ma), and the late mineralization period characterized by the contribution of the Xinghongpu Group, Gudaoling Group and deep magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in a post-collisional extensional setting (ca. 209 Ma). The role of metamorphism and magmatic activity during the Triassic Qinling orogenic processes is considered to be important in the remobilization, transport and enrichment of sulfur, arsenic and gold (and potentially other trace elements) from the earlier formed seafloor exhalation sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An exceptional sulfide zonation in gold orebodies. • Gold enrichment by two routes: recrystallization and sequestration. • The pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite domains are potentially targets for more gold resources. The Middle–Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenetic belt (MLYRB) is a large and economically valuable porphyry–skarn Cu–Au ore belt in China with a total reserve of >600 tonnes of gold. Orebodies in the MLYRB are commonly stratabound and extend for several tens of metres in length and locally for more than 1000 m. However, the origin of the stratabound orebodies is uncertain, with proposals including a magmatic or sedimentary genesis, and the specific processes by which these gold deposits were formed are also unclear. Here we report a study of the representative stratabound Jiaochong Au deposit in the Tongling ore district, where stratified gold orebodies are hosted at the Triassic -Permian strata boundary. A detailed field survey, petrologic observations, in situ sulfur isotopic analysis, and major and trace element compositional analysis of gold and sulfide grains were carried out to determine how the gold was enriched. Field survey shows that precipitated sulphides exhibit obvious mineral and textural zonation from wall-rock to orebody centres as follows: Zone 1, colloform pyrite (Py 1) ± sphalerite ± chalcopyrite → Zone 2, euhedral pyrite (Py 2) ± pyrrhotite + arsenopyrite ± colloform pyrite (Py 1) → Zone 3, pyrrhotite + arsenopyrite. From zone 1 to zone 3, the sulphides were progressively phase-transformed, with the earlier Py 1 being gradually consumed and converted into Py 2 , which finally became pyrrhotite. The gold deposition occurs in Zones 2 and 3 and forms two generations of gold grains, one group being completely enclosed within euhedral Py 2 with low As contents (<0.1 wt%) and another group infilling fractures between arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite or occurring as inclusions within arsenopyrite with high As contents (0.4 to 1.4 wt%). The comparable S-isotope compositions of the ore sulfides to those of Mesozoic intermediate-felsic intrusions and the veining characteristics of colloform pyrite in the Tongling ore district suggest that Mesozoic magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, rather than Carboniferous sedimentary rocks as usually thought, provided the principal ore-forming materials. The gold precipitation in this study followed two continuous processes: recrystallisation and arsenopyrite sequestration; in the first process, Au is remobilised from the pyrite structure at higher temperatures up to recrystallisation of fine-grained, colloform morphologies into euhedral crystals and formation of Au-bearing metallic particles (Au 1); with the ongoing recrystallisation more As is released and accumulated into the equilibrated fluids, forming As-rich pyrite or arsenopyrite and a second period of gold deposition (Au 2). The continuous sulphide zonation texture and phase transformation, similar to Jiaochong, have been observed in other gold deposits in the MLYRB, and our gold enrichment processes may also give an explanation for the formation of these stratabound gold deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Confirmed shared hydrothermal fluid source for skarn and quartz-vein orebodies. • Identified physicochemical condition differences between two orebodies. • Recognized fluid-rock reactions for skarn; cooling/mixing for quartz vein. • Proposed multi-stage metallogenic model for skarn and vein-type deposits. The Tongshanling Cu–Pb–Zn deposit, situated within the Qin-Hang intra-continental porphyry-skarn metallogenic belt in South China, presents a valuable case study of intrusion-related ore systems. This deposit is characterized by skarn mineralization closely associated with subsequent quartz-vein sulfide mineralization. While considerable research has been devoted to understanding the origin and evolution of the intrusions and mineralization processes, limited attention has been given to elucidating the relationship between the skarn and quartz-vein mineralization, along with the physicochemical conditions governing their formation. Here, we conducted a comprehensive mineralogical and isotopic investigation of sulfides, and a thorough analysis of fluid inclusion assemblages. We aimed to discern disparities in the sources of ore-forming materials, formation temperature, sulfide fugacity, and precipitation-alteration mechanisms of hydrothermal fluids for these two distinct orebodies. Although same sulfide species including arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite, some silicate minerals such as garnet, chlorite, and epidote are exclusive to the skarn orebodies and absent in the quartz veins. The homogeneous temperatures of fluid inclusions in the skarn orebody, ranging from the early to late stages of evolution, decrease from ∼310 to ∼290 °C. Simultaneously, salinity varies from 5.5 to 3.1 wt% NaCl eqv. In the quartz vein mineral body, the temperature reduction is more pronounced, decreasing from ∼270 to 186 °C, with salinity ranging from 3.6 to 1.4 wt% NaCl eqv. Sphalerite geothermometer indicates that peak hydrothermal fluid temperature in the skarn orebodies (∼300–340 °C) was relatively higher than that in the quartz-vein orebodies (<300 °C). Nevertheless, temperatures in both hydrothermal fluid systems declined as mineral precipitation proceeded, corresponding to a decrease in sulfur fugacity. The final stage of sphalerite represents the lowest temperature, salinity and sulfur fugacity with associated quartz displaying the lowest salinity across the entire hydrothermal fluid spectrum at the Tongshanling deposit, suggestive of meteoric water incorporation. This study delves into the multifaceted history of mineralization at the Tongshanling deposit, providing a fresh perspective on the origin and evolutionary relationships of Cu-polymetallic deposits associated with intrusions, particularly those involving multiple stages of mineralization in skarns and quartz veins, contributing to a better understanding of similar deposits worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Three generations of pyrite and quartz are identified in the Meiling deposit. • Lithium and Al compositions may control the CL intensity of Meiling quartz. • Pyrite Co/Ni ratio indicates a hydrothermal origin. • Abundant porous pyrite and trace element ratios indicates that boiling plays an important role in the metal precipitation. • Multistage sulfides and quartz compositions can effectively reconstruct hydrothermal fluid evolution process in the Meiling deposit. The Meiling is a newly discovered Late Paleozoic epithermal Cu–Zn–Au deposit in the Kalatag arc, East Tianshan, NW China. Some key issues such as metal substitution mechanisms, physicochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids and sulfide precipitation process are still unclear. In this contribution, we carried out a detailed trace element geochemistry of sulfides and quartz and in-situ sulfur isotopic compositions to characterize the ore-forming elements enrichment process. The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages, including quartz–pyrite, quartz–chalcopyrite–pyrite, quartz–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–pyrite and quartz–calcite–pyrite stage, respectively. Three generations of pyrite are identified in the Meiling deposit, including subhedral to anhedral pyrite (Py1), fine-grained pyrite (Py2) and irregular pyrite (Py3). Three generations of hydrothermal quartz (Qtz1, Qtz2, and Qtz3) are identified. Titanium, Al and Li compositions of Qtz1 are mostly higher than those of Qtz2 and Qtz3, indicating a higher formation pressure and temperature. Average Li compositions show a decreasing trend from Qtz1 to Qtz3, namely 42.8 ppm, 11.3 ppm, 5.3 ppm, respectively. Similar trends also appear in the Al compositions, indicating that the Li and Al compositions may control the CL intensity of quartz. The increasing pH from Qtz1 to Qtz3, combined with the alteration characteristic and the sequence of sulfide precipitation, indicating a clear relationship between pH and mineralization process in the Meiling deposit. LA–ICP–MS data shows that Py1 displays the highest compositions of Te (avg. 44.66 ppm) and Pb (avg. 361.95 ppm). Py2 contains the highest compositions of Cu (avg. 5643.85 ppm), Zn (avg. 436.72 ppm), As (avg. 15300.55 ppm), and Ag (avg. 146.70 ppm), whereas the Py3 contains the most Se (avg. 405.40 ppm), Au (avg. 18.65 ppm), Ni (avg. 19.45 ppm) and Co (avg. 12.64 ppm) compositions. In Py2, the high compositions of Cu and Pb may be due to the existence of inclusions in chalcopyrite and galena. Chalcopyrite is enriched in Ag, Te, Sb, Zn, Cd, In and Se and poor in Ge, Au and Bi. Sphalerite is characterized by high compositions of Ag, Cd, Fe, Mo, Cu, Ga and Sb. Cobalt/Ni ratios of Py1(avg. 1.7), Py2 (avg. 4.9), and Py3 (avg. 1.8), indicating a hydrothermal origin. Sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides suggest that quartz porphyry is an important material source at Meiling deposit. Tellurium composition in Py1 (avg. 44.7 ppm) was significantly higher than that in Py2 (avg. 1.10 ppm) and Py3 (avg. 0.90 ppm), indicating that the fluid f O 2 in stage II and III was higher than that in stage I. Moreover, stage II and III have nearly the same f O 2 values. Arsenic enters pyrite in the form of As– instead of S– in the Meiling deposit, causing its lattice defects to promote Au+ to enter into pyrite. Au-As-rich Py3 and visible gold are most likely to be formed by direct precipitation from the new Au-As rich ore-forming fluid. Abundant porous pyrite and trace element ratios (e.g., Ag/As, Ag/Co) indicates that boiling plays an important role in the precipitation process of Py2 and Py3. In summary, trace element compositions of multistage sulfide and quartz can effectively reconstruct hydrothermal fluid evolution and metal enrichment process of Meiling epithermal Cu–Zn–Au mineralization system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dirty-acid wastewater (DW) originating from the non-ferrous metal smelting industry is characterized by a high concentration of H 2 SO 4 and As. During the chemical precipitation treatment, a significant volume of arsenic-containing slag is generated, leading to elevated treatment expenses. The imperative to address DW with methods that are cost-effective, highly efficient, and safe is underscored. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of three typical methods to DW treatment, encompassing technical principles, industrial application flow charts, research advancements, arsenic residual treatment, and economic considerations. Notably, the sulfide method emerges as a focal point due to its minimal production of arsenic residue and the associated lowest overall treatment costs. Moreover, in response to increasingly stringent environmental protection policies targeting new pollutants and carbon emissions reduction, the paper explores the evolving trends in DW treatment. These trends encompass rare metal and sulfuric acid recycling, cost-effective H 2 S production methods, and strategies for reducing, safely disposing of, and harnessing resources from arsenic residue. [Display omitted] • The applications of three typical DW treatment technologies are summarized. • The three typical arsenic residues safe disposal and research progress are reviewed. • The new challenge of DW treatment is put forward under new environmental protection. • The future research of DW treatment technology is to realize the resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a broad bandgap semiconductor (3.37 eV) with a wide range of applications, such as catalysts, piezoelectric actuators and transducers, solar cells, microsensors, among others. One way of obtaining ZnO is through the controlled oxidation of metallic zinc, which is the third most consumed metal in the world among the non-ferrous metals with the galvanizing industry being responsible for approximately 57% of the worldwide consumption of this metal. Anodizing is a process of surface treatment consisting of creating an oxide film on the metal surface, being able to retain large amounts of dye. ZnO was obtained by anodizing the galvanized steel which was carried out in a 5mM NaHCO3 electrolytic solution at a constant voltage of 35V with an initial current of 0.2A for 8 minutes. Chemical characterization of the anodized surface, thickness of the layer and verification of the morphology obtained were verified, where it was verified the production of na-nofios with about 100nm of diameter. N479 Black Dye commercial dye was deposited. The results showed the obtaining of a homogeneous layer, with the morphology of nanowires with great layer-city of dye absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results of analysis of the patent, scientific, and technical literature concerned with the physicochemical and technological foundations of the preparation of high-purity arsenic-containing compounds from various raw materials. Considerable attention is paid to processing of unconventional raw materials (lewisite detoxification products, nonferrous metals industry waste, and III–V semiconductor materials fabrication waste). Arsenic-containing substances (elemental arsenic, arsenic trichloride, arsenic trioxide, and arsine) containing less than 1 ppm by weight of regulated impurities have been prepared and characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development of an industry is an important topic of technological innovation. To unlock the path dependence of industrial development, it is critical to identify the evolution law of the industrial collaborative innovation network. Taking China's nonferrous metal industry as an example, this paper establishes two collaborative innovation networks from the time and space dimensions, respectively. The networks cover both the macroenvironment and the microinnovative subjects of the industry and fully consider the collaborative relationships between these subjects. Through multilevel and multidimensional analysis, the authors drew the following conclusions: the macropolicies and technology paradigm can create a window of opportunity for the industry, which directly drives the breeding of new industries and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries; the interaction between the macroenvironment and microinnovative subjects leads to the differentiation of the industrial innovation path; the provinces can enter the first echelon of interprovincial innovation collaboration and realize sustainable development of the industry through the unlocking path, which consists of path continuation, path expansion, path implantation, and path diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ni(II) was efficiently removed from strongly acidic wastewater using DDTC. • Dithiocarbamate groups of DDTC react with Ni(II) to form DDTC Ni precipitates. • High-purity NiO can be obtained by calcination of DDTC Ni precipitates. • NO 2 , CS 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 , and SO 2 were released during the calcination process. Strongly acidic wastewater produced in nonferrous metal smelting industries often contains high concentrations of Ni(II), which is a valuable metal. In this study, the precipitation of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater using sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the precipitant was evaluated. The effects of various factors on precipitation were investigated, and the precipitation mechanism was also identified. Finally, the nickel in the precipitates was recovered following a pyrometallurgical method. The results show that, under optimised conditions (DDTC:Ni(II) molar ratio = 4:1; temperature = 25 °C), the Ni(II) removal efficiency reached 99.3% after 10 min. In strongly acidic wastewater, the dithiocarbamate group of DDTC can react with Ni(II) to form DDTC Ni precipitates. Further recovery experiments revealed that high-purity NiO can be obtained by the calcination of DDTC Ni precipitates, with the nickel recovery efficiency reaching 98.2%. The gas released during the calcination process was composed of NO 2 , CS 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 , and SO 2. These results provide a basis for an effective Ni(II) recovery method from strongly acidic wastewater. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Mn18Cr2 steel containing TiN precipitates was fabricated by vacuum induction melting. The morphology of TiN precipitates and the interface orientation relationship between TiN and γ-Fe were characterized by means of SEM, TEM and SAED, and the formation mechanism of TiN precipitates in Mn18Cr2 steel was clarified. Results show that the TiN precipitates are more likely to exhibit a cubic-shaped morphology and form both within the grain and at the grain boundary of γ-Fe. The interface orientation relationship between TiN and γ-Fe is determined as follows: . Because of the smallest interfacial misfit, the secondary close-packed lane {100} of TiN preferentially combines with the close-packed plane {111} of γ-Fe during the precipitation in order to minimize the interface energy. After nucleation, the TiN precipitates exhibit cubic appearance due to the fact that the TiN has a FCC structure with rock salt type structure. This study provides reference for the material design of the austenitic high-manganese steels with excellent yield strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel Na2SO3 process enhanced with an oxidation inhibitor was proposed for the synergic removal of SO2 and NO2 from nonferrous smelting flue gas. The co-absorption and reduction characteristics and mechanism of SO2 and NO2 were investigated. Results showed that when 80.59, 161.17, and 241.76 mM Na2S2O3 was added into 2% of Na2SO3 solution, NO2 absorption capacity increased to 264%, 300%, and 330%, and that of SO2 increased to 162%, 198%, and 232%, respectively. The inhibition action of Na2S2O3 was achieved by reacting S 2 O 3 2 − with ∙ S O 3 − to form an inert substance polythionate that prevents ∙ S O 3 − from reacting with dissolved oxygen. The co-absorption and reduction characteristics of SO2 and NO2 revealed that ∼42.5% of NO2(N) was reduced to N2, 21.5% of NO2(N) combined with S O 3 2 − to form O N S O 3 − compounds, 5% of NO2(N) formed N O 3 − in solution, and 22.6% of NO2(N) was reduced to NO into flue gas. Therefore, the enhanced Na2SO3 process shows potential for synergistic desulfurization and NO2 removal from the nonferrous metal smelting industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of manganese chelate of ethylenediamine (Manganese-EDA-Cl) as feed additive for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) identified several issues related to the data provided concerning the chemical characteristics of the additive. Based on the information provided, the FEEDAP Panel considered unlikely that the additive consists only of manganese mono-chelate of EDA, but of several coexisting (manganese) species; therefore, the FEEDAP Panel was unable to confirm the identity of the additive. The FEEDAP Panel could not evaluate the safety for target species, consumer and environment and the efficacy of the additive owing to the uncertainties and limitations identified in the studies submitted. Concerning the safety of the additive for the users, the Panel considered that handling the additive poses a risk to users by inhalation. The additive should be considered as corrosive to eyes and a skin sensitiser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]