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The article presents tests aimed at optimising the welding of bars, made of steel AISI1005 (ø 4.2 mm), in a cruciform configuration (i.e. using the cross-wire welding process). The authors identified research gaps and carried out a detailed numerical analysis of these cases. The research-related calculations involved the use of SORPAS software. The new areas of research included (i) bars with protective zinc coatings having various thicknesses of 0 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm and 30 µm, (ii) various welding current rise times (up-slope) and (iii) single and multi-pulse welding cycles. The tests were carried out using a DC 1 kHz inverter welding machine; the results concerning welding up-slope times were compared with those obtainable using a conventional AC 50 Hz welding machine. The results of the study, in the form of a welding technology with various values of up-slope time, have been implemented in industry. The inventive idea is protected by patent no. P.229445 at the Polish Patent Office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In almost every country, patents need to be renewed multiple times after they are granted. A patentee assesses the value of the patent and then pays a renewal fee to keep it active for another stipulated period. The factors that characterize the value of a patent is subjective. This paper aims to address the research gap of building an accurate model for predicting the renewal life (often considered as a substitute for the patent value) of Indian patents, and identification of significant factors that influence the renewal life. This study uses an extensive data set collected from the Indian Patent Office for all granted patents filed between 1995 and 2005. The popular statistical and machine learning algorithms do not result in accurate predictive models, because the patent renewal life distribution (at least for the Indian patents) shows unusual spikes at the two extreme values, which makes the modeling task more challenging. We propose a new two-stage hybrid model by combining an efficient multi-class classifier and a binomial regression model for predicting the complex renewal data distribution. We conducted a comparative analysis of the proposed model with several state-of-the-art machine learning and statistical models. The results show that the proposed hybrid model gives 90% accuracy as compared to the best competitor which gives only 40% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the role of brokers in the regional innovation network and its influence on innovative and collaborative outcomes. For this purpose, we make use of data from the European Patent Office and Eurostat in the period 1986–2015. We first build the regional collaboration network based on co-inventorship ties, and then we identify the brokerage roles played by each region, using the original taxonomy proposed by Gould and Fernandez (1989), to disentangle their impact on innovation and collaboration. Finally, we investigate regional collaboration intensity and how it interacts with brokerage roles, highlighting its mediating effect. Our findings indicate that brokerage roles contribute to the extension of collaboration networks, but also that they are not efficient for the creation of innovation. Collaboration intensity, on the other hand, enhances both innovation and collaborative outcomes and shows how a region can benefit from being a broker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a legal and regulatory update for May 2024 in the European Union (EU) regarding pharmaceutical patents and market authorizations. It highlights specific cases, such as the invalidity of Novartis' patent for fingolimod, the injunction against generic versions of sitagliptin and metformin, and the rejection of a SPC application for avelumab. The document also mentions the dismissal of requests to cancel market authorizations for the Spikevas and Cominarty COVID-19 vaccines. It discusses two separate cases related to the commercialization of medical products, one involving Mylan Ireland and the other involving Doctipharma SAS. The document further examines a complicated judgment regarding the procedure used by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to designate its experts, as well as a judgment under appeal regarding the interpretation of a policy on competing interests in the pharmaceutical industry. [Extracted from the article]

Oral mucositis (OM) remains a significant toxicity among patients being treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or with concomitant chemotherapy (CRT) for cancers of the head and neck (HNC). Given its clinical significance as an unmet need and its potential commercial viability, the pharmaceutical industry has been actively pursuing an effective intervention. Despite this interest and activity, only a few agents have been studied in Phase III trials (n = 6). The objective of this study was to identify common features that differentiate successful and failed Phase III OM trials. We used the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patent Public Search database to search patents with "oral mucositis" in the claims. We then searched ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed to determine if Phase III or Phase II trial data for identified biologics/drugs had been published. We assessed each Phase III and Phase II trial for characteristics that may be associated with trial success or failure. We considered a study as a "success" if the primary endpoint reached statistical significance, and we considered a study as "failure" if the primary endpoint did not reach statistical significance. Of the three successful Phase III trials, one investigated avasopasem manganese (Galera Therapeutics) and two examined palifermin (Amgen). The three failed trials included those evaluating dusquetide (Soligenix), iseganan hydrochloride (IntraBiotics Pharmaceuticals), and clonidine (Monopar Therapeutics). We found that differences in the level of sponsor funding, patient inclusion criteria including radiation source and concomitant chemotherapy regimen, and concordance of primary efficacy outcomes between Phase II and Phase III trials influenced outcomes. To properly design clinical trials for OM in HNC patients, it is important that researchers and sponsors take note of specific study characteristics associated with success or failure, particularly with Phase III trials where the risks and costs are the highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have noted the importance of measurement tools that track the contributions of the circular bioeconomy and other developments towards sustainable development. In this study, we examined the EU-27 as a whole and found that its circular bioeconomy, measured by the 41 indicators we used, generally progressed over the period 2004--2021. Research and development personnel and Persons employed in circular economy sectors were ranked as the most progressing indicators over the studied period, together with Patent applications to the European Patent Office, which supports the idea that the circular bioeconomy uses novel technologies and requires research to develop them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is caused by the presence of polluting elements. Ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM) are the most controlled gasses because they can be released into the atmosphere naturally or as a result of human activity, which affects air quality and causes disease and premature death in exposed people. Depending on the substance being measured, ambient air monitors have different types of air quality sensors. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in designing drones as mobile sensors for monitoring air pollution. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive patent review to gain insight into the proprietary technologies currently used in drones used to monitor outdoor air pollution. Patent searches were conducted using three different patent search engines: Google Patents, WIPO's Patentscope, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The analysis of each patent consists of extracting data that supply information regarding the type of drone, sensor, or equipment for measuring PM, the lack or presence of a cyclone separator, and the ability to process the turbulence generated by the drone's propellers. A total of 1473 patent documents were retrieved using the search engine. However, only 13 met the inclusion criteria, including patent documents reporting drone designs for outdoor air pollution monitoring. Therefore, was found that most patents fall under class G01N (measurement; testing) according to the International Patents Classification, where the most common sensors and devices are infrared or visible light cameras, cleaning devices, and GPS tracking devices. The most common tasks performed by drones are air pollution monitoring, assessment, and control. These categories cover different aspects of the air pollution management cycle and are essential to effectively address this environmental problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keyword search is the most ordinary tool in patent offices; however, for more advanced research, free software is not presented on their websites. Thus, this paper has the purpose to provide a data-mining framework for patent documents, linking the natural language processing techniques and data analysis algorithms. The system has two main goals: the analysis of technological prospection and the evaluation of similarities among patents through titles and abstracts. For numerical experiments, we used the base of the US Patent and Trademark Office, with over a million documents. Analysing patents about TFT-LCD, Flash Memory and PDA, from 2010 to 2018, with S-Curve it was observed that the last two technologies decline. Using a cloud of words, it was possible to see the phone's evolution, from 2010 to 2015. To evaluate the degree of similarity among patents, we investigated Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Word2vec, Word Mover's Distance (WMD), in three different study cases. In addition, these methods were compared with the classical Jaccard index. Numerical results show that LSA and WMD obtained similar patent indications, and the Jaccard index presented different indications from the other three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization of the US Patent and Trademark Office's (USPTO) backfile of six million patents undertaken between 1951 and 2001 was a five-decade struggle, featuring several media transitions from print and microfilm to CD-ROMs and, finally, the Web. This mass digitization project is on a similar scale to Google Books and the Internet Archive, but it is rarely discussed within critical digitization scholarship or for its significance as a tool for knowledge production. In this article, I focus on the USPTO's patent document's digital and physical material form and how the current paradigm of access and storage of the digital backfile emerged. Through this case study, I build upon Ian Milligan's distinction between the 'text' and 'platform' layers of a digitization project to demonstrate how historical decisions regarding format and metadata continue to influence how users retrieve and interpret documents, such as patents, online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the need for the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) to renew its focus on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in light of the increasing spread of infectious diseases and climate change. The US FDA's response to NTDs has been limited in scope and prominence, despite the fact that nearly 1.65 billion people worldwide require treatment for NTDs. The article suggests that the US FDA should update its policies and programs related to NTDs, hold hearings or workshops on the topic, and form a working group comprised of various US federal agencies to enhance research and product development for NTDs. [Extracted from the article]

Retrosynthetic planning, which aims to identify synthetic pathways for target molecules from starting materials, is a fundamental problem in synthetic chemistry. Computer-aided retrosynthesis has made significant progress, in which heuristic search algorithms, including Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and A* search, have played a crucial role. However, unreliable guiding heuristics often cause search failure due to insufficient exploration. Conversely, excessive exploration also prevents the search from reaching the optimal solution. In this paper, MCTS exploration enhanced A* (MEEA*) search is proposed to incorporate the exploratory behavior of MCTS into A* by providing a look-ahead search. Path consistency is adopted as a regularization to improve the generalization performance of heuristics. Extensive experimental results on 10 molecule datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of MEEA*. Especially, on the widely used United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) benchmark, MEEA* achieves a 100.0% success rate. Moreover, for natural products, MEEA* successfully identifies bio-retrosynthetic pathways for 97.68% test compounds. Computer-aided retrosynthetic planning algorithms such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and A* search can expedite the identification of synthetic pathways, however, achieving a high success rate remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an enhanced search algorithm by incorporating the exploration capability of MCTS into A* search, achieving synthesis success rates of up to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study of a patented invention for an electrochemical cell that can reduce carbon dioxide and oxidize hydrocarbons. The invention was developed by Dr. Gerardine G. Botte, a professor at Texas Tech University, and aligns with sustainability research interests. The article discusses the prosecution history of the patent application and the use of a Request for Continued Examination (RCE) to continue the application after a final rejection. It provides a detailed description of the invention and its background, as well as the patent applications associated with it. The case study aims to help scientists, engineers, and technologists understand the patent prosecution process. [Extracted from the article]

Whey is well known to be nutritive and to provide significant nutritional value when included in foods. Therefore, trying to make this product even more valuable, in 1988, a patent was granted giving rise to microparticulated whey proteins (MWP). In that way, the present work aimed to review the literature on patents that develop and/or apply MWP in food production until December 2022. Keywords, such as "whey", "protein", and "microparticulated" were used in the search for patents in Espacenet (patents database of the European Patent Office—EPO). A total of 60 patents were reviewed in this study which include the MWP as a fat substitute; as an ingredient to improve texture, flavor, and viscosity, or as a stabilizer for food products, like yoghurt, cheese, salad dressings, and acidified drinks, among others. Of the 24 companies listed in this review, at least six have MWP products being marketed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempts to express information from various documents in graph form are rapidly increasing. The speed and volume in which these documents are being generated call for an automated process, based on machine learning techniques, for cost-effective and timely analysis. Past studies responded to such needs by building knowledge graphs or technology trees from the bibliographic information of documents, or by relying on text mining techniques in order to extract keywords and/or phrases. While these approaches provide an intuitive glance into the technological hotspots or the key features of the select field, there still is room for improvement, especially in terms of recognizing the same entities appearing in different forms so as to interconnect closely related technological concepts properly. In this paper, we propose to build a patent knowledge network using the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent filings for the semiconductor device sector by fine-tuning Huggingface's named entity recognition (NER) model with our novel edge weight updating neural network. For the named entity normalization, we employ edge weight updating neural network with positive and negative candidates that are chosen by substring matching techniques. Experiment results show that our proposed approach performs very competitively against the conventional keyword extraction models frequently employed in patent analysis, especially for the named entity normalization (NEN) and document retrieval tasks. By grouping entities with named entity normalization model, the resulting knowledge graph achieves higher scores in retrieval tasks. We also show that our model is robust to the out-of-vocabulary problem by employing the fine-tuned BERT NER model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research on passion fruit has been conducted in several institutions worldwide, and it is of interest to the productive sector, the scientific community, and science and technology managers to learn about current scientific advances and opportunities through metric studies of bibliographic information. A survey of publications indexed in the Web of Science and the Agricultural Research Database— BDPA, in European Patent Office – Espacenet, and Embrapa’s technologies and projects were used as indicators to characterize research networks. This study analyzed the co-authorship and co-citation network of scientific production, the strength of connections among institutions, and a map of co-occurrence of keywords from 2001 to 2020. Brazil, the United States, Colombia, and France had the largest co-authorship networks for Passifloraceae. Brazilian institutions that are in a prominent position in the analysis of co-authorship networks and that produced the largest number of publications were Embrapa, University of São Paulo (USP), and State University of Campinas (Unicamp). The main themes studied were adsorption, antioxidant, clarification, evolution, flavonoid, flowering, growth, and somatic embryogenesis. Patents related to the use of passifloras were highest between 2015 and 2017 and were mainly focused on the production of food, beverages, cosmetics, and medicines. Brazil has relevant bibliographic production and technological development regarding passion fruit for the academic community and rural producers. These results integrated aspects of scientific activity that can help explore new research directions and explain the use and circulation of scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy management is critical for obtaining a significant number of practical benefits. Wind energy is one of the most important sources of renewable energy. It is extremely valuable to manage this type of energy well and monitor its development. Data-driven analysis of wind energy technology provides essential clues for energy management. Patent documents are extensively used to follow technology development and find exciting patterns. Patent analysis is an excellent way to conduct a data-driven analysis of the technology under concern. This study aims to define concepts related to wind energy technologies and cluster these concepts to manage wind energy well in practice. Although many efforts have been made in the literature on wind energy, no study defines the concepts related to wind energy technologies and clusters these concepts. This study proposes a text mining and clustering-based patent analysis approach to overcome the limitations of previous studies. Data-driven analysis collects and assesses patent documents related to wind energy technologies. Patent documents are collected from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Text mining is applied to the abstracts of patent documents, and the k-means clustering algorithm is utilized to determine the distribution of the keywords among the clusters. The results of this study show that the contents of the patent documents are mostly related to the tower, and the propeller blades placed at the top of the tower should rotate smoothly with the wind speed for better energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversification of regions into new technologies is driven by the degree of relatedness to existing capabilities already present in the region. In cases where opportunities for diversification are rather limited, external knowledge that spills over from neighboring regions or from farther away might become an important driver of regional diversification. Despite the relative importance of interregional knowledge flows via collaborative work, we still have a very limited understanding of how collaboration networks across regions might facilitate diversification processes. The present study investigates the diversification patterns of European metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions into new knowledge domains via technology classes reported in patent applications to the European Patent Office. The findings indicate that externally oriented inventor collaboration networks increase the likelihood that a new technology specialization enters a region, but this external orientation is less important for related diversification than for unrelated diversification. Further, the results demonstrate that interregional collaboration networks help diversification into unrelated technologies if external knowledge sourcing is based on a diverse set of regions and if collaboration is intense within companies located in distinct regions. Within-firm collaborations across regions can compensate for missing related skills in metropolitan and in nonmetropolitan regions alike but are especially important in nonmetropolitan regions. These results provide new evidence about the importance of knowledge flows within multilocation firms in the technological knowledge diversification of regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis is considered a degenerative joint disease that is characterised by inflammation, chronic pain, and functional limitation. The increasing development of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems has provided new ideas and methods for osteoarthritis therapy. This review aimed to evaluate patents that have developed innovations, therapeutic strategies, and alternatives using nanotechnology in osteoarthritis treatment. The results show patents deposited from 2015 to November 2021 in the online databases European Patent Office and World Intellectual Property Organisation. A total of 651 patents were identified for preliminary assessment and 16 were selected for full reading and discussion. The evaluated patents are focused on the intraarticular route, oral route, and topical route for osteoarthritis treatment. The intraarticular route presented a higher patent number, followed by the oral and topical routes, respectively. The development of new technologies allows us to envision a promising and positive future in osteoarthritis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Since the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1923 to FG Banting and JJR Macleod, many voices have been raised against this decision. The bitterest protest was that of the Romanian scientist Nicolae C. Paulescu. In 2002, The Romanian Academy of Sciences, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) planned to hold a series of academic events the following year in Paris to acknowledge Paulescu's scientific merits in the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone. However, the initiative was cancelled in August 2003, when the European Center of the Simon Wiesenthal Foundation (SWC) accused Paulescu of being antisemitic. The authors of this manuscript have decided to approach "the Paulescu case" from its double aspect, scientific and sociopolitical, to analyze the circumstances surrounding the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone, and Paulescu's alleged antisemitic past in the historical context of the Romanian nation in the interwar period. Methods: We contacted the SWC and people related to the 2003 events in Paris. We performed a comparative review of the documents published by the Toronto group and by Paulescu and analyzed the correspondence and articles generated by international experts from the scientific community interested in the controversy. We carried out an exhaustive bibliographic search through several online catalogs (INDEXCAT, NLM Gateway, EUREKA, MEDHIST). We travelled to Bucharest, where we visited Paulescu's house-museum, interviewed a former student of the Romanian professor, and a prominent medical historian who was knowledgeable about Paulescu's scientific and political biography. Dan Angelescu†, son of Dr. Constantin Angelescu (1904–1990), Paulescu's nephew and collaborator, provided us with a copy of all the available documentation from Paulescu's personal archive. It constitutes an essential source for understanding Paulescu's personal, political and academic biography. Archives consulted: Românǎ Academy (Bucharest). Personal Archive of Paulescu, House -Museum (Bucharest)*. Romanian Jewish Heritage (Bucharest). http://romanianjewish.org/ **. Simon Wiesenthal Center (Los Angeles, CA) http://www.wiesenthal.com **. Romanian Patent Office. Oficiul de Stat pentru Invenții şi Mǎrci (OSIM) (Bucharest)***. Nobel Archives (Stockholm) https://www.nobelprize.org. Internet Archive (San Francisco, CA) https://archive.org **. Wellcome Library (London) https://wellcomelibrary.org **. The European Library https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/ **. US National Library of Medicine, NLM historical collections http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/index.html **. US. Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org/ (*: archive consulted on site; **: material found in the online catalog of the archive; ***: archivists sent us digitized copies of archival material). Books consulted for information on the history of Romania and antisemitism: "Nationalist ideology and antisemitism. The case of Romanian intellectuals in the 1930s", by Leon Volovici; "The mystique of ultranationalism: History of the Iron Guard, Romania, 1919–1941" by Francisco Vega; "Romania 1866–1947", by Keith Hitchins; "History of Romania. Compendium", by Ioan-Aurel Pop and Joan Bolovan; "The Holocaust in Romania. The destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu regime, 1940–1944", by Radu Ioanid; "The Jews of East Central Europe between the World Wars", by Ezra Mendelson; "Cultural Politics in Greater Romania. Regionalism, Nation Building and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930", by Irina Livezeanu, and "Judeophobia. How and when it is born, where and why it survives", by Gustavo Daniel Perednik. Articles are referenced in the bibliography section at the end of the manuscript. Results: A-Nicolae Paulescu developed an intense long-term research activity, which included complete pancreatectomy and preparation of a pancreatic extract (PE) containing the antidiabetic hormone he called pancreina. Parenteral administration of the PE achieved excellent results in the treatment of experimental diabetes in dogs and induction of hypoglycemia in the healthy animal. This work was initiated before 1916 and published at least eight months antedating the publication of the first article by Banting and Best (February 1922), who were acquainted with Paulescu's results, but misinterpreted them. The pancreatic extract of the two Canadian researchers, -iletin/insulin-, only achieved similar results to that of the Romanian scientist once they abandoned the use of the "degenerated pancreas" extract (ligation of the ductal system), replacing it with the pancreas of adult or fetal bovine. Pancreina and insulin were very similar. The award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to FG Banting and JJR Macleod in October 1923 honored the successful clinical use of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Paulescu's achievements were ignored. B-Nicolae Paulescu publicly manifested his Judeophobic ideology on multiple occasions in academic and political interventions and in publications and participated with other figures from the Romanian intellectual sphere in the founding of the Uniunea Național Crestinǎ (UNC, National Christian Union) in 1922 and of the Liga Apǎrǎrii Național Cresține (LANC, League for Christian National Defense) in 1923, antisemitic far-right political parties, associated with an irrational Christian orthodoxy and hatred of Jews. Paulescu played a pivotal role in the spread of antisemitism. Conclusions: A-The Romanian scientist NC Paulescu started an intense research program aimed at the isolation of the antidiabetic hormone before 1916, including an original procedure of pancreatectomy in the dog and the elaboration of a pancreatic extract that achieved excellent results in the treatment of experimental diabetes, demonstrating its beneficial effects on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and reducing both glycosuria and glycemia and the urinary excretion of ketone bodies of depancreatized dogs toward normality. The results of these investigations were published in 1920 and 1921, predating the first report published by FG ​​Banting and CH Best in February 1922. It has been sufficiently demonstrated that Canadian researchers were aware of Paulescu's excellent results, mentioning them only in passing, albeit erroneously misrepresenting key results of the Romanian scientist's publication in the aforementioned seminal Canadian article. Expert historians and international scientists have recognized that the pancreatic extract that Paulescu called pancreina and that obtained by Banting and Best, insulin, were very similar. The October 1923 award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to FG Banting and JJR Macleod ignored Paulescu's scientific achievements in the treatment of experimental diabetes and rewarded the extraordinary advance of insulin treatment in human diabetes. B-At the end of August 2003, a few days before the date of the celebration at the Hôtel Dieu in Paris of the scheduled program of tribute to the scientific merits of NC Paulescu and his important contribution to the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone, convened by the Romanian Academy and the International Diabetes Federation, the Wiesenthal Foundation publicly accused the Romanian scientist of being an antisemite, an act that determined the cancellation of the announced events. The exhaustive investigation of the personal convictions and antisemitic behavior of Nicolae C. Paulescu has undoubtedly documented the Judeophobic ideology of the Romanian scientist, linked to his orthodox religious radicalism, manifested in multiple documents (mostly pamphlets) and interventions in collaboration with other relevant personalities of the Romanian intelligentsia of his time. Furthermore, Paulescu participated in the creation of political organizations of the most radical extreme right that played a fundamental role in the spread of antisemitism amongst the Romanian population and the university community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the release of Good2Go Software's Good2Go Order Pilot, described as an "intelligent e-mail order onboarding" tool for printing companies. Topics include how the Pilot analyzes email orders and attachments to create work orders automatically, streamlining the process, and how it assists operators in reviewing and adjusting orders by highlighting any discrepancies between product specifications and job specs.

The article discusses the debate surrounding special designations for oncology drugs by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The authors analyze the associations between these designations and various outcomes, such as development time, clinical innovativeness, and cost-effectiveness. They find that drugs with more designations tend to treat fewer patients but have greater efficacy at similar costs compared to drugs with fewer designations. However, these drugs are also less likely to have been tested in proper randomized, controlled trials, raising concerns about the true nature of their benefits. The authors highlight the need for well-designed studies and rigorous enforcement of postmarketing requirements. Ultimately, the FDA's dual mandate of ensuring drug safety and effectiveness while enhancing access to drugs presents a challenge in balancing evidentiary certainty with expedient access. Scientific rigor should be prioritized in regulatory decisions. [Extracted from the article]

Universities are relevant actors in research and development (R&D) and, increasingly, in innovation. These institutions play a significant role in the generation and transfer of scientific and technical knowledge. They may also adopt an orchestration role, in order to combine diverse national and international sources of knowledge through collaboration networks that can enhance their ability to transfer it to industry and society. In this paper, we seek to demonstrate that, if this pattern is confirmed, larger benefits can be achieved and translated into better performance and greater impacts on the development of local innovation ecosystems. Using data on patents granted to universities by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) from 1990 to 2017, we study the technological performance of Spanish universities to illustrate how collaboration patterns affect the relative impact on their innovative activities. Our contribution identifies a dual complementary and geographically dispersed pattern of collaboration in the evolution of universities' technological performance, while the existence of public-private partnerships and the generation of international linkages are found to be prevalent factors (even dominant over R&D). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opioid crisis in the United States has resulted in a dramatic increase in overdose deaths over the last two decades. This crisis has created an economic ripple affecting an important engine of growth: patenting. Using patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), we show a negative effect of opioid prescriptions on the amount of patenting that occurs in a county. Despite inventive activities being hampered by the negative economic effects that opioid misuse creates in an area, we also find evidence that the opioid crisis incentivizes inventors to relocate. Similarly, we find a reduction in the number of high-tech firms and STEM graduates. We also show that the opioid crisis dramatically reduces the number of white and non-white inventors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the overlooked contributions of Svetlana Mojsov, a scientist who played a significant role in the discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its impact on diabetes and obesity treatment. Topics discussed include her essential work in GLP-1 research, her struggle for recognition, and the broader questions it raises about credit in scientific endeavors.

The concept of geographical indication, which serves to distinguish a product from others and emphasizes the different side of that product, also affects the travel motivations, destination preferences and purchase intentions of the consumer. Countries, regions, and cities that have this concept are becoming more visible. This research purpose to reveal the existing situation of geographical indication patent processes carried out in Turkey in the context of soups in the category of "dishes and soups". The research conducted for this purpose, ""How is the distribution of geographically indicated soups in Turkey according to regions and provinces?", "How is the distribution of geographically indicated soups according to registration dates and legal entities?" and "How is the distribution of the soups for which the registration application has been made, according to the application dates and regions?" answers to the questions were sought. The research, the information in the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office was used. The characteristics (origin-origin-traditional product) of soups with geographical indications, which can be considered as a gastronomic element in Turkey, and their distribution because of registration holders, province, region and year are tabulated. As a result of the study, the region with the highest number of soup registrations is the Central Anatolia Region. No soup with a registration certificate was found in the Marmara Region. At the same time, the results of reveal that soup registrations are mostly carried out by municipalities and applications have increased from past to present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5 d Including acral lentiginous melanoma, melanoma in junctional nevus, malignant melanoma not otherwise specified, etc. 6 e As per the study design, fatal and non-fatal cases were similar regarding median thickness. While the individual case fatality rate from thin melanoma is low, overall, thin melanomas contribute a large proportion of total melanoma deaths. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance in Southeast Asia is a macro-level health dilemma that may cause substantial casualties annually. Fortunately, Southeast Asian mangroves are potent reservoirs of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties in correlation to their traditional usage. Hence, this study aimed to systematically review studies concerning antimicrobial activities of mangroves in Southeast Asia as well as provide a technological overview of its prospective use in pharmaceutical industry applications through patents. Through the PRISMA protocol, the search for peerreviewed studies originated from Southeast Asia and published between 2010 to 2022 were conducted over databases such as CORE, Google Scholar, PubMed (MedLine), Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additionally, a patent search was also performed on the Espacenet Patent Search, Google Patents, National Institute of Industrial Property, and United States Patent and Trademark Office. The studies and patents were collated on Mendeley Reference Manager as well as tabulated and assessed on Microsoft Office Excel 2016. After the four-phase screening, 59 studies and one patent regarding antimicrobial activities of Southeast Asian mangroves passed the criteria for the systematic review. It was inferred that Southeast Asia constitutes potentially most species-diverse mangroves with highly varied antimicrobial properties and can form synergism with drugs. The existing studies and patents may provide enlightenment on the future path of studies and inventions which must be continually substantiated in animal and clinical experiments for prospective pharmaceutical industry use. In this way, mangroves can be conserved while antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic activities can be lowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents recent publications from the Indian Patent Office Journal along with WIPO/PCT numbers. The topics covered include a promising drug for SARS-CoV-2 and blood cancer, an oral polyherbal fixed dose formulation for pre-menstrual syndrome, and a process for developing a lip gel from a herbal formulation.

Purpose: Technological development drives the optimization of therapeutics in ophthalmology, but quantifiable and systematic review of such innovation is lacking. To fill this gap, we characterize trends in ophthalmology-related patents in the United States from 2005 to 2020. Methods: Publicly available patent data from the US Patent and Trademark Office was analyzed with the R programming language. Ophthalmology-related patents were identified with a keyword search of their titles and claims text. Temporal trends were assessed with the Mann–Kendall trend test (α = 0.05, two-sided). Results: Of 4.5 million collected patents, some 21,000 (0.5%) were ophthalmology related. The number of annually granted ophthalmology patents increased over time (Mann–Kendall test: z = 4.91; P < 0.001), from 619 patents released in 2005 to 2,019 patents in 2020. Patent counts also increased over time for all ophthalmic subspecialties except oculoplastics, with steepest rises in retina (z = 4.91; P < 0.001) and cornea (z = 4.64; P < 0.001). The most cited patents were in biocompatible intraocular implants and implantable controlled-release drug delivery systems, which underscores particular advancement in therapeutic efficacy and safety in devices used in the treatment and management of common yet debilitating eye conditions. Conclusion: This exploratory analysis reveals hotspots for ophthalmology-related innovation in the United States that may predict current and future growth trends in device development and pharmacologic advancement in ophthalmology, paving the way for more diverse and effective treatment options for preserving vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of the present study is to determine the life cycle and technology prediction based on patent bibliometric data using Markov hidden model. The study population included 50,915 patent licenses in medical equipment extracted from the US Patent and Trademark Office database from 1976 to 2015. The study findings revealed technology life cycle patterns in 21 medical equipment sub-areas. The status of medical device patent license indicators at different stages of the technology life cycle, alongside the likelihood of state transfer at different stages of the medical technology life cycle, were investigated. Ultimately, the results showed that "Drug delivery equipment, Disposable medical equipment, Oximeters, and Sharps (Medical instruments)" have more suitable areas for investment and commercialization. The current research results can also provide a good insight into technologies and can be used as a guide alongside experts and other decision-making methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In retrosynthetic planning, the huge number of possible routes to synthesize a complex molecule using simple building blocks leads to a combinatorial explosion of possibilities. Even experienced chemists often have difficulty to select the most promising transformations. The current approaches rely on human-defined or machine-trained score functions which have limited chemical knowledge or use expensive estimation methods for guiding. Here we propose an experience-guided Monte Carlo tree search (EG-MCTS) to deal with this problem. Instead of rollout, we build an experience guidance network to learn knowledge from synthetic experiences during the search. Experiments on benchmark USPTO datasets show that, EG-MCTS gains significant improvement over state-of-the-art approaches both in efficiency and effectiveness. In a comparative experiment with the literature, our computer-generated routes mostly matched the reported routes. Routes designed for real drug compounds exhibit the effectiveness of EG-MCTS on assisting chemists performing retrosynthetic analysis. In retrosynthetic planning, huge numbers of chemical reactions lead to a combinatorial explosion of possibilities from which selecting the most promising transformations is difficult. Here, the authors report an experience-guided Monte Carlo tree search that efficiently generates retrosynthetic routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has a megadiversity that includes marine species that are distributed along 800 km of shoreline. This biodiversity status holds promising biotechnological potential. Marine organisms are important sources of novel chemical species, with applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and nutraceutical fields. However, ecological pressures derived from anthropogenic actions, including the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements and microplastics, impact promising species. This review describes the current status of the biotechnological and environmental aspects of seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast, including publications from the last 5 years (from January 2018 to December 2022). The search was conducted in the main public databases (PubChem, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) and in the Espacenet database (European Patent Office—EPO) and the Brazilian National Property Institute (INPI). Bioprospecting studies were reported for seventy-one seaweed species and fifteen corals, but few targeted the isolation of compounds. The antioxidant potential was the most investigated biological activity. Despite being potential sources of macro- and microelements, there is a literature gap regarding the presence of potentially toxic elements and other emergent contaminants, such as microplastics, in seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the patent marketplace, patent trading recommendation is required to mitigate the technology searching cost of patent buyers. Current research focuses on the recommendation based on existing patents of a company; a few studies take into account the sequential pattern of patent acquisition activities and the possible diversity of a company's business interests. Moreover, the profiling of patents based on solely patent documents fails to capture the high-order information of patents. To bridge the gap, we propose a knowledge-aware attentional bidirectional long short-term memory network (KBiLSTM) method for patent trading recommendation. KBiLSTM uses knowledge graph embeddings to profile patents with rich patent information. It introduces bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) to capture the sequential pattern in a company's historical records. In addition, to address a company's diverse technology interests, we design an attention mechanism to aggregate the company's historical patents given a candidate patent. Experimental results on the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) data set show that KBiLSTM outperforms state-of-the-art baselines for patent trading recommendation in terms of F1 and normalised discounted cumulative gain (nDCG). The attention visualisation of randomly selected company intuitively demonstrates the recommendation effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the intricacies and challenges relating to Restriction Practice and Subject Matter Eligibility that can be encountered while on the road to obtaining U.S. patent protection for precision medicine inventions. Because of the complex and often inconsistent application of the relevant patent law to precision medicine inventions, IP counsel should be consulted on how to best protect these discoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development and characteristics of a new white wine grape cultivar called 'Blanc Du Soleil' developed by the Florida A&M University Grape Genetics and Breeding Program in collaboration with Texas A&M University. It is discussed that it is notable for its resistance to Pierce's disease and its successful adaptation to the climate of the Texas Gulf Coast and Florida Panhandle, resulting in the production of high-quality wine.

F In what was probably his last writing on base-16 numeration, Leibniz [[12]] drew a table featuring the decimal numbers 0 to 40 represented in every base from 2 to 16. Hexadecimal, or base 16,[1] has been used as a computer language for decades. In his first writing on base 16, Leibniz [[9]] worked out how to convert the decimal number 1679, representing the year of his invention, into sedecimal numeration. 7 However, in 1867, W. B. Taylor, of the United States Patent Office, reviewed Nystrom's proposal and reached the conclusion that base 16 was not significantly more economical than base 10, as Nystrom had claimed. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most divisive and debated issues in patent law in recent years has been the Patent Office's practice of denying petitions for inter partes review (IPR)--the Patent Office proceeding to review and cancel wrongfully issued patents--on discretionary procedural grounds, such as duplicative Patent Office proceedings or the existence of advanced parallel litigation. On the surface, the discretionary denial practice seems like an odd candidate to provoke such fierce opposition. Discretionary denials have affected a small percentage of IPR petitions without making any changes to the features that have made IPRs so effective at invalidating "bad" patents. As a normative matter, the discretionary denial practice presents a close, nuanced, and unclear trade-off between the benefits of invalidating wrongfully issued patents and the inefficiencies and burdens of duplicative proceedings. And despite frequent objections from sophisticated patent stakeholders, the one thing that is clear about the discretionary denial practice is that it is consistent with the statutory text and objectives and a lawful exercise of the enhanced power and authority the America Invents Act (AIA) grants to the Patent Office. But below the surface, the discretionary denial controversy is more understandable. It reflects a patent system struggling to accept a shift to greater administrative authority after two hundred years of judicial dominance of patent policy-making. Discretionary denials offer a useful case study to evaluate the patent system's changing institutional arrangements. This Article demonstrates how the AIA gave the Patent Office significant power and discretion over IPRs, authority that comfortably encompasses the discretionary denial practice. It further shows how the experience with discretionary denials confirms the benefits provided by the AIA's shift toward greater administrative patent power: expertise, flexibility, reasoned deliberation and policy-making, and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]